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1.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (author)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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2.
  • Osterberg, Marie, et al. (author)
  • Core Outcome Sets (COS) related to pregnancy and childbirth : a systematic review
  • 2021
  • In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 21:1
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BackgroundSystematic reviews often conclude low confidence in the results due to heterogeneity in the reported outcomes. A Core Outcome Set (COS) is an agreed standardised collection of outcomes for a specific area of health. The outcomes included in a COS are to be measured and summarized in clinical trials as well as systematic reviews to counteract this heterogeneity.AimThe aim is to identify, compile and assess final and ongoing studies that are prioritizing outcomes in the area of pregnancy and childbirth.MethodsAll studies which prioritized outcomes related to pregnancy and childbirth using consensus method, including Delphi surveys or consensus meetings were included. Searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, SocINDEX and COMET databases up to June 2021. For all studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, information regarding outcomes as well as population, method, and setting was extracted. In addition, reporting in the finalized studies was assessed using a modified version of the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting.ResultsIn total, 27 finalized studies and 42 ongoing studies were assessed as relevant and were included. In the finalized studies, the number of outcomes included in the COS ranged from 6 to 51 with a median of 13 outcomes. The majority of the identified COS, both finalized as well as ongoing, were relating to physical complications during pregnancy.ConclusionThere is a growing number of Core Outcome Set studies related to pregnancy and childbirth. Although several of the finalized studies follow the proposed reporting, there are still some items that are not always clearly reported. Additionally, several of the identified COS contained a large number (n > 20) outcomes, something that possibly could hinder implementation. Therefore, there is a need to consider the number of outcomes which may be included in a COS to render it optimal for future research.
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3.
  • Ahmed, Sahil, 1991, et al. (author)
  • Towards Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) Integration
  • 2021
  • In: Proceedings of the Nofoma Conference 2021.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: Sales and operations planning (S&OP) is a tactical level planning process between the demand and supply as well as other functions in an organization. The aim of the paper is to identify and analyze interfaces in S&OP and to conceptualize and explore integration in those interfaces. Design/methodology/approach: The paper builds on literature on integration and its mechanisms in S&OP and adopts a qualitative and explorative research approach. Two companies with established S&OP processes were selected as cases and interviews were conducted with managers in positions having an overview of the process. Findings: Based on the analysis of the two case companies, eight different interfaces were identified in the two case companies. The interfaces were analysed with regard to which mechanisms used to reach integration. Coordination stands out as the most important mechanism, which is facilitated by process, organisation, and technology. Research limitations/implications: The paper starts to conceptualize S&OP integration at the interface level. Based on the case analysis of individual interfaces, initial understanding of how coordination, collaboration, and alignment results in integration was created. The paper ends by raising future research questions regarding S&OP integration. Practical implications: Managers involved in S&OP are involved daily in the interfaces. This paper add knowledge on which mechanisms to use to integrate interfaces. Original/value: Based on identifying a range of interfaces to be integrated in a well-functioning S&OP, this paper starts a discussion of the meaning of integration in S&OP in relation to individual interfaces as well as cross interfaces.
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4.
  • Albert, Malin, et al. (author)
  • Hospitalized patients’ attitudes towards participating in a randomized control trial in case of a cardiac arrest
  • 2024
  • In: Resuscitation Plus. - 2666-5204. ; 18
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BackgroundNo previous study has evaluated patients attitudes towards inclusion in an ongoing cardiac arrest clinical trial. The aim of this study was to assess patientś willingness and motives to participate in the ongoing randomized controlled drug trial “Vasopressin and Steroids in addition to Adrenaline in cardiac arrest” (VAST-A trial) in case of an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).ObjectivesHospitalized patients, men ≥ 18 and women ≥ 50 years, were asked for informed consent for inclusion in the VAST-A trial in case of an IHCA, the reason for approving or declining inclusion in the trial and baseline characteristics.MethodsPatients admitted to hospital were asked to give informed consent of inclusion in VAST-A in case of an IHCA during their hospital stay. Patients were also asked why they approved or declined inclusion as well as baseline characteristics questions.Results1,064 patients were asked about willingness to participate in the VAST-A trial, of these 902 (84.8%) patients approved inclusion. A subgroup of 411 patients were, except willingness, also asked about motives to participate or not and basic characteristics. The main reason for approving inclusion was to contribute to research (n = 328, 83.9%). The main reason for declining inclusion was concerns regarding testing the drug treatment (n = 6, 30%).ConclusionAmong hospitalized patients the vast majority gave informed consent to inclusion in an ongoing randomized cardiac arrest drug trial. The main reason for approving inclusion was to contribute to research.
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7.
  • Arce Cardozo, Rodrigo Karlop, 1987-, et al. (author)
  • Did the COVID-19 quarantine policies applied in Cochabamba, Bolivia mitigated cases successfully? : an interrupted time series analysis
  • 2024
  • In: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 17:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted varied policy responses globally, with LatinAmerica facing unique challenges. A detailed examination of these policies’ impacts on healthsystems is crucial, particularly in Bolivia, where information about policy implementation andoutcomes is limited.Objective: To describe the COVID-19 testing trends and evaluate the effects of quarantinemeasures on these trends in Cochabamba, Bolivia.Methods: Utilizing COVID-19 testing data from the Cochabamba Department Health Servicefor the 2020–2022 period. Stratified testing rates in the health system sectors were firstestimated followed by an interrupted time series analysis using a quasi-Poisson regressionmodel for assessing the quarantine effects on the mitigation of cases during surge periods.Results: The public sector reported the larger percentage of tests (65%), followed by theprivate sector (23%) with almost double as many tests as the public-social security sector(11%). In the time series analysis, a correlation between the implementation of quarantinepolicies and a decrease in the slope of positive rates of COVID-19 cases was observedcompared to periods without or with reduced quarantine policies.Conclusion: This research underscores the local health system disparities and the effective-ness of stringent quarantine measures in curbing COVID-19 transmission in the Cochabambaregion. The findings stress the importance of the measures’ intensity and duration, providingvaluable lessons for Bolivia and beyond. As the global community learns from the pandemic,these insights are critical for shaping resilient and effective health policy responses.
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8.
  • Bertilsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Retrieval Practice : Beneficial for All Students or Moderated by Individual Differences?
  • 2021
  • In: Psychology Learning & Teaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1475-7257. ; 20:1, s. 21-39
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Retrieval practice is a learning technique that is known to produce enhanced long-term memory retention when compared to several other techniques. This difference in learning outcome is commonly called “the testing effect”. Yet there is little research on how individual differences in personality traits and working memory capacity moderate the size of the retrieval-practice benefits. The current study is a conceptual replication of a previous study, further investigating whether the testing effect is sensitive to individual differences in the personality traits Grit and Need for Cognition, and working memory capacity. Using a within-subjects design (N = 151), participants practiced 60 Swahili–Swedish word pairs (e.g., adhama–honor) through retrieval practice and re-studying. Learning was assessed at three time points: five minutes, one week, and four weeks after practice. The results revealed a significant testing effect at all three time points. Further, the results showed no association between the testing effect and the personality traits, or between the testing effect and working memory, at any time point. To conclude, retrieval practice seems to be a learning technique that is not moderated by individual differences in these specific personality traits or with working memory capacity, thus possibly beneficial for all students.
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9.
  • Bertilsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Self-regulated use of retrieval practice : associations with individual differences in non-cognitive and cognitive factors
  • 2024
  • In: European Journal of Psychology of Education. - : Springer Nature. - 0256-2928 .- 1878-5174.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Retrieval practice is a learning strategy that has repeatedly been found to have positive effects on memory and learning. However, studies indicate that students rarely use retrieval practice on a voluntary basis. The objective of the present study was to examine students’ self-regulated use of retrieval practice, and to determine whether sex and individual differences in cognitive and non-cognitive aspects are related to optional use of practice testing. A classroom study was conducted with 146 upper-secondary school students taking courses in mathematics and Swedish. An ABAB design was used to compare students’ optional and non-optional use of retrieval practice (i.e., repeated online quizzing). Students performed cognitive tasks to assess working memory capacity and fluid intelligence and completed self-reports of non-cognitive factors related to school achievement, such as grit, need for cognition (NFC), conscientiousness and openness. Quiz use was then compared using paired- and independent-samples t-tests, and hierarchical linear regression analyses explored relations to individual differences. The results showed that students completed significantly fewer quizzes in the optional sections than in the non-optional sections, and that females completed significantly more optional quizzes than males in Swedish, but not in mathematics. Further, the results showed that conscientiousness predicted optional quiz use in mathematics, whereas sex, NFC, conscientiousness, and openness predicted quiz use in Swedish. To conclude, although the findings show a relatively low optional/self-regulated use of practice testing, in line with earlier research, they suggest that sex and non-cognitive factors, such as personality characteristics, can predict optional use of practice testing.
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10.
  • Bertilsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • The Testing Effect and Its Relation to Working Memory Capacity and Personality Characteristics
  • 2017
  • In: Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1945-8959 .- 1810-7621. ; 16:3, s. 241-259
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Retrieval practice is known to lead to better retention of a to-be-learned material than restudy (i.e., the testing effect). However, few studies have investigated retrieval practice in relation to working memory capacity (WMC) and personality characteristics such as grittiness (Grit) and need for cognition (NFC). In two experiments, we examined retrieval practice and restudy of Swahili–Swedish word pairs in relation to individual differences in Grit and NFC. In Experiment 1, using a between-subjects design, a significant main effect of retention interval was qualified by a Group × Retention Interval interaction. However, there were no effects of Grit or NFC. In Experiment 2, a within-subjects design was used, and a measure of WMC was included. The analyses revealed a testing effect; but again, WMC, Grit, and NFC were not significantly associated with performance. These results indicate that retrieval practice levels out the playing field regarding WMC, NFC, and Grit.
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  • Borg, Elisabet, et al. (author)
  • Assessing depressive symptoms with the Borg centiMax Scale® in a Swedish sample of patients and students
  • 2020
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 61:2, s. 325-331
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Borg centiMax Scale, is a psychophysically composed general intensity ratio scale, which could enable more precise inter‐ and intraindividual comparisons of the intensity of depressive symptoms. In the present study, the properties of the centiMax scale were examined in 38 patients with clinical depression and 109 students. Additionally, preliminary centiMax cut‐off scores for mild, moderate and severe depression were estimated. The psychometric properties of the centiMax were found to be satisfactory regarding internal consistency, convergent, discriminative and predictive validity. Moreover, the centiMax was demonstrated to provide meaningful comparisons of symptom intensity, which makes it possible to evaluate the relative importance of individual symptoms in a profile and make more precise comparisons within and between individuals. With regard to intraindividual comparisons, patients rated , for example, the intensity of feeling “guilt” twice as strong as feelings of “being punished,” and the intensity of “loss of pleasure” almost three times as strong as “being punished.” With regard to interindividual comparisons, patients rated e.g., the intensity of “being punished” as 12 times stronger than controls, and the intensity of “worthlessness” about nine times stronger. In conclusion, the centiMax was shown to be reliable and valid for assessing depressive symptoms. The centiMax with level anchored ratio data, appears to be highly advantageous as it permits rather precise values of symptom intensity for intra‐ and interindividual comparisons that could be useful in the diagnostic process and in treatment planning.
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  • Burstedt, Marie, et al. (author)
  • Genotype-phenotype correlations in Bothnia dystrophy caused by RLBP1 gene sequence variations
  • 2013
  • In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 91:5, s. 437-444
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To evaluate phenotypes caused by different RLBP1 mutations in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa of Bothnia type. Methods: Compound heterozygotes for mutations in the RLBP1 gene [c.677T>A]+[c.700C>T] (p.M226K+p.R234W), n=10, aged 7-84years, and homozygotes c.677T>A (p.M226K), n=2, aged 63 and 73years, were studied using visual acuity (VA), low-contrast VA, visual fields (VFs) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retrospective VA and VFs, standardized dark adaptation and full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were analysed and prolonged dark adaptometry and ERG (at 24hr) were performed. Results: Progressive decline of VA and VF areas was age-dependent. Retinal degenerative maculopathy, peripheral degenerative changes and retinitis punctata albescens (RPA) were present. Early retinal thinning in the central foveal, foveal (O 1mm), and inner ring (O 3mm) in the macular region, with homogenous, high-reflectance RPA changes, was visualized in and adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelium/choriocapillaris using OCT. Reduced dark adaptation and affected ERGs were present in all ages. Prolonged dark adaptation and ERG (at 24hr), an increase in final threshold, and ERG rod and mixed rod/cone responses were found. Conclusions: The two RLBP1 genotypes presented a phenotypical and electrophysiological expression of progressive retinal disease similar to that previously described in homozygotes for the c.700C>T (p.R234W) RLBP1 mutation. The uniform phenotypical expression of RLBP1 mutations is relevant information for the disease and of importance in planning future treatment strategies.
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14.
  • Burstedt, Marie, et al. (author)
  • Phenotypic expression of EYS mutations in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in northern Sweden
  • 2018
  • In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 59:9
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Purpose : To describe clinical phenotype in patients of northern Sweden affected by recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP) caused by mutations in Eyes Shut Homolog (Drosophila) (EYS) gene.Methods : Whole exome sequencing (WES) and multiple ligation dependent prode amplification (MLPA) were used for identification of EYS sequence variants in a cohort of ARRP patients (n=148) from northern Sweden. The patients with EYS mutations were ophthalmologically examined over time using visual acuity (ETDRS), visual fields, slit lamp and fundus examination and ocular coherence tomography (OCT). Dark adaptometry and full-field electroretionograms (ERG) was performed.Results : Phenotype characterization was done in 13 ARRP cases with EYS mutations representing five bi-allelic sequence variants, three of which were novel. Only one variant was detected in two cases. The phenotypic outcome was predominately presented as classical RP aggravating in young adulthood. However, among these patients we observed a variation of phenotypic expression with initial paracentral to central macular affection of the retina and areolar retinal degeneration with electrophysiological outcome of only slightly subnormal responses of both rods and cones in late adulthood (60 y/o), clinically defined as areolar atrophy.Conclusions : The EYS mutations account for 10% of ARRP in northern Sweden. The phenotype presents both typical classical RP and chorioretinal degenerative retinal disease, areolar dystrophy. This suggests that molecular genetic testing of the EYS is crucial when both RP and pattern macular diseases are clinically diagnosed.
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15.
  • Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al. (author)
  • A socially accountable health and care workforce in Northern Sweden : who should it contain, who is it for and what should it do?
  • 2020
  • In: Dipping in to the North. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811566233 - 9789811566226 ; , s. 175-194
  • Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This chapter examines two myths affecting development of the health and care workforce in places like the rural north of Sweden. The first is that 'rural health' is primarily concerned with medical care, and the second is that the major challenge facing rural health and care systems is population ageing. We argue that a focus on ageing populations leads to a workforce that is poorly equipped to deal with the needs of youth, Indigenous people, migrants and others. Further, a workforce focused on medical care is limited in capacity to provide holistic and coordinated care for rural residents. We acknowledge that demanding a more knowledgeable and better prepared health and care workforce will increase the challenges of recruitment and retention, but this needs to be balanced against the benefits of having a 'socially accountable' workforce.
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16.
  • Degerlund Maldi, Kinza, et al. (author)
  • Widespread and widely widening? : Examining absolute socioeconomic health inequalities in northern Sweden across twelve health indicators
  • 2019
  • In: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-9276. ; 18
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in health is a widely studied topic. However, epidemiological research tends to focus on one or a few outcomes conditioned on one indicator, overlooking the fact that health inequalities can vary depending on the outcome studied and the indicator used. To bridge this gap, this study aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the patterns of socioeconomic health inequalities in Northern Sweden over time, across a range of health outcomes, using an 'outcome-wide' epidemiological approach.Method: Cross-sectional data from three waves of the 'Health on Equal Terms' survey, distributed in 2006, 2010 and 2014 were used. Firstly, socioeconomic inequalities by income and education for twelve outcomes (self-rated health, self-rated dental health, overweight, hypertension, diabetes, long-term illness, stress, depression, psychological distress, smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity) were examined by calculating the Slope Index of Inequality. Secondly, time trends for each outcome and socioeconomic indicator were estimated.Results: Income inequalities increased for psychological distress and physical inactivity in men as well as for selfrated health, overweight, hypertension, long-term illness, and smoking among women. Educational inequalities increased for hypertension, long-term illness, and stress (the latter favouring lower education) in women. The only instance of decreasing income inequalities was seen for long-term illness in men, while education inequalities decreased for long-term illness in men and poor self-rated health, poor self-rated dental health, and smoking in women.Conclusion: Patterns of absolute socioeconomic inequalities in health vary by health and socioeconomic indicator, as well as between men and women. Overall, trends appear more stagnant in men while they fluctuate in women. Income inequalities seem to be generally greater than educational inequalities when looking across several different health indicators, a message that can only be derived from this type of outcome-wide study. These disparate findings suggest that generalised and universal statements about the development of health inequalities can be too simplistic and potentially misleading. Nonetheless, despite inequalities being complex, they do exist and tend to increase. Thus, an outcome-wide approach is a valuable method which should be utilised to generate evidence for prioritisations of policy decisions
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17.
  • Dollmann, Jörg, et al. (author)
  • Ethnic gaps in Swedish upper secondary school completion : Is 'immigrant optimism' the problem?
  • 2021
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • In many Western countries, researchers have documented ‘immigrant optimism’ in education, i.e., the tendency for immigrant-background students to choose academically more demanding routes than others at given levels of grade point averages (GPA). For some, this indicates structural integration, while others alert against an ‘immigrant optimism trap’ when ambition trumps ability, leading to high risks of non-completion. Using longitudinal Swedish population data (n≈90,000), we estimate the upper secondary ‘completion gap’ to 12% to the detriment of immigrant-background students. We then address the ‘trap hypothesis’ via two counterfactual analyses. The first shows that if immigrant-background youth made similar educational choices as other students at the same GPA, the completion gap would shrink by 3.4 percentage points. The second analysis suggests that restricting admission to programmes based on prior GPA, which would lead to a massive relocation of low- and mid-GPA students to vocational programmes, would reduce the completion gap by 2.2 percentage points. These changes must be considered marginal in view of the substantial restrictions of choice that either of these measures would entail. We conclude that completion gaps are not primarily a result of immigrant optimism, and optimistic choices are likely to be a net positive for structural integration.
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  • Dollmann, Jörg, et al. (author)
  • Is ‘immigrant optimism’ in educational choice a problem? Ethnic gaps in Swedish upper secondary school completion
  • 2023
  • In: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 39:3, s. 384-399
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In many Western countries, researchers have documented ambitious educational choices among students of immigrant origin, for example, the tendency to choose academically more demanding routes than others at given levels of school achievement (e.g. grades, GPA). While this may indicate integration, some warn against an ‘immigrant optimism trap’, because choosing more demanding tracks at lower levels of GPA may increase risks of non-completion. Using longitudinal Swedish population data (n ≈ 90,000), we estimate an upper secondary ‘ethnic completion gap’ of 12 per cent to the detriment of students of immigrant background. We then address the ‘trap hypothesis’ via two analyses. The first shows that if students of immigration background would make similar educational choices as other students at the same GPA, the completion gap would shrink by 3.4 percentage points. The second analysis, based on simulations, suggests that restricting admission to academic programmes based on prior GPA, would lead to a massive relocation of low- and mid-GPA students to—usually less demanding—vocational programmes, but would only reduce the completion gap by 2.2 percentage points. These changes must be considered marginal in view of the substantial restrictions of choice that either of these measures would entail. We conclude that completion gaps are not primarily a result of unfounded immigrant optimism, and that optimistic choices are likely to be a net positive for integration by improving the chances of immigrant youth to reach tertiary-level qualifications and professional occupations.
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  • Ferreira, Carla, 1982, et al. (author)
  • Exploring the impact from digitalization on business relationships in welding manufacturing
  • 2020
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Digitalization has a vast impact on industry in terms of firm strategies and business models (Jocevski, et al., 2020). The aim of the paper is to explore digitalization’s impact on a firm’s business relationships and networks, including both existing supplier and customer relationships and development of new ones. The content of current relationships is explored in terms of shared activities, resources and actor interaction.   The paper is based on a case study of BETA, an industrial firm and manufacturer of welding equipment and consumables. BETA is currently developing and implementing digital technologies in their products and services. This digitalization journey does not only impact their internal process but also their business relationships. It might in turn lead to new business relationships. BETA is currently offering digital solutions to its customers, the so-called BETA Digital Solutions. Their prototype of the digital cloud platform was launched in 2018. Shortly after that, the commercialization started. By using cloud platform and IoT, BETA promises to its customers maximization of their welding productivity, quality consistence, downtime reduction, and real time information about energy and wire consumption. BETA has been working to expand its digital solutions portfolio and platform functionalities. Results of the paper regard learning points from the digitalization journey and describe the various practiced digitalized offerings and business models of BETA. The results build on the framework by Pagani & Pardo (2017) and preliminary include identification of key interfaces in business relationships in context of digitalization. As it is now and planning for next steps, on the customer side, BETA has been commercializing few digital solutions, while more advanced service offerings, with some with degrees of circularity, are still in the BETA’s roadmap and their business models are still under development. BETA’s plan is to implement a pilot/proof in a near future for these advanced service offerings and business models, in collaboration with customers. Regarding the supplier side, BETA sees the importance of supply chain management and works continuously with their current suppliers as well as develops contacts with new suppliers for digitalization solutions.
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21.
  • Ferreira, Tatiana, et al. (author)
  • Building bridges : community-based projects for participation and social inclusion of rural neets
  • 2024. - 1
  • In: NEETs in European rural areas. - : Springer. - 9783031456787 - 9783031456794 ; , s. 17-33
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This chapter focuses on factors that facilitate community-based projects for providing effective and sustainable responses to the challenges faced by young people Not in Employment, Education, or Training (NEETs) in rural areas and more specifically to promote their quality of life and social inclusion. In line with Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model (1977, 1979) and considering community-based projects as part of the exosystem, we aim to identify the barriers and constraints faced by projects targeting young NEETs in rural areas. As part of the collaborative research developed by the members of the “WG1—Rural NEETs Social Networks and Social Inclusion” of the Rural NEET Youth Network, we identified five promising community-based projects in Portugal, Italy, Sweden, North Macedonia, and Lithuania and conducted semi-structured interviews with the project coordinators. Our analysis showed that the identified projects take into account the different levels of the bioecological model and the need to involve how young people and local communities. Both these factors are crucial for their success and sustainability over time.
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22.
  • Fleishmann, Fenella, et al. (author)
  • Gender Inequalities in the Education of the Second Generation in Western Countries
  • 2014
  • In: Sociology of education. - : Sage Publications. - 0038-0407 .- 1939-8573. ; 87:3, s. 143-170
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Drawing on comparative analyses from nine Western countries, we ask whether local-born children from a wide range of immigrant groups show patterns of female advantage in education that are similar to those prevalent in their host Western societies. We consider five outcomes throughout the educational career: test scores or grades at age 15, continuation after compulsory schooling, choice of academic track in upper-secondary education, completion of upper secondary, and completion of tertiary education. Despite great variation in gender gaps in education in immigrants’ origin countries (with advantages for males in many cases), we find that the female advantage in education observed among the majority population is usually present among second-generation immigrants. We interpret these findings in light of ideas about gender role socialization and immigrant selectivity.
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23.
  • Frida, Jonsson, 1979- (author)
  • Underlying genetic mechanisms of hereditary dystrophies in retina and cornea
  • 2017
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Inherited retinal and corneal dystrophies represent a group of disorders with great genetic heterogeneity. Over 250 genes are associated with retinal diseases and 16 genes are causative of corneal dystrophies. This thesis is focused on finding the genetic causes of corneal dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), Stargardt disease and retinitis pigmentosa in families from northern Sweden.  By whole exome sequencing a novel mutation, c.2816C>T, p.Thr939Ile, in Collagen Type XVII, Alpha 1 chain, COL17A1, gene was identified in several families with epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED). We showed that the COL17A1 protein is expressed in the basement membrane of the cornea, explaining the mutation involvement in the corneal symptoms. We could link all the families in this study to a couple born in the late 1700s confirming a founder mutation in northern Sweden. Our finding highlights role of COL17A1 in ERED and suggests screening of this gene in patients with similar phenotype worldwide. Furthermore the genetic causes in several retinal degenerations were identified. In one family with two recessive disorders, LCA and Stargardt disease, a novel stop mutation, c.2557C>T, p.Gln853Stop, was detected in all LCA patients. In the Stargardt patients two intronic variants, the novel c.4773+3A>G and c.5461-10T>C, were detected in the ABCA4 gene. One individual was homozygous for the known variant c.5461-10T>C and the other one was compound heterozygote with both variants present. Both variants, c.4773+3A>G and c.5461-10T>C caused exon skipping in HEK293T cells demonstrated by in vitro splice assay, proving their pathogenicity in Stargardt disease. Finally, in recessive retinitis pigmentosa, Bothnia Dystrophy (BD), we identified a second mutation in the RLBP1 gene, c.677T>A, p.Met226Lys. Thus, BD is caused not only by common c.700C>T variant but also by homozygosity of c.677T>A or compound heterozygosity. Notably, known variant, c.40C>T, p.R14W in the CAIV gene associated with a dominant retinal dystrophy RP17 was detected in one of the compound BD heterozygote and his unaffected mother. This variant appears to be a benign variant in the population of northern Sweden.In conclusion, novel genetic causes of retinal dystrophies in northern Sweden were found demonstrating the heterogeneity and complexity of retinal diseases. Identification of the genetic defect in COL17A1 in the corneal dystrophy contributes to understanding ERED pathogenesis and encourages refinement of IC3D classification. Our results provide valuable information for future molecular testing and genetic counselling of the families.
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24.
  • Goicolea, Isabel, et al. (author)
  • The Promise of Belonging : Racialized Youth Subject Positions in the Swedish Rural North
  • 2023
  • In: Journal of International Migration and Integration. - : Springer. - 1488-3473 .- 1874-6365. ; 24, s. 695-713
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This article analyses how youth subject positions of the ‘racialized other’ are produced, and how these positions interconnect with the concept of belonging to the rural community. We do this by analysing 15 group discussions with 63 young people living in rural areas in northern Sweden taking a discursive psychology approach, and focusing on how discourses produce certain subject positions of ‘the racialized other’. Drawing on the concepts of the politics of belonging and the ‘stranger’, we argue that discourses on belonging to the (rural) community create boundaries that exclude ‘other’ youth, as well as resistance and contestation. The subject positions that such discourses produce represent racialized youth in stereotypical ways and imply a promise of belonging for certain ‘others’ based on their fulfilment of particular norms. However, such a depoliticized promise of belonging that places the responsibility for becoming integrated on the ‘others’ was also challenged. Firstly, in relation to criticisms of the welfare system, and secondly, in relation to racism as an unwelcome threat in rural communities.
  •  
25.
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26.
  • Jackson, Michelle, et al. (author)
  • Ethnic Inequality and Choice-Driven Educational Systems : A Longitudinal Study of Performance and Choice in England and Sweden
  • 2012
  • In: Sociology of education. - : Sage Publications. - 0038-0407 .- 1939-8573. ; 85:2, s. 158-178
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The authors ask whether choice-driven education systems, with comprehensive schools and mass education at the secondary and tertiary level, represented in this article by England and Sweden, provide educational opportunities for ethnic minorities. In studying educational attainment, the authors make a theoretical distinction between mechanisms connected with school performance on the one hand (primary effects) and educational choice, given performance, on the other (secondary effects). Using large national data sets and recently developed methods, they show that performance effects tend to depress the educational attainment of most, although not all, ethnic minorities, whereas choice effects increase the transition rates of these students. This pattern is repeated at the transition to university education. These results are true for many immigrant categories in both England and Sweden, although immigrant students are a heterogeneous group. Black Caribbean students in England and children of Turkish and South American descent in Sweden fare worst, while several Asian groups do extremely well. The authors conclude that it may be a generic feature of choice-driven school systems in Western societies to benefit non-European immigrants, and they discuss some possible explanations for this.
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27.
  • Jensen Wolfhechel, Ola, 1965-, et al. (author)
  • Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer – en förstudie : rapport från ett FoU-projekt
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Syftet med föreliggande förstudie har varit att ta fram ett underlag inför ett kommande tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt. Bakgrunden är att Riksantikvarieämbetet under 1940-1980-talen genomförde omfattande arkeologiska, men även naturvetenskapliga och etnologiska, undersökningar vid Norrlands älvar och sjöar som ett led i vattenkraftsutbyggnaden. Materialet kom under 1960-1980-talen att bearbetas tillsammans med Stockholms universitet inom ramen för det tvärvetenskapliga projektet Norrlands Tidiga Bebyggelse. Insatserna resulterade i ett rikt material som idag förvaras i Riksantikvarieämbetets arkiv. Då stora delar av Norrland alltjämt är antikvariskt eftersatta utgör det ett mycket viktigt källmaterial för både forskning och förvaltning av dess kulturmiljöer.Det långsiktiga målet med förstudien och det kommande projektet är att skapa ett kunskapsunderlag för forskning och redskap för landskapsanalyser som leder till ett hållbart bevarande och förvaltning av Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer. Inom förstudien har en rad viktiga forsknings- och förvaltningsområden identifierats. För att ta fram ett adekvat underlag inför ansökan har den bland annat mynnat ut i olika förslag på strategier för det kommande projektets genomförande och finansiering, en fördjupning av frågor som rör förvaltning av vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer, utvecklat tvärvetenskapliga forskningsfrågor, tagit fram en digitaliseringsstrategi, formaliserat ett nätverk och en referensgrupp, genomfört en behovsanalys samt en inventering för att identifiera relevant arkivmaterial inom projektdeltagarnas respektive institutioner. Med förstudien har vi således lagt grunden till ett tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt som inkluderar kulturmiljöförvaltning, arkeologi, etnologi, sociologi och naturveten-skapliga ämnen, däribland miljö- och klimatforskning.
  •  
28.
  • Joffrin, E., et al. (author)
  • Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
  • 2019
  • In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
  •  
29.
  • Johansson, Erika, et al. (author)
  • Let’s Try Social Prescribing in Sweden (SPiS) : an Interventional Project Targeting Loneliness among Older Adults Using a Model for Integrated Care: A Research Protocol
  • 2021
  • In: International Journal of Integrated Care. - : Ubiquity Press. - 1568-4156. ; 21:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction: Loneliness and social isolation among older adults (≥65) are an emerging issue of public concern, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Today there is no systematic intervention developed, implemented or evaluated in Sweden addressing loneliness. The overall aim for this project is to develop, test and refine a person-centred Swedish model for social prescribing (SPiS), and to assess whether and how it reduces loneliness, promotes health and improves well-being among older adults.Description: The focus will be to develop, culturally adapt, evaluate and refine the SPiS model. Following the sequential structure of realist evaluation in three consecutive phases qualitative and quantitative data along with subsequent analysis methods will be collected and utilized. The project will provide knowledge of what works with the social prescribing model, for whom, in what conditions and why, in relation to loneliness, health and well-being among older adults.Discussion: SPiS has the unique position of providing initial knowledge regarding how to reduce loneliness in the Swedish context. However, evaluation is complex as this research goes beyond the unidimensional question “Is it working?”.Conclusion: Developing, implementing and evaluating such a complex program needs systematic and close evaluation.
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30.
  • Jonsson, A, et al. (author)
  • Assessing the effect of interaction between an FTO variant (rs9939609) and physical activity on obesity in 15,925 Swedish and 2,511 Finnish adults.
  • 2009
  • In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 52:7, s. 1334-1338
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Recent reports have suggested that genotypes at the FTO locus interact with physical activity to modify levels of obesity-related traits. We tested this hypothesis in two non-diabetic population-based cohorts, the first from southern Sweden and the second from the Botnia region of western Finland. METHODS: In total 2,511 Finnish and 15,925 Swedish non-diabetic middle-aged adults were genotyped for the FTO rs9939609 variant. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaires and standard clinical procedures were conducted, including measures of height and weight and glucose regulation. Tests of gene x physical activity interaction were performed using linear interaction effects to determine whether the effect of this variant on BMI is modified by physical activity. RESULTS: The minor A allele at rs9939609 was associated with higher BMI in both cohorts, with the per allele difference in BMI being about 0.13 and 0.43 kg/m(2) in the Swedish and Finnish cohorts, respectively (p < 0.0001). The test of interaction between physical activity and the rs9939609 variant on BMI was not statistically significant after controlling for age and sex in either cohort (Sweden: p = 0.71, Finland: p = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The present report does not support the notion that physical activity modifies the effects of the FTO rs9939609 variant on obesity risk in the non-diabetic Swedish or Finnish adults studied here.
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31.
  • Jonsson, Frida, 1979-, et al. (author)
  • ABCA4 intronic variants c.4773+3A and c.5461-10T>C cause Stargardt disease due to defective splicing. : Intronic ABCA4 variants cause splice defects in Stargardt disease
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) represent a group of progressive conditions affecting the retina. There is a great genetic heterogeneity causing IRD and to-date more than 250 genes are associated with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked IRD. Stargardt disease (#248200) or macular degeneration with flecks, type 1, STGD1 is associated with early onset, central visual impairment, frequent appearance of yellowish flecks and mutations in ABCA4 gene. In this study, two intronic variants potentially causing the Stargardt disease were functionally tested in HEK293T and ARPE-19 cells using in vitro splice minigene assay. The two variants, c.4773+3A>G and c.5461-10T>C in the ABCA4 gene encoding ATP binding cassette sub-family A, member 4 protein, responsible for transport of a vitamin A precursor in the photoreceptors of the retina, were present in two Stargardt patients, members of the same Swedish family. It was suggested that the disease in one of the patients was caused by homozygous variant c.5461-10T>C and by both variants, in the other patient. The c.5461–10T>C, the third most common variant in STGD1 patients always segregating with the disease was proposed to be a polymorphism, a risk allele and finally, a disease-associated mutation, though its functional impact remained unknown for a long time. Functional analysis of the ABCA4 variants are complicated due to predominant expression of the ABCA4  in photoreceptors, which means no affected tissue can be easily obtained from the patients.This study provides the evidence that c.4773+3A>G and c.5461-10T>C cause aberrant splicing and are indeed disease-causative variants.
  •  
32.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Are neighbourhood inequalities in adult health explained by socio-economic and psychosocial determinants in adolescence and the subsequent life course in northern Sweden? : A decomposition analysis
  • 2018
  • In: Health and Place. - : Elsevier. - 1353-8292 .- 1873-2054. ; 52, s. 127-134
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study explains neighbourhood deprivation inequalities in adult health for a northern Swedish cohort by examining the contribution of socio-economic and psychosocial determinants from adolescence (age 16), young adulthood (age 21) and midlife (age 42) to the disparity. Self-reported information from 873 participants was drawn from questionnaires, with complementary neighbourhood register data. The concentration index was used to estimate the inequality while decomposition analyses were run to attribute the disparity to its underlying determinants. The results suggest that socio-economic and psychosocial factors in midlife explain a substantial part, but also that the inequality can originate from conditions in adolescence and young adulthood.
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33.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 4 intronic variants c.4773+3A > G and c.5461-10T > C cause Stargardt disease due to defective splicing
  • 2018
  • In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 96:7, s. 737-743
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PurposeInherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) represent a group of progressive conditions affecting the retina. There is a great genetic heterogeneity causing IRDs, and to date, more than 260 genes are associated with IRDs. Stargardt disease, type 1 (STGD1) or macular degeneration with flecks, STGD1 represents a disease with early onset, central visual impairment, frequent appearance of yellowish flecks and mutations in the ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A, member 4 (ABCA4) gene. A large number of intronic sequence variants in ABCA4 have been considered pathogenic although their functional effect was seldom demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to reveal how intronic variants present in patients with Stargardt from the same Swedish family affect splicing.MethodsThe splicing of the ABCA4 gene was studied in human embryonic kidney cells, HEK293T, and in human retinal pigment epithelium cells, ARPE‐19, using a minigene system containing variants c.4773+3A>G and c.5461‐10T>C.ResultsWe showed that both ABCA4 variants, c.4773+3A>G and c.5461‐10T>C, cause aberrant splicing of the ABCA4 minigene resulting in exon skipping. We also demonstrated that splicing of ABCA4 has different outcomes depending on transfected cell type.ConclusionTwo intronic variants c.4773+3A>G and c.5461‐10T>C, both predicted to affect splicing, are indeed disease‐causing mutations due to skipping of exons 33, 34, 39 and 40 of ABCA4 gene. The experimental proof that ABCA4 mutations in STGD patients affect protein function is crucial for their inclusion to future clinical trials; therefore, functional testing of all ABCA4 intronic variants associated with Stargardt disease by minigene technology is desirable.
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34.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Collective imaginaries of caring landscapes for rural youth : a concept mapping study in northern Sweden
  • 2021
  • In: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 21
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: In the current study, the approach of ‘utopia as method’ was combined with the concept ‘landscapes of care’ to explore collective imaginaries of caring landscapes in relation to young people living in rural northern Sweden, while focusing specifically on what such landscapes should ideally look like, and how various strategies could help to realise the visions.Methods: The research was conducted using a modified concept mapping methodology comprising three phases of data collection and analysis. This facilitated the integration of tacit knowledge and utopian visions of young people, professionals and policymakers living and working in various parts of northern Sweden.Results: The results indicated that caring landscapes should: ‘provide services responsive to young people’s wishes and needs’, ‘be organised around values of safety, equity and youth participation’, and ‘rework metro-centredness’ in order to care for, with and about rural youth.Conclusions: The findings can be viewed as an imaginary reconstitution of communities in rural northern Sweden, but also as hypothetical building blocks to be used for developing caring landscapes and a ‘good countryside’ where young people have the possibility to live a good life in decent health.
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35.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Conducting research with young people at the margins : lessons learnt and shared through case studies in Cambodia, India, Sweden and Zambia
  • 2022
  • In: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Building on the value of engaging with and enabling the participation of marginalised young people in research, theaim of this article was to profle practical and procedural issues faced when conducting studies with young peoplewho experience some form of marginalisation. Drawing on observations and research experiences from four diversecase studies involving young people who were either imprisoned in Cambodia, living in informal urban communitiesin North India, residing in rural northern Sweden or attending school in rural Zambia, learnings were identifed underthree thematic areas. Firstly, a need exists to develop trusting relationships with stakeholders, and especially the participating young people, through multiple interactions. Secondly, the value of research methods that are creative andcontext sensitive are required to make the process equitable and meaningful for young people. Thirdly, it is importantto fatten power relations between adults and young people, researchers and the researched, to maximise participation. These fndings can inform future youth research in the feld of global public health by detailing opportunitiesand challenges of engaging in research with young people on the margins to promote their participation.
  •  
36.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Genetic heterogeneity and clinical outcome in a Swedish family with retinal degeneration caused by mutations in CRB1 and ABCA4 genes
  • 2014
  • In: Retinal Degenerative Diseases. - New York, NY : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9781461432098 - 9781461432081 ; , s. 177-183
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Genetic mechanisms underlying severe retinal dystrophy in a large Swedish family presenting two distinct phenotypes, Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease were investigated. In the family, four patients with Leber congenital amaurosis were homozygous for a novel c.2557C>T (p.Q853X) mutation in the CRB1 gene, while of two cases with Stargardt disease, one was homozygous for c.5461-10T>C in the ABCA4 gene and another was a compound heterozygous for c.5461-10T>C and a novel ABCA4 mutation c.4773+3 A>G. Sequence analysis of the entire ABCA4 gene in patients with Stargardt disease revealed complex alleles with additional sequence variants.Our results provide evidence of genetic complexity causative of different clinical features present in the same family, which is an obvious challenge for ophthalmologists, molecular geneticists and genetic counsellors.
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37.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • How can community-based (re)engagement initiatives meet the needs of ‘NEET’ young people? Findings from the theory gleaning phase of a realist evaluation in Sweden
  • 2022
  • In: BMC Research Notes. - : BioMed Central. - 1756-0500. ; 15:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: There has been a lack of systematic and theoretically underpinned evaluations, internationally and in Sweden, of local multi-component initiatives delivered outside public employment services and formal education systems to young people who are not in employment, education or training (‘NEETs’). To bridge this knowledge gap, the objective of this study was to present findings from the theory gleaning phase of a realist evaluation aimed at assessing how Swedish community-based initiatives may work to (re)engage vulnerable ‘NEET’ young people in education or employment, under what conditions and why.Results: Based on insights gleaned and synthesised from various sources, three candidate programme theories were elicited drawing attention to the importance of community-based initiatives in Sweden adopting a ‘caring approach’, a ‘capability approach’ and a ‘collaborative approach’ to (re)engage ‘NEET’ young people in education or employment. While limited to the initial phase of theory gleaning, the study provides valuable insights into the potential functioning of (re)engagement initiatives directed towards vulnerable ‘NEETs’ in addition to increasing the transparency of a highly iterative research project.
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38.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Intragenerational social mobility and functional somatic symptoms in a northern Swedish context : analyses of diagonal reference models
  • 2017
  • In: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-9276. ; 16
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Research indicate that social class mobility could be potentially important for health, but whether this is due to the movement itself or a result of people having been integrated in different class contexts is, to date, difficult to infer. In addition, although several theories suggest that transitions between classes in the social hierarchy can be stressful experiences, few studies have empirically examined whether such movements may have health effects, over and above the implications of "being" in these classes. In an attempt to investigate whether intragenerational social mobility is associated with functional somatic symptoms in mid-adulthood, the current study tests three partially contrasting theories.METHOD: The dissociative theory suggests that mobility in general and upward mobility in particular may be linked to psychological distress, while the falling from grace theory indicates that downward mobility is especially stressful. In contrast, the acculturation theory holds that the health implications of social mobility is not due to the movement itself but attributed to the class contexts in which people find themselves. Diagonal Reference Models were used on a sample of 924 individuals who in 1981 graduated from 9(th) grade in the municipality of Luleå, Sweden. Social mobility was operationalized as change in occupational class between age 30 and 42 (measured in 1995 and 2007). The health outcome was functional somatic symptoms at age 42, defined as a clustering self-reported physical symptoms, palpitation and sleeping difficulties during the last 12 months.RESULTS: Overall mobility was not associated with higher levels of functional somatic symptoms compared to being immobile (p = 0.653). After controlling for prior and current class, sex, parental social position, general health, civil status, education and unemployment, the association between downward mobility was borderline significant (p = 0.055) while upward mobility was associated with lower levels of functional somatic symptoms (p = 0.03).CONCLUSION: The current study did not find unanimous support for any of the theories. Nevertheless, it sheds light on the possibility that upward mobility may be beneficial to reduce stress-related health problems in mid-life over and above the exposure to prior and current class, while downward mobility can be of less importance for middle-age health complaints.
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39.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Landscapes of care and despair for rural youth : a qualitative study in the northern Swedish 'periphery'
  • 2020
  • In: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-9276. ; 19:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: This study emerges as a response to the lack of youth perspectives when it comes to discussions about access to and experiences of health and social services in rural areas. It subsequently contributes to the literature by positioning young people at the centre of this debate, and by taking a more holistic approach to the topic than is typically the case. Specifically, based on the idea that a good life in proper health for young people may be contingent on notions of care that are bounded up in multi-layered social and spatial environments, the aim of this study was to explore what characterises 'landscapes of care' for rural youth.METHODS: In this qualitative study, the participants included young people and professionals residing in five diverse areas across the northern Swedish 'peripheral' inland. Individual interviews (16 in total) and focus group discussions (26 in total) were conducted with 63 youth aged 14-27 years and with 44 professionals operating across sectors such as health centres, school health, integration units, youth clinics and youth clubs. Following an emergent design and using thematic analysis, we developed one main theme, 'landscapes of care and despair', comprising the two themes: '(dis)connectedness' and 'extended support or troubling gaps'.RESULTS: The findings illustrate how various health-promoting and potentially harmful aspects acting at structural, organisational and interpersonal levels contributed to dynamic landscapes characterised simultaneously by care and despair. In particular, our study shows how rural youths' feelings of belongingness to people and places coupled with opportunities to participate in society and access practical and emotional support appear to facilitate their care within rural settings. However, although the results indicate that some in the diverse group of rural youth were cared for and about, a negative picture was painted in parallel. These aspects of despair included youths' senses of exclusion and marginalisation, degrading attitudes towards them and their problems, as well as recurrent gaps in the provision and practices of care.CONCLUSIONS: To gain a more comprehensive understanding about the health of rural youth, this study highlights the benefits investigating 'care-ful' and 'uncaring' aspects bounded up in dynamic and multi-layered landscapes.
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40.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Life Course Pathways of Adversities Linking Adolescent Socioeconomic Circumstances and Functional Somatic Symptoms in Mid-Adulthood : A Path Analysis Study
  • 2016
  • In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • While research examining the health impact of early socioeconomic conditions suggests that effects may exist independently of or jointly with adult socioeconomic position, studies exploring other potential pathways are few. Following a chain of risk life course model, this prospective study seeks to examine whether pathways of occupational class as well as material and social adversities across the life course link socioeconomic disadvantage in adolescent to functional somatic symptoms in mid-adulthood. Applying path analysis, a multiple mediator model was assessed using prospective data collected during 26 years through the Northern Swedish Cohort. The sample contained 987 individuals residing in the municipality of Lulea, Sweden, who participated in questionnaire surveys at age 16, 21, 30 and 42. Socioeconomic conditions (high/low) in adolescence (age 16) were operationalized using the occupation of the parents, while occupational class in adulthood (manual/nonmanual) was measured using the participant's own occupation at age 21 and 30. The adversity measurements were constructed as separate age specific parcels at age 21 and 30. Social adversity included items pertaining to stressful life events that could potentially harm salient relationships, while material adversity was operationalized using items concerning unfavorable financial and material circumstances. Functional somatic symptoms at age 42 was a summary measure of self-reported physical symptoms, palpitation and sleeping difficulties that had occurred during the last 12 months. An association between socioeconomic conditions at age 16 and functional somatic symptoms at age 42 (r = 0.068) which was partially explained by people's own occupational class at age 21 and then material as well as social adversity at age 30 was revealed. Rather than proposing a direct and independent health effect of the socioeconomic conditions of the family, the present study suggests that growing up in an unfavorable socioeconomic environment might be a source for a chain of adverse material and social living situations, which in turn affects adult health.
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41.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • More than meets the eye : a critical discourse analysis of a Swedish health system reform
  • 2023
  • In: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6963. ; 23:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: In line with international trends acknowledging the importance of Primary Health Care (PHC) for improving population health and reducing health inequalities, the Swedish health system is undergoing a restructuring towards the coordinated development of a modern, equitable, accessible, and effective system, with PHC principles and functions at its core. Since discursive analyses of documents underpinning PHC reforms are scarce in Sweden and beyond, the aim of this study was to explore how the reorientation towards good quality and local health care has been represented in official government reports.METHODS: Based on a policy-as-discourse analysis, four Swedish Government Official Reports underpinning the good quality and local health care reform were interrogated following four questions of Bacchi's "What's the Problem Represented to be?" (WPR) approach. By applying the first WPR question, concrete proposals guiding the reorientation were identified, analyzed and thematized into candidate problem representations. These problem representations were then analyzed in relation to previous empirical and conceptual research considering WPR questions two and three, which resulted in the development of three problem representations. Potential silences that the problem representations might produce were then identified by applying WPR question four.RESULTS: The three problem representations connected the Swedish health system "problem" to a narrow mission, a siloed structure, and a front-line service disconnected, especially from the needs and preferences of individual patients. By representing the problem along these lines, the analysis also illustrated how the policy reorientation towards good quality and local health care risk silencing important PHC aspects such as health promotion, equitable access, and human resources.CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that as discursively framed within concrete proposals, government official reports in Sweden represent the health system problem in particular ways and with these problem representations overlooking several aspects that are central to a health system characterized by PHC principles and functions. In the continued reorientation towards good quality and local health care, these silences might need to be acknowledged.
  •  
42.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Mutations in Collagen, Type XVII, Alpha 1 (COL17A1) Cause Epithelial Recurrent Erosion Dystrophy (ERED)
  • 2015
  • In: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 36:4, s. 463-473
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Corneal dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that bilaterally affect corneal transparency. They are defined according to the corneal layer affected and by their genetic cause. In this study, we identified a dominantly inherited epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED)-like disease that is common in northern Sweden. Whole-exome sequencing resulted in the identification of a novel mutation, c.2816C>T, p.T939I, in the COL17A1 gene, which encodes collagen type XVII alpha 1. The variant segregated with disease in a genealogically expanded pedigree dating back 200 years. We also investigated a unique COL17A1 synonymous variant, c.3156C>T, identified in a previously reported unrelated dominant ERED-like family linked to a locus on chromosome 10q23-q24 encompassing COL17A1. We show that this variant introduces a cryptic donor site resulting in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing and is highly likely to be pathogenic. Bi-allelic COL17A1 mutations have previously been associated with a recessive skin disorder, junctional epidermolysis bullosa, with recurrent corneal erosions being reported in some cases. Our findings implicate presumed gain-of-function COL17A1 mutations causing dominantly inherited ERED and improve understanding of the underlying pathology.
  •  
43.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Non-homologous recombination between Alu and LINE-1 repeats results in a 91 kb deletion in MERTK causing severe retinitis pigmentosa
  • 2018
  • In: Molecular Vision. - 1090-0535. ; 24, s. 667-678
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents a large group of inherited retinal diseases characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Among patients with RP in northern Sweden, we identified two severely affected siblings and aimed to reveal a genetic cause underlying their disease.Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on both affected individuals. Sequence variants were filtered using a custom pipeline to find a rare or novel variant predicted to affect protein function. Genome-wide genotyping was used to identify copy number variants (CNVs) and homozygous regions with potential disease causative genes.Results: WES uncovered a novel heterozygous variant in the MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase (MERTK) gene, c.2309A>G, p.Glu770Gly located in the tyrosine kinase domain and predicted to be likely pathogenic. The second variant, a large heterozygous deletion encompassing exons 1 to 7 of the MERTK gene, was revealed with genome-wide genotyping. The CNV analysis suggested breakpoints of the deletion, in the 5′-untranslated region and in intron 7. We identified genomic sequences at the site of the deletion as part of L1ME4b (LINE/L1) and AluSx3 that indicated a non-homologous recombination as a mechanism of the deletion evolvement.Conclusions: Patients with RP in this study were carriers of two novel allelic mutations in the MERTK gene, a missense variant in exon 17 and an approximate 91 kb genomic deletion. Mapping of the deletion breakpoints allowed molecular testing of a cohort of patients with RP with allele-specific PCR. These findings provide additional information about mutations in MERTK for molecular testing of unsolved recessive RP cases and highlight the necessity for analysis of large genomic deletions.
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44.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Novel mutations in CRB1 and ABCA4 genes cause Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease in a Swedish family
  • 2013
  • In: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 21:11, s. 1266-1271
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study aimed to identify genetic mechanisms underlying severe retinal degeneration in one large family from northern Sweden, members of which presented with early-onset autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and juvenile macular dystrophy. The clinical records of affected family members were analysed retrospectively and ophthalmological and electrophysiological examinations were performed in selected cases. Mutation screening was initially performed with microarrays, interrogating known mutations in the genes associated with recessive retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease. Searching for homozygous regions with putative causative disease genes was done by high-density SNP-array genotyping, followed by segregation analysis of the family members. Two distinct phenotypes of retinal dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease were present in the family. In the family, four patients with Leber congenital amaurosis were homozygous for a novel c.2557C>T (p.Q853X) mutation in the CRB1 gene, while of two cases with Stargardt disease, one was homozygous for c.5461-10T>C in the ABCA4 gene and another was carrier of the same mutation and a novel ABCA4 mutation c.4773+3A>G. Sequence analysis of the entire ABCA4 gene in patients with Stargardt disease revealed complex alleles with additional sequence variants, which were evaluated by bioinformatics tools. In conclusion, presence of different genetic mechanisms resulting in variable phenotype within the family is not rare and can challenge molecular geneticists, ophthalmologists and genetic counsellors.
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45.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Representing a Fading Welfare System that Is Failing Young People in 'NEET' Situations : a WPR Analysis of Swedish Youth Policies
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Applied Youth Studies. - : Springer. - 2204-9193 .- 2204-9207.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The situation of young people who are neither in employment, education nor training (referred to in political, scientific and public discourses as ‘NEETs’) has received widespread attention during the last decade. However, while policy responses to young people’s work- and school-related marginalisation have been analysed by international scholars in a variety of contexts, to the best of our knowledge, no study to date has scrutinised problem representations of ‘NEET’ young people in youth policies in Sweden. To bridge the current knowledge gap and uncover taken-for-granted assumptions about the otherwise largely unchallenged Nordic welfare model, the aim of this research was to explore how the ‘problem’ of ‘NEET’ young people is represented in Swedish policies and policy proposals. To facilitate this, a discursive approach to policy analysis was adopted, following Bacchi’s ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ (WPR) methodology. By focusing on the solutions that have been proposed to reduce the size of the ‘NEET’ group in two selected policies, four problem representations were developed. These connect the ‘NEET’ problem in Sweden, at the general level, to the ‘vulnerability’ of young people on the margins of education and employment (especially certain sub-groups) and, more specifically, to the failure of a fading welfare system to provide services and support for these ‘vulnerable’ subjects. Beyond representing the ‘problem’ along these lines, the identified problem representations may contribute to silencing young people’s agency and ignoring the consequences of a growing labour-market precarisation in Sweden, while failing to provide a basis for equity and social justice.
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46.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Rural-urban differences in health among youth in northern Sweden : an outcome-wide epidemiological approach
  • 2019
  • In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 78
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this research was to contribute knowledge about rural-urban differences in health among young northern Swedish women and men. This study was based on the 2014 "Health on Equal Terms" survey, distributed in the four northernmost counties of Sweden, with complementary information on areas of residence classified as rural, semi-urban and urban from total population registers. The analytical sample included 2,691 individuals who were selected using a probabilistic sampling method. Prevalence ratios were calculated in multivariable log-binomial regression analyses to measure the association between place of residence and nine outcomes covering three health dimensions (general, mental and lifestyle behaviours). The results indicated that daily smoking and being overweight were more common, while feelings of stress and psychological distress were less prevalent, among youths in rural as compared to urban areas. After including covariates, this pattern appeared stronger for young women, although the direction of the results also applied to young men, albeit without revealing significant differences. In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate that for youths - particularly young women - the rural setting may imply an increased risk of poor general health and lifestyle behaviours, while simultaneously playing a partially protective role for mental health.
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47.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Social capital across the life course and functional somatic symptoms in mid-adulthood
  • 2014
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:7, s. 581-588
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim: To examine social capital across life and functional somatic symptoms in middle-age, according to life-course models of cumulative risk and sensitive periods.Methods: Data from the 26-year prospective study the Northern Swedish Cohort enabled complete case analyses on 940 individuals (451 women and 489 men) participating in questionnaire surveys at ages 16, 21, 30 and 42. Social capital was operationalized at the individual level, comprising items on social participation, social influence and social support. Functional somatic symptoms were a summary measure of self-reported physical symptoms, palpitation and sleeping difficulties occuring during the 12 months prior to the data collection. Linear regression was used as the main statistical method, examining the relationship between functional somatic symptoms at age 42 and social capital across life.Results: Lower levels of social capital accumulated over the life course were associated with higher levels of functional somatic symptoms at age 42, for both women and men. Social capital was, especially among adolescent men, related to functional somatic symptoms at age 42, independently of social capital later in life and baseline material circumstances.Conclusions: The health impact of poor social capital may be due to accumulation across the life course and to adolescence being a particularly sensitive period. It is relevant for preventive work to acknowledge effects of social capital throughout life.
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48.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Strengthening Community Health Systems Through Novel eHealth Initiatives? Commencing a Realist Study of the Virtual Health Rooms in Rural Northern Sweden
  • 2022
  • In: International Journal of Health Policy and Management. - : Maad Rayan Publishing Company. - 2322-5939. ; 11:1, s. 39-48
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Unlike the large body of research that has examined the ‘success’ or ‘failure’ of eHealth in terms of patientand provider perceptions or cost- and clinical effectiveness, the current study teases out ways through which a noveleHealth initiative in rural northern Sweden might result in more distal or systemic beneficial outcomes. More specifically,this paper aims to explore how and under what circumstances the so-called virtual health rooms (VHRs) are expectedto improve access to person-centred care and strengthen community health systems, especially for elderly residents ofrural areas.Methods: The first phase of the realist evaluation methodology was conducted, involving qualitative interviews with 8key stakeholders working with eHealth, business development, digitalisation, and process management. Using thematicanalysis and following an abductive-retroductive analytical process, an intervention-context-actor-mechanism-outcome(ICAMO) configuration was developed and elicited into an initial programme theory.Results: The findings indicate that a novel eHealth initiative, which provides reliable technologies in a customizedfacility that connects communities and providers, might improve access to person-centred care and strengthencommunity health systems for rural populations. This is theorized to occur if mechanisms acting at individual (suchas knowledge, skills and trust) and collective (like a common vision and shared responsibilities) levels are triggered incontexts characterised by supportive societal transitions, sufficient organisational readiness and the harnessing of ruralcohesiveness and creativity.Conclusion: The elicited initial programme theory describes and explains how a novel eHealth initiative in ruralnorthern Sweden is presumed to operate and under what circumstances. Further testing, refinements and continuedgradual building of theory following the realist evaluation methodology is now needed to ascertain if the ‘VHRs’ work asintended, for whom, in what conditions and why.
  •  
49.
  • Jonsson, Frida, 1988- (author)
  • The presence of the past : a life course approach to the social determinants of health and health inequalities in northern Sweden
  • 2018
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Background: Positioned at the intersection between the social and life course epidemiological sub-fields, this thesis builds on the idea that the health implications of life and living conditions can extend over years and decades before becoming expressed in the population patterns of ill-health. The overall purpose was to assess how multiple types of social determinants of health across the life course may contribute to ill-health and health inequalities in midlife. Several gaps in knowledge served as the basis for four research questions that focused on: 1) the intermediate role of socio-economic, material and psychosocial factors in young adulthood, in the long-term association between adolescent socio-economic position and midlife ill-health; 2) the implications of poor social capital in adolescence and accumulated over the life course for midlife ill-health; 3) the consequences of intra-generational social mobility for midlife ill-health and 4) the contribution of socio-economic, material and psychosocial circumstances in adolescence, young adulthood and middle-age to midlife neighbourhood deprivation inequalities in ill-health.Methods: The setting of the thesis is Sweden spanning over nearly three decades, from the early 1980s and until the mid-2010s. With information drawn from the Northern Swedish Cohort the study population consists of 1,083 pupils (506 girls and 577 boys) who attended, or should have attended, the last year of compulsory school in 1981. The data used came from questionnaires answered by the participants in the follow-ups at the ages of 16 (in 1981), 21 (in 1986), 30 (in 1995) and 42 (in 2007). The attrition rate was low with 1,010 out of the 1,071 students who were alive over the 26-years participated in all waves (94.3%). Data was also included from the Swedish registers for the same ages as the surveys on the participants’ neighbourhoods and sociodemographic characteristics on all other residents in these areas. The health outcome was functional somatic symptoms, referring to the occurrence of common physical complaints such as musculoskeletal pain, headache, palpitations and fatigue. To capture various social determinants of health, socio-economic, material and psychosocial factors were operationalised as main exposures. The research questions were analysed using: 1) path analysis, 2) multiple linear regression, 3) diagonal reference models and 4) a decomposition analysis.Results: With regard to the four research questions, the results firstly indicated that the long-term association between adolescent socio-economic position and midlife ill-health was linked by socio-economic position in young adulthood and further via material and psychosocial factors in middle-age. Secondly, that poor social capital in adolescence also could play a role in the development of adult illhealth, but that this influence seem to be largely dependent on recent or current conditions in adulthood. Thirdly, that downward mobility in the socio-economic hierarchy during middle-age may have little to no health implications, while upward movements could have a small positive effect on health. Fourthly, that ill-health was concentrated in more socio-economically deprived neighbourhoods and that this inequality was to a small extent attributed to conditions in earlier life period and mainly to factors in adulthood.Conclusions: Based on patterns cutting across the original research questions, the findings from this thesis indicate broadly that socio-economic, material and psychosocial conditions may be meaningful for midlife ill-health and health disparities, jointly and independently from each other. The results also suggests that determinants in the present on the surface appear to be more important for midlife ill-health and health inequalities than those of the past, but at the same time that life circumstances in the earlier life course may not be irrelevant. Rather than representing permanent or resilient health implications, however, the long-term influence of adolescent conditions seem to reflect mainly social processes that are conditional on recent or concurrent adult factors. In sum, the results indicate that a continuum of various life and living conditions may be a key phenomenon underlying ill-health and health disparities in midlife. Specifically, this thesis illustrates how the past may become part of the present through the accumulation and chains of unfavourable circumstances over the life course and conversely, how the present health reflects and embodies a life-long past.
  •  
50.
  • Jonsson, Frida, et al. (author)
  • “We believe in you, like really believe in you” : Initiating a realist study of (re)engagement initiatives for youth not in employment, education or training with experiences from northern Sweden
  • 2020
  • In: Evaluation and Program Planning. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7189 .- 1873-7870. ; 83
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Due to a scarcity of rigorous evaluations and to commence a realist study addressing the lack of knowledge about the workings of interventions directed towards "NEET" youth, this research aimed to understand how and under what circumstances (re)engagement initiatives are expected to facilitate the social integration of young people who are in a situation that prevents them from entering into studies or work. By conducting the first phase in realist evaluation, qualitative interviews with five managerial stakeholders from two northern Swedish initiatives and reviews of documents were carried out for data collection. Using thematic analysis and retroductive reasoning, an intervention-context-actors-mechanisms-outcomes configuration was developed to elicit an initial programme theory that explained how the initiatives were presumed to operate and under what contextual contingencies. The results indicate that the intervention is expected to improve the youths’ wellbeing and engage them in work or studies by strengthening their competence and confidence in a caring and collaborative context. To incorporate the diverse voices and heterogeneous experiences of youth themselves, and ascertain whether the intervention works as intended, for whom, in what conditions and why, the results now need to be tested in selected cases and refined in subsequent phases of evaluation research.
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