| 1. |
- Otero, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
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Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 20:1, s. 61-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater ('parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water ('smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes.
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Bror, et al.
(författare)
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A review of the likely effects of climate change on anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta, with particular reference to water temperature and flow
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 75, s. 2381-2447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper reviews the effects of water temperature and flow on migrations, embryonic development, hatching, emergence, growth and life-history traits in light of the ongoing climate change with emphasis on anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta. The expected climate change in the Atlantic is for milder and wetter winters, with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow, decrease in ice-covered periods and frequent periods with extreme weather. Overall, thermal limits for salmonids are species specific. Scope for activity and growth and optimal temperature for growth increase with temperature to an optimal point before constrain by the oxygen content of the water. The optimal temperature for growth decreases with increasing fish size and varies little among populations within species, whereas the growth efficiency may be locally adapted to the temperature conditions of the home stream during the growth season. Indirectly, temperature influences age and size at smolting through its effect on growth. Time of spawning, egg hatching and emergence of the larvae vary with temperature and selective effects on time of first feeding. Traits such as age at first maturity, longevity and fecundity decrease with increasing temperature whilst egg size increases with temperature. Water flow influences the accessibility of rivers for returning adults and speed of both upstream and downstream migration. Extremes in water flow and temperature can decrease recruitment and survival. There is reason to expect a northward movement of the thermal niche of anadromous salmonids with decreased production and population extinction in the southern part of the distribution areas, migrations earlier in the season, later spawning, younger age at smolting and sexual maturity and increased disease susceptibility and mortality. Future research challenges are summarized at the end of the paper.
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric competition drives lake use of coexisting salmonids
- 2008
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 157:4, s. 553-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To what degree are population differences in resource use caused by competition and the occupation of adjacent positions along environmental gradients evidence of competition? Habitat use may be the result of a competitive lottery, or restricted by competition. We tested to what extent population differences in habitat use of two salmonids, cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) were influenced by interspecific competition. We hypothesized that the depth distribution of Dolly Varden charr would be affected by competition from the more littoral and surface-oriented cutthroat trout, and that the depth distribution of cutthroat trout would be little affected by competition from Dolly Varden charr. Sympatric populations of cutthroat trout and Dolly Varden charr were created by reciprocal transfers of previously allopatric populations in two experimental lakes. We found evidence of asymmetric competition, as Dolly Varden charr were displaced from littoral habitats when sympatric with cutthroat trout, whereas cutthroat trout remained unaffected by the presence of Dolly Varden charr. Evolved differences between the species, and differences between experimental lakes, also contributed to population differences in habitat use, but asymmetric competition remained as the main driver of different depth distributions in sympatry.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Growth
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 137-209
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Early environment influences later performance in fishes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 85:2, s. 155-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditions fish encounter during embryogenesis and early life history can leave lasting effects not only on morphology, but also on growth rate, life-history and behavioural traits. The ecology of offspring can be affected by conditions experienced by their parents and mother in particular. This review summarizes such early impacts and their ecological influences for a variety of teleost species, but with special reference to salmonids. Growth and adult body size, sex ratio, egg size, lifespan and tendency to migrate can all be affected by early influences. Mechanisms behind such phenotypically plastic impacts are not well known, but epigenetic change appears to be one central mechanism. The thermal regime during development and incubation is particularly important, but also early food consumption and intraspecific density can all be responsible for later life-history variation. For behavioural traits, early experiences with effects on brain, sensory development and cognition appear essential. This may also influence boldness and other social behaviours such as mate choice. At the end of the review, several issues and questions for future studies are given.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Nature
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 517-566
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat Use
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 67-135
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Habitats as Template for Life Histories
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. ; , s. 1-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Maturation and Spawning
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 327-414
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Migrations
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 247-325
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Jonsson, Bror, et al.
(författare)
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Migratory timing, marine survival and growth of anadromous brown trout Salmo trutta in the River Imsa, Norway
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 74:3, s. 621-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper was to study sea migration, growth and survival of brown trout Salmotrutta of the River Imsa, 1976–2005. The migratory S. trutta were individually tagged and fishleaving or entering the river were monitored daily in traps located near the river mouth. Themean annual duration of the sea sojourn was 6–9 months for first-time migrants moving to seabetween January and June. It was 8–18 months for those migrating to sea between July andDecember. Veteran migrants stayed 12 months or less at sea and most returned to the river inAugust. Early ascending fish stayed the longest in fresh water because most returned to sea inApril to May. The day number of 50% cumulative smolt descent correlated negatively withmean water temperature in February to March and the February North Atlantic Oscillationindex (NAOI). Mean annual sea growth during the first 2 years after smolting was higher for S.trutta spending the winter at sea than those wintering in the River Imsa. First year's sea growthwas lower for S. trutta descending in spring than autumn. For first-time migrants, it correlatednegatively with the February NAOI of the smolt year. Sea survival was higher for spring thanautumn descending first-time migratory S. trutta with a maximum in May (149%). Number ofanadromous S. trutta returning to the river increased linearly with the size of the cohort movingto sea, with no evidence of density-dependent sea mortality. Sea survival of S. trutta smoltsmoving to sea between January and June correlated positively both with the annual number ofAtlantic Salmo salar smolts, the specific growth rate at sea, and time of seaward migration inspring. This is the first study indicating how environmental factors at the time of seawardmigration influence the sea survival of S. trutta.
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| 15. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Naturally and hatchery produced European trout Salmo trutta : do their marine survival and dispersal differ?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Coastal Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1400-0350 .- 1874-7841. ; 18, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested whether marine survival and migration pattern differed between naturally and hatchery produced European trout Salmo trutta of different origins. The hatchery fish were released 150 m above the river estuary of the southwestern, Norwegian River Imsa, the home of the local population. Recaptures were used as proxy for survival. Wild and local hatchery fish survived better than transplanted hatchery stocks. Trout that were 1 year at release survived less well than 2-year olds, and small individuals less well than larger ones. Relative to their body size at release, populations that originated most distant from the River Imsa, the Baltic River Emån and the Norwegian mountain Lake Tunhovd, exhibited the poorest sea survival. At sea, trout chiefly moved less than 240 km from the river of release, but there were significant differences in dispersal among populations. Hatchery-produced River Emån and Lake Tunhovd trout moved farther from the River Imsa than the south Norwegian sea trout populations, and the marine distributions of the former were similar to that of the natural River Imsa trout. Large fish moved farther from the river than smaller ones. Straying to other rivers was low among wild and local hatchery-produced fish, and significantly lower than among most transplanted populations, and River Emån trout in particular. Thus, the River Imsa trout appeared better adapted to survival under the local conditions than non-local trout with consequences for optimal population management.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Jonsson, Bror, et al.
(författare)
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Production of juvenile salmonids in small Norwegian streams is affected by agricultural land use
- 2011
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 56, s. 2529-2542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. We estimated the biomass and production of juvenile anadromous brown trout (Salmotrutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (parr) in 12 streams in the Skagerrak area ofNorway to identify controlling environmental factors, such as land-use and waterchemistry.2. Production estimates correlated positively with fish density in early summer, but notwith the size of the catchment. The summer biomass of age-0 brown trout and Atlanticsalmon was smaller than that of age-1 and constituted 27.4 and 25.7%, respectively, of thetotal biomass of the two groups.3. Mean production of brown trout from July to September varied between streams, but inmost cases it was below 2 g 100 m)2 day)1. Yearly cohort production from age-0 in July toage-1 in July was 10 g m)2 or less, with mean annual production of 1.32 g 100 m)2 day)1,equivalent to 4.8 g m)2 year)1. The corresponding annual cohort production of Atlanticsalmon was 0.38 g 100 m)2 day)1 or 1.4 g m)2 year)1. Annual production to biomass ratio(P⁄B) for brown trout of the same cohort in the various streams was between 1.47 and 4.37;the overall mean (±SD) for all streams was 2.25 ± 0.94. Mean turnover rate of Atlanticsalmon was 2.73 ± 0.24.4. Production of 0+ brown trout during the summer correlated significantly with thepercentage of agricultural land and forest⁄bogs in the catchment, with maxima at 20 and75%, respectively. Age-0 brown trout production also correlated with concentration ofnitrogen and calcium in the water, with maxima at 2.4 and 14 mg L)1, respectively.5. The results support the hypothesis that brown trout parr production reflects the qualityof their habitat, as indicated by the dome-shaped relationship between percentage ofagricultural land and the concentration of nitrogen and calcium in the water.
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| 18. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment, Mortality and Longevity
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 473-515
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Restoration and Enhancement of Salmonid Populations and Habitats with Special Reference to Atlantic Salmon
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Challengesfor Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment. - : American Fisheries Society. - 9781934874080
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a 2007 international symposium, this book reviews the biology, ecology, human importance, and management and conservation of diadromous fishes with the goal of providing innovative interpretations and opportunities for sustainability. Because diadromous fishes use different environments and migration corridors to complete their life history in ocean and freshwater environments, they are particularly vulnerable to direct and indirect consequences of human development and global climate change.Also presents new ecological and evolutionary concepts and experimental and modeling tools that advance understanding of the significance and the resilience of the diadromy life history strategies within ecosystems. Considers creative approaches for habitat protection and restoration to sustain stocks in the future.
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| 20. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Smolts and Smolting
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 211-245
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Species Diversity
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400711884 ; , s. 23-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Thinlip grey mullet Liza ramada (Mugilidae) caught in a small Norwegian stream
- 2008
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Ingår i: Fauna Norvegica. - 1502-4873 .- 1891-5396. ; 26/27, s. 31-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two individuals of thinlip grey mulletLiza ramada were collected in a southern Norwegian brook(58° 22’ N, 8° 37’ E) on 12th September 2007. The fish were 8.7 and 9.0 cm in total length, 6 and 7g in total mass, and most probably in their first year of life. The nearest known spawning area of thespecies is south of the English Channel, meaning that they had probably moved at least 900 km acrossthe North Sea during their first growth season. To our knowledge, this is the first published observationof the catadromous thinlip grey mullet from a Scandinavian freshwater course.
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| 23. |
- Jonsson, Bror, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Winter temperature and food quality affect age and size at maturity in ectotherms: an experimentaltest with Atlantic salmon
- 2012
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. - : Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans; National Research Council Canada, National Research Council Canada. - 0706-652X .- 1205-7533. ; 69:11, s. 1817-1826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field studies have revealed that many ectotherms mature younger and smaller in warmer environments although they grow faster. This has puzzled ecologists because the direct effect of factors that accelerate growth is expected to be larger, not smaller size. We tested this experimentally for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at two winter temperatures and diets. Logistic regression revealed that the probability of maturation during the second year in sea water, relative to the probability of older maturation, increased with temperature and growth rate during the first winter. Also, large size and high condition factor 1 year prior to maturation stimulated maturation. In females, a high lipid diet increased the probability of maturation as one-sea-winter fish, and there were significant interactions between winter temperature and food quality and between body size and condition factor the first autumn in sea water. Thus, if the direct effect of temperature on growth rate is the main effect of warming, salmon are likely to attain maturity younger and smaller. Also, richer food decreased age at maturation in females. This finding has consequences for interpretations of climate change impacts on age at maturity in Atlantic salmon and may also hold for many other ectotherm species.Salmo salar) at two winter temperatures anddiets. Logistic regression revealed that the probability of maturation during the second year in sea water, relative to theprobability of older maturation, increased with temperature and growth rate during the first winter. Also, large size andhigh condition factor 1 year prior to maturation stimulated maturation. In females, a high lipid diet increased the probability ofmaturation as one-sea-winter fish, and there were significant interactions between winter temperature and food quality andbetween body size and condition factor the first autumn in sea water. Thus, if the direct effect of temperature on growth rate isthe main effect of warming, salmon are likely to attain maturity younger and smaller. Also, richer food decreased age atmaturation in females. This finding has consequences for interpretations of climate change impacts on age at maturity in Atlantic salmon and may also hold for many other ectotherm species.
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| 24. |
- Jonsson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Time and size at seaward migration influence the sea survival of Salmo salar
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 84:5, s. 1457-1473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether time of seaward migration of young Atlantic salmon Salmo salar influences their subsequent survival and growth was investigated in the River Imsa, south-western Norway. Salmo salar were tagged when moving downstream through a trap near the outlet between 1976 and 2010 and recaptured on their adult return. Most descended as smolts in April and May, but some descended during the other months of the year. Annual variation in timing of the smolt migration was significantly correlated with variation in water temperature during spring. Mean total body length of the descending S. salar varied with month of seaward migration. The sea survival of S. salar emigrating from the River Imsa between January and May was 2·8 times higher than for those descending between June and December. The sea survival of the various cohorts decreased with increasing river temperature in April to May, prior to the smolt migration, and decreasing day number when the smolts moved to sea. The size of smolts descending the river between April and May did not affect the survival at sea as much as it affected the survival of migrants descending in any other month of the year. The majority of the downstream migrating S. salar were 2 years old, but proportionally, more 1 year olds moved downstream in the autumn than in the rest of the year. Mean duration between downstream migration of the young and the return migration of the grilse was shortest (12·7 months) for those descending in July and August and longest for those descending in October (21 months). Mean monthly specific growth rate was highest for those migrating downstream between May and July and lowest for those emigrating in September. Based on the present results, it was hypothesized that S. salar emigrating between April and August migrated directly out into the ocean, while those that emigrated between October and March stayed in the estuary until the subsequent spring.
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| 25. |
- Aberšek, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Calprotectin levels in amniotic fluid in relation to intra-amniotic inflammation and infection in women with preterm labor with intact membranes: A retrospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7654 .- 0301-2115. ; 272, s. 24-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the concentrations of calprotectin in amniotic fluid with respect to intra-amniotic inflammation and infection and to assess the presence or absence of bacteria in the amnio-chorionic niche with respect to presence or absence of intra-amniotic inflammation. Study design: Seventy-nine women with singleton pregnancies and preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) were included in the study. Amniotic fluid was collected at the time of admission by amniocentesis and calprotectin levels were analyzed from frozen/thawed samples using ELISA. Interleukin (IL)-6 concentration was measured by point-of-care test. Samples from amniotic fluid and the amnio-chorionic niche (space between amniotic and chorionic membranes) were microbiologically analyzed. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) was diagnosed based on a positive PCR result for Ureaplasma species, Mycoplasma hominis, 16S rRNA or positive culture. Intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) was defined as amniotic fluid point-of-care IL-6 concentration ≥ 745 pg/mL. The cohort of included women was divided into 4 subgroups based on the presence or absence of IAI/MIAC; i) intra-amniotic infection, ii) sterile IAI, iii) intra-amniotic colonization and iv) neither MIAC nor IAI. Results: Women with intra-amniotic infection had a significantly higher intra-amniotic calprotectin concentration (median; 101.6 µg/mL) compared with women with sterile IAI (median; 9.2 µg/mL), women with intra-amniotic colonization (median; 2.6 µg/mL) and women with neither MIAC nor IAI (median 4.6 µg/mL) (p = 0.001). Moreover, significantly higher amniotic fluid calprotectin concentration was seen in women who delivered within 7 days (p = 0.003). A significant negative correlation was found between amniotic fluid calprotectin and gestational age at delivery (rho = 0.32, p = 0.003). Relatively more bacteria in the amnio-chorionic niche were found in the sterile IAI group compared with the other groups. Conclusions: Calprotectin concentrations in amniotic fluid were significantly higher in the intra-amniotic infection group compared with the other groups. Moreover, the bacterial presence in the amnio-chorionic niche was higher in IAI group.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Berg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Prednisolone on Sequelae in Bell's Palsy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. - 0886-4470 .- 1538-361X. ; 138:5, s. 443-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study whether prednisolone reduces sequelae in Bell's palsy. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial with 12 months of follow-up. Setting: Seventeen referral centers. Patients: In all, 829 patients aged 18 to 75 years. Interventions: Randomization within 72 hours in a factorial fashion to placebo plus placebo (n=206); prednisolone, 60 mg/d for 5 days, with the dosage then tapered for 5 days, plus placebo (n=210); valacyclovir hydrochloride, 1000 mg 3 times daily for 7 days, plus placebo (n=207); or prednisolone plus valacyclovir (n=206). Main Outcome Measures: Facial function at 12 months assessed with the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann grading systems. Results: In 184 of the 829 patients, the Sunnybrook score was less than 90 at 12 months; 71 had been treated with prednisolone and 113 had not (P<.001). In 98 patients, the Sunnybrook score was less than 70; 33 had received prednisolone and 65 had not (P<.001). The difference between patients who received prednisolone and who did not in House-Brackmann gradings higher than I and higher than II was also significant (P<.001 and P=.01, respectively). No significant difference was found between patients who received prednisolone and those who did not in Sunnybrook scores less than 50 (P=.10) or House-Brackmann grades higher than III (P=.80). Synkinesis was assessed with the Sunnybrook score in 743 patients. Ninety-six patients had a synkinesis score more than 2, of whom 33 had received prednisolone and 63 had not (P=.001). Sixty patients had a synkinesis score more than 4, of whom 22 had received prednisolone and 38 had not (P=.005). Conclusion: Prednisolone significantly reduces mild and moderate sequelae in Bell's palsy.
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| 28. |
- Berggren, Steve, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion recognition training in autism spectrum disorder : A systematic review of challenges related to generalizability.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 21:3, s. 141-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the generalizability of findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating emotion recognition (ER) training for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).METHODS: We present a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the determinants of external validity in RCTs on ER training. Generalizability of the findings across situations, populations, settings, treatment delivery, and intervention formats was considered.RESULTS: We identified 13 eligible studies. Participants were predominantly boys with ASD in the normative IQ range (IQ > 70), with an age span from 4 to 18 years across studies. Interventions and outcome measures were highly variable. Several studies indicated that training may improve ER, but it is still largely unknown to what extent training effects are translated to daily social life.CONCLUSION: The generalizability of findings from currently available RCTs remains unclear. This underscores the importance of involving children with ASD and their caregivers in informed treatment decisions.
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| 29. |
- Bohm-Starke, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a core outcome set for treatment studies for provoked vestibulodynia.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Medicine. - : Oxford University Press. - 1743-6095 .- 1743-6109. ; 21:6, s. 556-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is an inconsistency in treatment outcomes used in clinical trials for provoked vestibulodynia (PVD), which makes it impossible to compare the effects of different interventions.AIM: In this study, we completed the first step in creating a core outcome set (COS), defining what outcomes should be measured in clinical trials for PVD.METHODS: Identification of outcomes used in studies was done by extracting data from clinical trials in a recently published systematic review and via review of clinical trials for PVD registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The COS process consisted of 2 rounds of Delphi surveys and a consensus meeting, during which the final COS was decided through a modified nominal group technique.OUTCOMES: Consensus on what outcomes to include in a COS for PVD.RESULTS: Forty scientific articles and 92 study protocols were reviewed for outcomes. Of those, 36 articles and 25 protocols were eligible, resulting in 402 outcomes, which were then categorized into 63 unique outcomes. Participants consisted of patients, relatives/partners of patients, health care professionals, and researchers. Out of 463 who registered for participation, 319 and 213 responded to the first and second surveys, respectively. The consensus meeting consisted of 18 members and resulted in 6 outcomes for the COS to be measured in all treatment trials regardless of intervention: insertional pain (nonsexual), insertional pain (sexual), provoked vulvar pain by pressure/contact, pain-related interference on one's life, pain interference on sexual life, and sexual function.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Critical outcomes to be measured in clinical trials will allow for accurate comparison of outcomes across treatment interventions and provide solid treatment recommendations.STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The major strengths of the study are the adherence to methodological recommendations and the intentional focus on aspects of diversity of participating stakeholders (eg, status such as patients with lived experience and researchers, inclusiveness with respect to sexual identity), the latter of which will allow for broader application and relevance of the COS. Among the limitations of the study are the low rate of participants outside North America and Europe and the lower response rate (about 50%) for the second Delphi survey.CONCLUSION: In this international project, patients, health care professionals, and researchers have decided what critical outcomes are to be used in future clinical trials for PVD. Before the COS can be fully implemented, there is also a need to decide on how and preferably when the outcomes should be measured.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Bylund, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Life in Bell's Palsy : Correlation with Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann Over Time
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 131:2, s. E612-E618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo compare patient‐graded facial and social/well‐being function with physician‐graded facial function in Bell's palsy over time.Study DesignA prospective follow‐up study at two tertiary otorhinolaryngological centers.MethodsA total of 96 patients, 36 women and 60 men, aged 18–77 years, were included. Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale and Facial Disability Index (FDI) scores were compared with Sunnybrook and House‐Brackmann scores.ResultsInclusion was on mean day 7 (96 patients) and follow‐up on days 53 (81 patients) and 137 (32 patients). Initially, correlations between FaCE total score, FaCE domains, FDI physical function, FDI social/well‐being function and Sunnybrook and House‐Brackmann scores were low to fair, except for FaCE facial movement (r = 0.55). Correlations between FaCE total score and Sunnybrook score were very good to excellent at visits 2 (r = 0.83) and 3 (r = 0.81). Women scored FaCE social and FDI social/well‐being function lower than men, despite similar Sunnybrook scores.ConclusionIn early stages of Bell's palsy, there were low to fair correlations between FaCE/FDI (except for facial movement) and Sunnybrook score. This implies that the design of the quality of life (QoL) instruments is less suited for the acute phase. The high correlations at follow‐ups suggest that the questionnaires can be used for evaluation of QoL over time. Our results indicate that women experience more facial palsy‐related psychosocial dysfunction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E612–E618, 2021
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| 32. |
- Bylund, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Synkinesis in Bell's palsy in a randomised controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Otolaryngology. - : Wiley. - 1749-4478 .- 1365-2273. ; 42:3, s. 673-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the development of synkinesis in Bell's palsy. Frequency, severity, gender aspects and predictors were analysed.DESIGN: Data from the randomised controlled Scandinavian Bell's palsy trial including 829 patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency and severity of synkinesis at 12 months were the main outcome measures. Mean Sunnybrook synkinesis scores, voluntary movement scores and composite scores between 6 and 12 months were compared.RESULTS: In 743 patients with a 12-month follow-up, synkinesis frequency was 21.3%. There was no gender difference. Synkinesis was moderate to severe in 6.6% of patients. Those with synkinesis at 6 months had a synkinesis score of 4.1 (±2.8 sd), which increased to 4.7 (±3.2) (P = 0.047) at 12 months (n = 93). Sunnybrook composite score at 1 month was the best predictor for synkinesis development with receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve (AUC) 0.87. Risk for synkinesis increased with a lower Sunnybrook composite score. Furthermore, at 1 month, symmetry of voluntary movement had higher predictive value for synkinesis than resting symmetry with AUC 0.87 and 0.77, respectively. Gentle eye closure and open-mouth smile were the only independent significant predictive items (AUC 0.86).CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-to-severe synkinesis was present in 6.6% of patients. The mean synkinesis score increased between 6 and 12 months, and outcome should therefore be evaluated after at least 12 months. Sunnybrook composite score and symmetry of voluntary movement at 1 month were good predictors for synkinesis.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Godhe, Anna, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Physical barriers and environmental gradients cause spatial and temporal genetic differentiation of an extensive algal bloom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 43:6, s. 1130-1142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To test if a phytoplankton bloom is panmictic, or whether geographical and environmental factors cause spatial and temporal genetic structure.Location: Baltic Sea.Method: During four cruises, we isolated clonal strains of the diatom Skeletonema marinoifrom 9 to 10 stations along a 1132 km transect and analysed the genetic structure using eight microsatellites. Using F-statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis we determined if samples were significantly differentiated. A seascape approach was applied to examine correlations between gene flow and oceanographic connectivity, and combined partial Mantel test and RDA based variation partitioning to investigate associations with environmental gradients.Results: The bloom was initiated during the second half of March in the southern and the northern- parts of the transect, and later propagated offshore. By mid-April the bloom declined in the south, whereas high phytoplankton biomass was recorded northward. We found two significantly differentiated populations along the transect. Genotypes were significantly isolated by distance and by the south–north salinity gradient, which illustrated that the effects of distance and environment were confounded. The gene flow among the sampled stations was significantly correlated with oceanographic connectivity. The depletion of silica during the progression of the bloom was related to a temporal population genetic shift.Main conclusions: A phytoplankton bloom may propagate as a continuous cascade and yet be genetically structured over both spatial and temporal scales. The Baltic Sea spring bloom displayed strong spatial structure driven by oceanographic connectivity and geographical distance, which was enhanced by the pronounced salinity gradient. Temporal transition of conditions important for growth may induce genetic shifts and different phenotypic strategies, which serve to maintain the bloom over longer periods.
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| 35. |
- Grönwall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Selection and characterization of Affibody ligands binding to Alzheimer amyloid beta peptides
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 128:1, s. 162-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody (Affibody) ligands specific for human amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides (40 or 42 amino acid residues in size), involved in the progress of Alzheimer's disease, were selected by phage display technology from a combinatorial protein library based on the 58-amino acid residue staphylococcal protein A-derived Z domain. Post-selection screening of 384 randomly picked clones, out of which 192 clones were subjected to DNA sequencing and clustering, resulted in the identification of 16 Affibody variants that were produced and affinity purified for ranking of their binding properties. The two most promising Affibody variants were shown to selectively and efficiently bind to Abeta peptides, but not to the control proteins. These two Affibody ligands were in dimeric form (to gain avidity effects) coupled to affinity resins for evaluation as affinity devices for capture of Abeta peptides from human plasma and serum. It was found that both ligands could efficiently capture Abeta that were spiked (100 microgml(-1)) to plasma and serum samples. A ligand multimerization problem that would yield suboptimal affinity resins, caused by a cysteine residue present at the binding surface of the Affibody ligands, could be circumvented by the generation of second-generation Affibody ligands (having cysteine to serine substitutions). In an epitope mapping effort, the preferred binding site of selected Affibody ligands was mapped to amino acids 30-36 of Abeta, which fortunately would indicate that the Affibody molecules should not bind the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In addition, a significant effort was made to analyze which form of Abeta (monomer, dimer or higher aggregates) that was most efficiently captured by the selected Affibody ligand. By using Western blotting and a dot blot assay in combination with size exclusion chromatography, it could be concluded that selected Affibody ligands predominantly bound a non-aggregated form of analyzed Abeta peptide, which we speculate to be dimeric Abeta. In conclusion, we have successfully selected Affibody ligands that efficiently capture Abeta peptides from human plasma and serum. The potential therapeutic use of these optimized ligands for extracorporeal capture of Abeta peptides in order to slow down or reduce amyloid plaque formation, is discussed.
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| 36. |
- Gullberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A single coxsackievirus B2 capsid residue controls cytolysis and apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 84:12, s. 5868-5879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coxsackievirus B2 (CVB2), one of six human pathogens of the group B coxsackieviruses within the enterovirus genus of Picornaviridae, causes a wide spectrum of human diseases ranging from mild upper respiratory illnesses to myocarditis and meningitis. The CVB2 prototype strain Ohio-1 (CVB2O) was originally isolated from a patient with summer grippe in the 1950s. Later on, CVB2O was adapted to cytolytic replication in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Here, we present analyses of the correlation between the adaptive mutations of this RD variant and the cytolytic infection in RD cells. Using reverse genetics, we identified a single amino acid change within the exposed region of the VP1 protein (glutamine to lysine at position 164) as the determinant for the acquired cytolytic trait. Moreover, this cytolytic virus induced apoptosis, including caspase activation and DNA degradation, in RD cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the host cell adaptation process of CVB2O and provide a valuable tool for further studies of virus-host interactions.
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| 37. |
- Gullberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a putative ancestor of coxsackievirus B5.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 84, s. 9695-9708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Like other RNA viruses, coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) exists as circulating heterogeneous populations of genetic variants. In this study, we present the reconstruction and characterization of a probable ancestral virion of CVB5. Phylogenetic analyses based on capsid protein encoding regions (the VP1 gene of 41 clinical isolates and the entire P1 region of eight clinical isolates) of CVB5 revealed two major co-circulating lineages. Ancestral capsid sequences were inferred from sequences of these contemporary CVB5 isolates using maximum likelihood methods. By using Bayesian phylodynamic analysis, the inferred VP1 ancestral sequence was dated back to 1854 (1807-1898). In order to study the properties of the putative ancestral capsid, the entire ancestral P1 sequence was synthesized de novo and inserted into the replicative backbone of an infectious CVB5 cDNA clone. Characterization of the recombinant virus in cell culture showed that fully functional infectious virus particles were assembled and that these viruses displayed properties similar to those of modern isolates, in terms of receptor preferences, plaque phenotype, growth characteristics and cell tropism. This is the first report describing resurrection and characterization of a picornavirus with a putative ancestral capsid. Our approach, including phylogenetics-based reconstruction of viral predecessors, could serve as a starting point for experimental studies of viral evolution and might also provide an alternative strategy in the development of vaccines.
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| 38. |
- Haugen, Ida K., et al.
(författare)
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Development of radiographic classification criteria for hand osteoarthritis : a methodological report (Phase 2)
- 2022
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Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesIn Phase 1 of developing new hand osteoarthritis (OA) classification criteria, features associated with hand OA were identified in a population with hand complaints. Radiographic findings could better discriminate patients with hand OA and controls than clinical examination findings. The objective of Phase 2 was to achieve consensus on the features and their weights to be included in three radiographic criteria sets of overall hand OA, interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA.MethodsMultidisciplinary, international expert panels were convened. Patient vignettes were used to identify important features consistent with hand OA. A consensus-based decision analysis approach implemented using 1000minds software was applied to identify the most important features and their relative importance influencing the likelihood of symptoms being due to hand OA. Analyses were repeated for interphalangeal and thumb base OA. The reliability and validity of the proposed criteria sets were tested.ResultsThe experts agreed that the criteria sets should be applied in a population with pain, aching or stiffness in hand joint(s) not explained by another disease or acute injury. In this setting, five additional criteria were considered important: age, morning stiffness, radiographic osteophytes, radiographic joint space narrowing and concordance between symptoms and radiographic findings. The reliability and validity were very good.ConclusionRadiographic features were considered critical when determining whether a patient had symptoms due to hand OA. The consensus-based decision analysis approach in Phase 2 complemented the data-driven results from Phase 1, which will form the basis of the final classification criteria sets.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Huang, Shan, et al.
(författare)
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Low concentrations of citrate reduce complement and granulocyte activation in vitro in human blood
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Kidney Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2048-8505 .- 2048-8513. ; 8:1, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The use of acetate in haemodialysis fluids may induce negative effects in patients including nausea and increased inflammation. Therefore, haemodialysis fluids where acetate is substituted with citrate have recently been developed. In this study, we investigated the biocompatibility of citrate employing concentrations used in haemodialysis.METHODS:The effects of citrate and acetate were investigated in human whole blood in vitro under conditions promoting biomaterial-induced activation. Complement activation was measured as generation of C3a, C5a and the sC5b-9 complex, and granulocyte activation as up-regulation of CD11b expression. For the experimental set-up, a mathematical model was created to calculate the concentrations of acetate and citrate attained during haemodialysis.RESULTS:Citrate reduced granulocyte activation and did not induce higher complement activation compared with acetate at concentrations attained during haemodialysis. Investigating different citrate concentrations clearly showed that citrate is a potent complement inhibitor already at low concentrations, i.e. 0.25 mM, which is comparable with concentrations detected in the blood of patients during dialysis with citrate-containing fluids. Increased citrate concentration up to 6 mM further reduced the activation of C3a, C5a and sC5b-9, as well as the expression of CD11b.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that citrate is a promising substitute for acetate for a more biocompatible dialysis, most likely resulting in less adverse effects for the patients.
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| 41. |
- Huang, Shan, et al.
(författare)
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Reciprocal relationship between contact and complement system activation on artificial polymers exposed to whole human blood.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 77, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inappropriate and uncontrolled activation of the cascade systems in the blood is a driving force in adverse inflammatory and thrombotic reactions elicited by biomaterials, but limited data are available on the activation of the contact system by polymers and the present study was undertaken to investigate these mechanisms in established models.METHODS: Polymer particles were incubated in (1) EDTA-plasma (10 mM) to monitor the adsorption of 20 selected proteins; (2) lepirudin-anticoagulated plasma to evaluate contact system activation, monitored by the formation of complexes between the generated proteases factor[F]XIIa, FXIa and kallikrein and the serpins C1-inhibitor [C1INH] and antithrombin [AT]; (3) lepirudin-anticoagulated whole blood to determine cytokine release.RESULTS: Strong negative correlations were found between 10 cytokines and the ratio of deposited FXII/C1INH, generated FXIIa-C1INH complexes, and kallikrein-C1INH complexes. Formation of FXIIa-C1INH complexes correlated negatively with the amount of C3a and positively with deposited IgG.CONCLUSIONS: A reciprocal relationship was found between activation of the contact system and the complement system induced by the polymers studied here. The ratios of FXII/C1INH or C4/C4BP, adsorbed from EDTA-plasma are useful surrogate markers for cytokine release and inflammatory response to materials intended for blood contact.
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| 42. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Generating structure specific networks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Advances in Complex Systems. - : World Scientific Publishing Company. - 0219-5259. ; 13:2, s. 239-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theoretical exploration of network structure significance requires a range of different networks for comparison. Here, we present a new method to construct networks in a spatial setting that uses spectral methods in combination with a probability distribution function. Nearly all previous algorithms for network construction have assumed randomized distribution of links or a distribution dependent on the degree of the nodes. We relax those assumptions. Our algorithm is capable of creating spectral networks along a gradient from random to highly clustered or diverse networks. Number of nodes and link density are specified from start and the structure is tuned by three parameters (gamma, sigma, kappa). The structure is measured by fragmentation, degree assortativity, clustering and group betweenness of the networks. The parameter gamma regulates the aggregation in the spatial node pattern and sigma and kappa regulates the probability of link forming.
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| 43. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of animal welfare by strategic analysis and logistic optimisation of animal slaughter transportation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 25:2, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transportation of animals to slaughterhouses is a major welfare concern. The number of slaughterhouses has decreased over time in Europe due to centralisation. This is expected to increase transport time for animals and as a consequence negatively affect animal welfare. We propose an optimisation model based on a facility location model to perform strategic analysis to improve transportation logistics. The model is tested on the Swedish slaughter transport system. We show that, by strategic planning and redirection of transports while keeping the slaughterhouse capacities as of the originaldata, the potential exists to reduce transport distance by 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. Furthermore, we demonstrated that approximately 50% of Swedish slaughterhouses can be shut down with a minimal effect on total transport distances. This implies that in terms of the overall welfare picture, the decision of which animals to send where plays a for more significant role than the number of slaughterhouses. In addition, by changing relative weights on distances in the optimisation function the amount of individualtransports with longjourney times can be decreased. We also show results from altered slaughterhouse capacity and geographical location of slaughterhouses. This is the first time an entire country has been analysed in great detail with respect to the location, capacity and number of slaughterhouses. The focus is mainly on the analysis of unique and detailed information of actual animal transports in Sweden and a demonstration of the potential impact redirection of the transports and/ or altering of slaughterhouses can have on animal welfare.
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| 44. |
- Håkansson, Nina
(författare)
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Network analysis and optimization of animal transports
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about animal transports and their effect on animal welfare. Transports are needed in today’s system of livestock farming. Long transports are stressful for animals and infectious diseases can spread via animal transports. With optimization methods transport times can be minimized, but there is a trade-off between short distances for the animals and short distances for the trucks. The risk of disease spread in the transport system and disease occurrence at farms can be studied with models and network analysis.The animal transport data and the quality of the data in the Swedish national database of cattle and pig transports are investigated in the thesis. The data is analyzed regarding number of transports, number of farms, seasonality, geographical properties, transport distances, network measures of individual farms and network measures of the system. The data can be used as input parameters in epidemic models.Cattle purchase reports are double reported and we found that there are incorrect and missing reports in the database. The quality is improving over the years i.e. 5% of cattle purchase reports were not correctly double reported in 2006, 3% in 2007 and 1% in 2008. In the reports of births and deaths of cattle we detected date preferences; more cattle births and deaths are reported on the 1st, 10th and 20th each month. This is because when we humans don’t remember the exact number we tend to pick nice numbers (like 1, 10 and 20). This implies that the correct date is not always reported.Network analysis and network measures are suggested as tools to estimate risk for disease spread in transport systems and risk of disease introduction to individual holdings. Network generation algorithms can be used together with epidemic models to test the ability of network measures to predict disease risks. I have developed, and improved, a network generation algorithm that generates a large variety of structures.In my thesis I also suggest a method, the good choice heuristic, for generating non-optimal routes. Today coordination of animal transports is neither optimal nor random. In epidemic simulations we need to model routes as close to the actual driven routes as possible and the good choice heuristic can model that. The heuristic is tuned by two parameters and creates coordination of routes from completely random to almost as good as the Clarke and Wright heuristic. I also used the method to make the rough estimate that transport distances for cattle can be reduced by 2-24% with route-coordination optimization of transports-to-slaughter.Different optimization methods can be used to minimize the transport times for animal-transports in Sweden. For transports-to-slaughter the strategic planning of “which animals to send where” is the first step to optimize. I investigated data from 2008 and found that with strategic planning, given the slaughterhouse capacity, transport distances can be decreased by about 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. The slaughterhouse capacity and placement are limiting the possibility to minimize transport times for the animals. The transport distances could be decreased by 60% if all animals were sent to the closest slaughterhouse 2008. Small-scale and mobile slaughterhouses have small effect on total transport work (total transport distance for all the animals) but are important for the transport distances of the animals that travel the longest.
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| 45. |
- Israelsson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Cytolytic replication of echoviruses in colon cancer cell lines
- 2011
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Ingår i: Virology Journal. - 1743-422X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, killing nearly 50% of patients afflicted. Though progress is being made within surgery and other complementary treatments, there is still need for new and more effective treatments. Oncolytic virotherapy, meaning that a cancer is cured by viral infection, is a promising field for finding new and improved treatments. We have investigated the oncolytic potential of several low-pathogenic echoviruses with rare clinical occurrence. Echoviruses are members of the enterovirus genus within the family Picornaviridae.METHODS: Six colon cancer cell lines (CaCo-2, HT29, LoVo, SW480, SW620 and T84) were infected by the human enterovirus B species echovirus 12, 15, 17, 26 and 29, and cytopathic effects as well as viral replication efficacy were investigated. Infectivity was also tested in spheroids grown from HT29 cells.RESULTS: Echovirus 12, 17, 26 and 29 replicated efficiently in almost all cell lines and were considered highly cytolytic. The infectivity of these four viruses was further evaluated in artificial tumors (spheroids), where it was found that echovirus 12, 17 and 26 easily infected the spheroids.CONCLUSIONS: We have found that echovirus 12, 17 and 26 have potential as oncolytic agents against colon cancer, by comparing the cytolytic capacity of five low-pathogenic echoviruses in six colon cancer cell lines and in artificial tumors.
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| 46. |
- Israelsson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Improved replication efficiency of echovirus 5 after transfection of colon cancer cells using an authentic 5' RNA genome end methodology
- 2014
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Ingår i: Investigational new drugs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6997 .- 1573-0646. ; 32:6, s. 1063-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising novel form of cancer treatment, but the therapeutic efficiency needs improvement. A potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect of oncolytic viruses is to use infectious nucleic acid as therapeutic agent to initiate an oncolytic infection, without administrating infectious viral particles. Here we demonstrate improved viral replication activation efficiency when transfecting cells with 5’ end authentic in vitro transcribed enterovirus RNA as compared to genomic RNA with additional non-genomic 5’ nucleotides generated by conventional cloning methods. We used echovirus 5 (E5) as an oncolytoc model virus due to its ability to replicate in and completely destroy five out of six colon cancer cell lines and kill artificial colon cancer tumors (HT29 spheroids), as shown here. An E5 infectious cDNA clone including a hammerhead ribozyme sequence was used to generate in vitro transcripts with native 5’ genome ends. In HT29 cells, activation of virus replication is approximately 20-fold more efficient for virus genome transcripts with native 5’ genome ends compared to E5 transcripts generated from a standard cDNA clone. This replication advantage remains when viral progeny release starts by cellular lysis 22 h post transfection. Hence, a native 5’ genomic end improves infection activation efficacy of infectious nucleic acid, potentially enhancing its therapeutic effect when used for cancer treatment. The clone design with a hammerhead ribozyme is likely to be applicable to a variety of oncolytic positive sense RNA viruses for the purpose of improving the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Israelsson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Studies of Echovirus 5 interactions with the cell surface: Heparan sulfate mediates attachment to the host cell.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 151:2, s. 170-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infections caused by Echovirus 5 (E5), an enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family, have been associated with fever, rashes and sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis. To elucidate the receptor usage of this virus, the significance of a previously proposed integrin binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif found in the VP3 capsid protein was investigated, as well as the capacity of E5 to interact with heparan sulfate on the cell surface. Using the prototype strain E5 Noyce (E5N), an E5N mutant where the aspartic acid of the RGD motif has been substituted to a glutamic acid and clinical E5 isolates, the RGD motif of VP3 was found to be non-essential and hence not involved in integrin receptor binding. However, E5N and clinical E5 isolates interact with heparan sulfate at the cell surface, as demonstrated by virus replication inhibition assays using heparin and heparinase III, and studies of E5 interactions at the cell surface measured by real-time PCR analysis. In conclusion, E5 utilizes heparan sulfate as a cellular receptor, but the RGD motif of VP3 is not essential for E5 infectivity.
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| 49. |
- Jensson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Cranial Nerve Coactivation and Implication for Nerve Transfers to the Facial Nerve.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (1963). - 0032-1052 .- 1529-4242. ; 141:4, s. 582e-585e
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In reanimation surgery, effortless smile can be achieved by a nonfacial donor nerve. The underlying mechanisms for this smile development, and which is the best nonfacial neurotizer, need further clarification. The aim of the present study was therefore to further explore the natural coactivation between facial mimic muscles and muscles innervated by the most common donor nerves used in smile reanimation. The study was conducted in 10 healthy adults. Correlation between voluntary facial muscle movements and simultaneous electromyographic activity in muscles innervated by the masseter, hypoglossal, and spinal accessory nerves was assessed. The association between voluntary movements in the latter muscles and simultaneous electromyographic activity in facial muscles was also studied. Smile coactivated the masseter and tongue muscles equally. During the seven mimic movements, the masseter muscle had fewer electromyographically measured coactivations compared with the tongue (two of seven versus five of seven). The trapezius muscle demonstrated no coactivation during mimic movements. Movements of the masseter, tongue, and trapezius muscles induced electromyographically recorded coactivation in the facial muscles. Bite resulted in the strongest coactivation of the zygomaticus major muscle. The authors demonstrated coactivation between voluntary smile and the masseter and tongue muscles. During voluntary bite, strong coactivation of the zygomaticus major muscle was noted. The narrower coactivation pattern in the masseter muscle may be advantageous for central relearning and the development of a spontaneous smile. The strong coactivation between the masseter muscle and the zygomaticus major indicates that the masseter nerve may be preferred in smile reanimation.
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| 50. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
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