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1.	Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al. (author) Long-term incidence of serious fall-related injuries after bariatric surgery in Swedish obese subjects. 2019 In: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 43:4, s. 933-937 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Obesity increases risk of falling, but the effect of bariatric surgery on fall-related injuries is unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to study the association between bariatric surgery and long-term incidence of fall-related injuries in the prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study. At inclusion, body mass index was≥34kg/m2 in men and ≥38kg/m2 in women. The surgery per-protocol group (n=2007) underwent gastric bypass (n=266), banding (n=376), or vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1365), and controls (n=2040) received usual care. At the time of analysis (31 December 2013), median follow-up was 19 years (maximal 26 years). Fall-related injuries requiring hospital treatment were captured using data from the Swedish National Patient Register. During follow-up, there were 617 first-time fall-related injuries in the surgery group and 513 in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI, 1.07-1.36; P=0.002). The incidence differed between treatment groups (P<0.001, log-rank test) and was higher after gastric bypass than after usual care, banding and vertical banded gastroplasty (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50-0.52, P<0.001 for all three comparisons). In conclusion, gastric bypass surgery was associated with increased risk of serious fall-related injury requiring hospital treatment.
2.	Celec, Ulrica, et al. (author) Bättre ljus i skolan minskar barnens stress 2015 In: NyTeknik, Debatt.. - 0550-8754. ; :23 juni 2015 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
3.	Kanter-Smoler, Gunilla, et al. (author) Novel findings in Swedish patients with MYH-associated polyposis: mutation detection and clinical characterization 2006 In: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565. ; 4:4, s. 499-506 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Biallelic mutations in the base-excision repair gene MYH have recently been associated with recessive inheritance of multiple colorectal adenomas. An investigation and characterization of MYH mutations in Swedish patients were therefore carried out. METHODS: A set of 15 unrelated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-mutation negative patients from the Swedish Polyposis Registry was screened for germline mutations in the MYH gene. The patients were clinically characterized and compared with 43 APC-mutation positive probands diagnosed during the same period. RESULTS: Disease-causing biallelic MYH mutations were identified in 6 patients (40%). The mean age at diagnosis was 47.8 years versus 34.1 years in APC-mutation positive patients (P = .015). Colorectal cancer at diagnosis of polyposis was present in 67% (4/6) of the patients, and all were right-sided, compared with only 19% versus 12.5% right-sided cancer in APC-mutation positive patients. Upper gastrointestinal manifestations were diagnosed in 1 of 5 compared with 23 of 27 in APC-mutation positive patients (odds ratio, 23; 95% confidence interval, 2-263; P = .0086). One family exhibited apparent dominant inheritance of colorectal adenomatous polyposis. Two new pathogenic mutations, MYH p.G175E and p.P391L, were identified. The mutations are argued to introduce profound changes in substrate-recognizing domains of the protein. CONCLUSIONS: Biallelic MYH mutations, including 2 novel mutations, were found in a substantial number of the patients with multiple colorectal adenomas who were negative for APC-mutation. The examined MYH-mutation positive patients were found to have higher risks of colorectal cancer at diagnosis, right-sided location of cancers, and a significantly lower incidence of upper gastrointestinal manifestations, compared with APC-mutation positive patients.
4.	Karlsson, Christofer, et al. (author) SufA of the opportunistic pathogen finegoldia magna modulates actions of the antibacterial chemokine MIG/CXCL9, promoting bacterial survival during epithelial inflammation. 2009 In: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 1083-351X .- 0021-9258. ; 284:43, s. 29499-508 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna is part of the human commensal microbiota, but is also an important opportunistic pathogen. This bacterium expresses a subtilisin-like serine proteinase, SufA, which partially degrade the antibacterial chemokine MIG/CXCL9. Here, we show that MIG/CXCL9 is produced by human keratinocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli. In contrast to the virulent human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, the presence of F. magna had no enhancing effect on the MIG/CXCL9 expression by keratinocytes, suggesting poor detection of the latter by pathogen-recognition receptors. When MIG/CXCL9 was exposed to SufA-expressing F. magna, the molecule was processed into several smaller fragments. Analysis by mass spectrometry showed that SufA cleaves MIG/CXCL9 at several sites in the COOH-terminal region of the molecule. At equimolar concentrations, SufA-generated MIG/CXCL9 fragments were not bactericidal against F. magna, but retained their ability to kill S. pyogenes. Moreover, the SufA-generated MIG/CXCL9 fragments were capable of activating the angiostasis-mediating CXCR3 receptor, which is expressed on endothelial cells, in an order of magnitude similar to that of intact MIG/CXCL9. F. magna expresses a surface protein called FAF that is released from the bacterial surface by SufA. Soluble FAF was found to bind and inactivate the antibacterial activity of MIG/CXCL9, thereby further potentially promoting the survival of F. magna. The findings suggest that SufA modulation of the inflammatory response could be a mechanism playing an important role in creating an ecologic niche for F. magna, decreasing antibacterial activity and suppressing angiogenesis, thus providing advantage in survival for this anaerobic opportunist compared with competing pathogens during inflammation.
5.	Karlsson, J, et al. (author) Building and climate influence on balance temperature of buildings 2003 In: Building and Environment. - 1873-684X. ; 38:1, s. 75-81 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
6.	Lehikoinen, Aleksi, et al. (author) Phenology of the avian spring migratory passage in Europe and North America : Asymmetric advancement in time and increase in duration 2019 In: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 101, s. 985-991 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Climate change has been shown to shift the seasonal timing (i.e. phenology) and distribution of species. The phenological effects of climate change on living organisms have often been tested using first occurrence dates, which may be uninformative and biased. More rarely investigated is how different phases of a phenological sequence (e.g. beginning, central tendency and end) or its duration have changed over time. This type of analysis requires continuous observation throughout the phenological event over multiple years, and such data sets are rare. In this study we examined the impact of temperature on long-term change of passage timing and duration of the spring migration period in birds, and which species' traits explain species-specific variation. Data used covered 195 species from 21 European and Canadian bird observatories from which systematic daily sampling protocols were available. Migration dates were negatively associated with early spring temperature and timings had in general advanced in 57 years. Short-distance migrants advanced the beginning of their migration more than long-distance migrants when corrected for phylogenic relatedness, but such a difference was not found in other phases of migration. The advancement of migration has generally been greater for the beginning and median phases of migration relative to the end, leading to extended spring migration seasons. Duration of the migration season increased with increasing temperature. Phenological changes have also been less noticeable in Canada even when corrected for rate of change in temperature. To visualize long-term changes in phenology, we constructed the first multi-species spring migration phenology indicator to describe general changes in median migration dates in the northern hemisphere. The indicator showed an average advancement of one week during five decades across the continents (period 1959-2015). The indicator is easy to update with new data and we therefore encourage future research to investigate whether the trend towards longer periods of occurrence or emergence in spring is also evident in other migratory populations. Such phenological changes may influence detectability in monitoring schemes, and may have broader implications on population and community dynamics.
7.	Al-Olama, Mohamed, et al. (author) The peptide AF-16 decreases high interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors. 2011 In: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 1651-226X. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Abstract Background. The high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in solid tumors restricts the access to nutrients, oxygen and drugs. Material and methods. We investigated the ability of the peptide AF-16, involved in water and ion transfer through cell membranes, to lower the IFP in two different solid rat mammary tumors, one chemically induced, slowly growing, and the other transplantable, and rapidly progressing having high cellularity. AF-16 was administered either in the tumor capsule, intranasally or intravenously. The IFP was measured by a miniature fiber optic device. Results. AF-16 significantly lowered the IFP in both the slowly and the rapidly progressing tumors, whether administrated locally or systemically. The AF-16 induced IFP reduction was maximal after 90 min, lasted at least 3 h, and returned to pretreatment levels in less than 24 h. Topical AF-16 transiently reduced the IFP in the DMBA tumors from 17.7 ± 4.2 mmHg to 8.6 ± 2.1 mmHg. Conclusion. We conclude that AF-16 transiently and reversibly lowered the high IFP in solid tumors during a few hours, which might translate into improved therapeutic efficacy.
8.	Andersson, Maria, 1975, et al. (author) Differential global gene expression response patterns of human endothelium exposed to shear stress and intraluminal pressure 2005 In: J Vasc Res. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172. ; 42:5, s. 441-52 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We investigated the global gene expression response of endothelium exposed to shear stress and intraluminal pressure and tested the hypothesis that the two biomechanical forces induce a differential gene expression response pattern. Intact living human conduit vessels (umbilical veins) were exposed to normal or high intraluminal pressure, or to low or high shear stress in combination with a physiological level of the other force in a unique vascular ex vivo perfusion system. Gene expression profiling was performed by the Affymetrix microarray technology on endothelial cells isolated from stimulated vessels. Biomechanical forces were found to regulate a very large number of genes in the vascular endothelium. In this study, 1,825 genes were responsive to mechanical forces, which corresponds to 17% of the expressed genes. Among pressure-responsive genes, 647 genes were upregulated and 519 genes were down regulated, and of shear stress-responsive genes, 133 genes were upregulated and 771 down regulated. The fraction of genes that responded to both pressure and shear stimulation was surprisingly low, only 13% of the regulated genes. Our results indicate that the two different stimuli induce distinct gene expression response patterns, which can also be observed when studying functional groups. Considering the low number of overlapping genes, we suggest that the endothelial cells can distinguish between shear stress and pressure stimulation.
9.	Baranowska Körberg, Izabella, et al. (author) A Simple Repeat Polymorphism in the MITF-M Promoter Is a Key Regulator of White Spotting in Dogs 2014 In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8, s. e104363- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The white spotting locus (S) in dogs is colocalized with the MITF (microphtalmia-associated transcription factor) gene. The phenotypic effects of the four S alleles range from solid colour (S) to extreme white spotting (s(w)). We have investigated four candidate mutations associated with the s(w) allele, a SINE insertion, a SNP at a conserved site and a simple repeat polymorphism all associated with the MITF-M promoter as well as a 12 base pair deletion in exon 1B. The variants associated with white spotting at all four loci were also found among wolves and we conclude that none of these could be a sole causal mutation, at least not for extreme white spotting. We propose that the three canine white spotting alleles are not caused by three independent mutations but represent haplotype effects due to different combinations of causal polymorphisms. The simple repeat polymorphism showed extensive diversity both in dogs and wolves, and allele-sharing was common between wolves and white spotted dogs but was non-existent between solid and spotted dogs as well as between wolves and solid dogs. This finding was unexpected as Solid is assumed to be the wild-type allele. The data indicate that the simple repeat polymorphism has been a target for selection during dog domestication and breed formation. We also evaluated the significance of the three MITF-M associated polymorphisms with a Luciferase assay, and found conclusive evidence that the simple repeat polymorphism affects promoter activity. Three alleles associated with white spotting gave consistently lower promoter activity compared with the allele associated with solid colour. We propose that the simple repeat polymorphism affects cooperativity between transcription factors binding on either flanking sides of the repeat. Thus, both genetic and functional evidence show that the simple repeat polymorphism is a key regulator of white spotting in dogs.
10.	Bergman, Annika, et al. (author) Genome-wide linkage scan for breast cancer susceptibility loci in Swedish hereditary non-BRCA1/2 families : Suggestive linkage to 10q23.32-q25.3 2007 In: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 46:3, s. 302-309 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The two breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified more than 10 years ago and, depending on population, mutations in these genes are responsible for a varying percentage of familial breast cancer. In more than half the families, the increased risk of breast cancer cannot be explained by mutations in these genes, and the goal of this study was to locate novel susceptibility genes. One of the main difficulties in identifying the cause of hereditary non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer is genetic heterogeneity, possibly due to multiple, incompletely penetrant susceptibility genes, along with ethnic and geographic differences. In this study, one large family and 13 small to medium-sized families with multiple cases of breast cancer were analyzed by genome-wide linkage analysis. The genome scan was performed by genotype analysis of 10,000 SNP markers on microarrays. The strongest evidence of linkage (HLOD 2.34) was obtained on chromosome region 10q23.32-q25.3. A further two regions were identified, with LOD scores above 2.10 on 12q14-q21 and 19p13.3-q12. In a subset of families of western Swedish origin, two regions generated LOD scores exceeding 1.8: 10q23.32-q25.3 and 19q13.12-q13.32. The large family in the study exceeded LOD 1.5 in three regions: 10q23.32-q25.3, 19q13.12-q13.32, and 17p13. Our results indicate that one or more of the suggested regions may harbor genes that are involved in the development of breast cancer.
11.	Bergman, Annika, et al. (author) The western Swedish BRCA1 founder mutation 3171ins5; a 3.7 cM conserved haplotype of today is a reminiscence of a 1500-year-old mutation 2001 In: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 9:10, s. 787-793 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The most recurrent BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation in Sweden is the BRCA1 mutation 3171ins5. In the western part of Sweden this mutation accounts for as much as 77% of identified mutations in these two genes. Our aim was to analyse in detail the haplotype and founder effects of the 3171ins5 and furthermore attempt to estimate the time of origin of the mutation. In the study we included eighteen apparently unrelated families with hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer. At least one individual in each family had previously tested positive for the 3171ins5 mutation. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for the haplotype analyses. The markers were located within or flanking the BRCA1 gene spanning a region of 17.3 cΜ. We found several different haplotypes both for disease alleles and for the normal alleles. However, a conserved haplotype of 3.7 cΜ was observed in the 3171ins5 carriers spanning over four markers located within or very close to the BRCA1 gene. As this haplotype was not present in any of the normal controls it is highly likely that this is a mutation identical by descent, i.e. a true founder. The results from the haplotype analyses were used to estimate the age of the mutation. Estimations based on the Pexcess and linkage disequilibrium gives a first appearance of the mutation sometime around the 6th century, approximately 50 generations ago.
12.	Bjerselius, Richard, et al. (author) Study of Dioxin Levels in Fatty Fish from Sweden 2001-2002 : Part II 2003 In: Organohalogen Compounds. ; 62, s. 193-6 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
13.	Björklund, Håkan, et al. (author) Ett aktivt svenskt värdskap för ESS är viktigare än någonsin : Regeringen måste ta ett aktivt ledarskap och säkra de extra resurser som krävs för att ESS ska bli tillgängligt för forskarsamhället och näringslivet, skriver rådgivare till ESS. 2022 In: Dagens Industri. - Stockholm : Dagens Industri. ; 5/4 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Kriget i Ukraina visar på behovet av att det fria Europa står på egna ben och bygger sig starkt och då spelar forskning och utveckling en viktig roll. Den forskningsinfrastruktur som nu byggs i Sverige – till exempel European Spallation Source (ESS) – har stor betydelse för att vi ska behålla och utveckla vårt teknologiska ledarskap och samtidigt bidra till att lösa de stora utmaningar mänskligheten står inför. De flesta av oss vill se ett starkt och attraktivt Europa som kännetecknas av innovation, framtidstro och medmänsklighet. I en konkurrensutsatt värld behöver samhällsdebatten handla mer om hur vi skapar vårt välstånd, för det kommer inte av sig självt. Sverige har lång tradition av nyfiket uppfinnande, skickligt ingenjörskap och drivna entreprenörer. Det är så vi har skapat de svenska företag som nu är globala. Vi säljer varor och tjänster på en världsmarknad, vilket förutsätter teknologiskt ledarskap och spetskompetens. Exportnettot, handelsbalansens överskott, omvandlas till välstånd hemmavid och det går en rak linje från innovationer till äldreomsorg. Men att vara ett innovativt ledande land är en position som ständigt måste erövras. Varje dag. Efter 150 år av forskning och framsteg, tillväxt och ökande välstånd, växer mänskligheten in i en ny fas. Vi kommer att behöva leva, producera och konsumera på nya sätt. Utmaningarna är kända, men lösningarna är okända och det är bråttom. De stora frågorna har många svar och redskapen för att förflytta vår kunskaps gräns blir alltmer avancerade. Nya skräddarsydda material är väsentliga för att lösa många av utmaningarna. I industrins barndom kom ingenjörerna långt med envishet och enkla verktyg. Men de lågt hängande frukterna är plockade. De enkla lösningarna implementerade. För att kunna fortsätta krävs alltmer avancerade metoder och angreppssätt som kräver miljardinvesteringar för att studera material i dess minsta beståndsdelar och se hur celler reagerar på olika substanser. Energiutmaningen har inte en enda storskalig lösning utan behöver ständiga framsteg inom allt från processteknik till energialstring. Cancer har inte ett motmedel, utan stävjas genom många upptäckter inom allt från immunologi till radiologi. De tusen stegens innovationer avgör vår förmåga att lyckas med omställningen till ett mer hållbart samhälle och att utveckla nya behandlingsformer och botemedel. Att Sverige och svensk industri tar en ledande roll i denna utveckling borde vara självklart för alla. För drygt tjugo år sedan tog nordiska forskare initiativ till att skapa en världsledande infrastruktur för materialforskning i Sverige. Nu installeras instrumenten på ESS medan forskning redan pågår hos grannen MAX IV. ESS är en av Europas största vetenskapliga satsningar och beräknas vara i drift under 40 års tid. Sverige har fått ett guldägg i sin famn – sin första globala Big Science anläggning någonsin – och är värdland med Danmark som medvärd. Tretton av Europas mest tekniskt avancerade nationer finansierar detta tillsammans. ESS beräknas bli 20 gånger mer kraftfull än befintliga motsvarande anläggningar, vilket kommer att ge forskare tillgång till världens skarpaste ”öga” in i organisk och oorganisk materia. ESS blir ett verktyg som kan hjälpa mänskligheten att söka svar på många frågor som måste lösas inom energi, medicin, bioteknik, datalagring och -processing, ja inom alla områden som behöver smarta material. Närheten till Max IV är genomtänkt och en stor möjlighet. Anläggningarna kompletterar varandra och kommer att kunna bidra till ny banbrytande kunskap, nya innovationer och nya företag. Den forskning som kommer att bedrivas vid ESS stämmer väl med vår industriella tradition av ingenjörskap och det ständiga sökandet efter bättre produkter och processer. För Sverige innebär närvaron av ESS en exceptionell möjlighet. Tusentals spetsforskare från hela världen kommer varje år att komma till Sverige. Den förstärkning det innebär för forskarsamhälle, innovationsklimat och näringsliv är stor och kommer inte att likna något vi hittills sett. Satsningen kräver aktivt svenskt värdskap.ESS stärker Sveriges rykte som kunskapsnation, förbättrar vår konkurrenskraft och ger större möjligheter att tackla samhällsutmaningarna genom samverkan mellan näringsliv, samhälle och akademi. Det är en mycket långsiktig satsning som handlar om vårt framtida välstånd. För att få utdelning på Sveriges investering måste vi se till att svenska företag blir bäst i världen på att använda ESS. I dag finns en nationell strategi och ett kansli kopplat till Vetenskapsrådet och Vinnova, men det är bara början. Därför har vi valt att engagera oss ideellt, som rådgivare till ESS, för att stödja samarbetet mellan företag, samhälle och ESS.Ett aktivt svenskt värdskap för ESS är viktigare än någonsin. Pandemin leder till förseningar och därmed kostnadsökningar av stora och komplexa projekt som ESS, men förstärker samtidigt det långsiktiga behovet av ny kunskap. Det är ytterst viktigt att vi nu bäddar för framtiden så att ESS kommer i drift så snart som möjligt och kan bidra till att lösa de stora utmaningar vi står inför. Vi uppmanar därför regeringen att ta ett aktivt ledarskap för ESS genom att tillsammans med övriga medlemsländer säkra de extra resurser som krävs för att ESS ska bli tillgängligt för forskarsamhället och näringslivet så snart som möjligt.ESS blir världens mest kraftfulla verktyg för forskare. Håkan Björklund, styrelsearbetareArne Karlsson, styrelsearbetareLena Olving, styrelsearbetareBjörn Savén, grundare IK PartnersMaria Strömme, professor i nanoteknologiArtikelförfattarna är medlemmar i ESS Executive Advisory Board, ett rådgivande organ.
14.	Blomberg, Lars G., et al. (author) EMMA - the electric and magnetic monitor of the aurora on Astrid-2 2004 In: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 22:1, s. 115-123 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Astrid-2 mission has dual primary objectives. First, it is an orbiting instrument platform for studying auroral electrodynamics. Second, it is a technology demonstration of the feasibility of using micro-satellites for innovative space plasma physics research. The EMMA instrument, which we discuss in the present paper, is designed to provide simultaneous sampling of two electric and three magnetic field components up to about 1 kHz. The spin plane components of the electric field are measured by two pairs of opposing probes extended by wire booms with a separation distance of 6.7 m. The probes have titanium nitride (TiN) surfaces. which has proved to be a material with excellent properties for providing good electrical contact between probe and plasma. The wire booms are of a new design in which the booms in the stowed position are wound around the exterior of the spacecraft body. The boom system was flown for the first time on this mission and worked flawlessly. The magnetic field is measured by a tri-axial fluxgate sensor located at the tip of a rigid. hinged boom extended along the spacecraft spin axis and facing away from the Sun. The new advanced-design fluxgate magnetometer uses digital signal processors for detection and feedback, thereby reducing the analogue circuitry to a minimum. The instrument characteristics as well as a brief review of the science accomplished and planned are presented.
15.	Blomberg, Lars G., et al. (author) Solar windmagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling : an event study based on Freja data 2004 In: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 66:5, s. 375-380 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Freja data are used to study the relative contributions from the high-latitude (reconnection/direct entry) and low-latitude (viscous interaction) dynamos to the cross-polar potential drop. Convection streamlines which are connected to the high-latitude dynamo may be identified from dispersed magnetosheath ions not only in the cusp/cleft region itself but also several degrees poleward of it. This fact, together with Freja's orbital geometry allows us to infer the potential drop from the high-latitude dynamo as well as to obtain a lower limit to the potential drop from the low-latitude dynamo for dayside Freja passes. All cases studied here are for active magnetospheric conditions. The Freja data suggest that under these conditions at least one third of the potential is generated in the low-latitude dynamo. These observations are consistent with earlier observations of the potential across the low-latitude boundary layer if we assume that the low-latitude dynamo region extends over several tens of Earth radii in the antisunward direction along the tail flanks, and that the majority of the potential drop derives from the sun-aligned component of the electric field rather than from its cross-boundary component, or equivalently, that the centre of the dynamo region is located quite far down tail. A possible dynamo geometry is illustrated.
16.	Blomberg, Lars, et al. (author) The EMMA Instrument on the Astrid-2 Micro-Satellite 2003 Reports (other academic/artistic)
17.	Brogren, Maria, et al. (author) Analysis of the effects of outdoor and accelerated ageing on the optical properties of reflector materials for solar energy applications In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. Journal article (peer-reviewed)
18.	Brogren, Maria, et al. (author) Analysis of the effects of outdoor and accelerated aging on the optical properties of reflector materials for solar energy applications 2004 In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. ; :82, s. 491-515 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
19.	Brogren, Maria, et al. (author) Biaxial model for the incidence angle dependence of the optical efficiency of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems with two-dimensional reflectors Other publication (other academic/artistic)
20.	Brogren, Maria, et al. (author) Design and evaluation of low-concentrating, stationary, parabolic reflectors for wall-integration of water-cooled photovoltaic-thermal hybridmodules at high latitudes. 2002 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
21.	Brogren, Maria, 1974- (author) Optical Efficiency of Low-Concentrating Solar Energy Systems with Parabolic Reflectors 2004 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Solar electricity is a promising energy technology for the future, and by using reflectors for concentrating solar radiation onto photovoltaic cells, the cost per produced kWh can be significantly reduced. The optical efficiency of a concentrating system determines the fraction of the incident energy that is transferred to the cells and depends on the optical properties of the system components. In this thesis, low-concentrating photovoltaic and photovoltaic-thermal systems with two-dimensional parabolic reflectors were studied and optimised, and a new biaxial model for the incidence angle dependence of the optical efficiency was proposed. Concentration of light generally results in high cell temperatures, and the uneven irradiance distribution on cells with parabolic reflectors leads to high local currents and temperatures, which reduce fill-factor and voltage. Cooling the cells by means of water increases the voltage and makes it possible to utilize the thermal energy. The performance of a 4X concentrating photovoltaic-thermal system was evaluated. If operated at 50°C, this system would produce 250 kWhelectrical and 800 kWhthermal per m2 cell area and year. Optical performance can be increased by 20% by using better reflectors and anti-reflectance glazing. Low-concentrating photovoltaic systems for façade-integration were studied and optimised for maximum annual electricity production. The optimisation was based on measured short-circuit currents versus solar altitude. Measurements were performed outdoors and in a solar simulator. It was found that the use of 3X parabolic reflectors increases the annual electricity production by more than 40%. High solar reflectance is crucial to system performance but by using a low-angle scattering reflector, the fill-factor and power are increased due to a more even irradiance on the modules. Long-term system performance depends on the durability of the components. The optical properties and degradation of reflector materials were assessed using spectrophotometry, angular resolved scatterometry, Fresnel modelling, optical microscopy, and surface profilometry before and after ageing. The degradation of reflectors was found to be strongly dependent on material composition and environmental conditions. Back surface mirrors, all-metal reflectors, and polymer-metal laminates degraded in different ways, and therefore accelerated ageing must be tailored for testing of different types of reflector materials. However, new types of reflector laminates showed a potential for increasing the cost-effectiveness of low-concentrating solar energy systems.
22.	Brogren, M, et al. (author) Optical properties, durability, and system aspects of a new aluminium-polymer-laminated steel reflector for solar concentrators 2004 In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 82:3, s. 387-412 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A newly developed aluminium-polymer-laminated steel reflector for use in solar concentrators was evaluated with respect to its optical properties, durability, and reflector performance in solar thermal and photovoltaic systems. The optical properties of the reflector material were investigated using spectrophotometer and scatterometry. The durability of the reflector was tested in a climatic test chamber as well as outdoors in Alvkarleby (60.5degreesN, 17.4degreesE), Sweden. Before ageing, the solar weighted total and specular reflectance values were 82% and 77%, respectively, and the reflector scattered light isotropically. After I year's outdoor exposure, the total and specular solar reflectance had decreased by less than 11%. However, after 2000 h in damp heat and 1000 W/m(2) simulated solar radiation, the optical properties had changed significantly: The light scattering was anisotropic and the total and specular solar reflectance values had decreased to 75% and 42%, respectively. The decrease was found to be due to degradation of the protective polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer, caused by UV radiation and high temperature. The conclusions are that the degradation is climate dependent and that PET is not suitable as a protective coating under extreme conditions, such as those in the climatic test chamber. However, the results from outdoor testing indicate that the material withstands exposure in a normal Swedish climate.
23.	Brogren, Maria, et al. (author) Reflector materials for two-dimensional low-concentrating photovoltaic systems - the effect of specular versus diffuse reflectance on the module efficiency In: Progress in photovoltaics: Research and applications. Journal article (peer-reviewed)
24.	Buendia, Ruben, 1982, et al. (author) Deriving heart rate variability indices from cardiac monitoring : An indicator of driver sleepiness 2019 In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 20:3, s. 249-254 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: Driver fatigue is considered to be a major contributor to road traffic crashes. Cardiac monitoring and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a candidate method for early and accurate detection of driver sleepiness. This study has 2 objectives: to evaluate the (1) suitability of different preprocessing strategies for detecting and removing outlier heartbeats and spectral transformation of HRV signals and their impact of driver sleepiness assessment and (2) relation between common HRV indices and subjective sleepiness reported by a large number of drivers in real driving situations, for the first time.Methods: The study analyzed >3,500 5-min driving epochs from 76 drivers on a public motorway in Sweden. The electrocardiograph (ECG) data were recorded in 3 studies designed to evaluate the physiological differences between awake and sleepy drivers. The drivers reported their perceived level of sleepiness according to the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 5 min. Two standard methods were used for identifying outlier heartbeats: (1) percentage change (PC), where outliers were defined as interbeat intervals deviating >30% from the mean of the four previous intervals and (2) standard deviation (SD), where outliers were defined as interbeat interval deviating >4 SD from the mean interval duration in the current epoch. Three standard methods were used for spectral transformation, which is needed for deriving HRV indices in the frequency domain: (1) Fourier transform; (2) autoregressive model; and (3) Lomb-Scargle periodogram. Different preprocessing strategies were compared regarding their impact on derivation of common HRV indices and their relation to KSS data distribution, using box plots and statistical tests such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t test.Results: The ability of HRV indices to discriminate between alert and sleepy drivers does not differ significantly depending on which outlier detection and spectral transformation methods are used. As expected, with increasing sleepiness, the heart rate decreased, whereas heart rate variability overall increased. Furthermore, HRV parameters representing the parasympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system increased. An unexpected finding was that parameters representing the sympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system also increased with increasing KSS level. We hypothesize that this increment was due to stress induced by trying to avoid an incident, because the drivers were in real driving situations.Conclusions: The association of HRV indices to KSS did not depend on the preprocessing strategy. No preprocessing method showed superiority for HRV association to driver sleepiness. This was also true for combinations of methods for frequency domain HRV indices. The results prove clear relationships between HRV indices and perceived sleepiness. Thus, HRV analysis shows promise for driver sleepiness detection.
25.	Buendia, Ruben, et al. (author) Driver sleepiness detection in real driving situations 2016 In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 17, s. 222-223 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Driver fatigue is considered to be a major contributor to road traffic crashes. Cardiac monitoring and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a candidate method for early and accurate detection of driver sleepiness. This study has 2 objectives:to evaluate the suitability of different preprocessing strategies for detecting and removing outlier heartbeats and spectral transformation of HRV signals and their impact of driver sleepiness assessment,relation between common HRV indices and subjective sleepiness reported by a large number of drivers in real driving situations, for the first time.The study analyzed >3,500 5-min driving epochs from 76 drivers on a public motorway in Sweden. The electrocardiograph (ECG) data were recorded in 3 studies designed to evaluate the physiological differences between awake and sleepy drivers. The drivers reported their perceived level of sleepiness according to the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 5 min. Two standard methods were used for identifying outlier heartbeats: (1) percentage change (PC), where outliers were defined as interbeat intervals deviating >30% from the mean of the four previous intervals and (2) standard deviation (SD), where outliers were defined as interbeat interval deviating >4 SD from the mean interval duration in the current epoch. Three standard methods were used for spectral transformation, which is needed for deriving HRV indices in the frequency domain: (1) Fourier transform; (2) autoregressive model; and (3) Lomb-Scargle periodogram. Different preprocessing strategies were compared regarding their impact on derivation of common HRV indices and their relation to KSS data distribution, using box plots and statistical tests such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t test.The results prove clear relationships between HRV indices and perceived sleepiness. Thus, HRV analysis shows promise for driver sleepiness detection.
26.	Buendia, Ruben, 1982, et al. (author) Driver sleepiness detection in real driving situations 2016 In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 17, s. 222-223 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
27.	Caidahl, Kenneth, 1949, et al. (author) Homeostatic Chemokines and Prognosisin Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. 2019 In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-3597 .- 0735-1097. ; 74:6, s. 774-782 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 are up-regulated in atherosclerotic disease and heart failure, and increased circulating levels are found in unstable versus stable coronary artery disease.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CCL19 and CCL21 in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).CCL19 and CCL21 levels were analyzed in serum obtained from ACS patients (n=1,146) on the first morning after hospital admission. Adjustments were made for GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) score, left ventricular ejection fraction, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin I, and C-reactive protein levels.The major findings were: 1) those having fourth quartile levels of CCL21 on admission of ACS had a significantly higher long-term (median 98months) risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and myocardial infarction in fully adjusted multivariable models; 2) high CCL21 levels at admission were also independently associated with MACE and cardiovascular mortality during short-time (3months) follow-up; and 3) high CCL19 levels at admission were associated with the development of heart failure.CCL21 levels are independently associated with outcome after ACS and should be further investigated as a promising biomarker in these patients.
28.	Candefjord, Stefan, 1981, et al. (author) Pre-hospital diagnosis for stroke and trauma patients using microwave technology 2015 In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - 1757-7241. ; 23:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
29.	Candefjord, Stefan, et al. (author) Video support for prehospital stroke consultation: implications for system design and clinical implementation from prehospital simulations 2024 In: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - 1472-6947. ; 24:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BackgroundVideo consultations between hospital-based neurologists and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) have potential to increase precision of decisions regarding stroke patient assessment, management and transport. In this study we explored the use of real-time video streaming for neurologist–EMS consultation from the ambulance, using highly realistic full-scale prehospital simulations including role-play between on-scene EMS teams, simulated patients (actors), and neurologists specialized in stroke and reperfusion located at the remote regional stroke center.MethodsVideo streams from three angles were used for collaborative assessment of stroke using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to assess symptoms affecting patient’s legs, arms, language, and facial expressions. The aim of the assessment was to determine appropriate management and transport destination based on the combination of geographical location and severity of stroke symptoms. Two realistic patient scenarios were created, with severe and moderate stroke symptoms, respectively. Each scenario was simulated using a neurologist acting as stroke patient and an ambulance team performing patient assessment. Four ambulance teams with two nurses each all performed both scenarios, for a total of eight cases. All scenarios were video recorded using handheld and fixed cameras. The audio from the video consultations was transcribed. Each team participated in a semi-structured interview, and neurologists and actors were also interviewed. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed.ResultsAnalysis of video-recordings and post-interviews (n = 7) show a more thorough prehospital patient assessment, but longer total on-scene time, compared to a baseline scenario not using video consultation. Both ambulance nurses and neurologists deem that video consultation has potential to provide improved precision of assessment of stroke patients. Interviews verify the system design effectiveness and suggest minor modifications.ConclusionsThe results indicate potential patient benefit based on a more effective assessment of the patient’s condition, which could lead to increased precision in decisions and more patients receiving optimal care. The findings outline requirements for pilot implementation and future clinical tests.
30.	Carlsson, Arne, et al. (author) Emissionsmodell för tunnlar 2004 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Tunnels for road and street traffic become increasingly important for transport provisions, primarily in large cities. Currently, there are in Stockholm and Gothenburg high-volume tunnels in the primary road network. In addition, many new tunnels will soon be finalised or are planned both in Stockholm and Gothenburg. The exhaust emissions in road tunnels may not exceed certain limits. Road tunnels are equipped with ventilation systems to make sure that limits for air quality are not exceeded, primarily emissions of NO2. The ventilation systems are dimensioned using data on maximum expected emissions per unit of time. VTI has obtained a commission from the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) to develop a model for calculation of exhaust emissions in tunnels, which in addition shall take into account oversaturated conditions. Currently, SNRA has no satisfactory model for calculations at hourly level. The objective of the development effort has been to formulate a calculation model for travel speeds and emissions in motorway tunnels, to be used when tunnel ventilation systems are dimensioned. For a complete structure, the model shall provide individual tunnel tube emission data for hourly traffic, split upon homogenous - from the viewpoint of traffic engineering - road links and ventilation segments. This report describes the results of the development project for calculation of emissions in tunnels. The completed model comprises two parts, one for calculation of speed and corresponding hourly flow at given demand level and one for calculation of emissions, using hourly flows and speed as input data. For each part, there is a computer program with user manual. Test runs of the model for some basic typical tunnel cases, has been carried out to illustrate the results of the total model. The total emissions of NOx (kg/km) as a function of traffic flow have been calculated for different degree of traffic load. In addition, the model has been validated by comparisons of calculated NOx values from the model with measured NOx values in three different tunnels: the Gnistäng tunnel and the Tingstad tunnel in Gothenburg and the Southern Route tunnel in Stockholm.
31.	Carlsson, Arne, et al. (author) Förändring av Vänertrafiken : Konsekvenser i form av avgasutsläpp, hastighet och trafiksäkerhet för järnvägs- och vägtrafik 1991 Reports (other academic/artistic)
32.	Carlsson, Katrin, et al. (author) Fear and the Amygdala : Manipulation of Awareness Generates Differential Cerebral Responses to Phobic and Fear-Relevant (but Nonfeared) Stimuli 2004 In: Emotion. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1528-3542 .- 1931-1516. ; 4:4, s. 340-353 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Rapid response to danger holds an evolutionary advantage. In this positron emission tomography study, phobics were exposed to masked visual stimuli with timings that either allowed awareness or not of either phobic, fear-relevant (e.g., spiders to snake phobics), or neutral images. When the timing did not permit awareness, the amygdala responded to both phobic and fear-relevant stimuli. With time for more elaborate processing, phobic stimuli resulted in an addition of an affective processing network to the amygdala activity, whereas no activity was found in response to fear-relevant stimuli. Also, right prefrontal areas appeared deactivated, comparing aware phobic and fear-relevant conditions. Thus, a shift from top-down control to an affectively driven system optimized for speed was observed in phobic relative to fear-relevant aware processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
33.	Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al. (author) Life expectancy after bariatric surgery or usual care in patients with or without baseline type 2 diabetes in Swedish Obese Subjects. 2023 In: International journal of obesity (2005). - 1476-5497. ; 47, s. 931-8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To determine life expectancy and causes of death after bariatric surgery in relation to baseline type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the prospective, Swedish Obese Subjects study.The study included 2010 patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 matched controls, eligible for surgery. The surgery group underwent gastric bypass (n=265), banding (n=376), or vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1369). The control group (n=2037) received usual obesity care. Causes of death were obtained from the Swedish Cause of Death Register, case sheets and autopsy reports, in patients with baseline T2D (n=392 surgery patients/n=305 controls) or non-T2D (n=1609 surgery patients/n=1726 controls) during a median follow-up 26 years.In T2D and non-T2D subgroups, bariatric surgery was associated with increased life expectancy (2.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.2-4.0; and 1.6, 0.5-2.7 years, respectively) and reduced overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR)=0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97; and 0.82, 0.72-0.94, respectively), and the treatment benefit was similar (interaction p=0.615). Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in both subgroups (adjHR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46-0.91; and 0.70, 0.55-0.88, respectively (interaction p=0.516)).Bariatric surgery is associated with similar reduction of overall and cardiovascular mortality and increased life expectancy regardless of baseline diabetes status.
34.	Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al. (author) Long-term incidence of microvascular disease after bariatric surgery or usual care in patients with obesity, stratified by baseline glycaemic status: a post-hoc analysis of participants from the Swedish Obese Subjects study. 2017 In: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595. ; 5:4, s. 271-279 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Bariatric surgery is associated with remission of diabetes and prevention of diabetic complications in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Long-term effects of bariatric surgery on microvascular complications in patients with prediabetes are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of bariatric surgery on incidence of microvascular complications in patients with obesity stratified by baseline glycaemic status.Patients were recruited to the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study between Sept 1, 1987, and Jan 31, 2001. Inclusion criteria were age 37-60 years and BMI of 34 kg/m(2) or greater in men and 38 kg/m(2) or greater in women. Exclusion criteria were identical in surgery and control groups and designed to exclude patients not suitable for surgery. The surgery group (n=2010) underwent gastric bypass (265 [13%]), gastric banding (376 [19%]), or vertical-banded gastroplasty (1369 [68%]). Participants in the control group (n=2037) received usual care. Bodyweight was measured and questionnaires were completed at baseline and at 0·5 years, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 6 years, 8 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years. Biochemical variables were measured at baseline and at 2 years, 10 years, and 15 years. We categorised participants into subgroups on the basis of baseline glycaemic status (normal [fasting blood glucose concentration <5·0 mmol/L], prediabetes [5·0-6·0 mmol/L], screen-detected diabetes [≥6·1 mmol/L at baseline visit without previous diagnosis], and established diabetes [diagnosis of diabetes before study inclusion]). We obtained data about first incidence of microvascular disease from nationwide registers and about diabetes incidence at study visits at 2 years, 10 years, and 15 years. We did the main analysis by intention to treat, and subgroup analyses after stratification by baseline glycaemic status and by diabetes status at the 15 year follow-up. The SOS study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01479452.4032 of the 4047 participants in the SOS study were included in this analysis. We excluded four patients with suspected type 1 diabetes, and 11 patients with unknown glycaemic status at baseline. At baseline, 2838 patients had normal blood glucose, 591 had prediabetes, 246 had screen-detected diabetes, and 357 had established diabetes. Median follow-up was 19 years (IQR 16-21). We identified 374 incident cases of microvascular disease in the control group and 224 in the surgery group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·56, 95% CI 0·48-0·66; p<0·0001). Interaction between baseline glycaemic status and effect of treatment on incidence of microvascular disease was significant (p=0·0003). Unadjusted HRs were lowest in the subgroup with prediabetes (0·18, 95% CI 0·11-0·30), followed by subgroups with screen-detected diabetes (0·39, 0·24-0·65), established diabetes (0·54, 0·40-0·72), and normoglycaemia (0·63, 0·48-0·81). Surgery was associated with reduced incidence of microvascular events in people with prediabetes regardless of whether they developed diabetes during follow-up.Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced risk of microvascular complications in all subgroups, but the greatest relative risk reduction was observed in patients with prediabetes at baseline. Our results suggest that prediabetes should be treated aggressively to prevent future microvascular events, and effective non-surgical treatments need to be developed for this purpose.US National Institutes of Health, Swedish Research Council, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Regional Agreement on Medical Education and Research, and Swedish Diabetes Foundation.
35.	Doroudi, Roya, 1967, et al. (author) Methodological studies of multiple reference genes as endogenous controls in vascular gene expression studies 2005 In: Endothelium. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1062-3329 .- 1029-2373. ; 12:5-6, s. 215-23 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Detection and quantification of differentially expressed genes requires valid and reliable references to control for error variability introduced by preparatory procedures or efficiency of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification conditions. So-called housekeeping genes are frequently used as endogenous standards, based on the assumption that they are constitutively expressed and independent of experimental conditions. However, if the influence of experimental stimuli is to be analyzed, it cannot a priori be assumed that their expression is unaffected by stimulation. In the present study, the authors studied the expression of different housekeeping genes in the vascular endothelium of intact conduit vessels perfused in a unique biomechanical perfusion model. Ten control gene candidates were investigated by microarray expression analysis. Further, five of these genes were systematically analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR gene quantification and their suitability as reference genes were evaluated. On the basis of these findings, the authors suggest criteria for evaluation of endogenous control genes in vascular perfusion studies.
36.	Egesten, Arne, et al. (author) SpeB of Streptococcus pyogenes differentially modulates antibacterial and receptor activating properties of human chemokines. 2009 In: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: CXC chemokines are induced by inflammatory stimuli in epithelial cells and some, like MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11, are antibacterial for Streptococcus pyogenes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: SpeB from S. pyogenes degrades a wide range of chemokines (i.e. IP10/CXCL10, I-TAC/CXCL11, PF4/CXCL4, GROalpha/CXCL1, GRObeta/CXCL2, GROgamma/CXCL3, ENA78/CXCL5, GCP-2/CXCL6, NAP-2/CXCL7, SDF-1/CXCL12, BCA-1/CXCL13, BRAK/CXCL14, SRPSOX/CXCL16, MIP-3alpha/CCL20, Lymphotactin/XCL1, and Fractalkine/CX3CL1), has no activity on IL-8/CXCL8 and RANTES/CCL5, partly degrades SRPSOX/CXCL16 and MIP-3alpha/CCL20, and releases a 6 kDa CXCL9 fragment. CXCL10 and CXCL11 loose receptor activating and antibacterial activities, while the CXCL9 fragment does not activate the receptor CXCR3 but retains its antibacterial activity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: SpeB destroys most of the signaling and antibacterial properties of chemokines expressed by an inflamed epithelium. The exception is CXCL9 that preserves its antibacterial activity after hydrolysis, emphasizing its role as a major antimicrobial on inflamed epithelium.
37.	EINBEIGI, Zacharia, et al. (author) BRCA1 gene mutations may explain more than 80% of excess numberof ovarian cancer cases after breast cancer – a population based studyfrom the Western Sweden Health Care region 2010 In: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor and Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 49, s. 361-367 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract AIM: In a previous cohort study, we showed that there was a significant variation in the frequency of ovarian cancer after having breast cancer in Sweden, with the highest risk occuring in the Western region. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the high prevalence of the founder mutation BRCA1 3171ins5 may explain the excess number of ovarian cancer. METHOD: Among more than 26 000 women with breast cancer in the Western Swedish Health Care Region, 159 cases were subsequently diagnosed with ovarian cancer, whereas the expected number was 96. Archived tissue material was analysed for six common Scandinavian BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations.RESULTS: The excess number of cases was 63 (95% CI 47-77), based on person-years at risk and national incidence rates of ovarian cancer. A BRCA1 gene mutation was detected in 33 cases corresponding to 52% of the excess number. The founder mutation, BRCA1 3171ins5, was detected in 44% of the excess number. The identified mutations decreased from 45% in women less than 50 years of age at follow-up to 14% at 60+ years at follow-up. There was no obvious decrease in mutation frequency by excess numbers with age. Age at follow-up and first-degree relatives with breast and/or ovarian cancer were the best predictors of a mutation in this material.CONCLUSION: The founder mutation, BRCA1 3171ins5, explains the excess of ovarian cancer after breast cancer in the region. From the relative frequency of the studied mutations found at the cancer genetic counselling clinic, it is estimated that BRCA1 gene mutations are associated with about 80-85% of the excess cases. This means that a negative screening for these mutations in similar cases may have a predictive value and could strongly reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in relatives.
38.	Einbeigi, Zakaria, 1962, et al. (author) Clustering of individuals with both breast and ovarian cancer--a possible indicator of BRCA founder mutations. 2002 In: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 0284-186X. ; 41:2, s. 153-7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In a cohort of 60436 women with a diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma and known to reside in Sweden in 1960, 321 had a subsequent diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Assuming no correlation between the two cancers, one would expect that 191 women would develop ovarian cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.5-1.9). Women with breast cancer before 40 years of age were at highest risk for developing ovarian cancer (SIR 4.5). Between 40 and 49 years of age, the SIR was 1.9, and at 50 years of age or older, the SIR was 1.3. Most of the excess in ovarian cancer occurred in southern Sweden. The geographic distribution of these cases coincided with the distribution of families with known BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. These results suggest that genetic factors account for the excess in ovarian cancer that occurs in breast cancer patients and that geographic clustering of patients who have both breast and ovarian cancer may indicate the presence of a BRCA founder mutation.
39.	Einbeigi, Zakaria, 1962, et al. (author) Occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is a marker for the BRCA gene mutations: a population-based study from western Sweden. 2007 In: Familial cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9600 .- 1573-7292. ; 6:1, s. 35-41 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract AIM: This study aimed to analyze whether the occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman serves as a marker for BRCA gene mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This population-based study included 256 women in western Sweden who developed both invasive breast and ovarian tumors between 1958 and 1999. Archival paraffin tissue blocks of their tumors were retrieved for DNA-extraction to analyze the founder mutation, BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5), which is most common in this geographic area and four other common Scandinavian BRCA1 gene mutations and one BRCA2 mutation. Together, account these mutations for approximately 75% of the BRCA1/2 gene mutations in the clinical unit. RESULTS: Ninteen percent (95% confidence interval (CI) 14-24%) of the women carried one of the analyzed BRCA1 gene mutations but none of the women were positive for the analyzed BRCA2 mutation. One-third of the women with both tumors before age 60 were mutation carriers. BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5) constituted 84% of all identified mutations. Although the majority of breast cancers were invasive ductal and atypical medullary types, a variety of other breast malignancies were seen among mutation carriers. Serous ovarian carcinomas predominated among ovarian tumors. A variety of other ovarian tumors, including three granulosa-theca cell tumors, were also observed among mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is associated with a high likelihood of a constitutional BRCA1 mutation. These women and their families might therefore be considered for mutation screening after appropriate genetic counselling.
40.	El Gody, Ahmed, 1973- (author) Journalism in a network : the role of ICTs in Egyptian newsrooms 2012 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)
41.	Ergun, R. E., et al. (author) The Axial Double Probe and Fields Signal Processing for the MMS Mission 2016 In: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 199:1-4, s. 167-188 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract The Axial Double Probe (ADP) instrument measures the DC to similar to 100 kHz electric field along the spin axis of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft (Burch et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue), completing the vector electric field when combined with the spin plane double probes (SDP) (Torbert et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue, Lindqvist et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue). Two cylindrical sensors are separated by over 30 m tip-to-tip, the longest baseline on an axial DC electric field ever attempted in space. The ADP on each of the spacecraft consists of two identical, 12.67 m graphite coilable booms with second, smaller 2.25 m booms mounted on their ends. A significant effort was carried out to assure that the potential field of the MMS spacecraft acts equally on the two sensors and that photo- and secondary electron currents do not vary over the spacecraft spin. The ADP on MMS is expected to measure DC electric field with a precision of similar to 1 mV/m, a resolution of similar to 25 mu V/m, and a range of similar to 1 V/m in most of the plasma environments MMS will encounter. The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) units on the MMS spacecraft are designed to perform analog conditioning, analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, and digital processing on the ADP, SDP, and search coil magnetometer (SCM) (Le Contel et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue) signals. The DSP units include digital filters, spectral processing, a high-speed burst memory, a solitary structure detector, and data compression. The DSP uses precision analog processing with, in most cases, > 100 dB in dynamic range, better that -80 dB common mode rejection in electric field (E) signal processing, and better that -80 dB cross talk between the E and SCM (B) signals. The A/D conversion is at 16 bits with similar to 1/4 LSB accuracy and similar to 1 LSB noise. The digital signal processing is powerful and highly flexible allowing for maximum scientific return under a limited telemetry volume. The ADP and DSP are described in this article.
42.	Ericson, Marica, 1974, et al. (author) Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis at varying fluence rates : Assessment of photobleaching, pain and primary clinical outcome 2004 In: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 151, s. 1204-1212 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming an important treatment method for skin lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma, there are still discussions about which fluence rate and light dose are preferable. Recent studies in rodents have shown that a low fluence rate is preferable due to depletion of oxygen at high fluence rates. However, these results have not yet been verified in humans. Objectives: The objective was to investigate the impact of fluence rate and spectral range on primary treatment outcome and bleaching rate in AK using aminolaevulinic acid PDT. In addition, the pain experienced by the patients has been monitored during treatment. Patients/methods Thirty-seven patients (mean age 71 years) with AK located on the head, neck and upper chest were treated with PDT, randomly allocated to four groups: two groups with narrow filter (580-650 nm) and fluence rates of 30 or 45 mW cm-2, and two groups with broad filter (580-690 nm) and fluence rates of 50 or 75 mW cm-2. The total cumulative light dose was 100 J cm-2 in all treatments. Photobleaching was monitored by fluorescence imaging, and pain experienced by the patients was registered by using a visual analogue scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). The primary treatment outcome was evaluated at a follow-up visit after 7 weeks. Results: Our data showed a significant correlation between fluence rate and initial treatment outcome, where lower fluence rate resulted in favourable treatment response. Moreover, the photo-bleaching dose (1/e) was found to be related to fluence rate, ranging from 4.5 ± 1.0 J cm -2 at 30 mW cm-2, to 7.3 ± 0.7 J cm-2 at 75 mW cm-2, indicating higher oxygen levels in tissue at lower fluence rates. After a cumulative light dose of 40 J cm-2 no further photobleaching took place, implying that higher doses are excessive. No significant difference in pain experienced by the patients during PDT was observed in varying the fluence rate from 30 to 75 mW cm-2. However, the pain was found to be most intense up to a cumulative light dose of 20 J cm-2. Conclusions: Our results imply that the photobleaching rate and primary treatment outcome are dependent on fluence rate, and that a low fluence rate (30 mW cm-2) seems preferable when performing PDT of AK using noncoherent light sources.
43.	Etzold, Sophia, et al. (author) Nitrogen deposition is the most important environmental driver of growth of pure, even-aged and managed European forests 2020 In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 458 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Changing environmental conditions may substantially interact with site quality and forest stand characteristics, and impact forest growth and carbon sequestration. Understanding the impact of the various drivers of forest growth is therefore critical to predict how forest ecosystems can respond to climate change. We conducted a continental-scale analysis of recent (1995–2010) forest volume increment data (ΔVol, m3 ha−1 yr−1), obtained from ca. 100,000 coniferous and broadleaved trees in 442 even-aged, single-species stands across 23 European countries. We used multivariate statistical approaches, such as mixed effects models and structural equation modelling to investigate how European forest growth respond to changes in 11 predictors, including stand characteristics, climate conditions, air and site quality, as well as their interactions. We found that, despite the large environmental gradients encompassed by the forests examined, stand density and age were key drivers of forest growth. We further detected a positive, in some cases non-linear effect of N deposition, most pronounced for beech forests, with a tipping point at ca. 30 kg N ha−1 yr−1. With the exception of a consistent temperature signal on Norway spruce, climate-related predictors and ground-level ozone showed much less generalized relationships with ΔVol. Our results show that, together with the driving forces exerted by stand density and age, N deposition is at least as important as climate to modulate forest growth at continental scale in Europe, with a potential negative effect at sites with high N deposition.
44.	Fahlström, Karl, 1986-, et al. (author) Correlation between laser welding sequence and distortions for thin sheet structures 2017 In: Science and technology of welding and joining. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-1718 .- 1743-2936. ; 22:2, s. 150-156 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Thin ultra-high strength steel shaped as 700 mm long U-beams have been laser welded in overlap configuration to study the influence of welding sequence on distortions. Three different welding directions, three different energy inputs as well as stitch welding have been evaluated, using resistance spot welding (RSW) as a reference. Transverse widening at the ends and narrowing at the centre of the beam were measured. A clear correlation was found between the weld metal volume and distortion. For continuous welds there was also a nearly linear relationship between the energy input and distortion. However, the amount of distortion was not affected by a change in welding direction. Stitching and RSW reduced distortion significantly compared to continuous laser welding.
45.	Fahlström, Karl, et al. (author) Distortion Analysis in Laser Welding of Ultra High Strength Steel 2014 In: Proceedings of the 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014. - 9789198097412 ; , s. 1-9 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Due to increased demands on reduced weight in automotive industries, the use of ultra high strength steels (UHSS) has increased. When laser welding UHSS sheets, heating and cooling of the material will cause geometrical distortions and may cause low joint quality. 700 mm long U-beam structures of 1 mm thick boron steel simulating structural pillars in body-in-white constructions have been welded along the flanges with different welding speeds to investigate distortions and weld quality. The results show that final distortions appear in the range of 0-8 mm. FE simulation methods have also been presented which generally predict the distribution of welding distortions.
46.	Figueiredo, Sonia, et al. (author) Temporal and spatial evolution of discrete auroral arcs as seen by Cluster 2005 In: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 23:7, s. 2531-2557 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Two event studies are presented in this paper where intense convergent electric fields, with mapped intensities up to 1350 mV/m, are measured in the auroral upward current region by the Cluster spacecraft, at altitudes between 3 and 5 Earth radii. Both events are from May 2003, Southern Hemisphere, with equatorward crossings by the Cluster spacecraft of the pre-midnight auroral oval. Event 1 occurs during the end of the recovery phase of a strong substorm. A system of auroral arcs associated with convergent electric field structures, with a maximum perpendicular potential drop of about similar to 10 kV, and upflowing field-aligned currents with densities of 3 mu A/m(2) (mapped to the ionosphere), was detected at the boundary between the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer (PSBL) and the Plasma Sheet (PS). The auroral arc structures evolve in shape and in magnitude on a timescale of tens of minutes, merging, broadening and intensifying, until finally fading away after about 50 min. Throughout this time, both the PS region and the auroral arc structure in its poleward part remain relatively fixed in space, reflecting the rather quiet auroral conditions during the end of the substorm. The auroral upward acceleration region is shown for this event to extend beyond 3.9 Earth radii altitude. Event 2 occurs during a more active period associated with the expansion phase of a moderate substorm. Images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 spacecraft show that the Cluster spacecraft crossed the horn region of a surge-type aurora. Conjugated with the Cluster spacecraft crossing above the surge horn, the South Pole All Sky Imager recorded the motion and the temporal evolution of an east-west aligned auroral arc, 30 to 50 km wide. Intense electric field variations are measured by the Cluster spacecraft when crossing above the auroral arc structure, collocated with the density gradient at the PS poleward boundary, and coupled to intense upflowing field-aligned currents with mapped densities of up to 20 mu A/m(2). The surge horn consists of multiple arc structures which later merge into one structure and intensify at the PS poleward boundary. The surge horn and the associated PS region moved poleward with a velocity at the ionospheric level of 0.5 km/s, following the large-scale poleward expansion of the auroral oval associated with the substorm expansion phase.
47.	Forcolin, Fabio, et al. (author) Comparison of outlier heartbeat identification and spectral transformation strategies for deriving heart rate variability indices for drivers at different stages of sleepiness 2018 In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 19, s. S112-S119 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: Appropriate preprocessing for detecting and removing outlier heartbeats and spectral transformation is essential for deriving heart rate variability (HRV) indices from cardiac monitoring data with high accuracy. The objective of this study is to evaluate agreement between standard preprocessing methods for cardiac monitoring data used to detect outlier heartbeats and perform spectral transformation, in relation to estimating HRV indices for drivers at different stages of sleepiness.Methods: The study analyzed more than 3,500 5-min driving epochs from 76 drivers on a public motorway in Sweden. Electrocardiography (ECG) data were recorded in 3 studies designed to evaluate the physiological differences between awake and sleepy drivers. The Pan-Tompkins algorithm was used for peak detection of heartbeats from ECG data. Two standard methods were used for identifying outlier heartbeats: (1) percentage change (PC), where outliers were defined as interbeat interval deviating >30% from the mean of the 4 previous intervals, and (2) standard deviation (SD), where outliers were defined as interbeat interval deviating >4 SD from the mean interval duration in the current epoch. Three standard methods were used for spectral transformation, which is needed for deriving HRV indices in the frequency domain; these methods were (1) the Fourier transform; (2) an autoregressive model; and (3) the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. The preprocessing methods were compared quantitatively and by assessing agreement between estimations of 13 common HRV indices using Bland-Altman plots and paired Student's t-tests.Results: The PC method detected more than 4times as many outliers (0.28%) than SD (0.065%). Most HRV indices derived using different preprocessing methods exhibited significant systematic (P <.05) and substantial random variations.Conclusions: The standard preprocessing methods for HRV data for outlier heartbeat detection and spectral transformation show low levels of agreement. This finding implies that, prior to designing algorithms for detection of sleepy drivers based on HRV analysis, the impact of different preprocessing methods and combinations thereof on driver sleepiness assessment needs to be studied.
48.	Gelin, Kristina, 1975- (author) Preparation and Characterization of Sputter Deposited Spectrally Selective Solar Absorbers 2004 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The optical efficiency of a commercially available sputter deposited spectrally selective solar absorber was improved. The main purposes were to decrease the thermal emittance, increase the solar absorbtance of the absorber and to protect the substrate from degradation due to environmental influence. The adhesion properties between the corrosion-protecting barrier and the substrate were also studied. This project was focused on process improvements that are realistic to implement in industrial production.The thermal emittance of the absorber was decreased from 0.12 to 0.06 by changing the material of the corrosion-protecting layer from nickel-chromium to copper-nickel. Copper-nickel was less sensitive to variations in the sputter parameters than nickel-chromium. A novel method that could simplify the search for alternative corrosion resistant materials with a low thermal emittance has been purposed. Since resistivity data usually exist or can easily be measured and infrared measurements require more sophisticated measurements, the Hagen-Rubens relation was investigated for copper-nickel and nickel-chromium alloys. The dc-resistivity was found to be related to the infrared emittance or the integrated thermal emittance for alloys in their solid soluble fcc phase.The solar absorbtance was increased when a graded index absorbing coating was tailored for a crossover of the reflectance from low to high reflectance at about 2.5 µm. The solar absorber graded index coating was optimized for nickel metal content in nickel oxide and a solar absorptance of 0.89-0.91 was achieved. The solar absorptance was further increased to 0.97 when an antireflection coating was added on top of the absorbing layer.Finally, extrapolation algorithms were developed to assure correct determination of the thermal emittance for coatings on glass since modern spectrometers that do not cover the complete wavelength interval required to calculate the thermal emittance of surfaces at room temperatures accurately. The error arising from the extrapolation algorithms were smaller than the noise from the optical measurements. Similar strategies can be used for other surfaces.
49.	Gerhardsson, Lars, 1952, et al. (author) Vascular and nerve damage in workers exposed to vibrating tools. The importance of objective measurements of exposure time. 2005 In: Applied ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 36:1, s. 55-60 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the development of vibration white fingers (VWF) in workers in relation to different ways of exposure estimation, and their relationship to the standard ISO 5349, annex A. Nineteen vibration exposed (grinding machines) male workers completed a questionnaire followed by a structured interview including questions regarding their estimated hand-held vibration exposure. Neurophysiological tests such as fractionated nerve conduction velocity in hands and arms, vibrotactile perception thresholds and temperature thresholds were determined. The subjective estimation of the mean daily exposure-time to vibrating tools was 192 min (range 18-480 min) among the workers. The estimated mean exposure time calculated from the consumption of grinding wheels was 42 min (range 18-60 min), approximately a four-fold overestimation (Wilcoxon's signed ranks test, p<0.001). Thus, objective measurements of the exposure time, related to the standard ISO 5349, which in this case were based on the consumption of grinding wheels, will in most cases give a better basis for adequate risk assessment than self-exposure assessment.
50.	Gustafsson, Georg, et al. (author) First results of electric field and density observations by Cluster EFW based on initial months of operation 2001 In: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 19:12-okt, s. 1219-1240 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Highlights are presented from studies of the electric field data from various regions along the CLUSTER orbit. They all point towards a very high coherence for phenomena recorded on four spacecraft that are separated by a few hundred kilometers for structures over the whole range of apparent frequencies from I mHz to 9 kHz. This presents completely new opportunities to study spatial-temporal plasma phenomena from the magnetosphere out to the solar wind. A new probe environment was constructed for the CLUSTER electric field experiment that now produces data of unprecedented quality. Determination of plasma flow in the solar wind is an example of the capability of the instrument.

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