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  • Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al. (author)
  • Long-term incidence of serious fall-related injuries after bariatric surgery in Swedish obese subjects.
  • 2019
  • In: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 43:4, s. 933-937
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Obesity increases risk of falling, but the effect of bariatric surgery on fall-related injuries is unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to study the association between bariatric surgery and long-term incidence of fall-related injuries in the prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study. At inclusion, body mass index was≥34kg/m2 in men and ≥38kg/m2 in women. The surgery per-protocol group (n=2007) underwent gastric bypass (n=266), banding (n=376), or vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1365), and controls (n=2040) received usual care. At the time of analysis (31 December 2013), median follow-up was 19 years (maximal 26 years). Fall-related injuries requiring hospital treatment were captured using data from the Swedish National Patient Register. During follow-up, there were 617 first-time fall-related injuries in the surgery group and 513 in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI, 1.07-1.36; P=0.002). The incidence differed between treatment groups (P<0.001, log-rank test) and was higher after gastric bypass than after usual care, banding and vertical banded gastroplasty (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50-0.52, P<0.001 for all three comparisons). In conclusion, gastric bypass surgery was associated with increased risk of serious fall-related injury requiring hospital treatment.
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  • Dyrager, Christine, et al. (author)
  • Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Chromone-based p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 54:20, s. 7427-7431
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A series of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)-chromone derivs. were synthesized and evaluated as p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Introduction of an amino group in the 2-position of the pyridyl moiety gave p38 inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range (e.g. 8a; IC50 = 17 nm). Addnl., the inhibitors (8a and 8e) demonstrate an excellent selectivity profile towards the p38 kinase among other kinases, as well as inhibition (8e) of p38 signaling in human breast cancer cells. [on SciFinder(R)]
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  • Egevad, Per, et al. (author)
  • Ny bibliotekssystemmiljö : slutrapport
  • 2015
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Slutrapport för projekt om ny bibliotekssystemmiljö. Projektets syfte var att få fram ett beslutsunderlag för hur en ny eller förändrad bibliotekssystemmiljö kan stödja bibliotekets verksamhet från 2016. Detta innebär att:Undersöka behoven utifrån processer för att få fram lösningar som ökar nyttan och effektiviteten samt kvaliteten i verksamheten.Analysera konsekvenserna av olika alternativa lösningar för en kommande bibliotekssystemiljö.Skapa ett underlag med rekommendationer för beslut i ledningsgruppen.
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  • Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, 1985-, et al. (author)
  • Identifying targets for increased biogasproduction through chemical and organicmatter characterization of digestate from full‑scale biogas plants : what remains and why?
  • 2022
  • In: Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts. - London, United Kingdom : BioMed Central. - 2731-3654. ; 15:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: This study examines the destiny of macromolecules in different full-scale biogas processes. From previousstudies it is clear that the residual organic matter in outgoing digestates can have significant biogas potential,but the factors dictating the size and composition of this residual fraction and how they correlate with the residualmethane potential (RMP) are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to generate additional knowledge of thecomposition of residual digestate fractions and to understand how they correlate with various operational and chemicalparameters. The organic composition of both the substrates and digestates from nine biogas plants operating onfood waste, sewage sludge, or agricultural waste was characterized and the residual organic fractions were linked tosubstrate type, trace metal content, ammonia concentration, operational parameters, RMP, and enzyme activity.Results: Carbohydrates represented the largest fraction of the total VS (32–68%) in most substrates. However, inthe digestates protein was instead the most abundant residual macromolecule in almost all plants (3–21 g/kg). Thedegradation efficiency of proteins generally lower (28–79%) compared to carbohydrates (67–94%) and fats (86–91%).High residual protein content was coupled to recalcitrant protein fractions and microbial biomass, either from thesubstrate or formed in the degradation process. Co-digesting sewage sludge with fat increased the protein degradationefficiency with 18%, possibly through a priming mechanism where addition of easily degradable substrates alsotriggers the degradation of more complex fractions. In this study, high residual methane production (> 140 L CH4/kgVS) was firstly coupled to operation at unstable process conditions caused mainly by ammonia inhibition (0.74 mgNH3-N/kg) and/or trace element deficiency and, secondly, to short hydraulic retention time (HRT) (55 days) relative tothe slow digestion of agricultural waste and manure.Conclusions: Operation at unstable conditions was one reason for the high residual macromolecule content andhigh RMP. The outgoing protein content was relatively high in all digesters and improving the degradation of proteinsrepresents one important way to increase the VS reduction and methane production in biogas plants. Post-treatment
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  • Novak, Iona, et al. (author)
  • Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy : Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
  • 2017
  • In: JAMA pediatrics. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6203 .- 2168-6211. ; 171:9, s. 897-907
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Importance: Cerebral palsy describes the most common physical disability in childhood and occurs in 1 in 500 live births. Historically, the diagnosis has been made between age 12 and 24 months but now can be made before 6 months' corrected age.Objectives: To systematically review best available evidence for early, accurate diagnosis of cerebral palsy and to summarize best available evidence about cerebral palsy-specific early intervention that should follow early diagnosis to optimize neuroplasticity and function.Evidence Review: This study systematically searched the literature about early diagnosis of cerebral palsy in MEDLINE (1956-2016), EMBASE (1980-2016), CINAHL (1983-2016), and the Cochrane Library (1988-2016) and by hand searching. Search terms included cerebral palsy, diagnosis, detection, prediction, identification, predictive validity, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, criteria of diagnostic accuracy, and evidence-based clinical guidelines. Findings are reported according to the PRISMA statement, and recommendations are reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.Findings: Six systematic reviews and 2 evidence-based clinical guidelines met inclusion criteria. All included articles had high methodological Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) ratings. In infants, clinical signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy emerge and evolve before age 2 years; therefore, a combination of standardized tools should be used to predict risk in conjunction with clinical history. Before 5 months' corrected age, the most predictive tools for detecting risk are term-age magnetic resonance imaging (86%-89% sensitivity), the Prechtl Qualitative Assessment of General Movements (98% sensitivity), and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (90% sensitivity). After 5 months' corrected age, the most predictive tools for detecting risk are magnetic resonance imaging (86%-89% sensitivity) (where safe and feasible), the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (90% sensitivity), and the Developmental Assessment of Young Children (83% C index). Topography and severity of cerebral palsy are more difficult to ascertain in infancy, and magnetic resonance imaging and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination may be helpful in assisting clinical decisions. In high-income countries, 2 in 3 individuals with cerebral palsy will walk, 3 in 4 will talk, and 1 in 2 will have normal intelligence.Conclusions and Relevance: Early diagnosis begins with a medical history and involves using neuroimaging, standardized neurological, and standardized motor assessments that indicate congruent abnormal findings indicative of cerebral palsy. Clinicians should understand the importance of prompt referral to diagnostic-specific early intervention to optimize infant motor and cognitive plasticity, prevent secondary complications, and enhance caregiver well-being.
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  • Sandås, Kristofer, et al. (author)
  • Nanometa Live : a user-friendly application for real-time metagenomic data analysis and pathogen identification
  • 2024
  • In: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811. ; 40:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Summary: Nanometa Live presents a user-friendly interface designed for real-time metagenomic data analysis and pathogen identification utilizing Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ MinION and Flongle flow cells. It offers an efficient workflow and graphical interface for the visualization and interpretation of metagenomic data as it is being generated. Key features include automated BLAST validation, streamlined handling of custom Kraken2 databases, and a simplified graphical user interface for enhanced user experience. Nanometa Live is particularly notable for its capability to run without constant internet or server access once installed, setting it apart from similar tools. It provides a comprehensive view of taxonomic composition and facilitates the detection of user-defined pathogens or other species of interest, catering to both researchers and clinicians.Availability and implementation: Nanometa Live has been implemented as a local web application using the Dash framework with Snakemake handling the data processing. The source code is freely accessible on the GitHub repository at https://github.com/FOIBioinformatics/nanometa_live and it is easily installable using Bioconda. It includes containerization support via Docker and Singularity, ensuring ease of use, reproducibility, and portability.
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  • Warfvinge, Rebecca, et al. (author)
  • Single-cell molecular analysis defines therapy response and immunophenotype of stem cell subpopulations in CML
  • 2017
  • In: Blood. - : AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 129:17, s. 2384-2394
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Understanding leukemia heterogeneity is critical for the development of curative treatments as the failure to eliminate therapy-persistent leukemic stem cells (LSCs) may result in disease relapse. Here we have combined high-throughput immunopheno-typic screens with large-scale single-cell gene expression analysis to define the heterogeneity within the LSC population in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis and following conventional tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity within the putative LSC population in CML at diagnosis and demonstrate differences in response to subsequent TKI treatment between distinct subpopulations. Importantly, LSC subpopulations with myeloid and proliferative molecular signatures are proportionally reduced at a higher extent in response to TKI therapy compared with subfractions displaying primitive and quiescent signatures. Additionally, cell surface expression of the CML stem cell markers CD25, CD26, and IL1RAP is high in all subpopulations at diagnosis but downregulated and unevenly distributed across subpopulations in response to TKI treatment. The most TKI-insensitive cells of the LSC compartment can be captured within the CD45RA(-) fraction and further defined as positive for CD26 in combination with an aberrant lack of cKIT expression. Together, our results expose a considerable heterogeneity of the CML stem cell population and propose a Lin(-) CD34(+) CD38(-/low) CD45RA(-) cKIT(-) CD26(+) population as a potential therapeutic target for improved therapy response.
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  • Adielsson, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Outcome prediction for patients assessed by the medical emergency team : a retrospective cohort study
  • 2022
  • In: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-227X. ; 22:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Medical emergency teams (METs) have been implemented to reduce hospital mortality by the early recognition and treatment of potentially life-threatening conditions. The objective of this study was to establish a clinically useful association between clinical variables and mortality risk, among patients assessed by the MET, and further to design an easy-to-use risk score for the prediction of death within 30 days.Methods: Observational retrospective register study in a tertiary university hospital in Sweden, comprising 2,601 patients, assessed by the MET from 2010 to 2015. Patient registry data at the time of MET assessment was analysed from an epidemiological perspective, using univariable and multivariable analyses with death within 30 days as the outcome variable. Predictors of outcome were defined from age, gender, type of ward for admittance, previous medical history, acute medical condition, vital parameters and laboratory biomarkers. Identified factors independently associated with mortality were then used to develop a prognostic risk score for mortality.Results: The overall 30-day mortality was high (29.0%). We identified thirteen factors independently associated with 30-day mortality concerning; age, type of ward for admittance, vital parameters, laboratory biomarkers, previous medical history and acute medical condition. A MET risk score for mortality based on the impact of these individual thirteen factors in the model yielded a median (range) AUC of 0.780 (0.774-0.785) with good calibration. When corrected for optimism by internal validation, the score yielded a median (range) AUC of 0.768 (0.762-0.773).Conclusions: Among clinical variables available at the time of MET assessment, thirteen factors were found to be independently associated with 30-day mortality. By applying a simple risk scoring system based on these individual factors, patients at higher risk of dying within 30 days after the MET assessment may be identified and treated earlier in the process. 
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  • Akselsson, Roland, et al. (author)
  • Safety and Risk
  • 2009
  • In: Work and technology on human terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 425-461
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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  • Akselsson, Roland, et al. (author)
  • Säkerhet och risk
  • 2008
  • In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 425-461
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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14.
  • Alhouayek, Mireille, et al. (author)
  • Effects of orthotopic implantation of rat prostate tumour cells upon components of the N-acylethanolamine and monoacylglycerol signalling systems : an mRNA study
  • 2020
  • In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • There is good evidence that the N-acylethanolamine (NAE)/monoacylglycerol (MAG) signalling systems are involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, it is not known how prostate tumours affect these systems in the surrounding non-malignant tissue and vice versa. In the present study we have investigated at the mRNA level 11 components of these systems (three coding for anabolic enzymes, two for NAE/MAG targets and six coding for catabolic enzymes) in rat prostate tissue following orthotopic injection of low metastatic AT1 cells and high metastatic MLL cells. The MLL tumours expressed higher levels of Napepld, coding for a key enzyme in NAE synthesis, and lower levels of Naaa, coding for the NAE hydrolytic enzyme N-acylethanolamine acid amide hydrolase than the AT1 tumours. mRNA levels of the components of the NAE/MAG signalling systems studied in the tissue surrounding the tumours were not overtly affected by the tumours. AT1 cells in culture expressed Faah, coding for the NAE hydrolytic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase, at much lower levels than Naaa. However, the ability of the intact cells to hydrolyse the NAE arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) was inhibited by an inhibitor of FAAH, but not of NAAA. Treatment of the AT1 cells with interleukin-6, a cytokine known to be involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, did not affect the expression of the components of the NAE/MAG system studied. It is thus concluded that in the model system studied, the tumours show different expressions of mRNA coding for key the components of the NAE/MAG system compared to the host tissue, but that these changes are not accompanied by alterations in the non-malignant tissue.
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  • Almstedt, Åsa, 1977-, et al. (author)
  • Beyond Post-productivism : From Rural Policy Discource to Rural Diversity
  • 2014
  • In: European Countryside. - Berlin : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1803-8417. ; 6:4, s. 297-306
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • There has been a strong discourse in public policy aimed at transforming rural places from venues of primary production into truly diverse socioeconomic landscapes. Yet conceptualisations of the rural as envisioned in the policy and politics of the ‘new economy’ often prove to be elusive on the ground. However, post-productive activity in rural areas has become a major focus for rural studies scholars. This paper investigates the ideas of post-productivism in the existing literature, and argues for a holistic understanding of post-productivism as an idea and political ambition rather than an imperative and irreversible change of rural economic activity. The purpose of the study is to make clear the division between post-productivism and the related concepts of post-production and post-productive activities in order to better understand processes of rural change in relation to different geographical contexts. It is argued that post-productivism as a concept stands apart from de facto post-production and alternative concepts such as multifunctionality and should be regarded as part of broader regional development discourses. The paper outlines several important fields in which post-productivism is a necessary component for rural transformation and development. While it is not always easily captured in indicators or empirical studies in rural locations, post- productivism exists at the level of discourse and planning and thus has real effects on the ground. The paper concludes by offering suggestions on how to apply the concepts of post-productivism, post-production and multifunctionality in future studies. 
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  • Andersson, Anastasia, 1987-, et al. (author)
  • Monitoring genetic diversity with new indicators applied to an alpine freshwater top predator
  • 2022
  • In: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 31:24, s. 6422-6439
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Genetic diversity is the basis for population adaptation and long-term survival, yet rarely considered in biodiversity monitoring. One key issue is the need for useful and straightforward indicators of genetic diversity. We monitored genetic diversity over 40 years (1970–2010) in metapopulations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabiting 27 small mountain lakes representing 10 lake systems in central Sweden using >1200 fish per time point. We tested six newly proposed indicators; three were designed for broad, international use in the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and are currently applied in several countries. The other three were recently elaborated for national use by a Swedish science-management effort and applied for the first time here. The Swedish indicators use molecular genetic data to monitor genetic diversity within and between populations (indicators ΔH and ΔFST, respectively) and assess the effective population size (Ne-indicator). We identified 29 genetically distinct populations, all retained over time. Twelve of the 27 lakes harboured more than one population indicating that brown trout biodiversity hidden as cryptic, sympatric populations are more common than recognized. The Ne indicator showed values below the threshold (Ne ≤ 500) in 20 populations with five showing Ne < 100. Statistically significant genetic diversity reductions occurred in several populations. Metapopulation structure appears to buffer against diversity loss; applying the indicators to metapopulations suggest mostly acceptable rates of change in all but one system. The CBD indicators agreed with the Swedish ones but provided less detail. All these indicators are appropriate for managers to initiate monitoring of genetic biodiversity. 
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  • Andersson, Natalie, et al. (author)
  • Extensive clonal branching shapes the evolutionary history of high-risk pediatric cancers
  • 2020
  • In: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445. ; 80:7, s. 1512-1523
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Darwinian evolution of tumor cells remains underexplored in childhood cancer. We here reconstruct the evolutionary histories of 56 pediatric primary tumors, including 24 neuroblastomas, 24 Wilms tumors and 8 rhabdomyosarcomas. Whole genome copy number and whole exome mutational profiling of multiple regions per tumor was performed followed by clonal deconvolution to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree for each tumor. Overall, 88% of the tumors exhibited genetic variation among primary tumor regions. This variability typically emerged through collateral phylogenetic branching, leading to spatial variability in the distribution of more than 50% (96/173) of detected diagnostically informative genetic aberrations. Single cell sequencing of 547 individual cancer cells from eight solid pediatric tumors confirmed branching evolution to be a fundamental underlying principle of genetic variation in all cases. Strikingly, cell-to-cell genetic diversity was almost twice as high in aggressive compared to clinically favorable tumors (median Simpson index of diversity 0.45 vs. 0.88; p=0.029). Similarly, a comparison of multiregional sampling data from a total of 274 tumor regions showed that new phylogenetic branches emerge at a higher frequency per sample and carry a higher mutational load in high-risk than in low-risk tumors. Timelines based on spatial genetic variation showed that the mutations most influencing relapse risk occur at initiation of clonal expansion in neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, while in Wilms tumor they are late events. Thus, from an evolutionary standpoint, some high-risk childhood cancers are born bad, while others grow worse over time.
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  • Andersson, Natalie, et al. (author)
  • Inactivation of RB1, CDKN2A and TP53 have distinct effects on genomic stability at side-by-side comparison in karyotypically normal cells
  • 2023
  • In: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 62:2, s. 93-100
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Chromosomal instability is a common feature in malignant tumors. Previous studies have indicated that inactivation of the classical tumor suppressor genes RB1, CDKN2A and TP53 may contribute to chromosomal aberrations in cancer by disrupting different aspects of the cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoint machinery. We performed a side-by-side comparison of how inactivation of each of these genes affected chromosomal stability in vitro. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, RB1, CDKN2A and TP53 were independently knocked out in karyotypically normal immortalized cells, after which these cells were followed over time. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed a distinct phenotype with upregulation of pathways related to cell cycle control and proliferation in all three knockouts. Surprisingly, the RB1 and CDKN2A knocked out cell lines did not harbor more copy number aberrations than wild-type cells, despite culturing for months. The TP53-knocked out cells, in contrast, showed a massive amount of copy number alterations and saltatory evolution through whole genome duplication. This side-by-side comparison indicated that the effects on chromosomal stability from inactivation of RB1 and CDKN2A are negligible compared to inactivation of TP53, under the same conditions in a non-stressful environment, even though partly overlapping regulatory pathways are affected.
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  • Arbete och teknik på människans villkor
  • 2015. - 3
  • Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • För att förstå samspelet mellan människor och mellan människor och teknik, krävs kunskaper inom flera olika områden. Boken inkluderar därför begrepp, kunskaper och metoder från bland annat psykologi, medicin, sociologi, fysik, kemi, ekonomi och juridik.Boken vänder sig främst till studerande inom arbetsvetenskap, ergonomi och liknande ämnesbenämningar på tekniska universitets- och högskoleutbildningar. Den passar också yrkesverksamma arbetsmiljöingenjörer, ergonomer och sjukgymnaster med flera.
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  • Arngården, Linda, 1984- (author)
  • Analysis of signaling pathway activity in single cells using the in situ Proximity Ligation Assay
  • 2016
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • A cell that senses signals from its environment uses proteins for signal transduction via post translational modifications (PTMs) and protein- protein interactions (PPIs) from cell membrane into the nucleus where genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis can be turned on or off, i.e. changing the phenotype or fate of the cell. Aberrations within such proteins are prone to cause diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, it is important so study aberrant signaling to be able to understand and treat diseases.In this thesis, signaling aberrations of PTMs and PPIs were analyzed with the use of the in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA), and the thesis also contain method development of rolling circle amplification (RCA), which is the method used for signal amplification of in situ PLA reaction products.Paper I considers the integrity of RCA products. Here, the aim was to generate a smaller and more compact RCA product, for more accurate either visual or automated analysis. This was achieved with the use of an additional so called compaction oligonucleotide that during RCA was able to bind and pull segments of RCA products closer together. The compaction oligonucleotide served to increase the signal to noise ratio and decrease the number of false positive signals.The crosstalk between the Hippo and TGFβ signaling pathways were studied in paper II. Activity of the Hippo signaling pathway is regulated by cell density sensing and tissue control. We found differences in amounts and localization of interactions between the effector proteins of the two pathways depending on cell density and TGFβ stimulation.In paper III the NF-кB signaling pathway constitutively activated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was studied. A 4 base-pair frameshift deletion within the NFKBIE gene, which encodes the negative regulator IкBε, was found among 13 of a total 315 cases by the use of targeted deep sequencing. We found reduced levels of IкBε protein, decreased p65 inhibition, and increased phosphorylation, along with increased nuclear localization of p65 in NFKBIE deleted cases compared to healthy cases.Crosstalk between the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathway are studied within paper IV. Here, we found differences in cellular localization of TAZ/β-catenin interactions depending on colon cancer tumor stage and by further investigate Hippo/WNT crosstalk in cell line model systems we found an increase of complex formations involved in the crosstalk in sparse growing HEK293 cells compared to dense growing cells. Also, active WNT3a signaling was affected by cell density. Since cell density showed to have a big effect on Hippo/WNT crosstalk we continued to investigated the effect of E-cadherin, which has a function in cell junctions and maintenance of epithelial integrity on Hippo/WNT crosstalk. Interestingly, we found that E-cadherin is likely to regulate Hippo/WNT crosstalk.
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  • Baresel, Christian, et al. (author)
  • Rening av hormoner vid avloppsreningsverk i kalla klimat : En kunskapssammanställning och lärdomar från pilottester vid Fillan ARV i Sundsvall
  • 2023
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Vid tre av de största avloppsreningsverken i Sundsvall kommun har IVL genomfört en förstudie med syftet att utreda förutsättningar för en fullskaleinstallation för rening av läkemedelsrester från avloppsvatten. Förstudien visade att det framför allt var hormoner som utgjorde den största risken för negativ påverkan på vattenförekomsten. Eftersom Sundsvall kommun har planer för en framtida utbyggnad med kväverening vid Fillan ARV, föddes en tanke om huruvida en sådan utbyggnad även skulle kunna bidra till att hormonhalterna i utgående avloppsvatten minskar till icke-detekterbara nivåer.Detta mot bakgrund av att minskade hormonhalter observerats vid avloppsreningsverk med kväverening i södra Sverige. Om motsvarande minskning av utgående hormonhalter skulle observeras vid en utbyggd kväverening i Sundsvall kommun, skulle detta leda till att de observerade miljöriskerna i recipienten eliminerades.Med ekonomiskt stöd från Naturvårdsverket, och med hjälp av en befintlig pilotanläggning för studier av kväverening i kalla klimat via rörliga biofilmsreaktorer med bärare (MBBR), genomfördes under åren 2021 och 2023 en kompletterande förstudie vars resultat presenteras i denna rapport. Projektet har fokuserat på rening av hormoner och hormonstörande effekter vid implementering av kväverening i kalla klimat. Det övergripande målet har varit att öka kunskapen om kväverening och nedbrytning av hormoner vid låga temperaturer och att identifiera kunskapsluckor.Denna kunskap ska stödja planering och implementering av reningsprocesser vid höga hormonhalter i avloppsvatten i kalla klimat.Föreliggande rapport sammanställer dels kunskap om rening av hormoner och hormonstörande ämnen vid avloppsreningsverk utifrån i huvudsak en svensk kontext, dels resultat från genomförda pilottester vid Fillan ARV i Sundsvall. Genomgående under projektperioden observerades att kväve kunde reduceras med mer än 70 % i genomsnitt. Veckovisa analyser av hormoner och hormonstörande effekter, samt månadsvisa analyser av läkemedelsrester, visade däremot på en stor variation av inkommande halter och reningrader.En genomgående, och förväntad trend, var att halterna av östrogena effekter följde detekterade halter av både östron och östradiol. Halten av etinylöstradiol, däremot, detekterades inte i något av de analyserade proverna under hela projektperioden. Vid de tillfällen där reduktionsgraden av hormonerna var närmare 80 %, var det fortfarande höga halter av hormoner i utgående avloppsvatten, vilket bland annat kunde förklaras med höga inkommande halter. Inga tydliga samband mellan höga reduktionshalter av hormoner och kväve eller andra processrelaterade aspekter kunde observeras. Detta resultat indikerar att reduktion av hormoner och kväverening i huvudsak utförs av skilda grupper av mikroorganismer. En högre reduktion av hormoner kunde däremot observeras i filtrerade prover relativt ofiltrerade, något som delvis kan förklara den låga hormonreduktion efter MBBR-processen som vid dessa försök saknade en partikelavskiljning. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att hypotesen kring att kväverening effektivt kan rena bort hormoner i kalla klimat med en MBBR-teknik inte kan bekräftas vid de betingelser som utvärderats i denna rapport. Det kunde inte heller bekräftas när temperaturen ökade med 4 °C i processen eftersom ingen signifikant påverkan på reningsgraden för varken hormoner, hormonstörande effekter eller läkemedelsrester kunde observeras. Utifrån data från denna rapport kan det därför konstateras att vid anläggningar i norra Sverige, där höga hormonhalter utgör huvudproblemet avseende påverkan på recipient, kan en avancerad rening för att ta bort hormoner och deras effekter behövas, åtminstone i de fall där biofilmsprocesser såsom MBBR implementeras. 
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25.
  • Benrick, Anna, 1979, et al. (author)
  • Interleukin-6 gene knockout influences energy balance regulating peptides in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei.
  • 2009
  • In: Journal of neuroendocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2826 .- 0953-8194. ; 21:7, s. 620-8
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that also affects metabolic function because IL-6 depleted (IL-6(-/-)) mice develop late-onset obesity. IL-6 appears to act in the central nervous system, presumably in the hypothalamus, to increase energy expenditure that appears to involve stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. In the present study, we explored possible central mechanisms for the effects exerted by IL-6 on body fat. Therefore, we measured the effects of IL-6 depletion in IL-6(-/-) mice on expression of key hypothalamic peptide genes involved in energy balance by the real time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, co-localisation between such peptides and IL-6 receptor alpha was investigated by immunohistochemistry. IL-6 deficiency decreased the expression of several peptides found in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which is a nucleus that has been attributed an adipostatic function. For example, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is reported to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, was decreased by 40% in older IL-6(-/-) mice. Oxytocin, which is reported to prevent obesity, was also decreased in older IL-6(-/-) animals, as was arginine vasopressin (AVP). The IL-6 receptor alpha was abundantly expressed in the PVN, but also in the supraoptic nucleus, and was shown to be co-expressed to a high extent with CRH, AVP, oxytocin and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. These data indicate that depletion of endogenous IL-6, a body fat suppressing cytokine, is associated with the decreased expression of CRH and oxytocin (i.e. energy balance regulating peptides) as well as AVP in the PVN. Because IL-6 receptor alpha is co-expressed with CRH, oxytocin and AVP, IL-6 could stimulate the expression of these peptides directly.
  •  
26.
  • Berg, Jessica, et al. (author)
  • Mat : när, var och hur?
  • 2004
  • In: Holmqvist, Mona (red.). En främmande värld. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144034458 ; , s. 129-142
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
  •  
27.
  • Berg, Jessica, et al. (author)
  • Mat : när, var och hur?
  • 2004
  • In: Holmqvist, Mona (red.). En främmande värld. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. ; , s. 129-142
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
  •  
28.
  • Bergengren, Lovisa, 1972-, et al. (author)
  • Effectiveness and costs of an implemented primary HPV cervical screening programme in Sweden : A population based cohort study
  • 2022
  • In: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Swedish guidelines recommend cervical screening with primary HPV for women ≥ 30 years of age. The aim of this study was to compare an implemented HPV cervical screening programme in the Region of Örebro County from September 1, 2016, with the former cytology-based screening programme.The clinical effectiveness by means of number of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer cases detected in histology within 12 months after the screening test, together with cost implications were the main outcomes. Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry between the years 2014-2015 (cytology based screening) and 2017-2018(HPV based screening), including screening information such as invitations and cytology and histology diagnoses.The detection rate of HSIL + among women ≥ 30 years of age was 1.2 times higher with HPV screening, but data revealed an increase in direct colposcopy referral rate by 54% and a higher percentage of irrelevant findings (≤LSIL). Screening based on HPV for women ≥ 30 has increased yearly cost from 1 to 1.3 million EUR, while increasing the number of HSIL + identified. Two thirds of the total costs are from visits for screening samples in the programme.HPV screening detected more cases of HSIL + compared to cytology screening among women ≥ 30 although high colposcopy rate, high rate of clinical irrelevant findings and higher costs were shown in the HPV-based screening programme, which implies that alterations in the screening programme in the future are important to consider.
  •  
29.
  •  
30.
  •  
31.
  •  
32.
  •  
33.
  • Bergström, Gunnar, et al. (author)
  • Acceptanskriterier för repor och intryck i plaströr Accpetance criteria for scratches and indentations in plastic pipes
  • 2009
  • Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Development of materials and laying techniques have arisen the question how scratches and indentations in plastics pipes affect the strength and technical lifetime of pipelines. Scratches may occur both in the manufacturing of the pipes, in connection with the installation and subsequent maintenance. The problems in assessing the failure risk from scratches and indentations are similar for pipes used in gas and water distribution and in district heating applications. Therefore, a broad effort to identify the risks in relation to current pipe materials is technically and economically justified. The project has aimed to evaluate the effect of scratches and indentations on the technical lifetime of plastics pipes and to present criteria for maximum allowable depth of scratches and indentations. The study on pressure pipes focused on the conditions for scratched polyethylene pipes to achieve a lifetime of 50 years. It is noted that a scratch damage can not be judged solely on the basis of its depth and sharpness. To assess the impact of the scratch on the serviceability of the pipe, consideration must also be taken to the material from which the pipe was made and the safety factor used in the design. Extensive pressure tests show that pipes made of modern materials can withstand surface scratches to a higher degree than pipes of older materials. For pipes made of modern bimodal PE80 and PE100 materials, scratches up to 10% depth may be accepted without reduction of rated pressure. However, for pipes of older material, a reduction in pressure may be required already at smaller scratches. The study also indicates that for the same relative scratch depth, a greater reduction in pressure is required with increasing pipe dimension. The study on the non pressure pipes shows that the studied polypropylene pipes resist both deep scratches combined with ovalization and large indentations without any cracks penetrating the pipe wall. However, the extent and development of crazing and surface cracking vary with scratch depth, deformation level and material. The test pipes were subjected to extreme conditions very rarely or never occurring in practice. This suggests that small scratches at moderate ovalization and realistic indentations in temperatures around room temperature do not affect the lifetime of the pipes. One objective of the project was to develop a method for the evaluation of the scratch resistance of a pipe. In the proposed test method the force needed to produce a specified scratch is measured. This force is used as a relative measure of the scratch resistance of a pipe material when compared to other materials. In order to assess to what extent a scratch affects the lifetime of the pipe, the depth of the scratch must be estimated with reasonable accuracy. Since the scratch in many cases is found on existing pipelines the method must be suited for field use. To achieve that a simple instrument for scratch depth measurements was made and evaluated.
  •  
34.
  • Bergström, Gunnar, et al. (author)
  • Accpetance criteria for scratches and indentations in plastic pipes
  • 2009
  • Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Development of materials and laying techniques have arisen the question how scratches and indentations in plastics pipes affect the strength and technical lifetime of pipelines. Scratches may occur both in the manufacturing of the pipes, in connection with the installation and subsequent maintenance. The problems in assessing the failure risk from scratches and indentations are similar for pipes used in gas and water distribution and in district heating applications. Therefore, a broad effort to identify the risks in relation to current pipe materials is technically and economically justified. The project has aimed to evaluate the effect of scratches and indentations on the technical lifetime of plastics pipes and to present criteria for maximum allowable depth of scratches and indentations. The study on pressure pipes focused on the conditions for scratched polyethylene pipes to achieve a lifetime of 50 years. It is noted that a scratch damage can not be judged solely on the basis of its depth and sharpness. To assess the impact of the scratch on the serviceability of the pipe, consideration must also be taken to the material from which the pipe was made and the safety factor used in the design. Extensive pressure tests show that pipes made of modern materials can withstand surface scratches to a higher degree than pipes of older materials. For pipes made of modern bimodal PE80 and PE100 materials, scratches up to 10% depth may be accepted without reduction of rated pressure. However, for pipes of older material, a reduction in pressure may be required already at smaller scratches. The study also indicates that for the same relative scratch depth, a greater reduction in pressure is required with increasing pipe dimension. The study on the non pressure pipes shows that the studied polypropylene pipes resist both deep scratches combined with ovalization and large indentations without any cracks penetrating the pipe wall. However, the extent and development of crazing and surface cracking vary with scratch depth, deformation level and material. The test pipes were subjected to extreme conditions very rarely or never occurring in practice. This suggests that small scratches at moderate ovalization and realistic indentations in temperatures around room temperature do not affect the lifetime of the pipes. One objective of the project was to develop a method for the evaluation of the scratch resistance of a pipe. In the proposed test method the force needed to produce a specified scratch is measured. This force is used as a relative measure of the scratch resistance of a pipe material when compared to other materials. In order to assess to what extent a scratch affects the lifetime of the pipe, the depth of the scratch must be estimated with reasonable accuracy. Since the scratch in many cases is found on existing pipelines the method must be suited for field use. To achieve that a simple instrument for scratch depth measurements was made and evaluated.
  •  
35.
  • Bjerkne Wenneberg, Sandra, et al. (author)
  • Association between inflammatory response and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
  • 2021
  • In: Acta neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 143:2, s. 195-205
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Recent reports suggest an association between the inflammatory response after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) and patients' outcome. The primary aim of this study was to identify a potential association between the inflammatory response after aSAH and 1-year outcome. The secondary aim was to investigate whether the inflammatory response after aSAH could predict the development of delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI).This prospective observational pilot study included patients with an aSAH admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, between May 2015 and October 2016. The patients were stratified according to the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) as having an unfavourable (score: 1-4) or favourable outcome (score: 5-8). Furthermore, patients were stratified depending on development of DCI or not. Patient data and blood samples were collected and analysed at admission and after 10days.Elevated serum concentrations of inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1Ra, C-reactive protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were detected in patients with unfavourable outcome. When adjustments for Glasgow coma scale were made, only IL-1Ra remained significantly associated with poor outcome (p=0.012). The inflammatory response after aSAH was not predictive of the development of DCI.Elevated serum concentrations of inflammatory markers were associated with poor neurological outcome 1-year after aSAH. However, inflammatory markers are affected by many clinical events, and when adjustments were made, only IL-1Ra remained significantly associated with poor outcome. The robustness of these results needs to be tested in a larger trial.
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36.
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37.
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38.
  • Bohgard, Mats, et al. (author)
  • Chemical Health Risks
  • 2009
  • In: Work and Technology on Human Terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 307-337
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
  •  
39.
  • Bohgard, Mats, et al. (author)
  • Designing work and technology on human terms
  • 2009. - 1:1
  • In: Work and technology on human terms. - Stockholm : Prevent. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 9-18
  • Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
  •  
40.
  • Bohgard, Mats, et al. (author)
  • Fysikaliska faktorer
  • 2008
  • In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 191-307
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
  •  
41.
  • Bohgard, Mats, et al. (author)
  • Kemiska hälsorisker
  • 2008
  • In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 309-337
  • Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
  •  
42.
  • Bohgard, Mats, et al. (author)
  • Physical Factors
  • 2009
  • In: Work and Technology on Human Terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 191-306
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
  •  
43.
  • Bojmar, Linda, et al. (author)
  • miR-18a is regulated between progressive compartments of cancers, and incorporated in exosomes with the potential of creating premetastatic niches and predict cancer outcome
  • 2015
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The ultimate cause of death for many cancer patients is the spread of the cancer via metastasis. Even so, there are still a lack of knowledge regarding the metastasis process. This study was performed to investigate the role of metastamirs in exosomes and their metastatic patterns. We used the well-established isogeneic murine cancer model of low metastatic 67NR cells, mimicking luminal/basal breast tumors, and highly metastatic 4T1 cells with characteristics of basal breast  tumors. We studied the exosomal properties and pre-metastatic effects in this metastasis model and compared human materials and exosomes of several other tumor types. Our data clearly demonstrated that exosomes from the highly metastatic cells home to the metastatic organs of their parental cells whereas exosomes from cells with low metastatic potential mostly located to lymph nodes. The exosome protein cargos also resembled their parental cells and potentially affects their target organs, and cells, differently. Furthermore, the exosomes from the highly metastatic cells had a more pronounced effect on tumor growth and pre-metastatic changes than the low metastatic exosomes. The microRNA-18a, a predictor of metastasis, was present to a higher extent in metastatic exosomes as compared to low metastatic exosomes, and altered the tumor progressive properties. Our findings support the role of exomirs as important players in the metastatic process, the value as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
  •  
44.
  • Bojmar, Linda, et al. (author)
  • The Role of MicroRNA-200 in Progression of Human Colorectal and Breast Cancer
  • 2013
  • In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:12, s. 84815-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer has been studied extensively in vitro, but involvement of the EMT in tumorigenesis in vivo is largely unknown. We investigated the potential of microRNAs as clinical markers and analyzed participation of the EMT-associated microRNA-200 ZEB E-cadherin pathway in cancer progression. Expression of the microRNA-200 family was quantified by real-time RT-PCR analysis of fresh-frozen and microdissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary colorectal tumors, normal colon mucosa, and matched liver metastases. MicroRNA expression was validated by in situ hybridization and after in vitro culture of the malignant cells. To assess EMT as a predictive marker, factors considered relevant in colorectal cancer were investigated in 98 primary breast tumors from a treatment-randomized study. Associations between the studied EMTmarkers were found in primary breast tumors and in colorectal liver metastases. MicroRNA-200 expression in epithelial cells was lower in malignant mucosa than in normal mucosa, and was also decreased in metastatic compared to non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Low microRNA-200 expression in colorectal liver metastases was associated with bad prognosis. In breast cancer, low levels of microRNA-200 were related to reduced survival and high expression of microRNA-200 was predictive of benefit from radiotheraphy. MicroRNA-200 was associated with ER positive status, and inversely correlated to HER2 and overactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, that was associated with high ZEB1 mRNA expression. Our findings suggest that the stability of microRNAs makes them suitable as clinical markers and that the EMT-related microRNA-200 - ZEB - E-cadherin signaling pathway is connected to established clinical characteristics and can give useful prognostic and treatment-predictive information in progressive breast and colorectal cancers.
  •  
45.
  • Borgström, Fredrik, et al. (author)
  • Fragility fractures in Europe: burden, management and opportunities.
  • 2020
  • In: Archives of osteoporosis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-3514 .- 1862-3522. ; 15:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This report provides an overview and a comparison of the burden and management of fragility fractures in the largest five countries of the European Union plus Sweden (EU6). In 2017, new fragility fractures in the EU6 are estimated at 2.7 million with an associated annual cost of €37.5 billion and a loss of 1.0 million quality-adjusted life years.Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, which increases the risk of fragility fractures, which in turn, represent the main consequence of the disease. This report provides an overview and a comparison of the burden and management of fragility fractures in the largest five EU countries and Sweden (designated the EU6).A series of metrics describing the burden and management of fragility fractures were defined by a scientific steering committee. A working group performed the data collection and analysis. Data were collected from current literature, available retrospective data and public sources. Different methods were applied (e.g. standard statistics and health economic modelling), where appropriate, to perform the analysis for each metric.Total fragility fractures in the EU6 are estimated to increase from 2.7 million in 2017 to 3.3 million in 2030; a 23% increase. The resulting annual fracture-related costs (€37.5 billion in 2017) are expected to increase by 27%. An estimated 1.0 million quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were lost in 2017 due to fragility fractures. The current disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1000 individuals age 50years or more were estimated at 21years, which is higher than the estimates for stroke or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The treatment gap (percentage of eligible individuals not receiving treatment with osteoporosis drugs) in the EU6 is estimated to be 73% for women and 63% for men; an increase of 17% since 2010. If all patients who fracture in the EU6 were enrolled into fracture liaison services, at least 19,000 fractures every year might be avoided.Fracture-related burden is expected to increase over the coming decades. Given the substantial treatment gap and proven cost-effectiveness of fracture prevention schemes such as fracture liaison services, urgent action is needed to ensure that all individuals at high risk of fragility fracture are appropriately assessed and treated.
  •  
46.
  • Brouder, Patrick, et al. (author)
  • Hyper-production : a new metric of multifinctionality
  • 2015
  • In: European Countryside. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1803-8417. ; 7:3, s. 134-143
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Multifunctionality has emerged as the dominant framework for understanding rural socioeconomic landscapes. The central claim of multifunctionality – that rural regions need to be understood as being made up of more than just traditional uses – has led to the incorporation of new rural activities into regional development plans, e.g., tourism. In some places, such post-productive activity is perceived to be slowly replacing productive uses of the land, e.g., agriculture/forestry. However, there is limited empirical evidence to support such claims. Drawing on previous research and data from the Swedish countryside this paper shows that, even as the number of persons employed within traditional activities decreases, the economic output per areal unit and per labour hour is increasing over time and traditional uses still occupy the majority of rural space. Hyper-production is introduced as a new metric for understanding multifunctional regions going forward. The complementary union of economic mainstays, such as agriculture, and newer activities with more quality-of-life benefits, such as tourism, is highlighted in terms of economic diversification, job creation and local social capital development, while the conflict-prone intersection of these two modes is also acknowledged. Understanding hyper-production as a key metric of multifunctionality is thus argued as integral to planning and developing resilient rural regions now and for the future. 
  •  
47.
  • Bråkenhielm, Carl-Reinhold (contributor, creator_code:cre_t)
  • Kunskapsläget på kärnavfallsområdet 2022 : Samhället, tekniken och etiken
  • 2022
  • Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • Kärnavfallsrådet (Statens råd för kärnavfallsfrågor) är en tvärvetenskaplig kommitté som har i uppdrag att ge regeringen råd i frågor om använt kärnbränsle, kärnavfall och rivning av kärntekniska anläggningar, (M 1992:A Kärnavfallsrådet. Dir. 2018:18). I februari vartannat år ger Kärnavfallsrådet sin självständiga bedömning av det aktuella läget inom kärnavfallsområdet. Bedömningen presenteras i form av en kunskapslägesrapport. Syftet med rapporten är att upp-märksamma och beskriva frågor som Kärnavfallsrådet anser viktiga och att redogöra för rådets synpunkter i dessa. Kärnavfallsrådet överlämnar härmed till regeringen årets kunskapslägesrapport SOU 2022:7 Kunskapsläget på kärnavfallsområdet 2022 – Samhället, tekniken och etiken.Bakom denna rapport står samtliga ledamöter och sakkunniga i Kärnavfallsrådet. Kärnavfallsrådets vetenskapliga sekreterare Johanna Swedin har varit projektledare för arbetet med kunskapslägesrapporten.Rapporterna om kunskapsläget på kärnavfallsområdet åren 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 och 2020 finns även tillgängliga i en engelsk version. Rådet kommer att publicera en engelsk översättning av årets rapport under våren 2022.
  •  
48.
  • Börjesson, Mikaela, 1987, et al. (author)
  • Arabinoxylan and Nanocellulose from a Kilogram-scale Extraction of Barley Husk
  • 2019
  • In: BioResources. - : BioResources. - 1930-2126 .- 1930-2126. ; 13:3, s. 6201-6220
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Processes of extracting hemicellulose from annual plants usually neglect the cellulose fraction. This study explored the possibility of obtaining both a hemicellulose and a cellulose fraction of sufficient quality for further use, with barley husks used as the raw material. An alkaline extraction was used to isolate the biopolymers by a process in which sodium dithionite replaced the traditional sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. The cellulose fraction was successfully transformed into nanocellulose by sulfuric acid hydrolysis, and the obtained hemicellulose (i.e., arabinoxylan) displayed carbohydrate composition characteristics similar to those previously reported in the literature for processes of extracting hemicellulose from barley husks. Using this methodology, both the cellulose and hemicellulose can be isolated in high quantities of dry material and used for transformation into new bio-based materials.
  •  
49.
  • Börjesson, Stefan, 1979-, et al. (author)
  • Detection of an IMI-2 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter asburiae at a Swedish feed mill
  • 2022
  • In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 13
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Occurrence of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae in livestock is of concern as they can spread to humans. A potential introduction route for these bacteria to livestock could be animal feed. We therefore wanted to identify if Escherichia spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., or Raoutella spp. with transferable resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems or colistin could be detected in the environment at feed mills in Sweden. A second aim was to compare detected isolates to previous described isolates from humans and animals in Sweden to establish relatedness which could indicate a potential transmission between sectors and feed mills as a source for antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, no isolates with transferable resistance to extended-cephalosporins or colistin could be identified, but one isolate belonging to the Enterobacter cloacae complex was shown to be carbapenem-resistant and showing carbapenemase-activity. Based on sequencing by both short-read Illumina and long-read Oxford Nanopore MinIon technologies it was shown that this isolate was an E. asburiae carrying a bla IMI-2 gene on a 216 Kbp plasmid, designated pSB89A/IMI-2, and contained the plasmid replicons IncFII, IncFIB, and a third replicon showing highest similarity to the IncFII(Yp). In addition, the plasmid contained genes for various functions such as plasmid segregation and stability, plasmid transfer and arsenical transport, but no additional antibiotic resistance genes. This isolate and the pSB89A/IMI-2 was compared to three human clinical isolates positive for bla IMI-2 available from the Swedish antibiotic monitoring program Swedres. It was shown that one of the human isolates carried a plasmid similar with regards to gene content to the pSB89A/IMI-2 except for the plasmid transfer system, but that the order of genes was different. The pSB89A/IMI-2 did however share the same transfer system as the bla IMI-2 carrying plasmids from the other two human isolates. The pSB89A/IMI-2 was also compared to previously published plasmids carrying bla IMI-2, but no identical plasmids could be identified. However, most shared part of the plasmid transfer system and DNA replication genes, and the bla IMI-2 gene was located next the transcription regulator imiR. The IS3-family insertion element downstream of imiR in the pSB89A was also related to the IS elements in other bla IMI-carrying plasmids.
  •  
50.
  • Cable, Jennifer, et al. (author)
  • Progress in vaccine development for infectious diseases : a Keystone Symposia report
  • 2023
  • In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1524:1, s. 65-86
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us many things, among the most important of which is that vaccines are one of the cornerstones of public health that help make modern longevity possible. While several different vaccines have been successful at stemming the morbidity and mortality associated with various infectious diseases, many pathogens/diseases remain recalcitrant to the development of effective vaccination. Recent advances in vaccine technology, immunology, structural biology, and other fields may yet yield insight that will address these diseases; they may also help improve societies' preparedness for future pandemics. On June 1-4, 2022, experts in vaccinology from academia, industry, and government convened for the Keystone symposium "Progress in Vaccine Development for Infectious Diseases" to discuss state-of-the-art technologies, recent advancements in understanding vaccine-mediated immunity, and new aspects of antigen design to aid vaccine effectiveness.
  •  
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