| 1. |
- Chatterjee, S., et al.
(författare)
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Protein Paucimannosylation Is an Enriched N-Glycosylation Signature of Human Cancers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 19:21-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While aberrant protein glycosylation is a recognized characteristic of human cancers, advances in glycoanalytics continue to discover new associations between glycoproteins and tumorigenesis. This glycomics‐centric study investigates a possible link between protein paucimannosylation, an under‐studied class of human N‐glycosylation [Man1‐3GlcNAc2Fuc0‐1], and cancer. The paucimannosidic glycans (PMGs) of 34 cancer cell lines and 133 tissue samples spanning 11 cancer types and matching non‐cancerous specimens are profiled from 467 published and unpublished PGC‐LC‐MS/MS N‐glycome datasets collected over a decade. PMGs, particularly Man2‐3GlcNAc2Fuc1, are prominent features of 29 cancer cell lines, but the PMG level varies dramatically across and within the cancer types (1.0–50.2%). Analyses of paired (tumor/non‐tumor) and stage‐stratified tissues demonstrate that PMGs are significantly enriched in tumor tissues from several cancer types including liver cancer (p = 0.0033) and colorectal cancer (p = 0.0017) and is elevated as a result of prostate cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia progression (p < 0.05). Surface expression of paucimannosidic epitopes is demonstrated on human glioblastoma cells using immunofluorescence while biosynthetic involvement of N‐acetyl‐β‐hexosaminidase is indicated by quantitative proteomics. This intriguing association between protein paucimannosylation and human cancers warrants further exploration to detail the biosynthesis, cellular location(s), protein carriers, and functions of paucimannosylation in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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| 2. |
- Davies, G., et al.
(författare)
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Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise during growth and bone mineral density and fractures in old age
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 355:9202, s. 469-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If exercise is to be recommended during growth, benefits in bone mineral density (BMD) must be maintained in old age and shown to prevent fractures. Our cross-sectional study of soccer players suggests that a high BMD is no longer recorded after retirement and fracture frequency is no less than predicted in old age.
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| 4. |
- Magnusson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise may induce reversible low bone mass in unloaded and high bone mass in weight-loaded skeletal regions
- 2001
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 12:11, s. 950-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise during growth and adolescence increases bone mineral density (BMD) in weight-loaded skeletal regions. The development of BMD in unloaded or minimally loaded regions during activity is unclear. We measured BMD in one unloaded, one partly loaded and one highly loaded skeletal region in 67 active soccer players, mean age 22.7 years (range 17-35 years), 128 former soccer players, mean age 54.0 years (range 19-85 years) and 138 controls, mean age 50.6 years (range 19-80 years). The active soccer players played at three different levels: premier league, 3rd league or 6th league. Duration of exercise in these three grou s was 12, 8 and 6 h/week, respectively. BMD (g/cm ) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the upper part of the skull (the unloaded skeletal region), the arms (the partly loaded region) and the femoral neck (the maximal loaded region). Data are presented as mean +/- SD. Active soccer players had 10.3 +/- 10.4% lower BMD in the upper part of the skull (p < 0.001), 1.4 +/- 6.3% higher BMD in the arm (NS) and 12.7 +/- 9.8% higher BMD in the femoral neck (p<0.001) compared with age- and gender-matched controls. All three levels of soccer players demonstrated, independent of activity level, the same discrepancies in BMD compared with controls. Former soccer players had lower BMD in the upper part of the skull until age 70 years and higher BMD in the femoral neck until age 50 years compared with controls. The BMD of the arm was not different in former soccer players compared with controls. In summary, active soccer players had lower BMD in the unloaded skeletal region, no difference in BMD in the partly loaded region and higher BMD in the weight-loaded region compared with controls. The discrepancies compared with controls diminished with age so that no differences were found in BMD after age 70 years. In conclusion, unloaded and weight-loaded skeletal regions may respond differently to increased and decreased physical activity.
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| 5. |
- Stenevi Lundgren, S., et al.
(författare)
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Low physical activity is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture—a 2-year prospective study in children
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 28:12, s. 3373-3378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: The study investigates the effect of physical activity (PA) on a composite score for fracture risk in pre-pubertal children. Low PA in children is related to the composite score for fracture risk and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the score. Introduction: This study evaluates if PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture. Research questions are the following: (i) What is the effect of physical activity (PA) on single traits and a composite score for fracture risk? (ii) Could this score be used to identify the level of PA needed to reach beneficial effects? Methods: This prospective population-based study included 269 children, aged 7–9 years at baseline while 246 attended the 2-year follow-up. We estimated duration of PA by questionnaires and measured traits that independently predict fractures. We then calculated gender specific Z-scores for each variable. The mean Z-score of all traits was used as a composite score for fracture risk. We tested correlation between duration of PA, each trait, and the composite score and group differences between children in different quartiles of PA. Results: At baseline, we found no correlation between duration of PA and any of the traits or the composite score. At follow-up, we found a correlation between PA and the composite score. Physical activity had an effect on composite score, and children in the lowest quartiles of PA had unbeneficial composite score compared to children in the other quartiles. Conclusion: Low PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture, and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the composite score.
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| 6. |
- Warsi, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Schlafen2 is a regulator of quiescence in adult murine hematopoietic stem cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 107:12, s. 2884-2896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, they primarily reside in quiescence. Despite the immense importance of this quiescent state, its maintenance and regulation is still incompletely understood. Schlafen2 (Slfn2) is a cytoplasmic protein known to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, quiescence, interferon response, and regulation of the immune system. Interestingly, Slfn2 is highly expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells. In order to investigate the role of Slfn2 in the regulation of HSC we have studied HSC function in the elektra mouse model, where the elektra allele of the Slfn2 gene contains a point mutation causing loss of function of the Slfn2 protein. We found that homozygosity for the elektra allele caused a decrease of primitive hematopoietic compartments in murine bone marrow. We further found that transplantation of elektra bone marrow and purified HSC resulted in a significantly reduced regenerative capacity of HSC in competitive transplantation settings. Importantly, we found that a significantly higher fraction of elektra HSC (as compared to wild-type HSC) were actively cycling, suggesting that the mutation in Slfn2 increases HSC proliferation. This additionally caused an increased amount of apoptotic stem and progenitor cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that dysregulation of Slfn2 results in a functional deficiency of primitive hematopoietic cells, which is particularly reflected by a drastically impaired ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system following transplantation and an increase in HSC proliferation. This study thus identifies Slfn2 as a novel and critical regulator of adult HSC and HSC quiescence.
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| 7. |
- Zillikens, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 x 10(-8)) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 x 10(-6)). Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/ near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/ near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.
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| 8. |
- Abramowski, A., et al.
(författare)
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The 2010 very high energy gamma-RAY flare and 10 years of multi-wavelength observations of M 87
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 746:2, s. 151-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10(9) M-circle dot) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of tau(rise)(d) = (1.69 +/- 0.30) days and tau(decay)(d) = (0.611 +/- 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (similar to day), peak fluxes (Phi(>0.35 TeV) similar or equal to (1-3) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1)), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken similar to 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor similar to 2; variability timescale <2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.
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| 9. |
- Acciari, V. A., et al.
(författare)
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Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy gamma-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 325:5939, s. 444-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accretion of matter onto a massive black hole is believed to feed the relativistic plasma jets found in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). Although some AGN accelerate particles to energies exceeding 10(12) electron volts and are bright sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission, it is not yet known where the VHE emission originates. Here we report on radio and VHE observations of the radio galaxy Messier 87, revealing a period of extremely strong VHE gamma-ray flares accompanied by a strong increase of the radio flux from its nucleus. These results imply that charged particles are accelerated to very high energies in the immediate vicinity of the black hole.
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| 10. |
- Actis, M., et al.
(författare)
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Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA : an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 32:3, s. 193-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
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| 11. |
- Bale, S. D., et al.
(författare)
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The FIELDS Instrument Suite for Solar Probe Plus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 204:1-4, s. 49-82
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- NASA's Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission will make the first in situ measurements of the solar corona and the birthplace of the solar wind. The FIELDS instrument suite on SPP will make direct measurements of electric and magnetic fields, the properties of in situ plasma waves, electron density and temperature profiles, and interplanetary radio emissions, amongst other things. Here, we describe the scientific objectives targeted by the SPP/FIELDS instrument, the instrument design itself, and the instrument concept of operations and planned data products.
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| 12. |
- Casen, C., et al.
(författare)
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Deviations in human gut microbiota: a novel diagnostic test for determining dysbiosis in patients with IBS or IBD
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 42:1, s. 71-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDysbiosis is associated with many diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), obesity and diabetes. Potential clinical impact of imbalance in the intestinal microbiota suggests need for new standardised diagnostic methods to facilitate microbiome profiling. AimTo develop and validate a novel diagnostic test using faecal samples to profile the intestinal microbiota and identify and characterise dysbiosis. MethodsFifty-four DNA probes targeting 300 bacteria on different taxonomic levels were selected based on ability to distinguish between healthy controls and IBS patients in faecal samples. Overall, 165 healthy controls (normobiotic reference collection) were used to develop a dysbiosis model with a bacterial profile and Dysbiosis Index score output. The model algorithmically assesses faecal bacterial abundance and profile, and potential clinically relevant deviation in the microbiome from normobiosis. This model was tested in different samples from healthy volunteers and IBS and IBD patients (n=330) to determine the ability to detect dysbiosis. ResultsValidation confirms dysbiosis was detected in 73% of IBS patients, 70% of treatment-naive IBD patients and 80% of IBD patients in remission, vs. 16% of healthy individuals. Comparison of deep sequencing and the GA-map Dysbiosis Test, (Genetic Analysis AS, Oslo, Norway) illustrated good agreement in bacterial capture; the latter showing higher resolution by targeting pre-determined highly relevant bacteria. ConclusionsThe GA-map Dysbiosis Test identifies and characterises dysbiosis in IBS and IBD patients, and provides insight into a patient's intestinal microbiota. Evaluating microbiota as a diagnostic strategy may allow monitoring of prescribed treatment regimens and improvement in new therapeutic approaches.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Dahl, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Correction of pathology in mice displaying Gaucher disease type 1 by a clinically-applicable lentiviral vector
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2329-0501. ; 20, s. 312-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates a clinically applicable lentiviral vector for treatment of Gaucher disease type 1. Hematopoietic stem cells transduced with the vector and transplanted into a mouse model successfully halted or reversed pathology. These data were used as proof-of-concept for regulatory filing enabling the commencement of an international phase 1/2 clinical trial.
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| 16. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic capacity related to cardiac size in young children.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - 0022-4707. ; 53:1, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:Aerobic capacity, defined as peak oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK), is generally considered to be the best single marker for aerobic fitness. We assessed if VO2PEAK is related to different cardiac dimensions in healthy young children on a population base. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 245 children (137 boys and 108 girls) aged 8-11 years, were recruited from a population based cohort. VO2PEAK (ml/min-1/kg-1) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test. DXA-scan was used to measure lean body mass (LBM) and total fat mass (TBF). Echocardiography, with 2-dimensional guided M-mode, was performed in accordance with current guidelines. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD) and left atrial end-systolic diameter (LA) were measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Results: Univariate correlations were found between VO2PEAK versus LVDD r=0.44 and LA r=0.27 (both P<0.05) and LVM r=-0.06 (NS) in boys. Corresponding values for girls were; 0.55, 0.34 (both P<0.05) and 0.11 (NS). Multiple regression analysis with VO2PEAK as dependent variable and inclusion of LBM, TBF, sex, age, Tanner stage, and maximal heart rate as independent variables showed that 67% of the total variance of VO2PEAK could be explained by these variables. Including LVDD or LA in the model, added 1% additional explained variance. Conclusion: Findings from this population based cohort of young healthy children show that multiple cardiac dimensions at rest are related to VO2PEAK. However, the different cardiac dimensions contributed very little to the added explained variance of VO2PEAK.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daily physical activity related to aerobic fitness and body fat in an urban sample of children.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 18, s. 728-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates associations between objectively measured daily physical activity vs aerobic fitness and body fat in children aged 8-11 years. A cross-sectional study of 225 children aged 7.9-11.1 years was performed. Abdominal fat mass (AFM) and total body fat (TBF) were quantified by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. TBF was calculated as percentage of total body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Aerobic fitness was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test. Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 4 days and daily accumulation of moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous activity was calculated. Significant relationships (P<0.05) existed for vigorous activity vs ln BF% (r=-0.40), ln AFM (r=-0.35), TBF/AFM (r=-0.22) and aerobic fitness (r=0.38), whereas moderate-to-vigorous activity displayed weaker relationships (-0.22, -0.18, -0.12 NS, and 0.25). Multiple regression analyses with inclusion of possible confounders concluded that vigorous activity was independently related to aerobic fitness and ln BF% or ln AFM. Moderate-to-vigorous activity was only independently related to aerobic fitness. In this population, low daily accumulation of vigorous activity was, already in children aged 8-11 years, associated with more body fat and lower aerobic fitness. A similar relation was not found for daily accumulation of moderate-to-vigorous activity.
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| 19. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daily physical activity related to body fat in children aged 8-11 years
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6833 .- 0022-3476. ; 149:1, s. 38-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the association between objectively measured daily Study design Cross-sectional, observational, study of 248 children aged 7.9 to 11.1 years. Abdominal fat mass and total body fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 4 days. Results Total body fat expressed as a percentage of body mass was inversely related to minutes of vigorous physical activity per day, for all children r = -0.38 (P < .05). Children, both boys and girls, in the highest quartile of body fat performed on average 12 minutes less vigorous activity per day compared with their counterparts in the lowest quartile. Multiple regression analysis revealed that independent factors for body fat were number of minutes of vigorous activity per day and sex. Conclusion Low physical activity can be a contributing factor in childhood obesity. Only longitudinal studies, however, can give more definitive information about the relation between daily physical activity and obesity.
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| 20. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively measured daily physical activity related to cardiac size in young children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; Aug 5, s. 664-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Training studies in children have suggested that endurance training can give enlargement of cardiac dimensions. This relationship has not been studied on a population-based level in young children with objective methods. A cross-sectional study was made of 248 children (140 boys and 108 girls), aged 8-11 years, from a population-based cohort. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD) and left atrial end-systolic diameter (LA) were measured with echocardiography and indexed for body surface area (BSA). Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry, and the duration of vigorous physical activity per day (VPA) was calculated. Acceptable accelerometer and echocardiography measurements were obtained in 228 children (boys=127, girls=101). Univariate correlations between VPA and LVDD were indexed for BSA in boys (r=0.27, P<0.05) and in girls (r=0.10, NS). Multiple regression analysis showed that independent factors for LVDD, indexed for BSA for boys, were age and VPA. LA indexed for BSA was not related to physical activity variables in either gender. No clear relationship exists between cardiac size and daily physical activity in children aged 8-11 years. This suggests that significant cardiac remodelling due to volume exposure secondary to a high amount of physical activity begins later in life.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Estrada, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:5, s. 491-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.
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| 23. |
- Harvey, N. C., et al.
(författare)
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Sarcopenia Definitions as Predictors of Fracture Risk Independent of FRAX(R), Falls, and BMD in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study: A Meta-Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 36:7, s. 1235-1244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived appendicular lean mass/height(2) (ALM/ht(2)) is the most commonly used estimate of muscle mass in the assessment of sarcopenia, but its predictive value for fracture is substantially attenuated by femoral neck (fn) bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated predictive value of 11 sarcopenia definitions for incident fracture, independent of fnBMD, fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX(R)) probability, and prior falls, using an extension of Poisson regression in US, Sweden, and Hong Kong Osteoporois Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) cohorts. Definitions tested were those of Baumgartner and Delmonico (ALM/ht(2) only), Morley, the International Working Group on Sarcopenia, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1 and 2), Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) 1 and 2 (using ALM/body mass index [BMI], incorporating muscle strength and/or physical performance measures plus ALM/ht(2)), and Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (gait speed and grip strength). Associations were adjusted for age and time since baseline and reported as hazard ratio (HR) for first incident fracture, here major osteoporotic fracture (MOF; clinical vertebral, hip, distal forearm, proximal humerus). Further analyses adjusted additionally for FRAX-MOF probability (n = 7531; calculated +/- fnBMD), prior falls (y/n), or fnBMD T-score. Results were synthesized by meta-analysis. In 5660 men in USA, 2764 Sweden and 1987 Hong Kong (mean ages 73.5, 75.4, and 72.4 years, respectively), sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 35%. Sarcopenia status, by all definitions except those of FNIH, was associated with incident MOF (HR = 1.39 to 2.07). Associations were robust to adjustment for prior falls or FRAX probability (without fnBMD); adjustment for fnBMD T-score attenuated associations. EWGSOP2 severe sarcopenia (incorporating chair stand time, gait speed, and grip strength plus ALM) was most predictive, albeit at low prevalence, and appeared only modestly influenced by inclusion of fnBMD. In conclusion, the predictive value for fracture of sarcopenia definitions based on ALM is reduced by adjustment for fnBMD but strengthened by additional inclusion of physical performance measures. (c) 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hovd, M., et al.
(författare)
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Neither Gastric Bypass Surgery Nor Diet-Induced Weight-Loss Affect OATP1B1 Activity as Measured by Rosuvastatin Oral Clearance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0312-5963 .- 1179-1926. ; 62:5, s. 725-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionRosuvastatin pharmacokinetics is mainly dependent on the activity of hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1. In this study, we aimed to investigate and disentangle the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and weight loss on oral clearance (CL/F) of rosuvastatin as a measure of OATP1B1-activity.MethodsPatients with severe obesity preparing for RYGB (n = 40) or diet-induced weight loss (n = 40) were included and followed for 2 years, with four 24-hour pharmacokinetic investigations. Both groups underwent a 3-week low-energy diet (LED; < 1200 kcal/day), followed by RYGB or a 6-week very-low-energy diet (VLED; < 800 kcal/day).ResultsA total of 80 patients were included in the RYGB group (40 patients) and diet-group (40 patients). The weight loss was similar between the groups following LED and RYGB. The LED induced a similar (mean [95% CI]) decrease in CL/F in both intervention groups (RYGB: 16% [0, 31], diet: 23% [8, 38]), but neither induced VLED resulted in any further changes in CL/F. At Year 2, CL/F had increased by 21% from baseline in the RYGB group, while it was unaltered in the diet group. Patients expressing the reduced function SLCO1B1 variants (c.521TC/CC) showed similar changes in CL/F over time compared with patients expressing the wild-type variant.ConclusionsNeither body weight, weight loss nor RYGB per se seem to affect OATP1B1 activity to a clinically relevant degree. Overall, the observed changes in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics were minor, and unlikely to be of clinical relevance.
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| 28. |
- Hulden, E., et al.
(författare)
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Osteoporosis in cirrhotics before and after liver transplantation: relation with malnutrition and inflammatory status
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 55:3, s. 354-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Liver cirrhosis is associated with osteoporosis and liver transplantation (LT) with increased bone loss. This study aimed to in LT candidates investigate the potential relation between bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD loss in those who undergo LT, with malnutrition, systemic inflammation, and hormonal status. Methods: We included 102 consecutively recruited cirrhotic LT candidates between May 2004 and April 2007. BMD was assessed by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Malnutrition was defined by means of anthropometry and assessment of recent weight loss. In 75/102 patients, serum-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodthyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone (GH), cortisol, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was assessed. Overall 57/102 patients received a LT and 47/102 were followed for one year post-LT. At follow-up, nutritional status and BMD were assessed in all patients (n = 47) while 34/47 had available blood samples for analysis. Results: Forty (40%) LT- candidates had osteopenia or osteoporosis and 34 (38%) were malnourished. Malnutrition was associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis (odds ratio: 3.5, 95% CI 1.4, 9.9). Hip BMD Z-score decreased -0.25 (95% CI -0.41, -0.09) from baseline to one year post-LT. High baseline TNF-alpha correlated with a more marked decline in BMD (Partial correlation (r) = -0.47, p < .05) as did high baseline cortisol levels (r = -0.49, p < .05). Conclusion: Malnutrition in liver cirrhosis seems to be associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis, and systemic inflammation (higher TNF-alpha) and systemic stress (higher cortisol) to bone loss in patients who undergo LT.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Johansson, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Hematopoietic stem cell-targeted neonatal gene therapy reverses lethally progressive osteopetrosis in oc/oc mice
- 2007
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 109:12, s. 5178-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is a fatal disease caused by lack of functional osteoclasts, and the only available treatment is hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. In the majority of patients, the TCIRG1 gene, coding for a subunit of a proton pump essential for bone resorption, is mutated. Oc/oc mice have a deletion in the homologue gene (tcirg1) and die at 3 to 4 weeks, but can be rescued by neonatal transplantation of HSCs. Here, HSC-targeted gene therapy of osteopetrosis in the oc/oc mouse model was developed. Oc/oc fetal liver cells depleted of Ter119-expressing erythroid cells were transduced with a retroviral vector expressing tcirg1 and GFP, and subsequently transplanted intraperitoneally to irradiated neonatal oc/oc mice. Eight of 15 mice survived past the normal life span of oc/oc mice. In vitro osteoclastogenesis revealed formation of GFP-positive osteoclasts and bone resorption, albeit at a lower level than from wild-type cells. The skeletal phenotype was analyzed by X-ray and histopathology and showed partial correction at 8 weeks and almost normalization after 18 weeks. In summary, osteopetrosis in oc/oc mice can be reversed by neonatal transplantation of gene-modified HSCs leading to long-term survival. This represents a significant step toward the development of gene therapy for osteopetrosis.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Kanis, J A, et al.
(författare)
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Previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. - : Springer Nature. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 34:12, s. 2027-2045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large international meta-analysis using primary data from 64 cohorts has quantified the increased risk of fracture associated with a previous history of fracture for future use in FRAX.The aim of this study was to quantify the fracture risk associated with a prior fracture on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, time since baseline and bone mineral density (BMD).We studied 665,971 men and 1,438,535 women from 64 cohorts in 32 countries followed for a total of 19.5 million person-years. The effect of a prior history of fracture on the risk of any clinical fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using an extended Poisson model in each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex, BMD, and duration of follow-up. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted β-coefficients.A previous fracture history, compared with individuals without a prior fracture, was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture (hazard ratio, HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.72-2.07). The risk ratio was similar for the outcome of osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.69-2.07), major osteoporotic fracture (HR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.63-2.06), or for hip fracture (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.62-2.06). There was no significant difference in risk ratio between men and women. Subsequent fracture risk was marginally downward adjusted when account was taken of BMD. Low BMD explained a minority of the risk for any clinical fracture (14%), osteoporotic fracture (17%), and for hip fracture (33%). The risk ratio for all fracture outcomes related to prior fracture decreased significantly with adjustment for age and time since baseline examination.A previous history of fracture confers an increased risk of fracture of substantial importance beyond that explained by BMD. The effect is similar in men and women. Its quantitation on an international basis permits the more accurate use of this risk factor in case finding strategies.
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| 34. |
- Karasik, D., et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling the genetics of lean mass
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 109:2, s. 276-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lean body mass (LM) plays an important role in mobility and metabolic function. We previously identified five loci associated with LM adjusted for fat mass in kilograms. Such an adjustment may reduce the power to identify genetic signals having an association with both lean mass and fat mass. Objectives: To determine the impact of different fat mass adjustments on genetic architecture of LM and identify additional LM loci. Methods: We performed genome-wide association analyses for whole-body LM (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, age(2), and height with or without fat mass adjustments (Model 1 no fat adjustment; Model 2 adjustment for fat mass as a percentage of body mass; Model 3 adjustment for fat mass in kilograms). Results: Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in separate loci, including one novel LM locus (TNRC6B), were successfully replicated in an additional 47,227 individuals from 29 cohorts. Based on the strengths of the associations in Model 1 vs Model 3, we divided the LM loci into those with an effect on both lean mass and fat mass in the same direction and refer to those as "sumo wrestler" loci (FTO and MC4R). In contrast, loci with an impact specifically on LMwere termed "body builder" loci (VCAN and ADAMTSL3). Using existing available genome-wide association study databases, LM increasing alleles of SNPs in sumo wrestler loci were associated with an adverse metabolic profile, whereas LM increasing alleles of SNPs in "body builder" loci were associated with metabolic protection. Conclusions: In conclusion, we identified one novel LM locus (TNRC6B). Our results suggest that a genetically determined increase in lean mass might exert either harmful or protective effects on metabolic traits, depending on its relation to fat mass.
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| 35. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Age, gender, and fragility fractures are associated with differences in quantitative ultrasound independent of bone mineral density
- 2001
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Ingår i: Bone. - 1873-2763. ; 28:1, s. 118-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone strength is determined by bone mineral density (BMD) and bone structure. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures BMD. Whether quantitative ultrasound (qUS) measures a property of bone distinct from BMD is uncertain. To evaluate this, DXA and qUS were measured in 58 fracture patients and 428 controls. To study the independent effects of age and gender on qUS measurements and control for BMD by study design rather than statistical methods, subgroups from the normative database were created and intentionally matched by the same femoral neck (FN) BMD. Speed of sound (SOS; m/sec), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; dB/MHz), and stiffness index (SI) were then compared in individuals matched by FN BMD but differing in age, gender, and presence or absence of fractures. The results are presented as percentage difference (mean +/- SD). Elderly women with the same FN BMD as young women had 1 +/- 2% lower SOS (p < 0.05), 8 +/- 15% lower SI (p < 0.05), and 4 +/- 9% lower BUA (p = 0.07). Elderly women with the same FN BMD as elderly men had 5 +/- 9% lower BUA (p < 0.05). Elderly men with the same FN BMD as young men had 1 +/- 2% lower SOS (p = 0.1), 5 +/- 14% lower SI (p = 0.2), and 1 +/- 9% lower BUA (n.s.). Young women with the same FN BMD as young men had 2 +/- 7% lower BUA (n.s.). Women with fragility fractures had 8 +/- 11% lower BUA (p < 0.001) and 13 +/- 22% lower SI (p < 0.01) than controls with no fractures matched by FN BMD, age, and gender. Men with fragility fractures had 13 +/- 12% lower BUA (p < 0.01) and 16 +/- 19% lower SI (p < 0.05) than controls with no fractures matched by FN BMD, age, and gender. Despite comparable femoral neck BMD, qUS measurements differed according to age, gender, and fracture status, suggesting that qUS may provide additional information independent of femoral neck BMD, such as differences in connectivity or other properties yet to be identified.
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| 36. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Bone loss following tibial osteotomy: a model for evaluating post-traumatic osteopenia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 11:3, s. 261-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reduced bone mineral density (BMD) found in patients with fractures may, in part, follow rather than precede the fracture. We studied the magnitude and reversibility of bone loss in the 15 months following osteotomy in 21 men and 5 women with localized medial arthritis of the knee. BMD (mean +/- SD), measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, decreased by a maximum of 35 +/- 21% in the mid-diaphysis of the affected tibia at 9 months after surgery (p < 0.001). At 15 months, reversal of bone loss in non-fractured bones was incomplete; the remaining deficit was 20 +/- 27% relative to baseline (p < 0.001). Maximum bone loss occurred at 9 months at the total body (5 +/- 2%), spine (15 +/- 17%) and at Ward's triangle of the proximal femur of the unoperated limb (10 +/- 17%) (all p < 0.01). In summary, post-traumatic bone loss is region-specific with incomplete reversibility, at least after about 15 months. Deficits in BMD in cross-sectional studies of patients with fractures, held to be responsible for the bone fragility, may, in part, follow rather than precede the fracture.
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| 37. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral loss after lower extremity trauma. 62 cases followed for 15-38 years
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 64:3, s. 4-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 62 former patients, who had been treated at our department for tibial shaft fracture (n 38) or knee ligament injury (n 24) 15-38 years earlier, were re-evaluated for post-traumatic osteopenia. 62 age- and sex-matched subjects without fracture served as controls. By means of a Lunar DEXA apparatus we measured the bone mineral density (BMD) in the total body, the hips and special regions of interest (ROI) in the lower extremities. We found a difference in the BMD between the injured and uninjured legs, most obvious in the femur condyle. Measurements of bone mineral loss early after the injury did not correlate with the present late measurements. The former fracture patients had at the time of follow-up the same BMD in the rest of their bodies as a whole, compared with controls. We conclude that post-traumatic osteopenia is still evident in the injured leg decades after the injury.
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| 38. |
- Karlsson, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral mass in hip fracture patients
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282. ; 14:2, s. 161-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) and some anthropometric variables in patients with hip fracture, to compare these data with those from controls, and to compare the fractured and unfractured hip. Bone mineral measurements with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were undertaken in 93 consecutive hip fracture patients, 26 men and 67 women, with a mean age of 75 and 78 years, respectively, within 10 days after injury. We found lower BMD in most measurements in both men and women compared with age- and sex-matched controls. The body weight and lean body mass were also significantly lower in the male hip fracture patients; in women only weight was lower. In women there was lower BMD in spine and hip in those who had sustained trochanteric hip fractures compared with those with cervical fracture. No such difference was found in men. There was no difference in BMD in the hip when patients with stable and unstable fractures were compared. In the fractured and nonfractured hips we measured BMD in regions of interest. In women with trochanteric hip fractures the BMD was decreased in the fractured hip compared with the uninjured. No such difference was found for cervical fractures or in men.
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| 39. |
- Karlsson, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Prevalent Vertebral Fractures Predict New Fractures in Elderly Men
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 98:5, s. 379-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies have shown that specific characteristics of prevalent vertebral fractures are associated with a markedly low bone mineral density. This study evaluates if these characteristics also predict subsequent fractures. Methods: MrOS (Mister Osteoporosis) Sweden is a population-based, prospective observational study that includes 3014 community-living men who are sixty-nine to eighty-one years of age. At baseline, 1453 men underwent lateral thoracic and lumbar spine radiography; radiographs of 1427 men were readable. A radiologist identified and characterized prevalent vertebral fractures. Incident fractures during the next five and ten years were objectively registered with use of radiographs. The annual fracture incidence and relative risk of sustaining new fractures were assessed for men with and without baseline prevalent vertebral fracture. Data are presented as the mean and the 95% confidence interval. Results: There were 215 men (15.1%) with at least one prevalent vertebral fracture. During the five-year follow-up, these men had a relative risk of 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 4.3) of sustaining new fractures. The relative risk of sustaining any fracture was especially high in men with two or more prevalent vertebral fractures at 5.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 7.8), in men with different types of prevalent vertebral fractures at 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 3.6 to 8.5), in men with prevalent fractures in both the thoracic and lumbar regions at 6.4 (95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 8.8), and in men with prevalent fractures with a degree of vertebral body compression in the three worst quartiles, with the relative risk for the worst quartile at 4.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 5.9). Conclusions: Older men with a prevalent vertebral fracture have three times increased risk of sustaining new fractures compared with men without a vertebral fracture. Older men with two or more prevalent vertebral fractures, different types of fractures (wedge, biconcave, and/or crush), fractures in both the thoracic and lumbar regions, and a degree of vertebral body compression in the three worst quartiles are at an especially high risk of sustaining new fractures. Older men with prevalent vertebral fractures should be considered for fracture-prevention efforts.
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| 40. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture incidence after tibial shaft fractures. A 30-year follow-up study
- 1993
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Ingår i: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - 0009-921X. ; :287, s. 9-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on all patients with tibial shaft fracture (n = 767) treated in the department of orthopedics in Malmö from 1955 to 1963, a retrospective cohort study was performed in 1990. Two hundred sixty-nine of the patients were still living in Malmö or had died in the city. Since all roentgenograms were available, all other fractures that this group of patients had sustained up to 1990 were included. Data were compared with an age- and gender-matched control group with respect to location and types of fractures. The group with previous tibial shaft fractures had an increased incidence of all sorts of fractures. When comparing the risk of sustaining new fractures in the previously fractured limb with the uninjured side, only a statistically insignificant tendency toward more fractures was found. A similar tendency was observed in fractures of the upper limb. Therefore, remaining osteopenia in the injured limb after tibial shaft fracture is not associated with further fractures; rather, this group of patients were more fracture prone in general.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Indicators of bone formation in weight lifters
- 1995
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - 1432-0827. ; 56:3, s. 177-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity has been suggested to be one of the determinants of bone turnover and to prevent age-related bone loss. To examine this we measured the serum levels of osteocalcin (bone Gla-protein, BGP), C-terminal procollagen peptide (PICP), serum alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and S-calcium as indices of bone formation in 19 actively performing and 15 ex-lifters. All were nationally or internationally ranked male athletes. Their values were compared with those from 38 age- and gender-matched controls. Actively performing weight lifters had 35% higher (P < 0.05) serum concentration of osteocalcin than the controls. The ex-lifters did not differ from the age-matched controls. Also serum calcium was elevated in active lifters (6%) (P < 0.01) but not in ex-lifters. No difference was found for serum-ALP, B-ALP, or PICP in either of the groups. Our study indicates that in addition to an already documented and well-known higher bone mineral density in heavily exercising athletes, they have an indication of higher bone formation as measured by biochemical markers. In athletes who have retired from competitional training, however, the bone formation does not differ from that of more sedentary controls.
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| 43. |
- Karlsson, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Post-traumatic osteoarthrosis after tibial shaft fractures A 30-year-follow-up
- 1993
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Ingår i: Orthopedie Traumatologie. - 1633-8065. ; 3:3, s. 255-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1990, a retrospective case control study was performed based on all patients with tibial shaft fractures (n = 767) treated at the Department of Orthopaedics in Malmö 1949-1963. At the time of the study 231 of the patients were still living in Malmö . All radiographic examinations of this latter group from the time of the fracture to 1990 were studied and the occurrence of osteoarthrosis (OA) of the hip, knee and ankle joints were registered. The fracture patients were compared with an age and sex-matched control group. The group with previous tibial shaft fracture had an increased prevalence of OA in the lower extremities compared with the controls. When comparing the risk of OA in the once fractured limb with the uninjured side we found no difference. We conclude that there is no risk of having posttraumatic OA after extra-articular tibial shaft fractures.
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| 44. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Remodeling of the spinal canal deformed by trauma
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Spinal Disorders. - 0895-0385. ; 10:2, s. 157-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computed tomography (CT) examinations and functional scores were evaluated in 28 patients with thoracolumbar fractures with intraspinal fragments, of whom 20 underwent operation. The cross-sectional area and the sagittal and frontal diameters of the spinal canal were measured after the injury, postoperatively, and at follow-up (mean, 6 years). The operative reduction significantly increased both diameter and area of the spinal canal. During follow-up, a further significant increase of the sagittal diameter and the area was noted, in both surgically and conservatively treated patients. There was no difference in remodeling between the groups. Six patients in the surgically treated group had neurologic deficits at admission, five had improved, and one remained unchanged at follow-up. The presence or absence of intraspinal fragments should not influence the treatment strategy per se in cases without neurologic signs.
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| 45. |
- Karlsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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The prevention of osteoporotic fractures.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: British Volume. - 2044-5377. ; 87:10, s. 1320-1327
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Karlsson, P. G., et al.
(författare)
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TiO2 chemical vapor deposition on Si(111) in ultrahigh vacuum: Transition from interfacial phase to crystalline phase in the reaction limited regime
- 2011
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 605:13-14, s. 1147-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between the metal organic precursor molecule titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) and three different surfaces has been studied: Si(111)-(7 x 7), SiOx/Si(111) and TiO2. These surfaces represent the different surface compositions encountered during TTIP mediated TiO2 chemical vapor deposition on Si(111). The surface chemistry of the titanium(IV) isopropoxide precursor and the film growth have been explored by core level photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The resulting film morphology has been imaged with scanning tunneling microscopy. The growth rate depends on both surface temperature and surface composition. The behavior can be rationalized in terms of the surface stability of isopropoxy and isopropyl groups, confirming that growth at 573 K is a reaction limited process. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
- Karlsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of delta-doped SiC epitaxial layers
- 2001
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Ingår i: SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, ECSCRM2000. ; , s. 563-566
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- N- and p-type delta -doped SiC epitaxial layers have been grown by vapour phase epitaxy and characterised by SIMS and CV measurements. Different techniques of achieving delta -doped layers are examined. Doping profiles with FWHM from 1 to 10nm have been obtained at different peak concentrations.
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| 50. |
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