| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Impact and process evaluation of the Swedish national energy audit program for small and medium-sized industries
- 2012
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In: eceee 2012 Industrial Summer Study. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198048209 - 9789198048216 ; , s. 73-80
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In April 2006 the EU adopted the so-called Energy End-Use efficiency and Energy Services Directive that gives energy audit programs a central role for promoting energy efficiency. As a consequence Sweden launched a program to support implementations of energy audits in Swedish companies, the so-called energy audit checks, in April 2010. The program is constructed so that a company that performs an energy audit gets subsidy of 50 % of the audit cost, up to a maximum value of 3300 EUR, when performed an approved energy audit. The program targets small and medium sized companies, as the maximum subsidy indicates. The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation of the initial phase of this Swedish energy audit program. The results include bottom-up data on potentials and outcome of the program and comparison with other previous programs. Expected results, in addition to bottom-up data, will include the need to involve regional and municipal actors in the program, a need for formulation of program goals and a need for a standardized energy audit tool. The energy efficiency potential for the 300 energy audits approved so far in the program is estimated to around 20 %. 1000-2000 energy audits are estimated to be approved within the program, which makes it by far the largest Energy audit program in Sweden. The already funded energy audits indicate an implementation rate of the proposed measures of 20-40 %.
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| 3. |
- Nordanstig, Annika, 1974, et al.
(author)
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EndoVAscular treatment and ThRombolysis for Ischemic Stroke Patients (EVA-TRISP) registry: basis and methodology of a pan-European prospective ischaemic stroke revascularisation treatment registry.
- 2021
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In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaboration was a concerted effort initiated in 2010 with the purpose to address relevant research questions about the effectiveness and safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). The collaboration also aims to prospectively collect data on patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) and hence the name of the collaboration was changed from TRISP to EVA-TRISP. The methodology of the former TRISP registry for patients treated with IVT has already been published. This paper focuses on describing the EVT part of the registry.All centres committed to collecting predefined variables on consecutive patients prospectively. We aim for accuracy and completeness of the data and to adapt local databases to investigate novel research questions. Herein, we introduce the methodology of a recently constructed academic investigator-initiated open collaboration EVT registry built as an extension of an existing IVT registry in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).Currently, the EVA-TRISP network includes 20 stroke centres with considerable expertise in EVT and maintenance of high-quality hospital-based registries. Following several successful randomised controlled trials (RCTs), many important clinical questions remain unanswered in the (EVT) field and some of them will unlikely be investigated in future RCTs. Prospective registries with high-quality data on EVT-treated patients may help answering some of these unanswered issues, especially on safety and efficacy of EVT in specific patient subgroups.This collaborative effort aims at addressing clinically important questions on safety and efficacy of EVT in conditions not covered by RCTs. The TRISP registry generated substantial novel data supporting stroke physicians in their daily decision making considering IVT candidate patients. While providing observational data on EVT in daily clinical practice, our future findings may likewise be hypothesis generating for future research as well as for quality improvement (on EVT). The collaboration welcomes participation of further centres willing to fulfill the commitment and the outlined requirements.
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| 4. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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A standardized energy audit tool for improved energy efficiency in industrial SMEs
- 2012
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In: eceee 2012 Industrial Summer Study. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198048209 - 9789198048216 ; , s. 659-668
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Improved energy efficiency in industrial energy systems is for example of outmost importace as a mean to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce energy costs. The energy efficiency potential in European industry is stated by the European Commission to be 25 percent, where the majority of the measures are found in pumps, fans and lighting. Despite extensive attention given to energy efficiency, research states that a majority of avaliable cost-efficient energy efficiency measures are not implemented due to the existence of various barriers to energy efficiency, in particular information-related barriers. Energy audits, and energy audit programs, are one of the most widespread and used instruments to overcome barriers to energy efficiency and promoting energy efficiency in industry. In particular when it is related to generic technologies and industrial small- and medium-sized enterprizes. Despite the importance of energy audits, and the fact that a large number of energy audit programs are in operation in the EU and across the world, there is a considerable lack of so called energy audit tools, i.e. a standardized tool to conduct the actual energy audit. The aim of this paper is to present an energy audit tool for industrial SMEs. The tool is based on more than three decades of research and teaching in the area of energy audting in industry, covering more than 300 energy audits, primarly conducted in Sweden. The developed tool uses unit process categorization, which enables energy auditors and energy program administrators to conduct energy audits in a standardized way.
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| 5. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Energieffektivisering : energikartläggning, energiledning och styrmedel
- 2019. - 1:1
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Effektiv energianvändning i svensk tillverkningsindustri är en nyckelfaktor för att svenska företag, branscher och industrin som helhet även fortsättningsvis ska vara konkurrenskraftiga på en global marknad med knappare resurser. Denna bok är ett led i den riktningen.
Boken är uppdelad i tre delar: Del I har sin utgångspunkt i energieffektiviseringsgapet och fokuserar på energikartläggning och energieffektivisering av företag, framför allt ur ett tekniskt perspektiv. Del II har sin utgångspunkt i energiledningsgapet och fokuserar på energiledning samt hinder och incitament för energieffektivisering i svensk tillverkningsindustri. Del III har sin utgångspunkt i styrmedelsgapet och inriktas mot styrmedel för energieffektivisering och hur dessa kan designas, implementeras och utvärderas.
De två första delarna riktar sig framför allt till studenter vid svenska lärosäten samt till energi- och miljöansvariga, teknikkonsulter, kommunala tillsynstjänstemän och andra offentliga aktörer vid exempelvis regionala energikontor. Del III riktar sig i första hand till aktörer som administrerar och ansvarar för styrmedel på nationell, regional och lokal nivå. Denna del kan även vara till nytta för koncerner som vill ta ett helhetsgrepp på energifrågan samt till företag som vill minska energianvändningens negativa miljöpåverkan i hela värdekedjan, inklusive underleverantörer.
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| 6. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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EUs 2020-mål avseende primärenergi : en studie av effekterna för svensk industri
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hotet om globala klimatförändringar till följd av ökade utsläpp av växthusgaser som i sin tur är en följd av framförallt användningen av fossila bränslen för energitillförsel, har fått beslutsfattare inom EU att agera kraftfullt. År 2006 kom EU med det så kallade energitjänstedirektivet (ESD) som syftar till att minska slutenergianvändningen med 9 procent fram till 2016. Utöver direktivet har EU fastställt de så kallade 2020-målen som i relation till energi innebär att Sverige ska effektivisera primärenergianvändningen med 20 procent fram till år 2020 beräknad utifrån en projicierad nivå baserad på 2005-års primärenergianvändning. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka effekten, i form av minskad energianvändning, som EUs 2020-mål beträffande primärenergi medför för svensk industri.Arbetet avgränsas till att omfatta primärenergimålet för 2020 och dess implikationer för den svenska industrisektorn. I relation till detta antagande bör det nämnas att åtgärder i industrin inte nödvändigtvis behöver vara det mest kostnadseffektiva sättet att uppfylla målet på eftersom styrmedel mot t.ex. transportsektorn kan ha högre kostnadseffektivitet. Det bör alltså noteras att en bedömning av energiintensiteten på sektorsnivå kan bli missvisande.Resultatet från denna studie visar att om 2020-målet avseende primärenergi ska kunna uppnås kommer det att leda till kraftiga förändringar av användning och tillförsel av energi i svensk industri. De två styrmedel avseende energieffektivisering som inbegripits i bedömningen, PFE och energikartläggningschecken, räcker inte för att målet ska nås. Bedömningen som görs i denna rapport är att insatser som leder till cirka 35,0 TWh/år minskad slutenergianvändning måste komma till stånd för att målet ska uppnås. Om effekterna av PFE och energikartläggningscheckarna räknas bort från denna siffra erhålls något lägre siffror, 31,9-33,6 TWh/år. För att kunna uppnå sådana väsentliga besparingar är bedömningen att ett antal nya styrmedel måste utvecklas som främjar en effektivare primärenergianvändning. Det är denna utveckling som avgör om Sverige kommer att kunna nå det högt satta 2020-målet.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Christiansen, Evald H, et al.
(author)
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Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide PCI.
- 2017
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In: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachussetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 376:19, s. 1813-1823
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is an index used to assess the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. The index has been tested against fractional flow reserve (FFR) in small trials, and the two measures have been found to have similar diagnostic accuracy. However, studies of clinical outcomes associated with the use of iFR are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether iFR is noninferior to FFR with respect to the rate of subsequent major adverse cardiac events.We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial using the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry for enrollment. A total of 2037 participants with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome who had an indication for physiologically guided assessment of coronary-artery stenosis were randomly assigned to undergo revascularization guided by either iFR or FFR. The primary end point was the rate of a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization within 12 months after the procedure.A primary end-point event occurred in 68 of 1012 patients (6.7%) in the iFR group and in 61 of 1007 (6.1%) in the FFR group (difference in event rates, 0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.5 to 2.8; P=0.007 for noninferiority; hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.58; P=0.53); the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the difference in event rates fell within the prespecified noninferiority margin of 3.2 percentage points. The results were similar among major subgroups. The rates of myocardial infarction, target-lesion revascularization, restenosis, and stent thrombosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the FFR group than in the iFR group reported chest discomfort during the procedure.Among patients with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome, an iFR-guided revascularization strategy was noninferior to an FFR-guided revascularization strategy with respect to the rate of major adverse cardiac events at 12 months. (Funded by Philips Volcano; iFR SWEDEHEART ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02166736 .).
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| 11. |
- Dennermalm, Nicklas, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors for substance use in Swedish adolescents : A study across substances and time points
- 2022
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In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 39:5, s. 535-552
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The public health model for prevention of disease and disorder has been influential in informing interventions regarding substance use. While a number of risk factors within this model have been found to predict substance use, few studies have explored the associations across substances, at different time points and in the same individuals. The aim of this study was to test this model across legal and illegal substance use among adolescents, and to identify potential changes in associations over time. Methods: Data from two waves of a nationally representative cohort study among Swedish adolescents were used. Baseline data were collected in 2017 (9th grade) with a follow-up in 2019 (11th grade). Using modified Poisson regression analyses, we explored cross-sectional associations between factors from different domains and prevalence of cigarette use, binge-drinking and illegal drug use at both baseline and follow-up. Results: The results in part supported the public health model. Substance use was predicted by factors within the family, school and the individual/peer domain, but several associations were not statistically significant. The only consistent risk factors across substances and time points were lack of parental monitoring, truancy and minor criminal activities. Conclusion: Despite widely different prevalence rates across substances, some risk factors were consistently associated with adolescent substance use. Nonetheless, the findings challenge the assumption that risk factors are stable over adolescence. They suggest a need for flexible prevention interventions spanning across substances and legal boundaries of substances, but also over domains to reflect the heterogenous needs of adolescents.
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| 12. |
- Dennermalm, Nicklas, et al.
(author)
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Stability and Change in Substance Use Among Swedish Adolescents : A Latent Transition Analysis
- 2023
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 58:7, s. 947-955
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Research is needed on how substance use patterns develop over time in the general adolescent population. This knowledge is crucial in calibrating prevention and other interventions. Method: The study concerns use of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis in a nationally representative cohort of Swedish adolescents (n = 3999). Two waves (9th and 11th school grade) from the Futura01 study were analyzed using latent transition analysis (LTA) and multinomial regression analysis. Results: Four substance use patterns, were identified, ranging from Non-user, Alcohol experienced, Alcohol User to Co-user of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis. Statuses thus conveyed a continuum from no use to more advanced use. Half of the individuals remained in their original status between time-points, and half transitioned, most often one step on the continuum. Alcohol user was the most stable status over time (0.78), and the Non-user status the least (0.36). The probability of remaining in the Alcohol experienced status was 0.57, and 0.45 for the Co-user status. There was a low probability of transitioning from alcohol to cannabis use. Females were more likely to belong to Alcohol experienced and males to Co-user statuses, but these associations weakened over time. Conclusions: The study identified transitions across substance use statuses between time-points. These usually concerned different levels of alcohol use, and not into more advanced substance use that included the illegal substance cannabis. The study corroborates that young Swedes belong to a “sober” generation and usually do not transition from legal into illegal substance use during late adolescence, though with some gender differences.
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| 13. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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A matter of craving–An archeology of relapse prevention in Swedish addiction treatment
- 2022
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In: International journal of drug policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article concerns how craving is approached and handled, how it is ‘made up’, in the practice of so-called relapse prevention (RP) for addiction problems. There is a lack of research on what RP in general, and craving in particular, ‘is’ and can become across settings. Drawing upon science and technology studies (STS) and critical addiction research, we analyze how craving is enacted in manuals and training material related to the intervention, and in interviews with professionals in the Swedish treatment system. Adopting an archeological approach, we scrutinize different layers of craving enactments in RP, in search of assumptions that give rise to what John Law refers to as ‘collateral realities’. We identified three collateral realities: 1) ‘The materialization of craving’; 2) ‘The transcendence of the individual’ and 3) ‘The merging of treatment and everyday life’ The data show that the brain, cognition, emotions and behavior are enacted in RP as demarcated targets of intervention that the individual can transcend and control. This approach, in turn, relies on the more foundational tenet that there are no clear-cut boundaries between different identities (I/me/self; body/brain/cognition), between different settings (inside/outside treatment; real/imagined situations) or between different points in time (now/then/before). We discuss the relevance and usefulness of addiction treatment realities where craving is approached as a stable object that can be effectively treated, and where interventions inaugurate neoliberal governance of responsibilized individuals.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Cannabis i Sverige - en komplex substans, en enkelspårig drogpolitik?
- 2020
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In: Socionomens forskningssupplement. - 0283-1929. ; :47, s. 16-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I Sverige är cannabis, särskilt ungdomars bruk av substansen, kontroversiella ämnen som uppmärksammas såväl i media och politik som bland myndigheter och allmänhet. I denna artikel presenterar vi ett forskningsprojekt som belyser det svenska cannabisbruket, med fokus på vilka som gör det, deras åsikter och motiv, samt hur det kan gå till när de möter preventionsinsatser. Våra resultat pekar mot att cannabisbruk kan ha många olika betydelser och funktioner i människors liv, samt att den svenska förbudspolitiken sätter ramarna för hur användare förstår sina handlingar och hur de bemöts av omgivningen. Yttre inflytande från en drogliberal omvärld har dock inneburit att det knappast längre går att identifiera en allenarådande ”berättelse” om vad cannabis är, vilka effekter substansen har och vad som kännetecknar användarna. Vårt projekt understryker vikten av en mer nyanserad politik och praktik i förhållande till cannabisbruk i Sverige.
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| 16. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Cannabis use under prohibitionism – the interplay between motives, contexts and subjects
- 2020
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In: Drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; 27:5, s. 368-376
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A key question in drugs research is why people use psychoactive substances. Diverse motives such as boredom, habit, and pain relief have served as explanations, but little is known about how adult cannabis users motivate their use in prohibitionist policy contexts, like Sweden. The aim is to explore what motives a sample of adult Swedish cannabis users refer to when they give meaning to their use. We ask: what aspects of cannabis use (e.g. drug effects, individual characteristics and social contexts) are emphasized in their accounts, and how are such aspects combined to describe motives and justify use? In this study, motives are perceived as culturally situated action, and our analysis is based on online text messages (n = 238) and interviews (n = 12). Participants emphasized either the characteristics of the use situation (motives such as party, relaxation and social function) or of him-/herself as an individual (motives such as mindfulness, identity marker and somatic function). They often mentioned medical and recreational motives in the same account, and carefully presented themselves as rational individuals. The motives reflect that the drugs discourse is increasingly medicalized, that responsibility is highly esteemed in contemporary societies, and that cannabis use is still stigmatized in Sweden.
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| 17. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Comparisons in the making : youth accounts of cannabis use in Swedish addiction treatment
- 2022
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In: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; 29:4, s. 364-372
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research shows that cannabis is understood differently across cannabis cultures. In Sweden, young cannabis users are seen as vulnerable, problem-burdened and increasingly embracing drug-liberal attitudes. Despite low prevalence rates, youth cannabis use is considered a high-profile problem that warrants prohibition. Previous studies show that staff in Swedish addiction treatment legitimize resolute interventions by making up young users as irrational. The treated young people claimed instead that starting to use cannabis and quitting were informed decisions. In this article, we revisit interviews with 18 young clients in Swedish addiction treatment, and examine the data with a focus on comparisons (e.g. A is unlike B). We perceive comparison as a tool in the formation of narrative identity, rather than a logical outcome of accounts. We ask what is compared with what in young people’s accounts of cannabis use, and what these comparisons reveal about their thoughts on well-being, the self and the setting. The interviewees used comparisons that drew on cultural, institutional and organizational narratives when they discussed cannabis. Taken together, their accounts instantiated ideas about powerful drug effects, the primacy of the neoliberal subject and the potential of cannabis addiction. We discuss whether these accounts mirror rather than challenge drug prohibition.
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| 18. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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EU citizens begging and sleeping rough in Swedish Urban Areas : social work perspectives on problems and target groups
- 2020
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In: Nordic Social Work Research. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 10:2, s. 186-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- EU citizens from Central and Eastern Europe travelling to cities in other countries to make a better living have become an issue of major political concern across Europe. This study explores how professionals from Swedish municipal social service organizations in urban areas construct the phenomenon of poor visiting EU citizens. The impact of social constructions on the practice and design of policies makes it important to analyse how target groups, such as poor visiting EU citizens, are characterized and what normative assumptions are made about them. The study is theoretically based on Schneider and Ingram’s work on ‘Social Constructions of Target Populations’. Interviews with social workers in the three largest cities in Sweden were conducted. The results suggest a clear ambivalence among interviewees regarding how to conceptualize EU citizens. They were careful not to highlight any subgroups, instead defining the group as consisting of different individuals with varying needs. While the interviewees constructed members of the target group in a way similar to what Schneider and Ingram describe as dependents, they also attributed them with some agency. We conclude that this may be a reflection of the political and organizational setting in which social work with poor visiting EU citizens is conducted in Sweden.
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| 19. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Fixed and fluid at the same time : how service providers make sense of relapse prevention in Swedish addiction treatment
- 2023
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In: Critical Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0958-1596 .- 1469-3682. ; 33:1, s. 105-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores how professionals within Swedish addiction treatment (n = 18) describe and make sense of relapse prevention (RP). RP is known as a self-control programme for maintaining behavioural change, helping people deal with high-risk situations. However, since self-control techniques have been incorporated widely in the addiction treatment field, the specificities of RP have become vague. To grasp what RP ‘is’, we draw on John Law’s and Annemarie Mol’s thoughts on how logics enact objects and realities. We thus follow critical scholarship in Science and Technology Studies and view treatment as a local knowledge-making practice that may depart from how it was originally designed. A key question is how RP is potentially transformed and made-to-matter when moved from the controlled settings of theorising and experimental studies to practice. The professionals used a logic of fixity to make RP stable, structured and evidence-based, easily distinguishable from other interventions. They also used a logic of fluidity to explain how and why they tinkered with it and adapted it to the preferences of both staff and attendees. The two logics enacted two different realities of addiction treatment: one in which RP is standardised, temporally demarcated and can solve most addiction problems, and another where interventions must be individualised, continuous and adapted to local settings and needs. It did not appear contradictory to ‘make up’ RP as both fixed and fluid; the two realities exist side by side, but with different material effects.
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| 20. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Logics of Legitimation in Swedish Treatment for Youth Cannabis Use : The Problem Representations of Social Workers in a Prohibitionist Policy Context
- 2018
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In: Contemporary Drug Problems. - : SAGE Publications. - 0091-4509 .- 2163-1808. ; 45:3, s. 244-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Liberal views on cannabis use are widespread in many Western countries, but prohibitionism remains strong in Sweden. According to Swedish drug policy, comprehensive prevention and treatment interventions are necessary because young people are considered particularly vulnerable to cannabis-related harm. In this article, we examine how staff at Swedish outpatient treatment centers for young substance users (called “MiniMaria”) use different logics when legitimizing their work in youth treatment. We also analyze how this legitimizing process contributes to both justifying solutions and constituting the cannabis “problem” that MiniMaria centers are established to handle. This will shed light on what “drug reality” the staff make up through their articulations. Eighteen interviews with social workers from six MiniMaria centers in the Stockholm region were analyzed. To illustrate how staff made sense of their work, we used the concepts of “problem representation”, “legitimation”, and “logics”. We identified four logics: A scientific and a structural logic linked to knowledge claims, policy goals, and organizational setting, and a professional and a procedural logic linked to work experience, client interaction, and therapeutic methods. Participants used logics to emphasize that the character of the cannabis problem demands wide-ranging interventions and to explain how they made youth cannabis users realize they need treatment. The structural logic of drug prohibitionism was only mentioned as a last resort when other logics were not applicable, for example, when a young person refused to engage in treatment and quit using cannabis. The strategic use of logics provided MiniMaria with a moral legitimacy that represented youth cannabis use as a high-profile problem and young people as in need of protection and control. This legitimizes prevention of youth cannabis use in a national setting where cannabis prevalence and harm remains relatively low.
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| 21. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Media constructions of an illegal drug : the link between cannabis and organized crime in Swedish newspapers
- 2023
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In: Drugs. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; , s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundLately, there has been massive media coverage of gang-related criminality in ‘exposed areas’ in Sweden. Politicians have blamed the illegal drugs trade without questioning the country’s prohibitionist drug policy. This study analyzes how cannabis is constructed in Swedish newspaper articles that mention both organized crime and cannabis. We ask how the drug and its buyers and sellers are described, what discourses are drawn upon, and discuss the relationship between media coverage and drug policy.MethodsWe analyzed recent (2021) articles from four newspapers (n = 71) through Critical Discourse Analysis.ResultsCannabis was constructed as a commodity linked to violence and deviance. Agency was attributed to people with power and status (e.g. gang leaders), and recreational cannabis users were described as guilty of feeding organized crime. A combination of economic and moral discourses was used to make the reported events meaningful, and to motivate both prohibition and decriminalization/legalization.ConclusionThe study shows that assumedly neutral journalistic voices emphasized the link between cannabis and violence and problematized cannabis buyers and sellers. This homogenous media coverage will probably contribute to keep the question of cannabis law reform discursively lifeless in Sweden.
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| 22. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Multiple Logics : How Staff in Relapse Prevention Interpellate People With Substance Use Problems
- 2021
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In: Contemporary Drug Problems. - : SAGE Publications. - 0091-4509 .- 2163-1808. ; 48:2, s. 99-113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzes how staff in Swedish alcohol and other drug (AoD) treatment interpellate service users as people who can benefit from relapse prevention. Relapse prevention is a widely used intervention. Research is scarce, however, on how relapse prevention is practiced locally and how treatment staff perceive the relationship between AoD use as a problem and relapse prevention as a solution. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory and critical studies of AoD issues within this tradition, we elucidate how staff through specific interpellative logics enact service users, their individual characteristics, and living conditions. The data derive from interviews with 18 professionals working with assessment, counseling, case-management, therapy, and healthcare at AoD treatment agencies in the Stockholm region. The results show that the participants drew on four interpellative logics, and thereby enacted service users as four different object types. Region and network logics pinpointed that individuals have stable observable characteristics that determine their problems and eligibility for treatment (e.g., living conditions, diagnoses). Fluid and fire logics emphasized that their characteristics also vary depending on context and can be present and absent at the same time (e.g., harms, agency). This flexible interpellation of service users echoes the tendency among treatment staff to embrace sometimes irreconcilable understandings of AoD problems and to enact multiple realities of addiction. This suits a professional field where many factors are thought to cause and help resolve problems, but where the treatment supply is often limited to specific interventions. We conclude that it is easier to create a reasonable match between the service delivered and the potential service user if the characteristics of the latter are considered diverse and flickering. This exemplifies Carol Bacchi’s tenet that problem representations are adjusted to fit the solution at hand.
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| 23. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Risk and responsibilization : resistance and compliance in Swedish treatment for youth cannabis use
- 2020
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In: Drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; 27:1, s. 60-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a lack of research on how youth make sense of substance abuse treatment. The aim of this article was to explore how young people in Stockholm, Sweden, perceive outpatient treatment for cannabis use, position themselves as subjects in relation to it, and how they respond to staff’s appeals to rationality and responsible action. The data, consisting of 18 interviews with clients recruited from six treatment centers, were explored using narrative and thematic analysis. Results show that the young clients understood their histories in a responsibilized way where the risk information about cannabis they received was considered crucial. Those who resisted treatment rejected cannabis problematizations by staff, did not value interventions and felt that they had control over their use. Those who complied with treatment said that cannabis problematizations helped them acknowledge their own difficulties, handle substance dependence and mature. We conclude that treatment resistance among young cannabis users would perhaps be prevented if the adult world acknowledged that some believe it is rational and responsible to use cannabis. While the criminal offense of substance use is often expiated through ‘treatment’ in Sweden, young clients establishing a substance use identity could possibly be avoided if cannabis was not equated with risk.
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| 24. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Self‐interpellation in narratives about craving : Multiple and unitary selves
- 2022
-
In: Sociology of Health and Illness. - : Wiley. - 0141-9889 .- 1467-9566. ; 44:9, s. 1391-1407
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concept of addiction seeks to explain why people actcontrary to their own best interest. At the centre stageof addiction discourse is craving, conceptualised as astrong urge to use substances. This article analyses howtalk therapies such as relapse prevention and self-helpgroups shape identity constructions and understandingsof craving among clients. Drawing upon interviewswith individuals who have engaged in talk therapies inSweden, we analyse how craving is made up through‘self-interpellation’, that is, personal narratives aboutpast, present or future thoughts, feelings and actions.The main ‘self-interpellation’ included multiple selves,where craving was elided by the true self and only feltby the inauthentic self. Less dominant were narrativeswhich drew on a unitary self that remained stable overtime and had to fight craving. The notion of multipleselves appeared as a master narrative that the participantswere positioned by in their identity constructions.We conclude that this multiplicity seems ontologicallydemanding for people who try to recover from substanceuse problems. A demystification of craving, in whichneither substance effects nor malfunctioning brains areblamed for seemingly irrational thoughts and actions, may reduce the stigmatisation of those who have developedhabitual substance use.
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| 25. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
The credibility of risk information about licit substances : An exploratory study of attitudes among Swedish adults
- 2015
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In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1458-6126 .- 1455-0725. ; 32:4, s. 395-410
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS – Providing risk information on licit substances is a central health promotion strategy. Thereis, however, very little knowledge about public attitudes on this information. In this exploratorystudy we analyse the extent to which Swedish adults: 1) trust risk information regarding alcohol,cigarettes and wet snuff (“snus”) provided by public authorities, 2) perceive risk informationregarding alcohol, cigarettes and snus as consistent, and 3) have received an adequate amountof risk information from public authorities regarding these substances. The aim is also toinvestigate if certain characteristics among participants are related to their perceptions of suchrisk information. METHODS – A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of individuals aged18 to 70 (n=1623, 54% response rate). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression techniqueswere used to process data. RESULTS – Participants trusted risk information concerning cigarettes,snus and alcohol provided by public authorities, and reported that they had received an adequateamount of it. Information about cigarettes was seen as more trustworthy and consistent thaninformation about alcohol and snus. The study suggests that attitudes on risk information aresubstance-specific and associated in complex ways with gender, age, education and experience ofown substance use. CONCLUSION – While only a first attempt to map an under-investigated area,our study highlights complexities in how people perceive risk information about licit substances. Italso indicates that the general population in Sweden receives what is seen as an adequate amountof knowledge from public authorities, and finds it consistent and trustworthy.
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| 26. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
The trustworthiness and credibility of risk information about licit substances : Attitudes among Swedish adults
- 2014
-
In: Paper presented at 40th Annual Alcohol Epidemiology Symposium of the Kettil Bruun Society, Torino, Italy, 9 - 13 June 2014..
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aims: Providing risk information regarding licit substances is a central strategy in public health promotion. The aim of this paper is to explore the extent to which a random sample of Swedes: 1) trust risk information regarding alcohol, cigarettes and wet snuff (“snus”) provided by public authorities, 2) perceive risk information regarding alcohol, cigarettes and snus as contradictory, and 3) have received an adequate amount of risk information from public authorities regarding these licit substances. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to Swedish adults aged 18 to 70 (n=1623, 54% response rate). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression techniques were used to process data. Results: Participants trusted risk information concerning cigarettes, snus and alcohol provided by public authorities, and reported that they had received an adequate amount of information. Information about cigarettes was seen as more trustworthy and consistent than information about alcohol and snus. Conclusion: The study suggests that attitudes toward risk information are substance-specific and associated with gender, age, education and experience of own substance use. While highlighting complexities in how people perceive risk information, our data also illustrate that the general population in Sweden seems to be quite well equipped when it comes to risk information about licit substances.
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| 27. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
The user in Swedish abstinence-oriented opioid substitution therapy : a closer look at how user involvement bears upon policy formation
- 2016
-
In: Evidence in European social drug research and drug policy. - Lengerich : Pabst Science Publishers. - 9783958532632 ; , s. 51-67
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The idea of placing the views of service users at the centre of evidence-based practice has been praised in theory but rather neglected in empirical drug treatment research. Knowledge is scarce about how users’ perspectives are handled in policy and practice. In this chapter, we explore how Swedish opioid substitution treatment (OST) was perceived by users themselves and how their views were taken up by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare in developing new treatment regulations for OST. We argue that, despite the current valorisation of ‘the user’s voice’ across the health professions, the concept basically has no meaning in Swedish drug policy. The user preferences we identified (such as a desire for less suspicious staff, and acceptance of some drug use on top of their prescription) appeared to be more or less impossible to realise given the core prohibitionist values underpinning Swedish OST policy. While user involvement is commonly described as a keystone in the ‘evidence movement’, our analysis, of a contemporary policymaking process in the field of drug treatment, indicates that it served more as a rhetorical device than as a sine qua non of OST.
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| 28. |
- Gripe, Isabella, et al.
(author)
-
Are the well‐off youth in Sweden more likely to use cannabis?
- 2021
-
In: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 40:1, s. 126-134
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. Results from previous research are inconsistent regarding the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cannabis use among adolescents. Since there are risks associated with cannabis use, a social gradient in cannabis use may contribute to reproducing socioeconomic differences in life opportunities. The aim of this study was to assess the association between childhood SES and cannabis use among youth in Sweden. Design and Methods. We used repeated cross‐sectional data from three waves (2014–2016) of the Swedish national school survey among 11th graders. The analysis encompassed 9497 individuals in 668 school classes. Childhood SES was measured through parents' highest education, as reported by the students. Cannabis use was measured in terms of lifetime use and frequency of use. Data were analysed using multi‐level mixed‐effects Poisson regression. Results. Adolescents with at least 1 parent with university/college education had 17% (incidence rate ratio 1.17, confidence interval 1.05, 1.30) higher risk of lifetime use of cannabis compared with those whose parents had no university/college education, adjusting for sex, SES of the school environment, academic orientation, truancy, risk assessment and parental permissiveness. Among life‐time users of cannabis, risk for frequent cannabis use was 28% (incidence rate ratio 0.72, confidence interval 0.53, 0.97) lower for those with at least 1 parent with university or college education. Discussion and Conclusions. Childhood SES, in terms of parental education, was associated with cannabis use among Swedish adolescents. Adolescents from families with lower SES were less likely to ever try cannabis, but at higher risk for frequent use.
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| 29. |
- Gåård, Anders, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Nano-scale friction of multi-phase powder metallurgy tool steels
- 2015
-
In: Advanced Materials Research. - : Trans Tech Publications. - 1022-6680 .- 1662-8985. ; 1119, s. 70-74
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Friction is a fundamental phenomenon in tribology involving complex mechanisms between thecontacting surfaces. Measurements of friction are often made using devices with substantially largercontact area than dimensions corresponding to microstructural features of the materials. Hence, for multi-phase materials,influence of particular microstructural constituents is not resolved. In the present work, a tribometerwith a contact area in the nano-scale range was used to map friction for different types of tool steelswith different chemical- and phase composition. Owing to the small tip radius, frictionalcharacteristics of primary carbides and the steel matrix were measured and compared. Dependingon chemical composition, a difference was observed where the coefficient of friction wasapproximately twice higher for the steel possessing highest coefficient of friction, including bothcarbides and the steel matrix.
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| 30. |
- Heimdahl, Karin, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
Psychosocial interventions for substance-abusing parents and their young children : A scoping review
- 2016
-
In: Addiction Research and Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-6989 .- 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 24:3, s. 236-247
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this scoping review was to give an overview of efficacy research on psychosocial interventions aimed at substance-abusing parents with children of up to the age of three. Throughout the overview, there was a focus on underlying assumptions and how the problem descriptions motivating the interventions corresponded with the solutions, i.e. the interventions in question. The data consisted of peer reviewed intervention studies (n = 22) identified through literature searches in online databases. Randomised controlled trial studies as well as quasi-experimental and pre-post studies were included. The results showed that all the studies included bar one focused exclusively on women as parents. Moreover, while the problem descriptions in the studies tended to be quite broad, framing parental substance abuse as a problem influenced by social and structural conditions, the solutions presented in the form of interventions generally had a narrower focus, addressing the individual parent from a psychological perspective only. In conclusion, the review points out the need for developing and evaluating interventions aimed at substance-abusing fathers as well as mothers, and also underscores the importance of these interventions being focused on a broader range of factors rather than just addressing deficits at the level of the individual.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Heimdahl, Karin, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
Riktade psykosociala insatser till gravida och småbarnsföräldrar med psykisk ohälsa : en litteraturstudie
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I rapporten beskrivs resultaten från en litteraturstudie om riktade psykosociala insatser till gravida och småbarnsföräldrar (med barn upp till 3 år) som har ett så kallat problematiskt bruk av alkohol och/eller narkotika. Ovanstående grupper är viktiga att uppmärksamma, dels för den inverkan det problematiska bruket kan ha på föräldrarna själva, men framförallt på grund av de negativa effekter detta kan få för föräldra-barnrelationen samt barnets psykiska hälsa och utveckling. Syftet med litteraturstiden har varit att identifiera, sammanfatta och värdera den internationella interventionsforskningen på området. Via sökningar i databaser återfanns 53 relevanta primärstudier. Av dessa undersökte 27 studier interventioner riktade till gravida, 14 studier fokuserade på insatser till småbarnsföräldrar, medan 12 studier beskrev effekter av interventioner som påbörjats under graviditet och avslutats en tid efter barnets födelse. Sammantaget undersökte dessa studier ett flertal olika typer av interventioner. Till de interventioner som studerades mest frekvent hörde bland annat hembesök, behandlingsinsatser samordnade med mödravård samt insatser fokuserade på föräldraträning/föräldraförmågor. De aktuella studiernas sammanvägda resultat pekar dock mot att det råder stor osäkerhet kring de olika insatstypernas effekter. Avsaknaden av enhetligt vetenskapligt stöd innebär dock inte att stöd saknas helt; snarare drar de olika studierna skilda slutsatser kring respektive insats. Därtill är många av studierna alltför metodologiskt svaga för att det ska vara möjligt att uttala sig om effekter, samt i vilken utsträckning dessa eventuellt kan vara bestående. En slutsats som kan dras är därmed att det behövs fler experimentella studier med längre uppföljningstider på området. Ur ett svenskt perspektiv är det även angeläget med studier genomförda i en svensk/nordisk kontext, då skillnaderna mellan länderna avseende tillgång till mödra- och barnhälsovård begränsar möjligheterna att överföra resultat från exempelvis amerikanska studier till svenska förhållanden.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Heimdahl Vepsä, Karin, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
Polyphonic narratives : The mixing of Alcoholics Anonymous and relapse prevention in stories about recovery and relapse
- 2024
-
In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: This exploratory study analyses the interplay between the treatment philosophies of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Relapse Prevention (RP) in personal stories of addiction. While the basic ideas of AA and RP are compatible in many ways, they also carry some fundamental differences.Methods: The data consisted of interviews with 12 individuals recovering from substance use problems, who had experience of both AA and RP. The analysis drew on a dialogical narrative perspective, and the concept polyphony was used to shed light on the interplay between different treatment philosophies in personal stories of relapse.Findings: Although sometimes resulting in incoherence, the treatment philosophies were combined idiosyncratically, in ways that appeared productive for the participants’ self-images and recovery journeys.Conclusion: The combination of AA and RP philosophies in narratives of relapse and recovery may reflect a new treatment discourse where individualisation and responsibilisation stand in a complicated relationship with collectivism and surrendering to so-called addicting processes.
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| 36. |
- Hellberg, Christel, et al.
(author)
-
Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice – an overview of four evidence maps : [Vetenskapligt kunskapsläge om utredning och insatser i socialt arbete och forskning –en sammanställning av fyra kartläggningar]
- 2023
-
In: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5, s. 882-895
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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| 37. |
- Karlsson, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Combined volar and dorsal plating vs. volar plating of distal radius fractures : A single-center study of 105 cases
- 2020
-
In: Hand surgery & rehabilitation. - : Elsevier. - 2468-1229 .- 2468-1210. ; 39:6, s. 516-521
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite recent advances in the surgical management of distal radius fractures (DRFs), the optimal treatment remains controversial as different fixation methods often have similar clinical functional and radiographic outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the differences in outcomes 1 year postoperatively between volar plating and combined plating for DRFs. In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 105 consecutive patients operated with either a volar locking plate or combined dorsal and volar plating. The primary outcome was wrist range of motion (ROM). Secondary outcome measures included hand grip strength, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, radiographic examination and patient-related outcome measures. Patients treated with combined plating had significantly inferior wrist flexion, extension and ulnar deviation. The radiographic Batra score 1 year postoperatively was similar for both groups. The PRWE (patient-rated wrist evaluation) score was 16 for the volar plating group and 14 for the combined plating group. The QuickDASH (Quick disabilities of the hand arm and shoulder) score was 9 for the volar plating group and 16 for the combined plating group. VAS pain scores were 0 at rest and 2 during activity for both groups. Grip strength was similar between the two groups. Hardware removal was done in 18/78 patients for the combined plating group and 1/27 for the volar plate group. Two patients operated with combined plating had tendon ruptures. Our findings indicate that both methods can yield satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes. However, combined plating resulted in inferior wrist ROM and substantially higher frequency of hardware removal. The potential advantages of combined plating in stabilizing a comminuted DRF must be balanced by the potential drawbacks such as inferior wrist ROM and higher frequency of hardware removal.
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| 38. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Measured and predicted energy demand of a low energy building : Important aspects when using building energy simulation
- 2007
-
In: Building Services Engineering Research & Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0143-6244 .- 1477-0849. ; 28:3, s. 223-235
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three different simulation tools were used to simulate a low energy terraced house in the south of Sweden. The software tools all use dynamic models to calculate, for example, the energy demand for heating and the indoor temperatures. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relative importance to the annual energy demand of different energy aspects of a Swedish low-energy house. Both measured and simulated values are considered and compared. The focus is on the impact of choice of software, the habits of the tenants, and the relative impact of different design parameters such as ventilation rates. The measured values for total electricity demand range from about 6000 kWh to over 12000kWh, the average demand being 8020kWh. The annual predicted total energy demand using three different simulation software tools deviated by about 2%. The energy use deviation due to airflow control was about 10%, and the deviation due to differences in heat exchanger efficiency was about 20% and the deviation in annual energy use due to differences in internal gains due to differences in tenant habits, assumed in the models, was 7%. Furthermore, when comparing the predicted energy use during the design process of the low-energy building with actual measurements after the tenants have moved in, these differ about 50% in average for this specific case. Practical application: Building energy simulation software is often used to make predictions of how different construction materials, design principles and operation influence the energy balance and indoor thermal comfort. It is therefore important that the output of these software tools is trustworthy and accurate. This paper discusses the importance of accurate input data during the design process in order to achieve a valid prediction of energy use with emphasis on tenants' behaviour. It was shown that the deviations in a parametric study were larger than the deviations in the comparison between the results from the three simulation tools. This indicates a need for more accurate models for modelling tenant behaviour and habits rather than more accurate building component models.
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| 39. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
ADHD and social work with children and adolescents : [ADHD och socialt arbete med barn och ungdomar]
- 2021
-
In: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 24:1, s. 151-161
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article aims to alert social work researchers and practitioners to the importance of engaging in research and debate about how to approach and understand ADHD among children in general and locked-after children in care in particular. Social work researchers have largely been absent from academic discussions about the ‘ADHD epidemic’ despite the fact that the prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and medication is very high in child welfare populations. The social work profession can make important contributions to understanding a phenomenon that is common among children and adolescent clients, that is often co-morbid with other conditions such as conduct disorder and that is linked to social adversity. We argue that research on ADHD in the child welfare systems should be a top priority in social work, and outline some important questions that need to be addressed by both researchers and social workers.
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| 40. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
ADHD på kartan, om geografiska skillnader i medicinering till barn och unga
- 2015
-
In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 92:5, s. 553-565
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ADHD är den snabbast växande psykiatriska diagnosen bland unga i Sverige. Till många av de diagnostiserade förskrivs också läkemedel. I artikeln analyseras geografiska skillnader i förskrivning. De kommunala skillnaderna är mycket stora men skillnaderna kan bara i viss grad förklaras av variabler på kommunal nivå. Kommunernas tillhörighet till landsting tycks ha stor betydelse för nivån på förskrivning och systemfaktorer som olikartad organisering, mer eller mindre explicit policy och professionell hållning diskuteras som tänkbara förklaringar till skillnader som inte endast kan ha att göra med förekomst av fenomenet.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
Compared with what? An analysis of control group typies in Cochrane and Campbell reviews of psychosocial treatment efficacy with substance use disorders
- 2015
-
In: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 110:3, s. 420-428
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and AimsA crucial, but under-appreciated, aspect in experimental research on psychosocial treatments of substance use disorders concerns what kinds of control groups are used. This paper examines how the distinction between different control group designs has been handled by the Cochrane and the Campbell Collaborations in their systematic reviews of psychosocial treatments of substance abuse disorders.MethodsWe assessed Cochrane and Campbell reviews (n = 8) that were devoted to psychosocial treatments of substance use disorders. We noted what control groups were considered and analysed the extent to which the reviews provided a rationale for chosen comparison conditions. We also analysed whether type of control group in the primary studies influenced how the reviews framed the effects discussed and whether this was related to conclusions drawn.ResultsThe reviews covered studies involving widely different control conditions. Overall, little attention was paid to the use of different control groups (e.g. head-to-head comparisons vs. untreated controls) and what this implies when interpreting effect sizes. Seven of eight reviews did not provide a rationale for the choice of comparison conditions.ConclusionsCochrane- and Campbell reviews of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions with substance use disorders seem to underappreciate that use of different control group types yields different effect estimates. Most reviews have not distinguished between different control group designs and therefore have provided a confused picture regarding absolute and relative treatment efficacy. A systematic approach to treating different control group designs in research reviews is necessary for meaningful estimates of treatment efficacy.
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| 44. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
Does the familial transmission of drinking patterns persist into young adulthood? A 10-year follow up
- 2016
-
In: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 168, s. 45-51
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundParental drinking has been shown to be associated with offspring drinking. However, the relationship appears to be more complex than often assumed and few studies have tracked it over longer time periods.AimsTo explore the long-term (10-year) transmission of familial drinking during adolescence to offspring drinking patterns in young adulthood.DesignSwedish longitudinal study, assessing the relationship between familial drinking in 2000 and offspring drinking in 2010 using simultaneous quantile regression analysis (n = 744).DataData on familial drinking was gathered from the Swedish level-of-living surveys (LNU) and from partner LNU in 2000 while data on offspring drinking in young adulthood was gathered from LNU 2010. Drinking among offspring, parents and potential stepparents was measured through identical quantity-frequency indices referring to the past 12 months in 2010 and 2000 respectively.ResultsYoung adults whose families were abstainers in 2000 drank substantially less across quintiles in 2010 than offspring of non-abstaining families. The difference, however, was not statistically significant between quintiles of the conditional distribution. Actual drinking levels in drinking families were not at all or weakly associated with drinking in offspring. Supplementary analyses confirmed these patterns.ConclusionThe association between familial drinking and offspring drinking in young adulthood exhibits clear non-linear trends. Changes in the lower part of the familial drinking distribution are strongly related to drinking in young adults, but the actual levels of drinking in drinking families appear less important in shaping the drinking patterns of the offspring in young adulthood.
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| 45. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
Enhetschefers syn på kunskapsformers och ramfaktorers betydelse för insatser inom socialtjänsten
- 2021
-
In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 28:2, s. 209-230
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Det är väl belagt i internationell forskning att en pluralism av olika kunskapsformer och organisatoriska förhållanden påverkar val och utformning av insatser inom socialt arbete. I den svenska kontexten har det visat sig att dessa kunskapsformer och så kallade ramfaktorer kan framstå som svårförenliga eller till och med i konflikt med varandra. Samtidigt saknas det aktuella svenska studier som på en nationell nivå visar vilken utbredning och upplevd betydelse kunskapsformer och ramfaktorer har för kommunernas utbud och val av insatser. I artikeln presenterar vi en nationell studie av enhetschefers syn på olika kunskapsformers och ramfaktorers förekomst och betydelse för utbud och beslut om insatser inom socialtjänstens individ- och familjeomsorg. Artikeln bygger på data från en nationell enkät riktad till enhetschefer för ett urval av Sveriges kommuners barn- och familje- respektive missbruksverksamheter. Resultaten visar att samtliga undersökta kunskapsformer och ramfaktorer påverkar val och utformning av insats, men att vissa former mer framträdande än andra. Främst baseras val och utformning av insats på individuell erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap från yrkeserfarenhet och utbildning, snarare än kollektiv professionell kunskap. Vidare menar enhetscheferna att systematiska kunskapssammanställningar påverkar i högre utsträckning än enskilda kvalitativa och kvantitativa forskningsstudier inom vetenskaplig kunskap. När det gäller ramfaktorer visar studien att insatsens kostnad påverkar i mindre utsträckning än faktorer som tillgänglighet, ramavtal och lagstiftning.
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| 46. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
Exploring the Link between ADHD and Cannabis Use in Swedish Ninth Graders : The Role of Conduct Problems and Sensation-Seeking
- 2023
-
In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 58:3, s. 311-319
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has in several studies been linked to substance use, including cannabis use. However, crucial gaps remain regarding how to understand this association. Analyzing the association between ADHD and substance use is complicated because of a pronounced overlap between ADHD, conduct problems, and traits such as sensation-seeking. Objectives: Using data from a large and nationally representative study among Swedish adolescents, this study explored the role of conduct problems, but also of sensation-seeking, in accounting for the association between ADHD and cannabis use. Results: There was a notable association between ADHD and cannabis use that was attenuated when conduct problems were controlled for. The association between cannabis use and conduct problems, in turn, was attenuated when sensation-seeking was controlled for. Individuals with both ADHD and conduct problems were more likely to have used cannabis than individuals with ADHD only, but not compared with individuals with conduct problems only. Conclusions: Whereas conduct problems largely explain the link between ADHD and cannabis use, sensation-seeking seems to account for the association between conduct problems and cannabis use.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Galling resistance and wear mechanisms for cold-work tool steels in lubricated sliding against high strength stainless steel sheets
- 2012
-
In: Wear. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 286-287, s. 92-97
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tool damage in sheet metal forming of stainless steel is of high concern for the forming industry. In the present work, ingot cast AISI D2 and advanced powder metallurgy tool steel (PM) cold-work tool steels were evaluated and ranked regarding wear mechanisms and galling resistance. Wear tests were performed using a slider-on-flat-surface (SOFS) tribometer in sliding against austenitic–ferritic (duplex) stainless steel sheets at different contact pressures in lubricated conditions. The best galling resistance was observed for the nitrogen alloyed PM tool steels. Abrasive scratching of the tool surfaces and transfer of sheet material due to adhesive wear were the main metal forming tool surface damage mechanisms. By increasing the hardness of one PM sheet metal forming tool grade, the galling resistance was enhanced.
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| 49. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Has illicit drug use become normalised in groups of Swedish youth? A latent class analysis of school survey data from 2012 to 2015
- 2019
-
In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 36:1, s. 21-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:It is often assumed that illicit drug use has become normalised in the Western world, as evidenced for example by increased prevalence rates and drug-liberal notions in both socially advantaged and disadvantaged youth populations. There is accumulating research on the characteristics of young illicit drug users from high-prevalence countries, but less is known about the users in countries where use is less common. There is reason to assume that drug users in low-prevalence countries may be more disadvantaged than their counterparts in high-prevalence countries, and that the normalisation thesis perhaps does not apply to the former context.Aim:This article aims to explore to what extent such assertions hold true by studying the characteristics of young illicit drug users in Sweden, where prevalence is low and drug policy centres on zero tolerance.Material and Method:We draw on a subsample (n = 3374) of lifetime users of illicit drugs from four waves of a nationally representative sample of students in 9th and 11th grade (2012–2015). Latent class analysis (LCA) on ten indicators pertaining to illicit drug use identified four classes which we termed “Marijuana testers”, “Marijuana users”, “Cannabinoid users” and “Polydrug users”.Findings:Indications of social advantage/disadvantage such as peer drug use, early substance-use debut and truancy varied across groups, particularly between “Marijuana testers” (low scores) and “Polydrug users” (high scores).Conclusions:Our findings corroborate the idea that the majority of those who have used illicit drugs in the Swedish youth population have tried marijuana a few times only. We discuss whether or not the comparably large share of socially advantaged “Marijuana testers” in a comparably small sample of lifetime users can be interpreted as a sort of normalisation in a prohibitionist drug policy context.
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- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
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How well do DSM-5 criteria measure alcohol use disorder in the general population of older Swedish adolescents? An item response theory analysis
- 2024
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In: Addictive Behaviours. - 0306-4603 .- 1873-6327. ; 154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThis study assesses the psychometric properties of DSM-5 criteria of AUD in older Swedish adolescents using item response theory models, focusing specifically on the precision of the scale at the cut-offs for mild, moderate, and severe AUD.MethodsData from the second wave of Futura01 was used. Futura01 is a nationally representative cohort study of Swedish people born 2001 and data for the second wave was collected when participants were 17/18 years old. This study included only participants who had consumed alcohol during the past 12 months (n = 2648). AUD was measured with 11 binary items. A 2-parameter logistic item response theory model (2PL) estimated the items’ difficulty and discrimination parameters.Results31.8% of the participants met criteria for AUD. Among these, 75.6% had mild AUD, 18.3% had moderate, and 6.1% had severe AUD. A unidimensional AUD model had a good fit and 2PL models showed that the scale measured AUD over all three cut-offs for AUD severity. Although discrimination parameters ranged from moderate (1.24) to very high (2.38), the more commonly endorsed items discriminated less well than the more difficult items, as also reflected in less precision of the estimates at lower levels of AUD severity. The diagnostic uncertainty was pronounced at the cut-off for mild AUD.ConclusionDSM-5 criteria measure AUD with better precision at higher levels of AUD severity than at lower levels. As most older adolescents who fulfil an AUD diagnosis are in the mild category, notable uncertainties are involved when an AUD diagnosis is set in this group.
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