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1.	Ahlén, Ingemar, et al. (author) Nya järnvägen hotar unikt naturområde 2002 In: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000. Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
2.	Ahlén, Ingemar, et al. (author) Nya järnvägen hotar unikt naturområde 2002 In: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000. Journal article (other academic/artistic)
3.	Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al. (author) Variants of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene are associated with fat mass in men 2009 In: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 33:5, s. 525-533 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Context: Immune functions seem to have connections to variations in body fat mass. Studies of knockout mice indicate that endogenous interleukin (IL)-1 can suppress mature-onset obesity. Objective: To systematically investigate our hypotheses that single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or haplotypes variants in the IL-1 gene system are associated with fat mass. Subjects: The Gothenburg osteoporosis and obesity determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18-20 year-old men (n = 1068), from Gothenburg, Sweden. Major findings were confirmed in elderly men (n = 3014) from the Swedish part of the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) multicenter population-based study. Main Outcome Measure: The genotype distributions and their association with body fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Out of 15 investigated SNPs in the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) gene, a recently identified 30 untranslated region C4T (rs4252041, minor allele frequency 4%) SNP was associated with the primary outcome total fat mass (P = 0.003) and regional fat masses, but not with lean body mass or serum IL-1 receptor 1 (IL1RN) levels. This SNP was also associated with body fat when correcting the earlier reported IL1RN_2018 T4C (rs419598) SNP (in linkage disequilibrium with a well-studied variable number tandem repeat of 86 bp). The association between rs4252041 SNP and body fat was confirmed in the older MrOS population (P = 0.03). The rs4252041 SNP was part of three haplotypes consisting of five adjacent SNPs that were identified by a sliding window approach. These haplotypes had a highly significant global association with total body fat (P < 0.001). None of the other investigated members of the IL-1 gene family displayed any SNPs that have not been described previously to be significantly associated with body fat. Conclusions: The IL1RN gene, shown to enhance obesity by suppressing IL-1 effects in experimental animals, have no previously described gene polymorphisms and haplotypes that are associated with fat, but not lean mass in two populations of men. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, 525-533; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.47; published online 17 March 2009
4.	Persson, Mats, 1987-, et al. (author) Sub-pixel information retrieval from spectral x-ray images Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract The detector pixel size can be a severe limitation in projection x-ray imaging of fine details inthe human body, but developing higher resolution detectors is technically challenging. Wedemonstrate a novel method of using spectral x-ray measurements, from an energy-resolvingdetector or from multiple acquisitions with different beam quality, to obtain information aboutthe spatial distribution of the linear attenuation coefficient on a length scale smaller than onepixel. The method builds on the fact that the linear attenuation coefficient of all materials inthe human body can be expressed as linear combinations of a small number of basis functions.However, an interface parallel to the x-ray beam has a unique spectral responose which makesit distinguishable from homogeneous materials.To demonstrate the method experimentally, a 120 mm polyethylene phantom with a 6 mmiodine-filled hole in its centre was imaged in a projection geometry using a photon-countingsilicon-strip detector with eight energy bins. X-ray transmission measurements of differentthicknesses of polyethylene and iodine were used to calibrate a forward model describing thedetector response for different objects in the beam. Using the proposed method, an imagespecific to the spectral response of an iodine-polyethylene interface was generated. Theresults show that the borders of the iodine insert are highlighted in the resulting image, ingood agreement with simulations.Our study demonstrates that spectral x-ray measurements can be used to distinguish betweensharp and gradual transitions in an x-ray image. The method may potentially be used forimproving visualization of blood vessel boundaries in stroke care.
5.	Persson, Mats, 1987-, et al. (author) Subpixel x-ray imaging with an energy-resolving detector 2018 In: Journal of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 2329-4302 .- 2329-4310. ; 5:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The detector pixel size can be a severe limitation in x-ray imaging of fine details in the human body. We demonstrate a method of using spectral x-ray measurements to image the spatial distribution of the linear attenuation coefficient on a length scale smaller than one pixel, based on the fact that interfaces parallel to the x-ray beam have a unique spectral response, which distinguishes them from homogeneous materials. We evaluate the method in a simulation study by simulating projection imaging of the border of an iodine insert with 200 mg/ml I in a soft tissue phantom. The results show that the projected iodine profile can be recovered with an RMS resolution of 5% to 34% of the pixel size, using an ideal energy-resolving detector. We also validate this method in an experimental study by imaging an iodine insert in a polyethylene phantom using a photon-counting silicon-strip detector. The results show that abrupt and gradual transitions can be distinguished based on the transmitted x-ray spectrum, in good agreement with simulations. The demonstrated method may potentially be used for improving visualization of blood vessel boundaries, e.g., in acute stroke care.
6.	Sylvan, Sandra Eketorp, et al. (author) First-line therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia : a Swedish nation-wide real-world study on 1053 consecutive patients treated between 2007 and 2013 2019 In: Haematologica. - : FERRATA STORTI FOUNDATION. - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 104:4, s. 797-805 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this study was to investigate long-term outcome following first-line therapy in consecutive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in a well-defined geographic area: Sweden. All patients diagnosed with CLL (2007-2013) (n=3672) were identified from national registries, screening of patient files identified all (100%) treated first line (n=1053) and for those, an in-depth analysis was performed. End points were overall response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Median age was 71 years; 53% had Rai stage III-IV and 97% had performance status grade 0-2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in 57% of patients: 15% had del(17p). Chlorambucil + prednisone was used in 39% (5% also received rituximab). Fludarabine+cyclophosphamide+rituximab or fludarabine+cyclophosphamide was used in 43% and bendamustine + rituximab in 6%. Overall response rate was 64%; chlorambucil 43%, fludarabine+cyclophosphamide+rituximab 84%, fludarabine+cyclophosphamide 75% and bendamustine + rituximab 75%. Median PFS and OS was 24 and 58 months, respectively, both were significantly associated (multivariate analysis) with type of treatment, del(17p), performance status, gender, age and geographical region (OS only). Chlorambucil-treated patients had a median PFS and OS of only 9 and 33 months, respectively. Chlorambucil usage declined gradually throughout the study period, but one-third of patients still received chlorambucil + rituximab in 2013. Infections >= grade III were significantly associated with treatment; chlorambucil 19% versus fludarabine+cyclophosphamide+rituximab 30%. Richter transformation occurred in 5.5% of the patients, equally distributed across therapies. This is the largest retrospective, real-world cohort of consecutive first-line treated CLL patients with a complete follow up. In elderly patients, an unmet need for more effective, well-tolerated therapies was identified.
7.	Afram, Basema, et al. (author) Predicting institutional long-term care admission in dementia: a mixed-methods study of informal caregivers' reports 2015 In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - Chichester : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 71:6, s. 1351-1362 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract AimTo investigate agreement between: (1) expected reasons and actual reasons for admission of people with dementia according to informal caregivers; (2) scores on measurement instruments prior to admission and the actual reasons for admission according to informal caregivers. BackgroundTimely admission of people with dementia is a crucial issue. Information is highly warranted on whether informal caregivers are capable of prior identification of causes of admission and, can thus be considered a reliable prospective source on causes of admission. DesignA cohort study among informal caregivers of people with dementia who made a transition to institutional long-term care. MethodsQualitative data on the expected and actual reasons for admission were collected via open-ended questions at baseline and follow-up. Furthermore, at baseline, data were collected using measurement instruments to measure pre-admission characteristics. Interviews took place between November 2010-April 2012. After categorizing the answers, the agreement between the expected and actual reasons was calculated. Furthermore, bivariate associations were calculated between the actual reasons for admission and scores on corresponding measurement instruments. Results/FindingsFor most informal caregivers, there was agreement between their statements on the expected reason and the actual reason for admission. A third of the caregivers showed no conformity. Bivariate associations showed that there is also agreement between the actual reasons for admission and scores on corresponding measurement instruments. ConclusionInformal caregivers can be considered reliable sources of information regarding what causes the admission of a person with dementia. Professional care should anticipate informal caregivers' statements and collaborate with them to strive for timely and appropriate admission.
8.	Ahmad, Amais, et al. (author) IMI – Oral biopharmaceutics tools project – Evaluation of bottom-up PBPK prediction success part 4 : Prediction accuracy and software comparisons with improved data and modelling strategies 2020 In: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 156, s. 50-63 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Oral drug absorption is a complex process depending on many factors, including the physicochemical properties of the drug, formulation characteristics and their interplay with gastrointestinal physiology and biology. Physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models integrate all available information on gastro-intestinal system with drug and formulation data to predict oral drug absorption. The latter together with in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and other preclinical data on drug disposition can be used to predict plasma concentration-time profiles in silico. Despite recent successes of PBPK in many areas of drug development, an improvement in their utility for evaluating oral absorption is much needed. Current status of predictive performance, within the confinement of commonly available in vitro data on drugs and formulations alongside systems information, were tested using 3 PBPK software packages (GI-Sim (ver.4.1), Simcyp® Simulator (ver.15.0.86.0), and GastroPlusTM (ver.9.0.00xx)). This was part of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools (OrBiTo) project.Fifty eight active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were qualified from the OrBiTo database to be part of the investigation based on a priori set criteria on availability of minimum necessary information to allow modelling exercise. The set entailed over 200 human clinical studies with over 700 study arms. These were simulated using input parameters which had been harmonised by a panel of experts across different software packages prior to conduct of any simulation. Overall prediction performance and software packages comparison were evaluated based on performance indicators (Fold error (FE), Average fold error (AFE) and absolute average fold error (AAFE)) of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.On average, PK parameters (Area Under the Concentration-time curve (AUC0-tlast), Maximal concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2)) were predicted with AFE values between 1.11 and 1.97. Variability in FEs of these PK parameters was relatively high with AAFE values ranging from 2.08 to 2.74. Around half of the simulations were within the 2-fold error for AUC0-tlast and around 90% of the simulations were within 10-fold error for AUC0-tlast. Oral bioavailability (Foral) predictions, which were limited to 19 APIs having intravenous (i.v.) human data, showed AFE and AAFE of values 1.37 and 1.75 respectively. Across different APIs, AFE of AUC0-tlast predictions were between 0.22 and 22.76 with 70% of the APIs showing an AFE > 1. When compared across different formulations and routes of administration, AUC0-tlast for oral controlled release and i.v. administration were better predicted than that for oral immediate release formulations. Average predictive performance did not clearly differ between software packages but some APIs showed a high level of variability in predictive performance across different software packages. This variability could be related to several factors such as compound specific properties, the quality and availability of information, and errors in scaling from in vitro and preclinical in vivo data to human in vivo behaviour which will be explored further. Results were compared with previous similar exercise when the input data selection was carried by the modeller rather than a panel of experts on each in vitro test. Overall, average predictive performance was increased as reflected in smaller AAFE value of 2.8 as compared to AAFE value of 3.8 in case of previous exercise.
9.	Alexandersson, Karin, et al. (author) Producing and consuming knowledge in social work practice: research and development activities in a Swedish context 2009 In: Evidence & Policy. - : Bristol University Press. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 5:2, s. 127-139 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This article presents various forms of activities performed by locally based social welfare research and development (R&D) units in Sweden. The authors argue that these units are vital actors in the field of encouraging and strengthening evidence-based social work practice. They are close to social services organisations and have the ability to use flexible methods in order to bridge the gap between research and practice in a local context. The theoretical framework for the article is the organisational excellence model – an archetype for how research can be used in practice.
10.	Alfredsson, Magnus, et al. (author) Funktionskriterier för vägkonstruktioner : Förstudie 2010 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Det projekt som här rapporteras har som syfte att identifiera och beskriva de svårigheter och möjligheter som totalentreprenader medför, respektive erbjuder, för alla parter. Målet är att utveckla totalentreprenader på ett sådant sätt att branschens effektivitet ökas. Denna rapport är en förstudie där det studerats vilka krav som byggherren ska ställa på utföraren av en vägkonstruktion i en totalentreprenad med funktionsansvar och hur utföraren ska verifiera kraven. Arbetet har genomförts med medlemmar från olika aktörer i branschen och omfattat främst litteraturstudier och intervjuer. Kunskaper och erfarenheter har sammanställts och analyserats för att slutligen kondenseras ned till ett antal förslag till fortsatt arbete.Förstudien har pekat ut ett antal områden som viktiga för att påskynda framtida utveckling av totalentreprenader:Terminologi – idag råder viss begreppsförvirringAnalys av funktionella krav i tidigare projektTrafikantkravMiljökravUtveckling av funktionella krav i samverkanVäghållarekonomiRegelbetingade begränsningar av funktionella kravUppföljning och underlättande av erfarenhetsackumuleringImplementering av nya mått och mätmetoder
11.	Andersen, Sören M., et al. (author) A scalable route to 5-substituted 3-isoxazolol fibrinolysis inhibitor AZD6564 2014 In: Organic Process Research & Development. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1083-6160 .- 1520-586X. ; 18:8, s. 952-959 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A practical and chromatography-free multikilogram synthesis of a 3-isoxazolol containing antifibrinolytic agent, AZD6564, has been developed in eight steps and 7% overall yield starting from methyl 2-chloroisonicotinate. Highlights in the synthesis are a Negishi coupling and an enzymatic resolution of a racemic ester.
12.	Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al. (author) A variant near the interleukin-6 gene is associated with fat mass in Caucasian men 2010 In: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 34:6, s. 1011-9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract CONTEXT: Regulation of fat mass appears to be associated with immune functions. Studies of knockout mice show that endogenous interleukin (IL)-6 can suppress mature-onset obesity. OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL-6 (IL6) and IL-6 receptor (IL6R) genes with body fat mass, in support for our hypothesis that variants of these genes can be associated with obesity. DESIGN AND STUDY SUBJECTS: The Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18- to 20-year-old men (n=1049), from the Gothenburg area (Sweden). Major findings were confirmed in two additional cohorts consisting of elderly men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden (n=2851) and MrOS US (n=5611) multicenter population-based studies. MAIN OUTCOME: The genotype distributions and their association with fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Out of 18 evaluated tag SNPs near the IL6 and IL6R genes, a recently identified SNP rs10242595 G/A (minor allele frequency=29%) 3' of the IL6 gene was negatively associated with the primary outcome total body fat mass (effect size -0.11 standard deviation (s.d.) units per A allele, P=0.02). This negative association with fat mass was also confirmed in the combined MrOS Sweden and MrOS US cohorts (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P=0.002). When all three cohorts were combined (n=8927, Caucasian subjects), rs10242595()A showed a negative association with total body fat mass (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P<0.0002). Furthermore, the rs10242595()A was associated with low body mass index (effect size -0.03, P<0.001) and smaller regional fat masses. None of the other SNPs investigated in the GOOD study were reproducibly associated with body fat. CONCLUSIONS: The IL6 gene polymorphism rs10242595(*)A is associated with decreased fat mass in three combined cohorts of 8927 Caucasian men.
13.	Andersson, Per, et al. (author) Characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction contacting primary healthcare before hospitalisation: a cross-sectional study 2018 In: BMC Family Practice. - : BMC. - 1471-2296. ; 19 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: The characteristics of patients with on-going myocardial infarction (MI) contacting the primary healthcare (PHC) centre before hospitalisation are not well known. Prompt diagnosis is crucial in patients with MI, but many patients delay seeking medical care. The aims of this study was to 1) describe background characteristics, symptoms, actions and delay times in patients contacting the PHC before hospitalisation when falling ill with an acute MI, 2) compare those patients with acute MI patients not contacting the PHC, and 3) explore factors associated with a PHC contact in acute MI patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicentre study, enrolling consecutive patients with MI within 24 hours of admission to hospital from Nov 2012 until Feb 2014. Results: A total of 688 patients with MI, 519 men and 169 women, were included; the mean age was 66 +/- 11 years. One in five people contacted PHC instead of the recommended emergency medical services (EMS), and 94% of these patients experienced cardinal symptoms of an acute MI; i.e., chest pain, and/or radiating pain in the arms, and/or cold sweat. Median delay time from symptom-onset-to-decision-to-seek-care was 2:15 hours in PHC patients and 0:40 hours in non-PHC patients (pamp;lt;0.01). The probability of utilising the PHC before hospitalisation was associated with fluctuating symptoms (OR 1.74), pain intensity (OR 0.90) symptoms during off-hours (OR 0.42), study hospital (OR 3.49 and 2.52, respectively, for two of the county hospitals) and a final STEMI diagnosis (OR 0.58). Conclusions: Ambulance services are still underutilized in acute MI patients. A substantial part of the patients contacts their primary healthcare centre before they are diagnosed with MI, although experiencing cardinal symptoms such as chest pain. There is need for better knowledge in the population about symptoms of MI and adequate pathways to qualified care. Knowledge and awareness amongst primary healthcare professionals on the occurrence of MI patients is imperative.
14.	Andersson, Per, et al. (author) Consequences of high-sensitivity troponin T testing applied in a primary care population with chest pain compared with a commercially available point-of-care troponin T analysis : an observational prospective study 2015 In: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-0500. ; 8:1, s. 1-9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND:There is a demand for a highly sensitive and specific point-of care test to detect acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is unclear if a high-sensitivity troponin assay will have enough discriminative power to become a decision support in primary care. The aim of this study was to evaluate a high-sensitivity troponin T assay performed in three primary health care centres in southeast Sweden and to compare the outcome with a point-of-care troponin T test.METHODS:This study included 115 patients who consulted their general practitioner for chest pain, dyspnoea on exertion, unexplained weakness and/or fatigue in the last 7days. Troponin T was analysed by a point-of-care test and a high-sensitivity method together with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and creatinine. All patients were checked for AMI or unstable angina (UA) within 30days of study enrolment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to examine possible connections between troponin T[greater than or equal to]15ng/L, clinical variables and laboratory findings at baseline. In addition, 21 patients with troponin T[greater than or equal to]15ng/L and no signs of AMI or UA were followed up for 2-3years.RESULTS:Three patients were diagnosed with AMI and three with UA. At the [greater than or equal to]15ng/L cut-off, the troponin T method had 100% sensitivity, 75% specificity for AMI and a positive predictive value of 10%. The troponin T point-of-care test missed one case of AMI and the detection limit was 50ng/L. Troponin T[greater than or equal to]15ng/L was correlated to age [greater than or equal to]65years (odds ratio (OR), 10.9 95% CI 2.28-51.8) and NT-proBNP in accordance with heart failure (OR 8.62 95% CI 1.61-46.1). Fourteen of the 21 patients, without signs of AMI or UA at baseline, still had increased troponin T at follow-up after 2-3years.CONCLUSIONS:A high-sensitivity troponin T assay could become useful in primary care as a point-of-care test for patients <65years. For patients older than 65-70years, a higher decision limit than [greater than or equal to]15ng/L should be considered and used in conjunction with clinical parameters and possibly with NT-proBNP.
15.	Andersson, Staffan, 1969-, et al. (author) Negotiating a Practice of Learning 2015 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Research on study choice and participation in higher education, particularly in science and engineering, stresses the importance of students' on-going identity work as learners (Holmegard, Ulriksen & Madsen, 2014; Henriksen, Dillon & Ryder, 2015), especially on the scale of field of study. Our project explore how such identity work takes place on course level.An interview study concerning course achievement was undertaken with 21 students on a third-semester physics course. An interpretative discourse analysis (Gee, 2011) of the interviews yielded a model for students' negotiations of their practice in the course. Three types of practice were described: Ignoring to study, Studying to pass, and Studying to learn. The choice between these was influenced by the significance recognized for the course. This recognition, in turn, was generally discussed in relation to identity, largely connected to programme affiliation.This negotiation process becomes especially relevant when differently profiled programmes allow students to recognize and expect different ways of doing disciplines. However, in the study context they often study the same courses. We will present examples of the consequences this can have, based on quantitative data from the fields of physics and economics. Our results emphasize the importance of designing and teaching courses in a way that enable all students to recognize them as significant, to encourage both learning and participation.ReferencesGee, J.P. (2011). An introduction to discourse analysis: theory and method. (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.Henriksen, E.K., Dillon, J., & Ryder, J. (Eds.). (2015). Understanding student participation and choice in science and technology education. Springer.Holmegaard, H.T., Ulriksen, L.M., & Madsen, L.M. (2014). The process of choosing what to study: A longitudinal study of upper secondary students' identity work when choosing higher education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 58(1), 21-40.
16.	Andersson, Staffan, 1969-, et al. (author) Recognizing the significance of electromagnetism as identity work of engineering students 2015 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Differences in student achievement, as measured by course grades, were explored on a third-semester Electromagnetism course through a mixed-methods approach. Interpretative discourse analysis of interviews showed how students describe their studying in relation to practice, significance and identity. Students that only saw a formal significance of the course, as an eligibility requirement, related to a practice of Studying to pass. A practice of Studying to pass was related to the recognition of vocational and disciplinary significance of the course. Program affiliation, associated with different views regarding vocations and the discipline of physics, were described as central for the on-going identity work of these students as learners. The results indicated that program affiliation played a central role for student achievement on the course. This was corroborated by a quantitative analysis showing that male and female students on most programs performed equally. This study was initiated to inform pedagogical development with the outspoken goal tohelp all female students, but the situation was not that simple. Our results emphasize the importance designing and teaching courses in a way that enable all students to recognize them as significant, to encourage both learning and participation.
17.	Andersson, Vincent, et al. (author) Macrocyclic Prodrugs of a Selective Nonpeptidic Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Display High Permeability, Efficient Bioconversion but Low Bioavailability 2016 In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 59:14, s. 6658-6670 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The only oral direct thrombin inhibitors that have reached the market, ximelagatran and dabigatran etexilat, are double prodrugs with low bioavailability in humans. We have evaluated an alternative strategy: the preparation of a nonpeptidic, polar direct thrombin inhibitor as a single, macrocyclic esterase-cleavable (acyloxy)alkoxy prodrug. Two homologous prodrugs were synthesized and displayed high solubilities and Caco-2 cell permeabilities, suggesting high absorption from the intestine. In addition, they were rapidly and completely converted to the active zwitterionic thrombin inhibitor in human hepatocytes. Unexpectedly, the most promising prodrug displayed only moderately higher oral bioavailability in rat than the polar direct thrombin inhibitor, most likely due to rapid metabolism in the intestine or the intestinal wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo ADME study of macrocyclic (acyloxy)alkoxy prodrugs, and it remains to be established if the modest increase in bioavailability is a general feature of this category of prodrugs or not.
18.	Andreae, Christina, 1969-, et al. (author) Does problem-based learning improve patient empowerment and cardiac risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease in a Swedish primary care setting? : A long-term prospective, randomised, parallel single randomised trial (COR-PRIM) 2023 In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: To investigate long-term effects of a 1-year problem-based learning (PBL) on self-management and cardiac risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Design: A prospective, randomised, parallel single centre trial.Settings: Primary care settings in Sweden.Participants: 157 patients with stable CHD completed the study. Subjects with reading and writing impairments, mental illness or expected survival less than 1 year were excluded.Intervention: Participants were randomised and assigned to receive either PBL (intervention) or home-sent patient information (control group). In this study, participants were followed up at baseline, 1, 3 and 5 years.Primary and secondary outcomes: Primary outcome was patient empowerment (Swedish Coronary Empowerment Scale, SWE-CES) and secondary outcomes General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), self-rated health status (EQ-VAS), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index (BMI), weight and smoking. Outcomes were adjusted for sociodemographic factors.Results: The PBL intervention group resulted in a significant improved change in SWE-CES over the 5-year period (mean (M), 39.39; 95% CI 37.88 to 40.89) compared with the baseline (M 36.54; 95% CI 35.40 to 37.66). PBL intervention group increased HDL-C level (M 1.39; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.50) compared with baseline (M 1.24; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.33) and for EQ-VAS (M 77.33; 95% CI 73.21 to 81.45) compared with baseline (M 68.13; 95% CI 63.66 to 72.59) while these outcomes remained unchanged in the control group. There were no significant differences in BMI, weight or scores on GSES, neither between nor within groups over time. The overall proportion of smokers was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group.Conclusion: One-year PBL intervention had positive effect on patient empowerment, health status and HDL-C at a 5-year follow-up compared with the control group. PBL education aiming to improve patient empowerment in cardiac rehabilitation should account for sociodemographic factors.
19.	Baresel, Christian, et al. (author) The municipal wastewater treatment plant of the future – A water reuse facility 2020 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract In 2015 the municipality of Simrishamn, together with IVL decided to start a project for the design, implementation and evaluation of a full-scale plant for removal of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals and hormone disturbing substances. This ambition came true within a VINNOVA funded programme, Challenge Driven Innovation and by a decision made by the City council for the investment in a full-scale demonstration plant. As the region, including Simrishamn municipality, have been facing water shortage in recent years, it was decided to also evaluate the possibility to reuse the treated water by infiltration to the ground water. For this, an advanced treatment was added to the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The evaluation of the implemented three parallel advanced treatment systems consisting of only activated carbon (GAC), ozonation combined with sand filter, and ozonation combined with activated carbon clearly shows an added removal effect for pharmaceuticals but also other pollutants. Evaluation of the reusability of the treated water also showed positive results. The removal of pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting substances and antibiotics was almost 100 % and indicates that the water could be reused, e.g. by recharging to the groundwater.
20.	Bengtsson, Staffan, et al. (author) Producing and consuming knowledge in social work practice : Research and development activities in a Swedish context. 2009 In: Evidence and policy. - : Policy Press. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 5:2, s. 127-139 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this article is to describe how experince-based knowledge can be made visible by giving some examples of how this has been done in Swedish social welfare services, in collaborations between social services agencies and research and development (R&D) units. These examples will be linked to theories and discussed in relation to different research utilisation models. By using one of these models, it is argued that R&D activities can broaden the concept of evidence-based practice and help brigde the gap between research and practice.
21.	Bergman, Annika, et al. (author) Genome-wide linkage scan for breast cancer susceptibility loci in Swedish hereditary non-BRCA1/2 families : Suggestive linkage to 10q23.32-q25.3 2007 In: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 46:3, s. 302-309 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The two breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified more than 10 years ago and, depending on population, mutations in these genes are responsible for a varying percentage of familial breast cancer. In more than half the families, the increased risk of breast cancer cannot be explained by mutations in these genes, and the goal of this study was to locate novel susceptibility genes. One of the main difficulties in identifying the cause of hereditary non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer is genetic heterogeneity, possibly due to multiple, incompletely penetrant susceptibility genes, along with ethnic and geographic differences. In this study, one large family and 13 small to medium-sized families with multiple cases of breast cancer were analyzed by genome-wide linkage analysis. The genome scan was performed by genotype analysis of 10,000 SNP markers on microarrays. The strongest evidence of linkage (HLOD 2.34) was obtained on chromosome region 10q23.32-q25.3. A further two regions were identified, with LOD scores above 2.10 on 12q14-q21 and 19p13.3-q12. In a subset of families of western Swedish origin, two regions generated LOD scores exceeding 1.8: 10q23.32-q25.3 and 19q13.12-q13.32. The large family in the study exceeded LOD 1.5 in three regions: 10q23.32-q25.3, 19q13.12-q13.32, and 17p13. Our results indicate that one or more of the suggested regions may harbor genes that are involved in the development of breast cancer.
22.	Bergsten, Anna (author) Population Differentiation in Solidago virgaurea along Altitudinal Gradients 2009 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Altitudinal gradients offer attractive opportunities for studies of population differentiation in response to environmental heterogeneity. In this thesis, I examined population differentiation along altitudinal gradients by combining common-garden experiments with field studies and experiments in alpine, subalpine and boreal populations of the perennial herb Solidago virgaurea. More specifically, I determined whether leaf physiology in terms of nitrogen concentration and resorption, flowering phenology, flower production and reproductive effort vary along altitudinal gradients. Nitrogen concentration in green leaves were higher in alpine than in subalpine and boreal populations. These differences persisted when plants were grown from seeds in a common-garden experiment at two sites, suggesting that the differences have a genetic component. There was mixed support for a trade-off between maximized carbon gain through the maintenance of high nitrogen concentration, and minimized nitrogen loss through high resorption. In their natural habitats alpine populations began flowering later than subalpine populations, but this difference was reversed when plants were grown in a common environment. This suggests that genetic differences among populations counteract environmental effects and reduce phenotypic variation in flowering time among populations. Flowering time thus shows countergradient genetic variation in S. virgaurea. In a common-garden experiment, boreal populations produced more flowers and had a higher reproductive effort than subalpine and alpine populations indicating habitat-specific genetic differences in reproductive allocation. In a field study, which included three populations, seed set was close to zero in the alpine population, intermediate in the subalpine population, and high in the boreal population. Experimental flower removal showed that seed production was associated with a considerable cost in terms of reduced flowering propensity the following year, but did not support the hypothesis that a large floral display is important for pollination success.
23.	Blomquist, L., et al. (author) Microdialysis of 5-S-cysteinyldopa from interstitial fluid in cutaneous human melanoma transplanted to athymic mice 1991 In: Melanoma Research. - 0960-8931. ; 1:1, s. 23-32 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Microdialysis was investigated as a tool for the determination of the extracellular concentration of the pigment metabolite 5-S-cysteinyldopa in human melanoma transplanted to athymic mice. Histology of the tumour with the microdialysis probes in situ showed no tissue damage. With probes equipped with polycarbonate membranes (20 kD) extraction (relative recovery) was approximately 50% at pH 4.0 and flow rates of 1 microliter/min, but at pH 7.0 recoveries were markedly lower, particularly from serum. In a first series of human melanomas transplanted to athymic mice low concentrations of 5-S-cysteinyldopa were detected in only two out of ten dialysates and were not detected in the other eight. Utilizing devices constructed for comparison of membrane characteristics in vitro we found about 4-fold higher recoveries with cuprophane and polyamide membranes than with polycarbonate membranes. Therefore newly constructed microdialysis probes (CMA/11) with cuprophane membranes were tested in vitro and gave recoveries of 38-48% from Ringer-Acetate solutions and 22-31% from serum, and the pH effects were low. When these probes were utilized in a second series of melanomas transplanted to athymic mice, 5-S-cysteinyldopa could easily be quantified in 10/10 experiments. A steady-state level of the dialysate 5-S-cysteinyldopa concentration was reached after 45 min.
24.	Boiso, Samuel, et al. (author) ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with suicide in forensic autopsies 2013 In: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 1744-6872 .- 1744-6880. ; 23:9, s. 463-469 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Polymorphisms in ABCB1 have the ability to affect both the function and the expression of the transporter protein P-glycoprotein and may lead to an altered response for many drugs including some antidepressants and antipsychotics.Objective The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the ABCB1 polymorphisms 1199Gandgt;A, 1236Candgt;T, 2677Gandgt;T/A, and 3435Candgt;T in deaths by suicide.Patients and methods A total of 998 consecutive Swedish forensic autopsies performed in 2008 in individuals 18 years of age or older, where femoral blood was available and a toxicological screening had been performed, were investigated. Genotypes were assessed with pyrosequencing and information on the cause and manner of each death was obtained from the forensic pathology and toxicology databases.Results There was a significantly higher frequency of the T allele at positions 1236, 2677, and 3435 among the suicide cases compared with the nonsuicide cases.Conclusion Our result from forensic cases suggests that ABCB1 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for completed suicides. The biological mechanisms involved and the clinical implications for these findings are largely unknown and need to be examined further.
25.	Borg, Christina, et al. (author) Environmental effects on long-shoot performance in mountain birch in northern Fennoscandia Journal article (peer-reviewed)
26.	Borg, Christina, et al. (author) Long-shoot performance in the mountain birch, Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii, in relation to parent shoot performance, climate, and defoliation Journal article (peer-reviewed)
27.	Borg, Christina, et al. (author) Responses to defoliation of mountain birch saplings from Iceland and Sweden grown under two nutrient regimes Other publication (other academic/artistic)
28.	Borg, Christina, 1970- (author) Structural Growth in Mountain Birch, Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii 2005 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract In this thesis, I have studied long shoot performance in the monoecious, deciduous tree Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii. In field studies and a common garden experiment, I have a) studied how environmental variations affect the performance of long shoots in mountain birch, and b) described the relationship between long shoot performance and characteristics of the parent long shoot.I have shown that difference in long shoot performance to some extent can be explained by environmental variables such as temperature, precipitation and global radiation the current and previous summer, annual soil and air temperatures, and the length of growing season. For example, a low summer temperature the previous summer had a negative effect on a majority of long shoot characteristics. Variation in shoot characteristics was of the same magnitude along the regional east-western gradient as along the local altitudinal gradient. Variation among individual trees was of the same magnitude as variation among years. Further, long shoot performance was affected by the parent shoot characteristics and reflects that primordia of different organs are formed in the previous summer. On several occasions, freezing damage to mountain birch has been observed on Mt Njulla in northernmost Sweden. Following such damage, fewer but larger leaves emerge. Damages were compensated for with increased number of buds on long shoots produced the same year and one year after damage. Moreover, there were more new long shoots born on short shoots among damaged trees. Dormant buds and short shoots fulfil important functions in a fluctuating environment and as an adaptation to recurring damages of different origin and severity.Differences in the performance among mountain birch saplings grown in a common-garden at Abisko could to a large degree be explained by their origin. Further, saplings from Sweden and from Iceland responded differently to defoliation, and fertilization did not alter the responses to defoliation.
29.	Bornefalk, Hans, et al. (author) Effect of Temperature Variation on the Energy Response of a Photon Counting Silicon CT Detector 2013 In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 60:2, s. 1442-1449 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The effect of temperature variation on pulse height determination accuracy is determined for a photon counting multibin silicon detector developed for spectral CT. Theoretical predictions of the temperature coefficient of the gain and offset are similar to values derived from synchrotron radiation measurements in a temperature controlled environment. By means of statistical modeling, we conclude that temperature changes affect all channels equally and with separate effects on gain and threshold offset. The combined effect of a 1 degrees C temperature increase is to decrease the detected energy by 0.1 keV for events depositing 30 keV. For the electronic noise, no statistically significant temperature effect was discernible in the data set, although theory predicts a weak dependence. The method is applicable to all x-ray detectors operating in pulse mode.
30.	Breistein, Palle, et al. (author) Chiral pyrrolidinium salts as organocatalysts in stereoselective 1,4-conjugate addition of N-methylpyrrole to cyclopent-1-ene carbaldehyde 2006 In: Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0957-4166. ; 17:1, s. 107-111 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
31.	Broström, Anders, 1978-, et al. (author) Mapping research on R&D, innovation and productivity : a study of an academic endavour 2017 In: Economics of Innovation and New Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1043-8599 .- 1476-8364. ; 26:1-2, s. 6-20 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
32.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Best practice and needs for improvement in the chain of care for persons with dementia in Sweden: a qualitative study based on focus group interviews 2014 In: BMC Health Services Research. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 14 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Persons with dementia receive health care and social services from a wide range of professional care providers during the disease trajectory, presenting risks of miscommunication, duplication and/or missed nursing interventions. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate professional care providers' views on conditions for best practice in terms of collaboration and improvement needs in the chain of care from early to end-of-life stage for persons with dementia in Sweden. Methods: The study had a qualitative design based on three focus group interviews. A strategic sample of 23 professional care providers was included. Data were subjected to content analysis based on the three stages of dementia (early, moderate, end-of-life). Results: The results were divided into five categories: Diagnosis is a prerequisite for specialized dementia care, Creating routines in the chain of care, Competent staff a prerequisite for high-quality care, Day care facilitates transition in the chain of care and Next-of-kin participation is a prerequisite for continuity in the chain of care. It was clear that, according to the participants, best practice in dementia care in Sweden is not achieved in every respect. It appeared that transitions of care between different organizations are critical events which need to be improved. The further the disease progresses, the less collaboration there seems to be among professional care providers, which is when the next of kin are usually called upon to maintain continuity in the chain of care. Conclusions: The results indicate that, according to the care providers, best practice in terms of collaboration is achieved to a higher degree during the early stage of dementia compared with the moderate and end-of-life stages. Lack of best practice strategies during these stages makes it difficult to meet the needs of persons with dementia and reduce the burden for next of kin. These are experiences to be taken into account to improve the quality of dementia care. Implementation research is needed to develop strategies for best practice on the basis of national knowledge-based guidelines and to apply these strategies in the moderate and end-of-life stages.
33.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Care and Service at Home for People With Dementia in Europe 2015 In: Abstractbook Nordic Conference on Advances in Health Care Sciences Research. ; , s. 22-22 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose: To describe available and utilized professional care and service at home for people with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries. Design: A descriptive cross-country design concerning eight European countries as a part of the European research project, RightTimePlaceCare (RTPC).Methods: The research team in each country used a mapping system to collect countryspecific information on a general level concerning dementia care and service system. The mapping system consisted of fifty types of care and service activities. Sixteen of the fifty predefined activities concerning professional care and service at home were selected for this study and subdivided into three categories, following the stages of dementia.Results: Availability was reported to be higher than utilization and the results indicated more similarities than differences among the eight countries involved. Even though there were several available activities of Basic care and services and Health care interventions they were utilized by few in most countries. Furthermore, Specialized care and services for people with dementia were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized in the participating countries.Conclusions: The results indicated that people with dementia in Europe received professional care and service on a general, basic level but seldom received care and service adjusted to their specific needs.Clinical Relevance: This study highlights available and utilized types of care and service activities enabling nurses to develop individually adjusted care plans for people with dementia during the progress of the disease. Knowledge of care and services in other countries provides nurses with an important tool for the improvement of dementia care. However assessing the quality of care requires an indication of informal care provision in different countries.
34.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Care and Service at Home for Persons With Dementia in Europe 2015 In: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1527-6546 .- 1547-5069. ; 47:5, s. 407-416 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose: To describe available and utilized formal care and service at home for persons with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries.Design: A descriptive cross-country design concerning eight European countries as a part of the European research project RightTimePlaceCare.Methods: The research team in each country used a mapping system to collect country-specific information concerning dementia care and service system. The mapping system consists of 50 types of care and service activities. Sixteen of the 50 predefined activities concerning care and service at home were selected for this study and subdivided into three categories, following the stages of dementia.Findings: Availability was reported to be higher than utilization, and the findings indicated more similarities than differences among the eight countries involved. Even though there were several available activities of "basic care and services" and "healthcare interventions," they were utilized by few in most countries. Furthermore, "specialized dementia care and services" were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized in the participating countries.Conclusions: The findings indicated that persons with dementia in Europe received formal care and service on a general, basic level but seldom adjusted to their specific needs.Clinical Relevance: This study describes the gap between service provision and utilization enabling nurses to develop individually adjusted care plans for persons with dementia during the progress of the disease. The findings do not include matters of quality of care or how to best organize effective care and services. However, the activities of care and services presented here should shed light on what room there is for improvement when it comes to enabling persons with dementia to go on living at home. © 2015 Sigma Theta Tau International.
35.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Professional care providers and stakeholders’ views of best practice in the care for persons with dementia in Sweden 2013 In: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 17:Suppl. 1, s. S369-S370 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Introduction: Dementia implies progressive loss of mental and physical functions during the trajectory of the disease (Porter & Kaplan, 2012). Persons with dementia need involvement of various and several care providers throughout the stages of dementia, and more knowledge is needed about best practice strategies in this complexity of care (Gurner, 2001). The aim of the study was to explore professional care providers and stakeholders’ views of best practice in concepts of information, collaboration and communication in the care for persons with dementia in Sweden.Method: The study had a qualitative approach based on three focus group interviews with a variation among participants regarding professions and workplaces to represent different types of care for persons with dementia from diagnosis to end of life care. The transcribed verbatim was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Preliminary results: In early stages primary health care specialized in dementia had close collaboration, training and mentoring, with memory clinic and home care. In the later stages the person with dementia had less frequent contacts with primary health care. Day care played an important role in information delivery of the disease, in collaboration with home and institutional care. In the latest stage the family had an important role as a proxy for the person with dementia about desires in the care.Conclusion: A well-functioning network in professional care seems to have an impact on persons with dementia to remain at home despite loss of mental and physical functions.On the behalf of RightTimePlaceCare consortium. http://www.righttimeplacecare.eu.
36.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Professional care providers and stakeholders’ views of best practice in the care for persons with dementia in Sweden 2013 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
37.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Professional care providers and stakeholders’ views of best practice in the chain of care for persons with dementia in Sweden 2013 In: Nordic Advances in Health Care Sciences Research. ; , s. 98-98 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: To meet the increasing needs for persons with dementia and their relatives a well-functioning health care system in which resources are used optimally is needed. For this to be achieved requires strategy and planning of synergies between the different cares providers. This study will explore professional caregivers’ and stakeholders’ views of best practice in terms of information, collaboration and communication in dementia care.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore professional care providers’ and stakeholders' views of best practice in concepts of information, collaboration and communication throughout the trajectory of care from diagnosis to end of life care for persons with dementia in Sweden.Method: The study had a qualitative approach based on three focus group interviews with a variation among participants regarding professions and workplaces to represent different types of care for persons with dementia from diagnosis to end of life care. The transcribed verbatim was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Preliminary results: In early stages primary health care specialized in dementia had close collaboration, training and mentoring, with memory clinic and home care. In the later stages the person with dementia had less frequent contacts with primary health care. Day care played an important role in information delivery of the disease, in collaboration with home and institutional care. In the latest stage the family had an important role as a proxy for the person with dementia about desires in the care.Conclusion: A well-functioning network in professional care seems to have an impact on persons with dementia to remain at home despite loss of mental and physical functions.
38.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Quality of life in persons with dementia and the influence of functional capacity and quality of care. 2015 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
39.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Significance of quality of care for quality of life in persons with dementia at risk of nursing home admission : A cross-sectional study 2017 In: BMC Nursing. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6955. ; 16:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Quality of life in persons with dementia is, in large part, dependent on the quality of care they receive. Investigating both subjective and objective aspects of quality of care may reveal areas for improvement regarding their care, which information may ultimately enable persons with dementia to remain living in their own homes while maintaining quality of life. The aim of this study was to 1) describe self-reported quality of life in persons with dementia at risk of nursing home admission. 2) describe subjective and objective aspects of quality of care, 3) investigate the significance of quality of care for quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional interview study design was used, based on questionnaires about quality of life (QoL-AD) and different aspects of quality of care (CLINT and quality indicators). The sample consisted of 177 persons with dementia living in urban and rural areas in Skåne County, Sweden. Descriptive and comparative statistics (Mann-Whitney U-test) were used to analyse the data. Results: Based upon Lawton's conceptual framework for QoL in older people, persons with pain showed significantly lower quality of life in the dimensions behavioural competence (p = 0.026) and psychological wellbeing (p = 0.006) compared with those without pain. Satisfaction with care seemed to have a positive effect on quality of life. The overall quality of life was perceived high even though one-third of the persons with dementia had daily pain and had had a weight loss of ≥4% during the preceding year. Furthermore, 23% of the persons with dementia had fallen during the last month and 40% of them had sustained an injury when falling. Conclusion: This study indicates need for improvements in home care and services for persons with dementia at risk for nursing home admission. Registered nurses are responsible for nursing interventions related to pain, patient safety, skin care, prevention of accidents, and malnutrition. Therefore, it is of great importance for nurses to have knowledge about areas that can be improved to be able to tailor interventions and thereby improve quality of care outcomes such as quality of life in persons with dementia living at home.
40.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) The communication and collaboration between professional care providers and intersectional information delivery in the care for people with dementia 2013 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
41.	Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author) Utilisation of formal and informal care and services at home among persons with dementia : a cross-sectional study 2018 In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:2, s. 843-851 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BackgroundThe progression of dementia disease implies increasing needs for both informal and formal care and services but also risk of institutionalisation. To better adjust care and services in the phase preceding institutionalisation it is important to find out whether utilisation of formal and informal care and services is determined by increased needs and by who meets the needs.AimThe aim was to compare persons with dementia (65+) with different levels of cognitive impairment, regarding utilisation of formal and informal care and service at home.MethodsThe participants consisted of 177 persons with dementia ≥65 years old and at risk of nursing home admission, divided into groups according to their cognitive function. Structured interviews were conducted based on questionnaires about type and amount of formal and informal care utilised, as well as questions regarding cognitive impairment, dependency in activities of daily living (ADLs) and neuropsychiatric symptoms. To analyse the data, descriptive and comparative statistics were used.ResultsThe findings revealed that the group with severe dementia used significantly more help with ADLs and supervision in terms of time (number of hours and days) provided by the informal caregiver, compared with the group with moderate dementia. Utilisation of formal care and services was highest in the group with the most severe cognitive impairments (Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination score of <9). The group with severe dementia were more dependent in ADLs and had more neuropsychiatric symptoms (hallucinations and motor disturbances). They were younger and more often cohabitated with the informal caregiver, compared with the group with moderate dementia.ConclusionThis study shows that in the phase preceding institutionalisation the ADL and supervision needs due to progression of dementia appear to tend to be met first and foremost by the informal caregivers. © 2017 Nordic College of Caring Science.
42.	Cabrera, Esther, et al. (author) Non-pharmacological interventions as a best practice strategy in people with dementia living in nursing homes : A systematic review 2015 In: European Geriatric Medicine. - Oxford : Elsevier BV. - 1878-7649 .- 1878-7657. ; 6:2, s. 134-150 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Two-thirds of nursing home residents suffer from dementia and there is a need for effective and efficient interventions with meaningful outcomes for these individuals. This study aims to identify current best practices in non-pharmacological interventions in nursing homes.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) declaration guideline. Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) evaluating non-pharmacological interventions focused on improving the Quality of Care (QoC) and/or Quality of Life (QoL) of people with dementia (PwD) living in nursing homes were included. For individual study evaluation, the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment tool was used.Results: A total of 31 articles were included and five main categories emerged: psychosocial and educational, physical activity, sensorial therapies, staff-focused interventions and complex interventions. Psychosocial interventions were the most exhaustively studied and evaluated interventions. Few studies related to physical therapy were identified and they did not provide enough evidence of their effectiveness. Therapeutic touch was revealed to have positive effects on residents with dementia.Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions have been shown to have the potential to improve the QoL and QoC of people with dementia in nursing homes. Before implementation of the intervention, it is recommended that activities are adjusted according to residents' characteristics and external factors controlled to achieve effectiveness and to structure a well-designed intervention. However, there is not enough evidence to support the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in general. Further well-designed research is needed on non-pharmacological interventions in nursing facilities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS and European Union Geriatric Medicine Society. All rights reserved.
43.	Carlsson, Bengt Å., et al. (author) Alpine and subalpine vegetation 1999 In: Swedish plant geography. - Uppsala : Svenska växtgeografiska sällskapet. - 9172100842 ; , s. 75-89 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
44.	Celojevic, Dragana, 1985, et al. (author) Superoxide dismutase gene polymorphisms in patients with age-related cataract 2013 In: Ophthalmic genetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5094 .- 1381-6810. ; 34:3, s. 140-145 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Functional polymorphisms in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes may result in reduced enzyme activity and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals, which in turn may contribute to increased risk of age-related disorders. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutases, SOD-1 and SOD-3, and manganese superoxide dismutase, SOD-2, are enzymes involved in the protection against oxidative stress and detoxification of superoxide. In this study, we investigated a number of disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3, in patients with age-related cataract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included an Estonian sample of 492 patients with age-related cataract, subgrouped into nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular and mixed cataract, and 185 controls. Twelve SNPs in SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 were genotyped using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination. Haplotype analysis was performed on the SNPs in SOD2. RESULTS: None of the studied SNPs showed an association with risk of cataract. These results were consistent after adding known risk factors (age, sex and smoking) as covariates in the multivariate analyses and after stratification by cataract subtype. Analysis of SOD2 haplotypes did not show any associations with risk of cataract. CONCLUSIONS: If genetic variation in genes encoding SOD-1, SOD-2 and SOD-3 contributes to cataract formation, there is no major contribution of the SNPs analyzed in the present study.
45.	Chen, Han, et al. (author) A photon-counting silicon-strip detector for digital mammography with an ultrafast 0.18-mu m CMOS ASIC 2014 In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 749, s. 1-6 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We have evaluated a silicon-strip detector with a 0.18-mu m CMOS application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) containing 160 channels for use in photon-counting digital mammography. Measurements were performed at the Elettra light source using monochromatic X-ray beams with different energies and intensities. Energy resolution, Delta E/E-in, was measured to vary between 0.10 and 0.23 in the energy range of 15-40 keV. Pulse pileup has shown little effect on energy resolution.
46.	Chitica, N, et al. (author) Fabrication of tunable InP/air-gap Fabry-Perot cavities by selective etching of InGaAs sacrificial layers 1999 In: Physica scripta. T. - : ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES. - 0281-1847. ; T79, s. 131-134 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report the fabrication of InP/air-gap Fabry-Perot resonant cavities with an improved tunability characteristic achieved through the micromachining of more flexible suspended InP beams. The micromechanical structures are electrostatically actuated. A tuning range of 55 nm is demonstrated for an actuation voltage of 12 V. The low leakage current, of less than 10 µA for a bias of up to 30 V, provides a low actuation power. The tunable air-gap cavities are fabricated by selective wet etching of InGaAs sacrificial layers. An FeCl3 based etchant is used to completely remove the InGaAs material without affecting the thickness of the InP layer. The anisotropy of the etch rate of InGaAs was also investigated and exploited in the micromachining process.
47.	Christiansen, Line, 1986- (author) Using Mobile Health Technology to Support Health-related Quality of Life : From the Perspective of Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment 2022 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The prevalence of cognitive impairment and illness increases with age. For older adults, maintaining or improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the early stages of cognitive impairment is important to prevent consequences related to the progression of the condition. This thesis aims to identify factors affecting HRQoL and describe how mHealth technology can support HRQoL in older adults with cognitive impairment.Four studies were conducted using quantitative and qualitative approaches. A cross-sectional design was used to identify factors affecting older adults’ HRQoL (Study I) and investigate the relationship between mHealth technology use and self-rated quality of life (QoL) (Study III). A phenomenographical design was used to describe variations in older adults’ perceptions of mHealth technology and its impact on HRQoL (Study II). A prospective longitudinal design was used to examine older adults’ HRQoL changes over time (Study IV).Participants were selected from two longitudinal population studies using a purposive sampling strategy to include those aged 55 years and above with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. Data were obtained from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Data from the quantitative studies were analysed using statistical analysis, including descriptive and comparative analysis and regression analysis, while data from the qualitative study were examined using phenomenographical analysis in consecutive steps.The results showed that most older adults experienced good HRQoL with regard to both physical and mental health. The likelihood of having good-to-excellent QoL increased with age and was higher among males and those with higher education levels. Those diagnosed with dementia reported poorer HRQoL. Factors associated with low HRQoL included dependency in activities of daily living, receiving informal care and feelings of loneliness and pain. The use of mHealth technology was perceived as supportive in maintaining social interactions and facilitating independent living. The technology literacy levels among the study sample varied significantly. Those who reported having moderate-to-high technical skills and using the internet regularly via mHealth technology had higher odds of experiencing good-to-excellent QoL. No significant changes were observed in the older adults’ HRQoL over time in relation to the non-use and use of a customized mHealth application.The indicators of HRQoL are clinically relevant for the secondary prevention of dementia to help maintain good HRQoL in older adults with incipient cognitive impairment. The technology-related differences reflect the risk of digital exclusion. To improve preconditions for being digitally involved in society, societal initiatives that aim to empower the technology literacy level of older adults are needed.
48.	Condelius, Anna, et al. (author) Exploring the Implementation of Individual Care Plans in Relation to Characteristics of Staff 2016 In: Open Journal of Nursing. - Irvine, CA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 6:8, s. 582-590 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim was to explore the implementation of individual care plans in municipal elderly care in relation to characteristics of staff. Data regarding characteristics of staff were derived through a questionnaire distributed to all staff working in the care for older people, (N = 908, n = 245) in four municipalities in Sweden. The number of care plans established during a one-year period was collected through a contact person in each municipality. In total 47 individual care plans were es-tablished during the study year. Significantly more staff in the municipality that had the most number of established individual care plans agreed that there had been sufficient education (p = 0.017), sufficient time (p = 0.002) and routines established regarding individual care plans (p = 0.014) and had a significantly better job satisfaction (p = 0.001), compared to staff in the other municipalities. Implementation leaders may need to take the working conditions and the percep-tion of available resources among staff into consideration in the on-going process of implementing individual care plans.
49.	Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al. (author) Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes 2007 In: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
50.	Cuesta, Marta, 1954-, et al. (author) Welfare technology, ethics and well-being a qualitative study about the implementation of welfare technology within areas of social services in a Swedish municipality 2020 In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 15:sup1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose: Digitalization and e-health have potential to generate good quality, equal health, well-being and to develop and strengthen individuals' resources with the goal of increased independence and participation in society. The implementation of welfare technology requires knowledge of digitalization, as well as an awareness of its meaning in terms of ethical principles and ethical analysis. The purpose of this study was to describe ethical analysis concerning the implementation of welfare technology, in terms of both strategies and tools, within areas of social services in a Swedish municipality.Method: We followed a working model that focused on increased knowledge and experience in the implementation of welfare technology from an ethical perspective. In the data collection were observations, a questionnaire with open-ended questions and focus group discussions used.Results: The analysis showed that when welfare technology was introduced and implemented within the area of social services in a municipality, ethical awareness resulting from the conflicts between various interests and values had to be addressed.Conclusions: The ethical analysis improved implementation of strategies and tools in terms of facts and values, and invisible underlying values to the concept of well-being.

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