| 1. |
- Svensson, Ann, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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Healthcare professionals learning when implementing a digital artefact identifying patients’ cognitive impairment
- 2023
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In: Journal of Workplace Learning. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 35:6, s. 490-505
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThis paper presents findings from a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ practice, where learning is taking place when a digital artefact is implemented for identification of patients’ cognitive impairment. The use of digital artefacts is increasing in various workplaces, to include professionals in healthcare. This paper aims to explore the following research question: How is the professional learning unfolding in patient-based work when a digital artefact transforms the practice?Design/methodology/approachVarious data collection methods are used for this study, consisting of dialogue meetings, interviews and a reference-group meeting. Thematic analysis is used to inductively bring forth the themes of the collected data.FindingsProfessionals’ knowledge and experience are of vital importance in learning and changing work practices. Together with their ability to reflect on changes, their knowledge and experience constitute the prefiguration when the introduction of a digital application brings about indeterminacy in the work practice.Originality/valueThis paper makes a contribution to practice-based research as it consolidates previous research and identifies professionals knowledge and learning in a healthcare context. This can be used to further explore and advance the field, as well as to establish the evidence-based importance of transforming practices based on implementation of digital artefacts.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alskär, Oskar, et al.
(author)
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Semi-mechanistic model describing gastric emptying and glucose absorption in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes
- 2016
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In: Journal of clinical pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0091-2700 .- 1552-4604. ; 56:3, s. 340-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The integrated glucose-insulin (IGI) model is a previously published semi-mechanistic model, which describes plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after glucose challenges. The aim of this work was to use knowledge of physiology to improve the IGI model's description of glucose absorption and gastric emptying after tests with varying glucose doses. The developed model's performance was compared to empirical models. To develop our model, data from oral and intravenous glucose challenges in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control subjects were used together with present knowledge of small intestinal transit time, glucose inhibition of gastric emptying and saturable absorption of glucose over the epithelium to improve the description of gastric emptying and glucose absorption in the IGI model. Duodenal glucose was found to inhibit gastric emptying. The performance of the saturable glucose absorption was superior to linear absorption regardless of the gastric emptying model applied. The semi-physiological model developed performed better than previously published empirical models and allows for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying glucose absorption. In conclusion, our new model provides a better description and improves the understanding of dynamic glucose tests involving oral glucose.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Cope, Jonathan E., et al.
(author)
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Clear effects on root system architecture of winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) from cultivation environment and practices
- 2024
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Roots play a pivotal role in the adaption of a plant to its environment, with different root traits adapting the plant to different stresses. The environment affects the Root System Architecture (RSA), but the genetic factors determine to what extent, and whether stress brought about by extreme environmental conditions is detrimental to a specific crop. This study aimed to identify differences in winter wheat RSA caused by cultivation region and practice, in the form of preceding crop (precrop), and to identify if modern cultivars used in Sweden differ in their reaction to these environments. This was undertaken using high-throughput phenotyping to assess the RSA. Clear differences in the RSA were observed between the Swedish cultivation regions, precrop treatments, and interaction of these conditions with each other and the genetics. Julius showed a large difference between cultivars, with 9.3-17.1% fewer and 12-20% narrower seminal roots. Standardized yield decreased when grown after wheat, 23% less compared to oilseed rape (OSR), and when grown in the Southern region, 14% less than the Central region. Additionally, correlations were shown between the root number, angle, and grain yield, with different root types being correlated depending on the precrop. Cultivars on the Swedish market show differences that can be adapted to the region-precrop combinations. The differences in precrop effect on RSA between regions show global implications and a need for further assessment. Correlations between RSA and yield, based on root-typexprecrop, indicate different needs of the RSA depending on the management practices and show the potential for improving crop yield through targeting genotypic and environmental conditions in a holistic manner. Understanding this RSA variance, and the mechanisms of conditional response, will allow targeted cultivar breeding for specific environments, increasing plant health and food security.
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| 7. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Cystatin B, cathepsin L and D related to surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease in children
- 2017
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study investigated potential associations between novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and other surrogate markers for health. Methods: Community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8–11 years. Total fat mass (TBF) and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total body fat was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured. Echocardiography was performed. Left atrial size (LA) and left ventricular mass (LVM) were measured. A follow-up DXA scan was available in 152 children (84 boys and 68 girls). Frozen serum samples were analyzed for cystatin B, cathepsin L and cathepsin D. Results: Partial correlations between cystatin B versus lnTBF, lnBF%, lnAFM, AFM/TBF, VO2PEAK and PP were; r = 0.38, 0.36, 0.38, 0.29, -0.25 and 0.25, P = 0.001 or less for all. Weaker predominantly non-significant correlations were found for cathepsin L, whereas cathepsin D was not related to any surrogate markers for health. No significant correlations were found between biomarkers and change in body fat over 2 years. Conclusion: Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease such as total fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, maximal oxygen uptake and pulse pressure were all associated with cystatin B. This was not found for cathepsin L or cathepsin D.
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| 8. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Tracking of Physical Activity with Accelerometers Over a Two-year Time Period.
- 2013
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In: Journal of Physical Activity & Health. - 1543-5474. ; 10:2, s. 241-248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limited data exists of tracking and changes in accelerometer measured physical activity in children. METHODS: Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for four days in 167 children (boys n=90, girls n=77), aged 9.8±0.6 years. Follow-up measurement was made 2.0±0.1 yrs later (range 1.9-2.1 yrs). General physical activity (GPA) was defined as mean count/minute. Minutes of inactivity, light- moderate- and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) per day were calculated both as absolute values and as percentage of total registration time. RESULTS: Spearman rank order correlation indicated low tracking of MVPA and VPA in girls (r=0.25-0.33, P<0.05), and low-moderate tracking of GPA, inactivity, LMVPA, MVPA and VPA in boys (r=0.23-0.40, P<0.05). Time in inactivity increased at follow-up by 5-14%. Most of the assessed physical activity variables were decreased at follow-up by 6-30%. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity tracks at a low-moderate degree from age 10 to age 12 years, which confirm previous investigations that have used self-report assessments. The low-moderate tracking of physical activity variables indicate that those who were most active initially remained most active. Increasing inactive behaviour was observed and that several other physical activity variables were decreased at follow-up.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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Globalization, international spillovers and sectoral changes : Implications for regions and industries
- 2018
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In: Globalization, international spillovers and sectoral changes. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781786432483 ; , s. 1-22
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As a consequence of globalization, news, ideas and knowledge are moving quickly across national borders and generating international spillovers. So too, however, are economic and financial crises. Combining a variety of methods, concepts and interdisciplinary approaches, this book provides an in-depth examination of these structural changes and their impact. Assessing the implications of globalization for businesses and sectors, chapters focus on the interdependencies between different economic and political layers, and explore topics such as human capital, creativity, innovation, networks and collaboration.
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| 11. |
- Guiastrennec, Benjamin, et al.
(author)
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Model-based prediction of plasma concentration and enterohepatic circulation of total bile acids in humans
- 2018
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In: CPT. - : Wiley. - 2163-8306. ; 7:9, s. 603-612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bile acids released postprandially can modify the rate and extent of lipophilic compounds’ absorption. This study aimed to predict the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of total bile acids (TBAs) in response to caloric intake from their spillover in plasma. A model for TBA EHC was combined with a previously developed gastric emptying (GE) model. Longitudinal gallbladder volumes and TBA plasma concentration data from 30 subjects studied after ingestion of four different test drinks were supplemented with literature data. Postprandial gallbladder refilling periods were implemented to improve model predictions. The TBA hepatic extraction was reduced with the high‐fat drink. Basal and nutrient‐induced gallbladder emptying rates were altered by type 2 diabetes (T2D). The model was predictive of the central trend and the variability of gallbladder volume and TBA plasma concentration for all test drinks. Integration of this model within physiological pharmacokinetic modeling frameworks could improve the predictions for lipophilic compounds’ absorption considerably.
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| 12. |
- Immerstrand, Tina, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of the properties of Pediococcus parvulus for probiotic or protective culture use.
- 2010
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In: Journal of Food Protection. - 0362-028X. ; 73:5, s. 960-966
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (previously Pediococcus damnosus 2.6, here confirmed as P. parvulus by 16S DNA sequencing) displayed antibacterial activity toward several bacterial species, including isolates found as contaminants in oats, herein genetically identified as Bacillus cereus. No inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes was found under the conditions used. Antibacterial activity was retrieved after ammonium sulfate or acetone precipitation showed it to be peptide mediated. P. parvulus 2.6 has previously shown good technological properties in oat-based products. This, together with the currently found inhibition of food spoilage microorganisms like B. cereus, makes it suitable as a food protective culture. Survival trials of P. parvulus 2.6 at conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal tract were prompted by previously found cholesterol-lowering effects in humans after consumption of oat products cofermented by using P. parvulus 2.6 and Bifidobacterium spp. Viability was measured with in vitro, gutlike simulations at 37 degrees C. High survival was shown under two of three conditions (gastric juice, bile, and small intestine juice), defined as main obstacles of the gastrointestinal tract. The critical step was bile exposure. At a concentration of 20%, viability was low, but 0.3% bile (mean concentration in the intestine) did not have a major influence on growth. Viability of P. parvulus 2.6 was significantly decreased in gastric juice at pH 1.5 (with pepsin), but it was not significantly affected at pH 2.5, and was also improved at a lower pH in 20% oat milk. Viability was judged sufficient for colonization at gutlike conditions, qualifying the strain for further probiotic studies.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kaliff, Malin, 1985-
(author)
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Human papillomavirus and cellular biomarkers in cervical cancer
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by a persistent infection of certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Even though great progress has been made in strategies for prevention, and treatment of CC, there is still a need for improved methods in screening and management of women diagnosed with CC. The aim of this thesis was to gain further knowledge of CC by studying HPV-related or cellular biomarkers in precursors and established cancer.Mostly molecular methods were used for analysis of both tumour and screening samples. Among the studied biomarkers were HPV genotype, HPV multiplicity, viral load and methylation.Initially, HPV was detected in only 86% of the tumours; after careful reinvestigation of the negative samples, the final prevalence was 93%. The results show that analysis of long-term archived samples may require thorough and repeated analysis to obtain accurate results. In the HPV-positive tumour samples, 13% tested positive for multiple genotypes. This finding was associated with poor prognosis for the woman and could be a useful biomarker for prognostic assessment in CC. Viral load was analysed as a potential contributing factor for prognosis differences, however, no such association was detected.In the screening cohort, 40% of women with high-grade abnormalities were positive for HPV16 and 18, genotypes included in the vaccine used since 2012 in Sweden, while 88% were positive for the genotypes in the updated vaccine used since 2019. This indicates a large future reduction of high-grade abnormalities in the vaccinated cohorts, and baseline data like these are valuable for surveillance of genotype distribution in the coming decades. A methylation test targeting two human genes, proposed for use in screening, was tested on the screening samples. We detected no association between hypermethylation and HPV, but it was associated with increasing age, something that needs to be considered if using this method in screening.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(author)
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Globalization, international spillovers and sectoral changes : An introduction
- 2018
-
In: Globalization, International Spillovers and Sectoral Changes: Implications for Regions and Industries. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781786432483 - 9781786432476 ; , s. 1-22
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As a consequence of globalization, news, ideas and knowledge are moving quickly across national borders and generating international spillovers. So too, however, are economic and financial crises. Combining a variety of methods, concepts and interdisciplinary approaches, this book provides an in-depth examination of these structural changes and their impact. Assessing the implications of globalization for businesses and sectors, chapters focus on the interdependencies between different economic and political layers, and explore topics such as human capital, creativity, innovation, networks and collaboration
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| 16. |
- Karlsson, Isabella, et al.
(author)
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Nature-Derived Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Sensitizing Capacity-Isosorbide-Based Bis-Epoxides
- 2023
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In: Chemical Research in Toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0893-228X .- 1520-5010. ; 36:2, s. 281-290
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epoxy resin systems (ERSs) are a class of thermosetting resins that become thermostable and insoluble polymers upon curing. They are widely used as components of protective surfaces, adhesives, and paints and in the manufacturing of composites in the plastics industry. The diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is used in 75-90% of ERSs and is thus by far the most used epoxy resin monomer (ERM). Unfortunately, DGEBA is a strong skin sensitizer and it is one of the most common causes of occupational contact dermatitis. Furthermore, DGEBA is synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), which is a petroleum-derived chemical with endocrine-disruptive properties. In this work, we have used isosorbide, a renewable and nontoxic sugar-based material, as an alternative to BPA in the design of ERMs. Three different bisepoxide isosorbide derivatives were synthesized: the diglycidyl ether of isosorbide (1) and two novel isosorbide-based bis-epoxides containing either a benzoic ester (2) or a benzyl ether linkage (3). Assessment of the in vivo sensitizing potency of the isosorbide bis-epoxides in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) showed that all three compounds were significantly less sensitizing than DGEBA, especially 2 which was nonsensitizing up to 25% w/v. The peptide reactivity showed the same order of reactivity as the LLNA, i.e., 2 being the least reactive, followed by 3 and then 1, which displayed similar peptide reactivity as DGEBA. Skin permeation of 2 and 3 was compared to DGEBA using ex vivo pig skin and static Franz cells. The preliminary investigations of the technical properties of the polymers formed from 1-3 were promising. Although further investigations of the technical properties are needed, all isosorbide bis-epoxides have the potential to be less sensitizing renewable replacements of DGEBA, especially 2 that had the lowest sensitizing potency in vivo as well as the lowest peptide reactivity.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Matilda, et al.
(author)
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Developing preventive interventions for youth in local settings - what can science learn from practice about intervention development?
- 2022
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In: European Society for Prevention Research EUSPR. ; , s. 24-24
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Children and teens placed in out-of-home care experience a long-term disadvantage in virtually all health-related and socioeconomic outcomes compared to youth who do not have this experience. Few interventions that aim to support youth in leaving out-of-home care and help them prepare for adult life have been identified in the scientific literature. Even fewer have evidence of being effective. As a response to the lack of consistent support for young care leavers in Sweden, two attempts to develop transition services have been initiated during the past few years. Practice experience of intervention development has not been leveraged in scientific research and though many theoretical frameworks for intervention development have emerged in recent years, such frameworks are often developed by researchers, for researchers. Still, most interventions are developed by practitioners, in local practice settings. Research indicates that locally developed interventions seem to be more successful than interventions that are adopted without adaptation. Investigating how practitioners approach conceptualization and development of interventions can provide an important insight into how interventions can better be designed to fit the needs of those for whom they are designed and increase our theoretical and empirical understanding of this process. By exploring the development process of locally developed interventions for youth leaving out-of-home care in Sweden, the aim of this project is to contribute to the intervention development literature by investigating the possibility for researchers to learn from practice about how we can develop more effective and ethical interventions for vulnerable populations. Interviews with developers of preventive interventions for youth will explore activities and priorities in the practice-based intervention development process and how these compare and contrast across a spectrum of approaches to intervention development in the scientific literature. Preliminary results and implications for future practice and research will be discussed based on the interviews.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Karlsson, Matilda, et al.
(author)
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Social workers’ experiential accounts of complex intervention development for youth and families in practice settings
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Social Work. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We aimed to explore social workers’ experiential accounts of developing complex interventions for youth and families within practice settings. Social workers’ experience of developing interventions has not been leveraged in scientific research even though many complex interventions in use are developed by social workers in practice settings. Lack of insight into the intervention development process impairs our ability to link approaches to outcomes and thereby assess whether specific approaches produce interventions that are more successful than others. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 developers of seven complex interventions. Through qualitative content analysis we identified 11 categories of activities participants engaged in during the development process. Participants described engaging in a range of activities found in the scientific literature. However, participant engagement in development activities were motivated on different grounds and conducted at different stages than suggested by current intervention development frameworks. Contextual and organisational factors were important in shaping the final approach to intervention development. We recommend future research on intervention development from the practitioner perspective to further explore and validate these findings. We encourage practitioners to document important details in their intervention development work to build a literature base and guide other practitioners who engage in complex intervention development.
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| 22. |
- Koohnavard, Tina, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Driving Simulator Studies - Opportunities to Elicit Important Knowledge from Experienced Truck Drivers
- 2017
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In: NORDIC ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE. ; , s. 321-327
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twelve experienced truck drivers participated in a driving simulator study with the overall aim to develop further knowledge on how driving postures are influenced by cab design features (e.g. head-up display and camera monitoring system (CMS). Objective data was collected on drivers' posture and subjective data on their experience of driving as well as thoughts on the new designs. The subjective data and the experience of the truck drivers brought additional value to the simulator studies in terms the pros and cons of different designs but also of suggestions how to improve the realism of the simulator; and reflections on drivers' behaviour in situations that did not exist in the simulator.
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| 23. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
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| 24. |
- Malmquist, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Elderly Peoples Perceptions of Heat Stress and Adaptation to Heat : An Interview Study
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Heatwaves are having a disproportionate impact on the elderly population, as demonstrated by pronounced mortality and morbidity. The present study aimed to explore elders subjective experiences of heat impacts and adaptive strategies. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 19 elderly Swedes were conducted, focusing on their experiences of the extremely hot summer of 2018. Results: Most informants suffered during the heatwave, although some found it pleasant. The readiness to implement adaptive measures was generally high among the healthiest, who were able to avoid excessive heat and adjust their daily routines. In contrast, those highly dependent on care from others had limited options for avoiding the heat, and little capacity to take up adaptive measures. Discussion: With heat becoming an increasing problem, it is important to adjust elderly care so that the most vulnerable elderly people can avoid excessive heat exposure.
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| 25. |
- Ohlson, Erik, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Validation of a Movable Truck Driving Simulation Tool – Comparing Truck Drivers’ Sitting Postures in a Simulator and in Field Truck Driving.
- 2016
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study was formed to validate the functionality of a movable truck driving simulation tool. The research questions aimed to detect areas of use for the simulation tool, and investigate how well the simulator was consistent with a real truck cabin in terms of realism and postural behavior among truck drivers. Nine truck drivers were included in two different driving scenarios, one field trial and one trial in the truck driving simulation tool. All participants were interviewed after each test scenario. The validation study implied that the truck simulation tool could be used to study postural behavior in dynamic driving situations, taking into account that minor improvements need to be fulfilled to increase the sense of realism and minimize the effect of nausea.
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| 26. |
- Olsson, Tina M., et al.
(author)
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Balancing effectiveness with ethics in supporting youth in out-of-home care transition to adulthood : development and pilot test of a new intervention
- 2022
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In: EUSPR 2022 Program. ; , s. 76-76
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Youth in out-of-home care are an extremely vulnerable population subject to disproportionate negative outcomes. Few interventions have been identified as being effective in supporting this population in transition from out-of home care to independent living. At the start of this project there were no interventions delivered in Sweden designed to support youth in their transition from out-of-home care to independent living. Although standards for effectiveness guide stakeholders interested in disseminating and scaling up interventions in practice to implement interventions with fidelity, there is growing evidence that adapting interventions when transferring them between contexts or developing interventions within the context in which they will be implemented may be more effective strategies than straight adoption. This may be due to the adaptation process’s impact on perceived acceptability and appropriateness among professionals that will be delivering the intervention in its new setting. Ethical practice is concerned with acceptable and appropriate behavior based on the values and norms of the profession as well as the values and norms of client groups. From a practice perspective, interventions and their components that are approved of and accepted by the professionals that will deliver them and the youth that will participate in them can be understood as at least in part more ethical than interventions which are not approved of or perceived as accepted by these groups. The aim of this project is to develop an effective and ethical intervention to support youth in out-of-home care transition to independent living through a co-creation process with practitioners. We use an open source, evidence-based implementation framework, Getting to Outcomes , to guide our work. We present the development process and preliminary results from a pilot study with focus on acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility from a practitioner and youth perspective. We present how these results led to refinement of the intervention.
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| 27. |
- Olsson, Tina M., 1971, et al.
(author)
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Balancing effectiveness with ethics in supporting youth in out-of-home care transition to adulthood: development and pilot test of a new intervention
- 2022
-
In: European Society for Prevention Research EUSPR.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Youth in out-of-home care are an extremely vulnerable population subject to disproportionate negative outcomes. Few interventions have been identified as being effective in supporting this population transition from out-of-home care to independent living. At the start of this project there were no interventions delivered in Sweden designed to support youth in their transition from out-of-home care to independent living. Although standards for effectiveness guide stakeholders interested in disseminating and scaling up interventions in practice to implement interventions with fidelity, there is growing evidence that adapting interventions when transferring them between contexts or developing interventions within the context in which they will be implemented may be more effective strategies than straight adoption. This may be due to the adaptation process's impact on perceived acceptability and appropriateness among professionals that will be delivering the intervention in its new setting. Ethical practice is concerned with acceptable and appropriate behavior based on the values and norms of the profession as well as the values and norms of client groups. From a practice perspective, interventions and their components that are approved of and accepted by the professionals that will deliver them and the youth that will participate in them can be understood as at least in part more ethical than interventions which are not approved of or perceived as accepted by these groups. The aim of this project is to develop an effective and ethical intervention to support youth in out-of-home care transition to independent living through a co-creation process with practitioners. We use an open source, evidence-based implementation framework, Getting to Outcomes, to guide our work. We present the development process and preliminary results from a pilot study with focus on acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility from a practitioner and youth perspective. We present how these results led to refinement of the intervention.
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| 28. |
- Ponting, David J., et al.
(author)
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Development of New Epoxy Resin Monomers - A Delicate Balance between Skin Allergy and Polymerization Properties
- 2019
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In: Chemical Research in Toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0893-228X .- 1520-5010. ; 32:1, s. 57-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epoxy resin monomers (ERMs) are used as building blocks for thermosetting polymers in applications where strong, flexible, and lightweight materials are required. Most epoxy resins are polymers of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). It is highly allergenic and causes occupational allergic contact dermatitis and contact allergy in the general population. Thus, measures to prevent exposure by protective clothing and education are not enough. This work describes a continuation of our research aiming at reducing the skin-sensitizing potency of ERMs while maintaining the ability to form polymers. Alternative ERMs were designed and synthesized whereafter the sensitizing potency was determined using the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). The reactivity of the diepoxides toward a nucleophilic peptide was investigated, and the differences in reactivity explained using computational studies. The diepoxides were reacted with triethylenetetramine, and the formed polymers were tested for technical applicability using thermogravimetric analysis. We had previously shown that the absence of an oxygen atom in the side chains or removal of aromaticity reduced the sensitizing potency compared to that of DGEBA. Thus, a cycloaliphatic analogue 1 of DGEBA without ether oxygen in the side chains was considered promising and was synthesized. As predicted, the sensitizing potency was considerably reduced (10 times) compared to that of DGEBA. However, the technical properties of the polymer of this compound were not considered sufficient. More polar aromatic analogues were investigated, but they could not compete with our previously described ERMs regarding polymerization properties and with 1 regarding low skin sensitization properties. Development of alternative epoxy materials is a delicate balance between allergenic activity and polymerization properties. Tuning of structural properties together with investigation of polymerization conditions combined with skin sensitization studies should be used in industrial research and development. ERM 1 could be used as a lead compound for further studies of aliphatic ERMs.
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| 29. |
- Røge, Rikke Meldgaard, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Mathematical modelling of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 following ingestion of glucose
- 2017
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In: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7835 .- 1742-7843. ; 121:4, s. 290-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), play an important role in glucose homeostasis by potentiating glucose-induced insulin secretion. Furthermore, GLP-1 has been reported to play a role in glucose homeostasis by inhibiting glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying. As the insulinotropic effect of GLP-1 is preserved in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), therapies based on GLP-1 have been developed in recent years, and these have proven to be efficient in the treatment of T2D. The endogenous secretion of both GIP and GLP-1 is stimulated by glucose in the small intestine, and the release is dependent on the amount. In this work, we developed a semimechanistic model describing the release of GIP and GLP-1 after ingestion of various glucose doses in healthy volunteers and patients with T2D. In the model, the release of both hormones is stimulated by glucose in the proximal small intestine, and no differences in the secretion dynamics between healthy individuals and patients with T2D were identified after taking differences in glucose profiles into account.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Svärd, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Havet 2015/2016 : Om miljötillståndet i svenska havsområden
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten Havet erbjuder en regelbunden uppdatering av tillstandet ivara svenska havsomraden. Utgangspunkten ar den nationella marinamiljoovervakningen, som presenteras i kapitlet Fakta om nationell marinmiljoovervakning.Rapporten inleds med en sammanfattande beskrivning av de olikahavsomradenas aktuella tillstand samt statusen i relation till miljomalen.Tillstandsbeskrivningen baseras till storsta del pa resultaten fran dennationella miljoovervakningen, men aven andra kallor anvands. Dessafinns med som referenser. I ar redovisas ocksa en studie over de mojligheteroch utmaningar som finns med att gora en samlad analys av baderegional och nationell miljodata.I kapitlet ”Perspektiv pa havsmiljon” ges en fordjupad bild av nagramarina miljoproblem i en serie artiklar. I rapporten finns aven tva syntesartiklar(markta med forstoringsglas som mots i ett kors), dar variablerfran olika delar i den nationella miljoovervakningen har analyserats tillsammans.Synteserna ger en fordjupad forstaelse for hur olika faktoreroch ekologiska processer samverkar.Huvuddelen av Havet bestar av amneskapitel med arets tillstandsbedomning(grona sidor markta med forstoringsglas) och fordjupandeartikeltexter. For att hjalpa lasaren inleds tillstandsbedomningarna meden kort text som beskriver varfor denna variabel anvands inom miljoovervakningen(bla ruta), samt en sammanfattning av arets miljotillstand(lite ljusare gron). Figurerna visar, om inget annat anges, medelvardenmed 95-procentigt konfidensintervall samt statistiskt sakerstallda trendlinjer.I vissa figurer har vardena ocksa relaterats till vattendirektivetsstatusklasser, dar fargerna representerar de olika tillstandsklasserna.
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| 32. |
- Tanha, Tina, et al.
(author)
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Correlation between physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat against autonomic function profile in children
- 2016
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In: Clinical Autonomic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-1560 .- 0959-9851. ; 26:3, s. 197-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate correlations between physical activity, VO2PEAK and body fat versus autonomic function in children.METHODS: Children (n = 98) between 10 and 12 years underwent a maximal exercise test (VO2PEAK) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured body fat. General physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity and vigorous physical activity were assessed by accelerometers. Deep breath test with E/I-ratio calculation and a head-up tilt test were performed. The sum of z-scores represented an index score for autonomic function profile and included E/I-ratio plus difference in blood pressure and heart rate between supine and tilted position. Correlation analyses were performed between physical activity parameters, body fat and VO2PEAK versus autonomic function profile.RESULTS: No significant correlations were found between autonomic function profile and physical activity or body fat (p > 0.05). VO2PEAK was correlated with autonomic function profile in boys (r = 0.30, p < 0.05), but not in girls (r = 0.04, NS). One girl and eight boys terminated head-up tilt test prematurely due to intolerance. Minutes of vigorous physical activity per day was lower in these boys compared with those (n = 48) who completed the head-up tilt test (5.1 ± 3.3 vs. 10.4 ± 6.6, p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Physical activity or body fat was not associated with autonomic function profile. VO2PEAK correlated to autonomic function profile in boys.
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| 33. |
- Tanha, Tina, et al.
(author)
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Lack of physical activity in young children is related to higher composite risk factor score for cardiovascular disease.
- 2011
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In: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 100, s. 717-721
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: This study evaluates if accelerometer measured physical activity is related to higher composite risk factor scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children. Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 223 children aged 7.9-11.1 years (boys n=123, girls n=100). Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for four days. Body fat was quantified by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured during a maximal exercise test. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Z-scores [(value for the individual-mean value for group)/SD] were calculated for each variable and the sum of different risk factor z-scores used as an index of composite risk factors score for CVD. Results: Partial correlations, from General Linear Model, between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA) and general physical activity (GPA) versus index of composite risk factor score were in boys -0.29, -0.33 and -0.30 (all p<0.05). The corresponding correlations in girls were -0.28, -0.32 (both p<0.05), and -0.18, (NS). Conclusion: Low amounts of MVPA and VPA were related to higher composite risk factor scores for CVD in children aged 8-11 years.
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| 36. |
- Vrieler, Tina, Ph.D., et al.
(author)
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A Sociocultural Perspective on Computer Science Capital and its Pedagogical Implications in Computer Science Education
- 2022
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In: ACM Transactions on Computing Education. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1946-6226. ; 22:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this conceptual article is to provide a framework and a lens for educators in diversifying and making CS education more inclusive. In this article, we conceptualize the notion of computer science capital(CSC), which extends Bourdieu's sociological theory of capital and Archer et al.'s work on “science capital.” The CSC concept was developed by contrasting the concept of science capital with a literature review on key factors affecting students' aspirations in CS. We argue that there is a need to distinguish between science capital and CSC, because the types of capital that are considered legitimate vary between the field of natural science and computer science. The CSC concept uses a sociocultural perspective on learning and can be understood as a form of symbolic capital that is influential in facilitating students' possibility to fully participate in, engage with, and form aspirations in CS. The CSC concept consists of three main components, each with associated subcomponents. We believe our CSC framework, along with the self-reflection prompts included in this article, will offer support for reflections for educators in their daily pedagogical work. By taking students' various levels of social and cultural capital into consideration, educators can plan didactic activities with a focus to strengthen students’ various types of capital. This includes reflection on how implicit and explicit norms, beliefs, thoughts, expectations, values, and ideas can affect the pedagogical practices and ultimately the students. Only when we are reflective about our teaching practices can we be better positioned to construct a more inclusive teaching and learning environment.
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