| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Trencher, Gregory, et al.
(author)
-
Innovating for an ageing society : insights from two Japanese smart cities
- 2019
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In: Inside Smart Cities : Place, Politics and Urban Innovation - Place, Politics and Urban Innovation. - 1 Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019. : Routledge. - 9781351166201 - 9780815348689 - 9780815348672 ; , s. 258-274, s. 258-274
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smart cities are enthusiastically promoted around the world by industry and governments alike as a desirable means to achieve urban sustainability. This chapter contributes empirical evidence on how projects reflecting qualities of a Smart City 2.0 model can play out on the ground. It examines two Japanese smart cities addressing the interconnected challenges of an ageing society and preventative health care for the elderly: Kashiwanoha Smart City near Tokyo and Aizuwakamatsu Smart City in Fukushima Prefecture. The Smart City 2.0 model places the needs of residents first, promotes participation and citizen empowerment and 'stresses technology as a tool to use predominantly in service of citizens'. The chapter draws on fieldwork conducted between August 2014 and October 2017 involving seven site visits and 20 semi-structured interviews with 21 stakeholders. To ensure a diversity of perspectives, respondents included planners and project actors from local government, private enterprises, universities, non-profits and resident groups.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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Artificial Intelligence and the City : Urbanistic Perspectives on AI
- 2024
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This book explores in theory and practice how artificial intelligence (AI) intersects with and alters the city. Drawing upon a range of urban disciplines and case studies, the chapters reveal the multitude of repercussions that AI is having on urban society, urban infrastructure, urban governance, urban planning and urban sustainability.Contributors also examine how the city, far from being a passive recipient of new technologies, is influencing and reframing AI through subtle processes of co-constitution. The book advances three main contributions and arguments:First, it provides empirical evidence of the emergence of a post-smart trajectory for cities in which new material and decision-making capabilities are being assembled through multiple AIs.Second, it stresses the importance of understanding the mutually constitutive relations between the new experiences enabled by AI technology and the urban context.Third, it engages with the concepts required to clarify the opaque relations that exist between AI and the city, as well as how to make sense of these relations from a theoretical perspective.Artificial Intelligence and the City offers a state-of-the-art analysis and review of AI urbanism, from its roots to its global emergence. It cuts across several disciplines and will be a useful resource for undergraduates and postgraduates in the fields of urban studies, urban planning, geography, architecture, urban design, science and technology studies, sociology and politics.
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| 5. |
- Brand, Ralf, et al.
(author)
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The ecosystem of expertise : complementary knowledges for sustainable development
- 2007
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In: Sustainability. - 1548-7733. ; 3:1, s. 21-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article critically examines the approach of technical experts, including engineers, natural scientists, architects, planners, and other practitioners, who are attempting to create more sustainable forms of economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. The authors identify four principal characteristics of expertise–ontological assumptions, epistemological approaches, power inequalities, and practical issues–and employ this framework to test the capability of traditional experts to deliver sustainable development. The authors then provide four alternatives to conventional forms of expertise: the outreach expert who communicates effectively to non-experts, the interdisciplinary expert who understands the overlaps of neighboring technical disciplines, the meta-expert who brokers the multiple claims of relevance between different forms of expertise, and the civic expert who engages in democratic discourse with non-experts and experts alike. All of these alternative forms are needed to manage the often-competing demands of sustainable development projects and they can be described collectively as an “ecosystem of expertise.”
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| 6. |
- Burton, Kerry, et al.
(author)
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Smart goes green : digitalising environmental agendas in Bristol and Manchester
- 2019
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In: Inside Smart Cities. - London : Routledge. ; , s. 117-132
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bristol and Manchester are at the forefront of the UK smart urbanization agenda, serving as ‘lighthouse’ cities to realise ambitions for city-scale low carbon economies. This chapter uses a comparative approach to the two cities to reveal the similarities in approach as well as the local factors (notably infrastructure and cultural politics) that influence the distinct environmental mobilisations of smart. Bristol has a long history of green innovation and has ambitions to build upon its 2015 designation as European Green Capital to become a leading international ‘smart-green city’. Bristol’s idealised smart-green city is human-centred and able to realise low carbon growth that is equitable for all. Conversely, the Greater Manchester storyline on smart is strongly focused on economic development with environmental protection as a by-product of business innovation. The campuses of two Manchester universities play a central role as testbeds to catalyse a twenty-first century knowledge economy that builds upon the existing economic cornerstones of the city. The Manchester activities have little focus on social equity and inclusion and instead focus on business opportunity as the prime motivation for smart-green urbanisation. The smart-green performances in each city embody particular logics and practices that are at once global in their perspective while simultaneously local in their composition and framing. Bristol and Manchester reveal distinctive pathways of smart urban innovation that are neither top-down nor bottom-up but instead combine principles of IT development with decarbonisation to enhance and extend the existing urban development trajectories of each city.
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| 7. |
- Carter, Jeremy Graham, et al.
(author)
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Towards Catchment Scale Natural Flood Management : Developing Evidence, Funding and Governance Approaches
-
In: Environmental Policy and Governance. - 1756-932X. ; , s. 1-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural flood management is emerging as a viable way to leverage ecological services to manage flooding. Stakeholders are progressively positioning natural flood management at the scale of river catchments to encourage a move beyond localised and opportunistic actions towards more strategic and cost-effective flood risk management responses. This reflects a broader turn towards nature-based solutions, acknowledgement of the climate change adaptation imperative, and recognition that natural flood management can achieve multiple socio-economic and biophysical co-benefits. A particular set of issues connected to the specific characteristics of natural flood management are influencing attempts to move towards the catchment scale. This paper identifies evidence, funding and governance as key to understanding the challenges facing natural flood management in this context, with these issues providing a focus for the identification of strategies to move towards catchment scale outcomes. A case study exploring the Irwell catchment in Northwest England provides empirical insights on these themes and identifies approaches that can support the transition towards catchment scale natural flood management. This paper calls for wider implementation of experimental approaches in this field focused on multi-faceted evaluation, blended financing and strategic intermediaries to help overcome overarching evidence, funding and governance challenges to making this transition.
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| 8. |
- Cauvain, Jenni, et al.
(author)
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Market-based low-carbon retrofit in social housing : Insights from Greater Manchester
- 2018
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In: Journal of Urban Affairs. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0735-2166 .- 1467-9906. ; 40:7, s. 937-951
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, social housing providers in the UK have become influential actors in realizing the national government’s decarborization agenda. However, when decarbonization is considered in light of austerity measures and the privatization of public housing, a number of contradictions arise. From interviews and a workshop with policymakers and registered providers in the city-region of Greater Manchester, three tensions are highlighted. First, since the 1980s, the housing stock condition has been used as a political pawn in successive reforms to demunicipalize social housing. Second, local authorities continue to harness the collectivities that remain in the social housing sector to realize their decarbonization goals. Third, the retrofit practices of social landlords are only superficially aiming for carbon control; instead, they focus on the social aims that are seen as important to the ethos and business model of the landlord. The article concludes that there are unavoidable conflicts between the interests of different actors whose low-carbon economy is conceived at different spatial scales and with different underlying objectives. As social landlords are foregrounded in subregional low-carbon policy, they are effectively co-opted into market-based retrofit, resulting in unintended consequences for the social housing sector.
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| 9. |
- Cauvain, Jenni, et al.
(author)
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Social housing providers as unlikely low-carbon innovators
- 2018
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In: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 177, s. 394-401
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social housing providers have recently emerged as unlikely innovators of low carbon transitions in the UK residential sector. They tend to have a significant amount of influence over large housing stocks, op- portunities to access funding to retrofit on a large scale, can make explicit connections between reduced carbon emissions and improved quality of life for low-income residents, and foster a close relationship with the place and communities they serve. In effect, social housing providers are ‘middle actors’ who not only facilitate but also realise low carbon transitions through various strategies. This paper uses em- pirical findings from interviews with social housing providers in Greater Manchester to understand the different ways that low carbon and energy efficiency innovation is being undertaken in this sector. The findings reveal that as middle actors, social landlords influence upstream to policy makers and regulators, downstream to individual households, and sideways to other actors in the social housing sector as well as to other building and energy professionals. The findings reveal opportunities for governments to sup- plement their existing policies with recognising and supporting middle actors to accelerate low carbon transitions of the built environment.
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| 10. |
- Cook, Matthew, et al.
(author)
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Urban planning and the knowledge politics of the smart city
- 2024
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In: Urban Studies. - 0042-0980. ; 61:2, s. 370-382
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smart cities promote computational and data-driven understandings of the built environment and have the potential to reconfigure urban planning and governance practices in profound ways. Smart urbanisation is often presented as a politically neutral and socially beneficial approach to achieve urban sustainability goals but the emphasis on data gathering and algorithmic analysis and decision-making has the tendency to restrict how urban stakeholders know and act upon cities. In this article, we apply Artistotle’s intellectual virtues of techne, episteme and phronesis to critique current practices of smart cities, data-driven urbanism and computational understandings of cities as they relate to urban planning theory and practice. We argue that the rise of smart cities represents a partial return to early- to mid-20th-century positivistic knowledge politics and the reassertion of technical experts as the drivers of urban change. However, we also highlight the recent emergence of citizen-centred smart cities as an opportunity to promote value rationality in urban planning activities. We conclude that there is a need for greater integration of techne, episteme and phronesis in the pursuit of smart cities to ensure that digitalisation does not foreclose on certain ways of knowing cities but instead, provides a foundation to support a progressive knowledge politics of urban development.
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| 11. |
- Cugurullo, Federico, et al.
(author)
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CONCLUSIONS : The present of urban AI and the future of cities
- 2023
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In: Artificial Intelligence and the City : Urbanistic Perspectives on Ai - Urbanistic Perspectives on Ai. - 9781032431475 - 9781003810391 ; , s. 361-389
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The era of urban artificial intelligences has begun. It is already difficult to imagine urban futures without artificial intelligence (AI). In this final chapter, we draw on the volume’s empirical findings to explore the repercussions of urban AI and give evidence of how the emergence of AI in cities is reshaping urban society, urban infrastructure, urban governance, urban planning and urban sustainability. Subsequently, we demonstrate how the city is influencing the evolution of AI, by moulding its physical manifestations in actually existing spaces and determining its very intelligence. The second half of the chapter is dedicated to unpacking similarities between this collection’s case studies of AI urbanism and well-known practices of smart urbanism. Here, we highlight connections with past and present smart-city initiatives, as well as points of departure that suggest the formation of a novel AI urbanism. We conclude the volume by discussing the implications of the emergence of urban AI for urban theory and the future of cities.
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| 12. |
- Cugurullo, Federico, et al.
(author)
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Introducing AI Into Urban Studies
- 2023
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In: Artificial Intelligence and the City : Urbanistic Perspectives on Ai - Urbanistic Perspectives on Ai. - 9781003810391 - 9781032431475 ; , s. 1-20
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innovation in artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming cities in unprecedented ways. In this chapter, we unpack the connections between AI and the urban by introducing the concept of urban AI and reflecting on its most prominent incarnations: autonomous vehicles, urban robots, city brains and urban software agents. We then illustrate how the emergence of urban AI is producing a new urbanism that we term AI urbanism. AI urbanism originates from smart urbanism but also departs from it along three main axes, namely function, presence and agency. We discuss the similarities and differences underpinning AI and smart urbanism, highlight the problematic implications of human-machine interactions in the making and governance of cities and, finally, call on urbanists and urban stakeholders to scrutinize the critical intersections between urban development and the development of artificial intelligences.
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| 13. |
- Cugurullo, Federico, et al.
(author)
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The rise of AI urbanism in post-smart cities : A critical commentary on urban artificial intelligence
-
In: Urban Studies. - 0042-0980. ; , s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as an impactful feature of the life, planning and governance of 21st-century cities. Once confined to the realm of science fiction and small-scale technological experiments, AI is now all around us, in the shape of urban artificial intelligences including autonomous cars, robots, city brains and urban software agents. The aim of this article is to critically examine the nature of urbanism in the emergent age of AI. More specifically, we shed light on how urban AI is impacting the development of cities, and argue that an urbanism influenced by AI, which we term AI urbanism, differs in theory and practice from smart urbanism. In the future, the rise of a post-smart urbanism driven by AI has the potential to form autonomous cities that transcend, theoretically and empirically, traditional smart cities. The article compares common practices and understandings of smart urbanism with emerging forms of urban living, urban governance and urban planning influenced by AI. It critically discusses the limitations and potential pitfalls of AI urbanism and offers conceptual tools and a vocabulary to understand the urbanity of AI and its impact on present and future cities.
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| 14. |
- Eneqvist, Erica, 1982-
(author)
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Experimental Governance : Capacity and legitimacy in local governments
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Contemporary planning and governance of cities involves practices of experiments and trials in urban experiments, collaborative platforms, and urban development projects with high ambitions for sustainability and innovative solutions. These practices of experimental governance can be seen as new policy instruments that include actors from all sectors of society in collective problem-solving. The introduction of experimental governance establishes a new logic of public administration that results in multiple opportunities and challenges. Previous research has emphasised the importance of organisational development beyond a focus on single experimental projects and institutional designs to support experimentation. This thesis aims to examine the municipalities’ organisational capacity for experimental governance and the opportunities to ensure legitimacy.The thesis involves a case study of the City of Stockholm and its innovative practices in general and experimental governance practices in particular. The focus is on the municipal organisation and how it has developed over the past decade, rather than single experiments, collaborations, and projects. Using a qualitative research approach, empirical data was collected by shadowing City of Stockholm staff members, while also conducting semi-structured interviews, participatory observations, and document studies. The thesis comprises four research articles: three using the City of Stockholm as an empirical case of a municipality engaged in experimental governance, and one that develops theoretical insights using examples from Stockholm. The first article provides a discussion of municipal innovation approaches and their influence of institutional logics. The second article is about municipal functions related to experiments, and how these functions challenge the local government. The third article examines the work of experiments and partnerships in policy and practice from a legitimacy perspective. The fourth article explores the institutional capacity for translating innovation actions from high-profile urban development projects into regular processes of the municipality.The results provide new knowledge about public actors and urban experimentation, while also providing practical insights that are relevant to stakeholders who engage in urban experiments. Specifically, the thesis reveals the challenges that municipalities face in embracing experiments while also ensuring and developing procedures for legitimacy. It also highlights the tensions of introducing new logics and roles for public authorities in a changing governance environment. The findings point towards the need for a more nuanced understanding of practices of experimental governance, and the development of permanent organisational structures and cultures to support and steer these practices. There is also a need for organisational procedures to ensure legitimacy, related to both input in terms of transparency, accountability and equality, and output in terms of results and effectiveness, with a capacity to implement the results. By meeting these needs, municipalities can harness the opportunities of experimental governance to serve the public good.
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| 15. |
- Eneqvist, Erica, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Governance and Urban Planning Futures : Five Strategic Functions for Municipalities in Local Innovation
- 2021
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In: Urban Planning. - : Cogitatio. - 2183-7635. ; 6:1, s. 183-194
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experimental governance is increasingly being implemented in cities around the world through laboratories, testbeds, platforms, and innovation districts to address a wide range of complex sustainability challenges. Experiments often involve public-private partnerships and triple helix collaborations with the municipality as a key stakeholder. This stretches the responsibilities of local authorities beyond conventional practices of policymaking and regulation to engage in more applied, collaborative, and recursive forms of planning. In this article, we examine how local authorities are involved in experimental governance and how this is influencing their approach to urban development. We are specifically interested in the multiple strategic functions that municipalities play in experimental governance and the broader implications to existing urban planning practices and norms. We begin the article by developing an analytic framework of the most common strategic functions of municipalities in experimental governance and then apply this framework to Stockholm, a city that has embraced experimental governance as a means to realise its sustainability ambitions. Our findings reveal how the strategic functions of visioning, facilitating, supporting, amplifying, and guarding are producing new opportunities and challenges to urban planning practices in twenty-first century cities.
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| 16. |
- Eneqvist, Erica, et al.
(author)
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Legitimacy in municipal experimental governance: questioning the public good in urban innovation practices
- 2022
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In: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 30:8, s. 1596-1614
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban experiments, living labs and testbeds have emerged as influential approaches to governing cities around the world. Experimental governance allows stakeholders to trial possible futures and to embrace creativity and innovation in the pursuit of sustainability goals. Experiments are often conducted through triple helix partnerships that favour informal and distributed actions. This is a significant departure from traditional urban development processes that are informed by well-defined processes executed by public authorities to ensure the public good and are legitimated by citizens. In this paper, we investigate this tension between experimental governance and public sector legitimacy by focusing on experimental practices in two Swedish municipalities, Stockholm and Gothenburg. We gathered data through a desk-based study, participant observations and semi-structured interviews with municipal actors to investigate the input, throughput and output legitimacy of municipalities in experimental governance. The findings indicate that municipalities emphasise actions and results from experiments, while de-emphasising reflection and attention to democratic procedures and protection of the public good. The focus on legitimacy reveals the fragmented and instrumental practices of experimental governance and a deficit in organizational capacity with potential detrimental impacts on legitimacy.
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| 17. |
- Eneqvist, Erica, et al.
(author)
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Projekt och testbäddar: två alternativa vägar för hållbar stadsutveckling
- 2019
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In: INNOVATIONOCHSTADSUTVECKLING : En forskningsantologiom organiseringsutmaningarför stad och kommun. - 9789189049086 ; , s. 77-88
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Malmö har sedan 1990-talet genomgått en stor förändring, från att i ett globalt perspektiv ha varit en relativt okänd stad i södra Sverige, till att numeravara en förebild för hållbar stadsutveckling. Varvsindustrins kollaps i mittenav 1980-talet katalyserade gemensamma krafter och en vilja att transformera staden och ekonomin i en postindustriell riktning. En rad faktorer drevpå den snabba omvandlingen av staden, men två stadsutvecklingsinitiativkan sägas stå i centrum för utvecklingen. Västra Hamnen, den högprofilerade ombyggnationen av tidigare industrimark till en stadsdel med genomgående hållbarhetsprofil som initierades i samband med Bomässan 2001och som fortfarande vidareutvecklas med flera etapper, och EkostadenAugustenborg, en stadsdelsomvandling av ett befintligt bostadsområde från1940-talet som påbörjades i slutet av 1990-talet och som fortsätter än idag.De båda initiativen representerar två olika tillvägagångssätt, som leder tillolika konsekvenser och möjligheter.Syftet med detta kapitel är att jämföra och kontrastera Västra Hamnenoch Ekostaden Augustenborg som alternativa vägar till innovativ hållbarstadsutveckling. Vi presenterar två olika sätt att stadsutveckla, som kan sessom idealtyper, projekt respektive testbädd. Vi använder därefter dessa tvåidealtyper och exemplifierar med hjälp av Västra Hamnen och Augustenborg och diskuterar för- och nackdelar med de olika tillvägagångssätten.Kapitlet bygger på data som samlats in genom platsbesök i de båda områdena, intervjuer med kommunföreträdare och konsulter som varit involverade i de två stadsutvecklingsprojekten samt dokumentstudier.
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| 18. |
- Evans, James, et al.
(author)
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'Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Lower Your Carbon Footprint!' : Urban Laboratories and the Governance of Low-Carbon Futures
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-1317 .- 1468-2427. ; 38:2, s. 413-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing threat of climate change has created a pressing need for cities to lower their carbon footprints. Urban laboratories are emerging in numerous cities around the world as a strategy for local governments to partner with public and private property owners to reduce carbon emissions, while simultaneously stimulating economic growth. In this article, we use insights from laboratory studies to analyse the notion of urban laboratories as they relate to experimental governance, the carbonization agenda and the transition to low-carbon economies. We present a case study of the Oxford Road corridor in Manchester in the UK that is emerging as a low-carbon urban laboratory, with important policy implications for the city's future. The corridor is a bounded space where a public-private partnership comprised of the City Council, two universities and other large property owners is redeveloping the physical infrastructure and installing monitoring equipment to create a recursive feedback loop intended to facilitate adaptive learning. This low-carbon urban laboratory represents a classic sustainable development formula for coupling environmental protection with economic growth, using innovation and partnership as principal drivers. However, it also has significant implications in reworking the interplay of knowledge production and local governance, while reinforcing spatial differentiation and uneven participation in urban development.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Evans, James, et al.
(author)
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Smart and Sustainable Cities? : Pipedreams, Practicalities and Possibilities
- 2021. - 1
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smart cities promise to generate economic, social and environmental value through the seamless connection of urban services and infrastructure by digital technologies. However, there is scant evidence of how these activities can enhance social well-being and contribute to just and equitable communities. Smart and Sustainable Cities? Pipedreams, Practicalities and Possibilities provides one of the first examinations of how smart cities relate to environmental and social issues. It addresses the gap between the ambitious visions of smart cities and the actual practices on the ground by focusing on the social and environmental dimensions of real smart city initiatives as well as the possibilities that they hold for creating more equitable and progressive cities. Through detailed analyses of case studies in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, India, and China, the contributors describe the various ways that social and environmental issues are interpreted and integrated into smart city initiatives and actions. The findings point towards the need for more intentional engagement and collaboration with all urban stakeholders in the design, development and maintenance of smart cities to ensure that everyone benefits from the increasingly digitalised urban environments of the twenty-first century.
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| 22. |
- Evans, James, et al.
(author)
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Smart and sustainable cities? : pipedreams, practicalities and possibilities
- 2019
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In: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 24:7, s. 557-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smart cities promise to generate economic, social and environmental value through the seamless connection of urban services and infrastructure by digital technologies (Hollands 2008, Viitanen and Kingston 2014), but there is scant evidence concerning their ability to enhance social well-being, build just and equitable communities, reduce resource consumption and waste generation, improve environmental quality or lower carbon emissions (Cavada et al. 2015). This special issue addresses the gap between the pipedream and the practice of smart cities, focusing on the social and environmental dimensions of real smart city initiatives, and the possibilities that they hold for creating more equitable and progressive cities. We argue that social equity and environmental sustainability are neither a-priori absent nor de-facto present in technological designs of smart city initiatives, but have to be made, nurtured and maintained as they materialise in particular places. This is the ‘possibility’ alluded to in our title, and where the focus of the Special Issue on the gap between the pipedreams and practicalities of smart cities leads. In this introduction we unpack this argument in greater detail and situate our six contributions within it.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Grandclement, Catherine, et al.
(author)
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Negotiating comfort in low energy housing : The politics of intermediation
- 2015
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 84, s. 213-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimising the energy performance of buildings is technically and economically challenging but it also has significant social implications. Maintaining comfortable indoor conditions while reducing energy consumption involves careful design, construction, and management of the built environment and its inhabitants. In this paper, we present findings from the study of a new low energy building for older people in Grenoble, France where conflicts emerged over the simultaneous pursuit of energy efficiency and comfort. The findings contribute to the contemporary literature on the sociotechnical study of buildings and energy use by focusing on intermediation, those activities that associate a technology to end users. Intermediation activities take many forms, and in some cases, can result in the harmonisation or alignment of energy efficiency goals and comfort goals. In other cases, intermediation is unsuccessful, leading to the conventional dichotomy between optimising technical performance and meeting occupant preferences. By highlighting the multiple ways that comfort and energy efficiency is negotiated, we conclude that buildings are provisional achievements that are constantly being intermediated. This suggests that building energy efficiency policies and programmes need to provide opportunities for intermediaries to negotiate the desires and preferences of the multiple stakeholders that are implicated in low energy buildings.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
-
Inside Smart Cities : Place, Politics and Urban Innovation
- 2018
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The era of the smart city has arrived. Only a decade ago, the promise of optimising urban services through the widespread application of information and communication technologies was largely a techno-utopian fantasy. Today, smart urbanisation is occurring via urban projects, policies and visions in hundreds of cities around the globe. This book provides real world evidence on how local authorities, small and medium enterprises, corporations, utility providers and civil society groups are creating smart cities at the neighbourhood, city and regional scales. Twenty-one empirically detailed case studies from the Global North and South, ranging from Cape Town, Stockholm, and Abu Dhabi to Philadelphia, Hong Kong, and Santiago, illustrate the multiple and diverse incarnations of smart urbanism. The contributors draw on ideas from urban studies, geography, urban planning, science & technology studies and innovation studies to go beyond the rhetoric of technological innovation and reveal the political, social and physical implications of digitising the built environment. Collectively, the practices of smart urbanism raise fundamental questions about the sustainability, liveability and resilience of the cities in the future. The findings are relevant to academics, students, practitioners and urban stakeholders who are questioning how urban innovation relates to politics and place.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Karvonen, Andrew
(author)
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Book Review - The City
- 2020
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In: LSE Review of Books.
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Review (other academic/artistic)
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Karvonen, Andrew
(author)
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Cation effects on chromium removal in permeable reactive walls
- 2004
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In: Journal of environmental engineering. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9372 .- 1943-7870. ; 130:8, s. 863-866
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Permeable reactive walls have proven to be successful in laboratory and pilot-scale field applications. However, the long-term efficacy of reactive permeable walls has not been established due to the novelty of the technology. Also, the impact of common groundwater ions such as calcium and magnesium (i.e., hardness) on permeable reactive walls is unknown. In theory, the ions may react competitively with chromium in solution and/or other materials on the surface of the zero-valent iron. The ions may also form precipitates that could clog the reactive zone over time, resulting in decreased contaminant removal and a shorter wall lifetime. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of common groundwater ions on permeable reactive walls. A range of calcium and magnesium concentrations was tested in laboratory columns to determine the effect of these ions on removal of a constant chromium concentration (100 mg/L). Results from the laboratory tests indicated that calcium and magnesium had a significant impact on chromium removal. The most dramatic effects were witnessed at hardness levels up to 140 mg/L as CaCO3 where zero-valent iron capacity was reduced by 45%.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Karvonen, Andrew, et al.
(author)
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Conclusions : the long and unsettled future of smart cities
- 2018
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In: Inside Smart Cities. - London : Routledge. ; , s. 291-298
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The contributions to this volume situate the processes of smart urbanisation in particular material, social and political contexts, ranging from Seoul, Dublin and Philadelphia to Cape Town, Abu Dhabi and Bristol. Collectively, they reveal that the digitisation of cities is unavoidably bound up in the governance of cities, existing material and social conditions, and messy processes of translating ambitious theoretical visions into real world applications. For future research on the ‘actually existing smart city’, we can benefit from historical insights on sociotechnical urban dramas from the past. We should also be attentive to scalar issues to understand the macro dynamics of smart and how ideas travel to other places as well as the micro dynamics of how smart influences the individual. Finally, there is a need to proactively develop alternative visions and pathways of smart that can support emancipatory and progressive modes of urban development. The future of smart cities is long and unsettled but it will have profound influence on urban life in the coming decades.
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