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- Saeed, Ayesha, et al.
(author)
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Robustness-Driven Hybrid Descriptor for Noise-Deterrent Texture Classification
- 2019
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In: IEEE Access. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 110116-110127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A robustness-driven hybrid descriptor (RDHD) for noise-deterrent texture classification is presented in this paper. This paper offers the ability to categorize a variety of textures under challenging image acquisition conditions. An image is initially resolved into its low-frequency components by applying wavelet decomposition. The resulting low-frequency components are further processed for feature extraction using completed joint-scale local binary patterns (CJLBP). Moreover, a second feature set is obtained by computing the low order derivatives of the original sample. The evaluated feature sets are integrated to get a final feature vector representation. The texture-discriminating performance of the hybrid descriptor is analyzed using renowned datasets: Outex original, Outex extended, and KTH-TIPS. The experimental results demonstrate a stable and robust performance of the descriptor under a variety of noisy conditions. An accuracy of 95.86%, 32.52%, and 88.74% at noise variance of 0.025 is achieved for the given datasets, respectively. A comparison between performance parameters of the proposed paper with its parent descriptors and recently published paper is also presented.
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| 3. |
- Tariq, Nimra, et al.
(author)
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Orientation Independent Chipless RFID Tag Using Novel Trefoil Resonators
- 2019
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In: IEEE Access. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 122398-122407
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, a compact and fully passive bit encoding circuit, capable of operating as a chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. The structure consists of novel concentric trefoil-shaped slot resonators realized using Rogers RT/duroid (R) 5880 laminate, occupying a physical footprint of 13.55 x 13.55 mm(2). Each resonating element is associated with a particular data bit, having a 1:1 resonator-to-bit correspondence. Bit sequences are configured through introducing modifications in the geometric structure either by addition or exclusion of each nested slot resonator. Such changes manifest directly in the electromagnetic signature of the tag as presence or absence of corresponding resonant peaks. The proposed 10-bit tag offers minimized inter-resonator mutual coupling and insensitivity to changes in polarization and incident angles thereby demonstrating orientation independent functionality. Moreover, error-free encoding is achieved through stabilizing the shift in resonant frequencies for a variety of different geometric configurations and orientation of the structure. The tag operates within the license-free ultrawideband ranging from 5.4 to 10.4 GHz, providing spectral bit capacity and bit density of 2 bits/GHz and 5.44 bits/cm(2) respectively.
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| 4. |
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Texture Representation Through Overlapped Multi-Oriented Tri-Scale Local Binary Pattern
- 2019
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In: IEEE Access. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 66668-66679
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper ideates a novel texture descriptor that retains its classification accuracy under varying conditions of image orientation, scale, and illumination. The proposed Overlapped Multi-oriented Tri-scale Local Binary Pattern (OMTLBP) texture descriptor also remains insensitive to additive white Gaussian noise. The wavelet decomposition stage of the OMTLBP provides robustness to photometric variations, while the two subsequent stages - overlapped multi-oriented fusion and multi-scale fusion - provide resilience against geometric transformations within an image. Isolated encoding of constituent pixels along each scale in the joint histogram enables the proposed descriptor to capture both micro and macro structures within the texture. Performance of the OMTLBP is evaluated by classifying a variety of textured images belonging to Outex, KTH-TIPS, Brodatz, CUReT, and UIUC datasets. The experimental results validate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of classification accuracy when compared with the state-of-the-art texture descriptors for noisy images.
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| 5. |
- Basit, Abdul, et al.
(author)
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Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study is aimed to analyze the determinants of the effectiveness of SOPs in mass gatherings for containing COVID-19. The overall design of the study involves a literature review, data collection by field survey, structural modeling, and analysis. The study is built on the experts' opinion of a focus group (representing people who recently participated in and are responsible for mass gatherings). The study uses the discussion of the literature review to identify the determinants, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) for developing and analyzing a structural model, and Matrice d'Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquée a un Classement (MICMAC) for corroboration of results of the ISM/classification of determinants. From the literature review, a list of determinants is generated and verified by a panel of experts. The results of the ISM revealed that the determinants “legal environment of the country,” “practicability of SOPs,” “perceived benefit of adapting SOPs,” and “possibilities of avoiding gathering” occupied the top of the model, therefore, they are less critical determinants, whereas “nature of gathering” occupied the bottom of the model, and is thus the most critical determinant. The remaining determinants form the middle of the model, and are therefore moderately severe. The results of MICMAC show that the determinant “perceived benefit of adapting SOPs” is dependent, “nature of gathering” is independent, and all others are linked. The results of MICMAC implicitly substantiate the findings of the ISM. The overall results of the study show that “nature of gathering” is the key determinant. This research does not require a priori theory since it is a theory-building study that uses an inductive approach. It is based on real data and it is useful for local authorities, organizers, participants (attendees/visitors) of mass gatherings, health officials/regulators, researchers, and the community at large. This study has fundamental importance for planning and preparing for such events while ensuring the minimum risk of COVID-19 transmission.
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| 6. |
- Khan, Shaukat, et al.
(author)
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Evolution of density-modulated electron beams in drift sections
- 2024
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In: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9888. ; 27:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Initiating the amplification process in a short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) by external seed laser pulses results in radiation with a high degree of longitudinal and transverse coherence. The basic layout in seeded harmonic generation involves a periodic electron energy modulation by laser-electron interaction in a short undulator (the "modulator"), which is converted into a density modulation in a dispersive section immediately followed by a long FEL undulator (the "radiator") tuned to a harmonic of the seed laser wavelength. With the advent of more complex seeding schemes, density-modulated beams may need to be transported in drift sections before entering the radiator. Long FEL undulators may also contain several drift spaces to accommodate focusing elements and diagnostics. Therefore, it is of general interest to study the evolution of density-modulated electron beams in drift sections under the influence of repulsive Coulomb forces. At FERMI, a seeded FEL user facility in Trieste, Italy, systematic studies of the impact of varying drift length on coherent harmonic emission were undertaken. In order to make the underlying physics transparent, the emphasis of this paper is on reproducing the experimental findings with analytical estimates and a simple one-dimensional numerical model. Furthermore, the Coulomb forces in a drift section may be employed to enhance the laser-induced energy modulation and yield an improved density modulation before entering the FEL radiator.
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| 7. |
- Shaukat, Muhammad Zeeshan, et al.
(author)
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Analyzing the Stressors for Frontline Soldiers Fighting Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to analyze stressors to which medical staff is vulnerable due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It also imposes a hierarchy on complex relations among stressors for excavating underlying structure and builds a model of interrelationships contrasting reality. The design of this study comprises a literature survey, data collection from primary sources, and analysis. Stressors have been explored from within current published/unpublished literature and validated by experts through approval vote. Data were collected from the focus group (panel of experts), and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used as the research methodology. Findings of ISM are avowed through “cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification” (MICMAC) analysis. As a result of the literature survey, a list of stressors was generated, and a total of 19 stressors qualified as representative of the phenomenon. The results of ISM show that two stressors (i.e., “unavailability of proper personal protective equipment (PPE)” and “lack of proper communication”) emerged as the most critical stressors since they occupy the bottom of the model, whereas, four stressors (i.e., “anxious about isolation/quarantine,” “subject to violent crimes,” “feeling frustrated and powerless,” and “exhausting shifts/hours without clear end”) are relatively less critical since they occupy the top of the model. The rest of the stressors occupy the middle of the model and therefore, have moderate-severe effects on frontline soldiers. The results of MICMAC show that the stressor “subject to violent crimes” is classified in the dependent cluster and the remaining fall in the linkage cluster but no stressor falls in independent and autonomous. Overall results indicate that all stressors are relevant to the phenomenon under this study, but they are currently not settled. This study is invaluable for policymakers, frontline soldiers, researchers, the international community, and society since it provides a lot of new information that is helpful in refining strategies and combating influential stressors.
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| 8. |
- Ziemann, Volker, et al.
(author)
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Status of the Optical Replica Synthesizer at FLASH
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 22nd Particle accelerator conference.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A novel laser-based method to measure the longitudinal profile of ultrashort electron bunches, known as the Optical Replica Synthesizer (ORS) is currently implemented at the free-electron laser FLASH at DESY. The paper descibes its technical layout and the status of the project.
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