| 1. |
- Strandberg, G., et al.
(author)
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Regional climate model simulations for Europe at 6 k and 0.2 k yr BP: sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation.
- 2013
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In: Climate of the Past Discussions. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9340 .- 1814-9359. ; 9:5, s. 5785-5836
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate the direct effects of anthropogenic deforestation on simulated climate at two contrasting periods in the Holocene, ~6 k BP and ~0.2 k BP in Europe. We apply RCA3, a regional climate model with 50 km spatial resolution, for both time periods, considering three alternative descriptions of the past vegetation: (i) potential natural vegetation (V) simulated by the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS, (ii) potential vegetation with anthropogenic land cover (deforestation) as simulated by the HYDE model (V + H), and (iii) potential vegetation with anthropogenic land cover as simulated by the KK model (V + K). The KK model estimates are closer to a set of pollen-based reconstructions of vegetation cover than the HYDE model estimates. The climate-model results show that the simulated effects of deforestation depend on both local/regional climate and vegetation characteristics. At ~6 k BP the extent of simulated deforestation in Europe is generally small, but there are areas where deforestation is large enough to produce significant differences in summer temperatures of 0.5–1 °C. At ~0.2 k BP, simulated deforestation is much more extensive than previously assumed, in particular according to the KK model. This leads to significant temperature differences in large parts of Europe in both winter and summer. In winter, deforestation leads to lower temperatures because of the differences in albedo between forested and unforested areas, particularly in the snow-covered regions. In summer, deforestation leads to higher temperatures in central and eastern Europe since evapotranspiration from unforested areas is lower than from forests. Summer evaporation is already limited in the southernmost parts of Europe under potential vegetation conditions and, therefore, cannot become much lower. Accordingly, the albedo effect dominates also in summer, which implies that deforestation causes a decrease in temperatures. Differences in summer temperature due to deforestation range from −1 °C in south-western Europe to +1 °C in eastern Europe. The choice of anthropogenic land cover estimate has a significant influence on the simulated climate, but uncertainties in palaeoclimate proxy data for the two time periods do not allow for a thorough comparison with climate model results.
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| 2. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks
- 2010
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In: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 6, s. 483-499
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cover from pollen data, (3) to present a new project (LANDCLIM: LAND cover – CLIMate interactions in NW Europe during the Holocene) currently underway, and show preliminary results of REVEALS reconstructions of the regional land-cover in the Czech Republic for five selected time windows of the Holocene, and (4) to discuss the implications and future directions in climate and vegetation/land-cover modeling, and in the assessment of the effects of human-induced changes in land-cover on the regional climate through altered feedbacks. The existing ALCC scenarios show large discrepancies between them, and few cover time periods older than AD 800. When these scenarios are used to assess the impact of human land-use on climate, contrasting results are obtained. It emphasizes the need for methods such as the REVEALS model-based land-cover reconstructions. They might help to fine-tune descriptions of past land-cover and lead to a better understanding of how long-term changes in ALCC might have influenced climate. The REVEALS model is demonstrated to provide better estimates of the regional vegetation/landcover changes than the traditional use of pollen percentages. This will achieve a robust assessment of land cover at regional- to continental-spatial scale throughout the Holocene. We present maps of REVEALS estimates for the percentage cover of 10 plant functional types (PFTs) at 200 BP and 6000 BP, and of the two open-land PFTs “grassland” and “agricultural land” at five time-windows from 6000 BP to recent time. The LANDCLIM results are expected to provide crucial data to reassess ALCC estimates for a better understanding of the land suface-atmosphere interactions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Graham, Ph., et al.
(author)
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Chapter 3: Projections of future climate change
- 2008
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In: The BALTEX Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea basin. - Berlin, Germany : Springer. ; , s. 133-220
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nygren, Å., et al.
(author)
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Residential multimodal job focused rehabilitation for teachers increases return to work
- 2019
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In: Läkartidningen. - : NLM (Medline). - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 116
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stress induced exhaustion disorder is the disease that caused most sickleavedays in Sweden during the last 10 years. Teachers have the highest percentage of sick leave, and is the group where the number on sick leave increases most. No previous studies have achieved a statistically significant increased return to work after any specific treatment for exhaustion disorder. The current multimodal occupational specific treatment for exhaustion disorder among teachers showed statistically significant return to work at follow-up 1-1.5 years after treatment. The treatment focus was reflective peer support group sessions which ended with a recommended an individualised course of action to deal with job stressors for each participant. The treatment model works well for teachers. Continued research is needed to test other occupational groups.
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| 8. |
- Rathnayake, N, et al.
(author)
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Saliva and plasma levels of cardiac-related biomarkers in post-myocardial infarction patients.
- 2017
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In: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Blackwell. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 44:7, s. 692-699
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To relate cardiac biomarkers, such as cystatin C and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in saliva to myocardial infarction (MI) and to periodontal status, and to investigate the relation between salivary and plasma cardiac biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients with MI admitted to coronary care units and 200 matched controls without MI were included. Dental examination and collection of blood and saliva samples was performed 6–10 weeks after the MI for patients and in close proximity thereafter for controls. Analysing methods: ARCHITECT i4000SR, Immulite 2000 XPi or ELISA. Results: The mean age was 62 ± 8 years and 84% were male. Total probing pocket depth, fibrinogen, white blood cell counts and HbA1c were higher in patients than controls. GDF-15 levels correlated with most of the included clinical variables in both study groups. No correlation was found between plasma and saliva levels of cystatin C or GDF-15. Conclusion: Salivary cystatin C and GDF-15 could not differentiate between MI patients and controls.
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| 9. |
- Rathnayake, N, et al.
(author)
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Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -9 and Myeloperoxidase in Relation to Coronary Heart and Periodontal Diseases: A Subgroup Report from the PAROKRANK Study (Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease).
- 2015
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8, -9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are inflammatory mediators. The potential associations between MMP-8, -9, MPO and their abilities to reflect cardiovascular risk remains to be evaluated in saliva. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels and associations of salivary MMP-8, -9, MPO and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in myocardial infarction (MI) patients and controls with or without periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 200 patients with a first MI admitted to coronary care units in Sweden from May 2010 to December 2011 and 200 controls matched for age, gender, residential area and without previous MI were included. Dental examination and saliva sample collection was performed 6-10 weeks after the MI in patients and at baseline in controls. The biomarkers MMP -8, -9, MPO and TIMP-1 were analyzed by time-resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA), Western blot and Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: After compensation for gingivitis, gingival pockets and smoking, the mean salivary levels of MMP-8 (543 vs 440 ng/mL, p = 0.003) and MPO (1899 vs 1637 ng/mL, p = 0.02) were higher in non-MI subjects compared to MI patients. MMP-8, -9 and MPO correlated positively with clinical signs of gingival/periodontal inflammation while TIMP-1 correlated mainly negatively with these signs. The levels of latent and active forms of MMP-8 did not differ between the MI and non-MI groups. Additionally, MMP-8, MPO levels and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly higher in men compared to women with MI. Conclusions: This study shows that salivary levels of the analyzed biomarkers are associated with periodontal status. However, these biomarkers could not differentiate between patients with or without a MI. These findings illustrate the importance to consider the influence of oral conditions when analyzing levels of inflammatory salivary biomarkers.
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| 10. |
- Strandberg, Gustav, et al.
(author)
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Regional climate model simulations for Europe at 6 and 0.2 k BP : sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation
- 2014
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In: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 10:2, s. 661-680
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate the direct effects of anthropogenic deforestation on simulated climate at two contrasting periods in the Holocene, similar to 6 and similar to 0.2 k BP in Europe. We apply We apply the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3, a regional climate model with 50 km spatial resolution, for both time periods, considering three alternative descriptions of the past vegetation: (i) potential natural vegetation (V) simulated by the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS, (ii) potential vegetation with anthropogenic land use (deforestation) from the HYDE3.1 (History Database of the Global Environment) scenario (V + H3.1), and (iii) potential vegetation with anthropogenic land use from the KK10 scenario (V + KK10). The climate model results show that the simulated effects of deforestation depend on both local/regional climate and vegetation characteristics. At similar to 6 k BP the extent of simulated deforestation in Europe is generally small, but there are areas where deforestation is large enough to produce significant differences in summer temperatures of 0.5-1 degrees C. At similar to 0.2 k BP, extensive deforestation, particularly according to the KK10 model, leads to significant temperature differences in large parts of Europe in both winter and summer. In winter, deforestation leads to lower temperatures because of the differences in albedo between forested and unforested areas, particularly in the snow-covered regions. In summer, deforestation leads to higher temperatures in central and eastern Europe because evapotranspiration from unforested areas is lower than from forests. Summer evaporation is already limited in the southernmost parts of Europe under potential vegetation conditions and, therefore, cannot become much lower. Accordingly, the albedo effect dominates in southern Europe also in summer, which implies that deforestation causes a decrease in temperatures. Differences in summer temperature due to deforestation range from -1 degrees C in south-western Europe to +1 degrees C in eastern Europe. The choice of anthropogenic land-cover scenario has a significant influence on the simulated climate, but uncertainties in palaeoclimate proxy data for the two time periods do not allow for a definitive discrimination among climate model results.
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| 11. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(author)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- B. Kjellström, Kristian
(author)
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Lärares digitala textkompetenser
- 2023
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Digitalisering och ständigt pågående teknologiska framsteg fortsätter att förändra både de möjligheter och krav som ställs på våra kommunikativa kompetenser. Detta påverkar vilka kunskaper och färdigheter barn och elever behöver utveckla idag för att kunna vara aktiva samhällsmedborgare i morgon. Utvecklingen skapar således också krav på lärares digitala textkompetenser (Sofkova Hashemi et al., 2020) eftersom det är lärarna som ska utveckla dessa förmågor hos alla skolans elever. Det faller också på lärarna att nyttja teknologins möjligheter för individanpassningar i klassrummet i den fortsatta utvecklingen av det inkluderande klassrummet. Utifrån detta är syftet med studien att undersöka och beskriva hur grundskolelärares digitala textkompetenser skapar möjligheter för differentierad undervisning utifrån tidigare forskning och grundskolelärares egna uppfattningar. Då lärares digitala textkompetenser ställer krav på både en digital textanvändning och tekniska kompetenser baseras studien teoretiskt i New Literacy Studies (Barton, 1994) och digital literacy (Lanskhear & Knobel, 2008). För att förstå hur dessa kompetenser bidrar till det inkluderande klassrummet används begreppen språklig och pedagogisk sårbarhet (Bruce et al., 2016). Undersökningen kommer inledningsvis genomföras genom en systematisk forskningsöversikt. De preliminära resultaten därifrån leder därefter vidare in i en delphistudie med grundskolelärare (Hsu & Sandford, 2007). Delphistudien syftar till att ringa in lärares uppfattningar kring de digitala textkompetensernas roll i klassrummet och identifiera framgångsfaktorer. De preliminära resultaten förväntas indikera hur lärares digitala textkompetenser bidrar till ett inkluderande klassrum utifrån tidigare forskningen och grundskolelärares uppfattningar. Resultaten kommer också leda vidare till praktiknära forskning i nära samarbete med mellanstadielärare i syfte att generera didaktiska modeller inom ramen för mina fortsatta doktorandstudier.
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| 14. |
- B. Kjellström, Kristian
(author)
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Teachers' digital text competences
- 2023
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Digitalization and rapid technological advancements continue to change the possibilities of and demands placed on our textual communication competences. This is turn affects what skills and knowledges teachers should provide their students with. To provide adequate digital literacy and be able to use the full potential of tools and applications for digital text work, teachers themselves need to be competent in digital text processes. One aim of my doctoral study is establishing more knowledge about how year 4–6 teachers digital text competences affect their ability to differentiate (Tomlinson, 2014) their textual work to accommodate individual student needs, within the classroom context. Digital text competences concern digital texts that could be both multimodal and media convergent (Sofkova Hashemi et al., 2020). Thus, the competences require technical as well as textual understanding, i.e. literacy (Jewitt, 2008). Therefore, the study uses both the theories of digital literacies (Lankshear & Knobel, 2008),TPACK in situ (Willermark, 2018) and differentiation (Tomlinson, 2014). Methodologically my doctoral study will consist of a systematic literature review, followed by a Delphi study (Hsu & Sandford, 2007), which is the focus of this presentation, and lastly cyclic design-based studies in close collaboration with year 4–6 teachers. The aim of the Delphi-study is to better understand which digital competences digitally competent teachers themselves view as most important in differentiating their classroom. The first iteration of the Delphi-study will use the preliminary findings of the systematic review while the following iterations will then be based on the results of the previous one. The key issue is identifying expert teachers as respondents. The results could help researchers better understand teachers digital text competences as a resource in the classroom, from a teacher point of view. The findings from this study will then be explored further in the following design-based studies. During the roundtable, I would like to discuss the possibilities and limitations of the Delphi-study and, if possible, also discuss the interrelations between my theoretical perspectives.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Christensen, Ole B., et al.
(author)
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Filling the matrix : an ANOVA-based method to emulate regional climate model simulations for equally-weighted properties of ensembles of opportunity
- 2022
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In: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 58:9-10, s. 2371-2385
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Collections of large ensembles of regional climate model (RCM) downscaled climate data for particular regions and scenarios can be organized in a usually incomplete matrix consisting of GCM (global climate model) x RCM combinations. When simple ensemble averages are calculated, each GCM will effectively be weighted by the number of times it has been downscaled. In order to facilitate more equal and less arbitrary weighting among downscaled GCM results, we present a method to emulate the missing combinations in such a matrix, enabling equal weighting among participating GCMs and hence among regional consequences of large-scale climate change simulated by each GCM. This method is based on a traditional Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach. The method is applied and studied for fields of seasonal average temperature, precipitation and surface wind and for the 10-year return value of daily precipitation and of 10-m wind speed for a completely filled matrix consisting of 5 GCMs and 4 RCMs. We quantify the skill of the two averaging methods for different numbers of missing simulations and show that ensembles where lacking members have been emulated by the ANOVA technique are better at representing the full ensemble than corresponding simple ensemble averages, particularly in cases where only a few model combinations are absent. The technique breaks down when the number of missing simulations reaches the sum of the numbers of GCMs and RCMs. Also, the method is only useful when inter-simulation variability is limited. This is the case for the average fields that have been studied, but not for the extremes. We have developed analytical expressions for the degree of improvement obtained with the present method, which quantify this conclusion.
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| 17. |
- Christensen, Ole B., et al.
(author)
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Partitioning uncertainty components of mean climate and climate change in a large ensemble of European regional climate model projections
- 2020
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In: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 54:9-10, s. 4293-4308
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study of seasonal mean temperature, precipitation, and wind speed has been performed for a set of 19 global climate model (GCM) driven high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations forming a complete 5 x 4 GCM x RCM matrix with only one missing simulation. Differences between single simulations and between groups of simulations forced by a specific GCM or a specific RCM are identified. With the help of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) we split the ensemble variance into linear GCM and RCM contributions and cross terms for both mean climate and climate change for the end of the current century according to the RCP8.5 emission scenario. The results document that the choice of GCM generally has a larger influence on the climate change signal than the choice of RCM, having a significant influence for roughly twice as many points in the area for the fields investigated (temperature, precipitation and wind speed). It is also clear that the RCM influence is generally concentrated close to the eastern and northern boundaries and in mountainous areas, i.e., in areas where the added surface detail of e.g. orography, snow and ice seen by the RCM is expected to have considerable influence on the climate, and in areas where the air in general has spent the most time within the regional domain. The analysis results in estimates of areas where the specific identity of either GCM or RCM is formally significant, hence obtaining an indication about regions, seasons, and fields where linear superpositions of GCM and RCM effects are good approximations to an actual simulation for both the mean fields analysed and their changes. In cases where linear superposition works well, the frequently encountered sparse GCM-RCM matrices may be filled with emulated results, leading to the possibility of giving more fair relative weight between model simulations than simple averaging of existing simulations. An important result of the present study is that properties of the specific GCM-RCM combination are generally important for the mean climate, but negligible for climate change for the seasonal-mean surface fields investigated here.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Elliott, D. C., et al.
(author)
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Technoeconomic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction to transportation fuels
- 1990
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In: Biomass. - 0144-4565. ; 22:1-4, s. 251-269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses the results of a technoeconomic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction processes converting wood to gasoline and diesel fuels. The study was carried out by the Working Group of the International Energy Agency Direct Biomass Liquefaction Activity, in which Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the US participated. The processes chosen for detailed analysis were Atmospheric Flash Pyrolysis (AFP) and Liquefaction In Pressurized Solvent (LIPS). The assessment covered three steps for each process from feed to final product: 1. 1. primary liquefaction to a crude oil product, 2. 2. catalytic hydrotreating to upgrade the crude product to a deoxygenated product oil, 3. 3. refining the deoxygenated product to gasoline and diesel fuel. Present technology cases and potential future technology cases were evaluated. A consistent analytical basis was used throughout to allow comparison of the processes. This assessment shows that AFP is more economical than LIPS both for the production of boiler fuel oil as the primary liquefaction product and for the production of gasoline and diesel fuel products. The potential for future cost reduction through research and development is also clearly demonstrated.
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| 20. |
- Gustafsson, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Associations among Periodontitis, Calcified Carotid Artery Atheromas, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
- 2020
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In: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 99:1, s. 60-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of morbidity and premature mortality. Cardiovascular disease can be prevented when risk factors are identified early. Calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs), detected in panoramic radiographs, and periodontitis have both been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This case-control study aimed to 1) investigate associations between periodontitis and CCAA detected in panoramic radiographs and 2) determine the risk of future myocardial infarctions due to CCAA combined with periodontitis. We evaluated 1,482 participants (738 cases and 744 controls) with periodontitis and CCAAs recruited from the PAROKRANK study (Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease). Participants were examined with panoramic radiographs, including the carotid regions. Associations between myocardial infarction and periodontitis combined with CCAA were evaluated in 696 cases and 696 age-, sex-, and residential area-matched controls. Periodontitis was evaluated radiographically (as degree of bone loss) and with a clinical periodontal disease index score (from clinical and radiographic assessments). We found associations between CCAA and clinical periodontal disease index score among cases (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.10; P = 0.02) and controls (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.38; P < 0.01), although not between CCAA and the degree of bone loss. In a multivariable model, myocardial infarction was associated with CCAA combined with periodontitis, as assessed by degree of bone loss (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.74; P = 0.01). When the cohort was stratified by sex, only men showed a significant association between myocardial infarction and CCAA combined with periodontitis. Participants with clinically diagnosed periodontitis exhibited CCAA in panoramic radiographs more often than those without periodontitis, irrespective of the presence of a recent myocardial infarction. Participants with combined periodontitis and CCAA had a higher risk of having had myocardial infarction as compared with participants with either condition alone. These findings implied that patients in dental care might benefit from dentists assessing panoramic radiographs for CCAA-particularly, patients with periodontitis who have not received any preventive measures for cardiovascular disease.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Kjellström, B., et al.
(author)
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Symptoms of depression and their relation to myocardial infarction and periodontitis
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 16:6, s. 468-474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Psychosocial stress and depression are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease and a relationship to periodontitis has been suggested. We studied symptoms of depression and their relation to myocardial infarction and periodontitis. Methods: In a Swedish case-control study, 805 patients, <75 years with a first myocardial infarction and 805 controls without myocardial infarction were matched for age, gender and geographic area. Mean age was 62±8 years and 81% were male. Standardised physical examination and dental panoramic X-ray for grading of periodontal status was performed. Medical history including risk factors related to cardiovascular disease and periodontitis was collected as was detailed information on perceived stress at home and work, and symptoms of depression (Montgomery Åsberg Depression Scale). A Montgomery Åsberg Depression Scale score ≥13 was considered clinically relevant. Results: A family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking and divorce was more frequent among patients than controls. Patients had more symptoms of depression than controls (14 vs 7%; p<0.001) but received less anti-depressive treatment (16 vs 42%; p<0.001). Symptoms of depression doubled the risk for myocardial infarction (Montgomery Åsberg Depression Scale: odds ratio 2.17 (95% confidence interval 1.41-3.34)). There was no difference in symptoms of depression between study participants with and without periodontitis. Conclusion: Patients with a first myocardial infarction were more frequently depressed than matched controls without myocardial infarction, but received less anti-depressive treatment. A relationship between depression and periodontitis could not be confirmed.
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| 26. |
- Kjellström, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Emerging regional climate change signals for Europe under varying large-scale circulation conditions
- 2013
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In: Climate Research (CR). - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0936-577X .- 1616-1572. ; 56:2, s. 103-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large ensemble of regional climate model projections was investigated regarding if and when they show an emergence of significant climate change signals in seasonal temperature and precipitation within Europe. The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), as simulated in the projections, was investigated. In most parts of Europe, the projections indicate robust emergence of temperature change in the first 2 decades of the 21st century, typically earlier for summer than for winter. For precipitation changes, signals generally emerge much later than for temperature. For Europe as a whole, the precipitation signals tend to emerge some 40 to 60 yr later than the temperature signals. In some sub-regions, robust signals for precipitation are not found within the studied period, i.e. until 2100. Some sub-regions, notably the Mediterranean area and Scandinavia, show different behaviour in some aspects compared to the ensemble-based results as a whole. NAO has some influence on the temperature change signals, which emerge earlier in winter for some models and regions if NAO is accounted for. For summer temperatures, the influence of NAO is less evident. Similarly, for precipitation, accounting for NAO leads to an earlier emergence in some regions and models. Here, we find an impact for both summer and winter.
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| 27. |
- Kjellström, Jannike, et al.
(author)
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Lärares arbetsvillkor och hälsa efter 1990-talets skolreformer
- 2016
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In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 22:1, s. 52-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Den svenska skolan har genomgått omfattande strukturella förändringar under de senaste decennierna som påverkat dess inre liv och villkoren som präglar lärares yrkesvardag. I den här artikeln rapporterar vi om sambandet mellan lärares arbetsvillkor och hälsa i efterdyningarna av 1990-talets skolreformer och visar att det finns påtagliga hälsovinster för lärarna om arbetsvillkoren skulle förbättras.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Kjellström, Jannike, et al.
(author)
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Support From Parents and Teachers in Relation to Psychosomatic Health Complaints Among Adolescents
- 2017
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In: Journal of research on adolescence. - : Wiley. - 1050-8392 .- 1532-7795. ; 27:2, s. 478-487
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explores the relative contribution of parental and teacher support to adolescents’ psychosomatic health complaints, with a particular focus on gender and age differences. Based on a survey of 49,172 ninth- and eleventh-grade students in Stockholm (2006–2014), structural equation modeling results demonstrated negative associations between parental and teacher support on psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support had a stronger association with the outcome among girls than boys. It was also more important than teacher support for psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support was more important for younger girls’ health compared to older girls, with opposite patterns for teacher support. These findings highlight the need to consider gender and age to understand the links between social support and health during adolescence.
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| 30. |
- Kjellström, Tord, et al.
(author)
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Occupational health and safety impacts of climate conditions
- 2013
-
In: Climate vulnerability. - : Academic Press. - 9780123847041 ; , s. 145-156
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate conditions in workplaces are occupational health hazards that need to be taken into account when assessing population vulnerability to climate conditions and climate changes. Very cold as well as very hot work environments can create thermal stress beyond what human physiology can cope with. All human populations have a normal core body temperature in the range 36-37 °C, and even a few degrees higher or lower body temperature, due to surrounding climate conditions, can lead to serious health effects. Intrabody heat production creates vulnerability among people doing heavy physical labor. Increasing air temperature or humidity creates new workplace risks from heat stress, particularly in already hot locations, as temperature or humidity increases. This chapter describes this occupational health problem in some detail and also refers to other climate-related health risks that may occur in particular occupation groups.
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| 31. |
- Lee, G, et al.
(author)
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HeartBeat
- 2018
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In: European journal of cardiovascular nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-1953 .- 1474-5151. ; 17:2, s. 190-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 32. |
- Lind, Petter, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Benefits and added value of convection-permitting climate modeling over Fenno-Scandinavia
- 2020
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In: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 55:7-8, s. 1893-1912
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Convection-permitting climate models have shown superior performance in simulating important aspects of the precipitation climate including extremes and also to give partly different climate change signals compared to coarser-scale models. Here, we present the first long-term (1998–2018) simulation with a regional convection-permitting climate model for Fenno-Scandinavia. We use the HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIM) model on two nested grids; one covering Europe at 12 km resolution (HCLIM12) using parameterized convection, and one covering Fenno-Scandinavia with 3 km resolution (HCLIM3) with explicit deep convection. HCLIM12 uses lateral boundaries from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Model results are evaluated against reanalysis and various observational data sets, some at high resolutions. HCLIM3 strongly improves the representation of precipitation compared to HCLIM12, most evident through reduced “drizzle” and increased occurrence of higher intensity events as well as improved timing and amplitude of the diurnal cycle. This is the case even though the model exhibits a cold bias in near-surface temperature, particularly for daily maximum temperatures in summer. Simulated winter precipitation is biased high, primarily over complex terrain. Considerable undercatchment in observations may partly explain the wet bias. Examining instead the relative occurrence of snowfall versus rain, which is sensitive to variance in topographic heights it is shown that HCLIM3 provides added value compared to HCLIM12 also for winter precipitation. These results, indicating clear benefits of convection-permitting models, are encouraging motivating further exploration of added value in this region, and provide a valuable basis for impact studies.
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| 33. |
- Lind, Petter, 1979-, et al.
(author)
-
Climate change information over Fenno-Scandinavia produced with a convection-permitting climate model
- 2022
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In: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 61:1-2, s. 519-541
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents results from high-resolution climate change simulations that permit convection and resolve mesoscale orography at 3-km grid spacing over Fenno-Scandinavia using the HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIM) model. Two global climate models (GCMs) have been dynamically down-scaled for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios and for both near and far future periods in the 21st century. The warmer and moister climate conditions simulated in the GCMs lead to changes in precipitation characteristics. Higher precipitation amounts are simulated in fall, winter and spring, while in summer, precipitation increases in northern Fenno-Scandinavia and decreases in the southern parts of the domain. Both daily and sub-daily intense precipitation over Fenno-Scandinavia become more frequent at the expense of low-intensity events, with most pronounced shifts in summer. In the Scandinavian mountains, pronounced changes occur in the snow climate with a shift in precipitation falling as snow to rain, reduced snow cover and less days with a significant snow depth. HCLIM at 3-km grid spacing exhibits systematically different change responses in several aspects, e.g. a smaller shift from snow to rain in the western part of the Scandinavian mountains and a more consistent decrease in the urban heat island effect by the end of the 21st century. Most importantly, the high-resolution HCLIM shows a significantly stronger increase in summer hourly precipitation extremes compared to HCLIM at the intermediate 12-km grid spacing. In addition, an analysis of the statistical significance of precipitation changes indicates that simulated time periods of at least a couple of decades is recommended to achieve statistically robust results, a matter of important concern when running such high-resolution climate model experiments. The results presented here emphasizes the importance of using “convection-permitting” models to produce reliable climate change information over the Fenno-Scandinavian region.
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| 34. |
- Malmgren, A., et al.
(author)
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Electrocardiographic manifestations in female team handball players : analyzing ECG changes in athletes
- 2024
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In: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9367. ; 6, s. 1-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Long-term intense training leads to structural, functional, and electrical remodeling of the heart. How different sports affect the heart has not been fully investigated, particularly for female athletes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphology of 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (ECG) in elite female handball players compared to non-athlete female subjects. Potential changes will be explored to see if they could be explained by differences in cardiac dimensions and exercise hours.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 33 elite female team handball players compared to 33 sex and age-matched, non-athletic controls (age range 18-26 years) was performed. All participants underwent a resting 12-lead ECG and an echocardiographic examination. ECG variables for left ventricular hypertrophy and durations were evaluated and adjusted for cardiac dimensions and exercise hours using ANCOVA analysis. A linear regression analysis was used to describe relation between echocardiographic and ECG measures and exercise hours.Results: The female handball players had larger cardiac dimensions and significantly lower heart rate and QTc duration (Bazett's formula) as well as increased QRS and QT durations compared to controls. The 12-lead sum of voltage and the 12-lead sum of voltage & lowast; QRS were significantly higher among handball players. Changes in ECG variables reflecting the left ventricle could in part be explained by left ventricular size and exercise hours. Correlation with exercise hours were moderately strong in most of the echocardiographic measures reflecting left ventricular (LV), left ventricular mass (LVM), left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) size. Poor to fair correlations were seen in the majority of ECG measures.Conclusions: Female team handball players had altered ECGs, longer QRS and QT durations, higher 12-lead sum of voltage and 12-lead sum of voltage & lowast; QRS as well as shorter QTc (Bazett's formula) duration compared to non-athletic controls. These findings could only partly be explained by differences in left ventricular size. Despite larger atrial size in the athletes, no differences in P-wave amplitude and duration were found on ECG. This suggest that both structural, and to some degree electrical remodeling, occur in the female team handball players' heart and highlight that a normal ECG does not rule out structural adaptations. The present study adds knowledge to the field of sports cardiology regarding how the heart in female team handball players adapts to this type of sport.
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| 35. |
- Nordström, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Values at stake : autonomy, responsibility, and trustworthiness in relation to genetic testing and personalized nutrition advice
- 2013
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In: Genes & Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 8:4, s. 365-372
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Personalized nutrition has the potential to enhance individual health control. It could be seen as a means to strengthen people’s autonomy as they learn more about their personal health risks, and receive dietary advice accordingly. We examine in what sense personalized nutrition strengthens or weakens individual autonomy. The impact of personalized nutrition on autonomy is analyzed in relation to responsibility and trustworthiness. On a societal level, individualization of health promotion may be accompanied by the attribution of extended individual responsibility for one’s health. This constitutes a dilemma of individualization, caused by a conflict between the right to individual freedom and societal interests. The extent to which personalized nutrition strengthens autonomy is consequently influenced by how responsibility for health is allocated to individuals. Ethically adequate allocation of responsibility should focus on prospective responsibility and be differentiated with regard to individual differences concerning the capacity of adults to take responsibility. The impact of personalized nutrition on autonomy also depends on its methodological design. Owing to the complexity of information received, personalized nutrition through genetic testing (PNTGT) is open to misinterpretation and may not facilitate informed choices and autonomy. As new technologies, personalized nutrition and PNTGT are subject to issues of trust. To strengthen autonomy, trust should be approached in terms of trustworthiness. Trustworthiness implies that an organization that develops or introduces personalized nutrition can show that it is competent to deal with both the technical and moral dimensions at stake and that its decisions are motivated by the interests and expectations of the truster.
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| 36. |
- Reckermann, M., et al.
(author)
-
Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region
- 2022
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In: Earth Syst. Dynam.. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2190-4987 .- 2190-4979. ; 13:1, s. 1-80
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Sundkvist, G M, et al.
(author)
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Quantitative bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with LH-RH analogues
- 1996
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 30:1, s. 29-32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 14 men with prostatic carcinoma, quantitative scintigraphy of the vertebrae from Th10 to L5 was performed before and 2 weeks and 2 and 6 months after start of treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogues. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was also determined. The patients with normal bone scintigram showed no change in gamma camera count rate during the study, but fall in PSA values. The patients with abnormal bone scintigram responded to treatment with flare phenomenon, with increased count rate at 2 weeks, followed by fall to pretreatment level at 2 months. PSA showed decrease as early as 2 weeks after the start of treatment. Bone scintigraphy was found to be useful before therapy, especially in patients with elevated PSA levels, and after 2 months, when the flare phenomenon had subsided. Serial measurement of PSA provided a guide to disease activity.
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| 39. |
- Uhlig, E., et al.
(author)
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The live bacterial load and microbiota composition of prepacked “ready-to-eat” leafy greens during household conditions, with special reference to E. coli
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605. ; 377
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ready-to-eat (RTE) leafy greens are popular products that unfortunately have been associated with numerous foodborne illness outbreaks. Since the influence of consumer practices is essential for their quality and safety, the objective of this study was to analyze the microbiota of RTE products throughout shelf life during simulated household conditions. Products from different companies were analyzed in terms of plate counts, and resealed and unopened packages were compared. High bacterial loads were found, up to a total plate count of 9.6 log10 CFU/g, and Enterobacteriaceae plate counts up to 6.0 CFU/g on the expiration date. The effect of consumer practice varied, thus no conclusions regarding resealed or unopened bags could be drawn. The tested products contained opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterobacter homaechei, Hafnia paralvei and Pantoea agglomerans. Amplicon sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of major taxonomic groups changed during shelf life; Pseudomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae decreased, while Flavobacteriaceae and Marinomonadaceae inceased. Inoculation with E. coli CCUG 29300T showed that the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was lower on rocket than on other tested leafy greens. Inoculation with E. coli strain 921 indicate growth at the beginning of shelf-life time, while E. coli 731 increases at the end, seemingly able to adapt to cold storage conditions. The high levels of live microorganisms, the detection of opportunistic pathogens, and the ability of E. coli strains to grow at refrigeration temperature raise concerns and indicate that the shelf life may be shortened to achieve a safer product. Due to variations between products, further studies are needed to define how long the shelf-life of these products should be, to ensure a safe product even at the end of the shelf-life period.
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