| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Namkoong, H, et al.
(author)
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DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19
- 2022
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 609:7928, s. 754-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge1–5. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2,393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3,289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Wang, QBS, et al.
(author)
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The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force
- 2022
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 4830-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Horio, M., et al.
(author)
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Oxide Fermi liquid universality revealed by electron spectroscopy
- 2020
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In: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 102:24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a combined soft x-ray and high-resolution vacuum-ultraviolet angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the electron-overdoped cuprate Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4 (PLCCO). Demonstration of its highly two-dimensional band structure enabled precise determination of the in-plane self-energy dominated by electron-electron scattering. Through analysis of this self-energy and the Fermi liquid cut-off energy scale, we find-in contrast to hole-doped cuprates-a momentum isotropic and comparatively weak electron correlation in PLCCO. Yet, the self-energies extracted from multiple oxide systems combine to demonstrate a logarithmic divergent relation between the quasiparticle scattering rate and mass. This constitutes a spectroscopic version of the Kadowaki-Woods relation with an important merit-the demonstration of Fermi liquid quasiparticle lifetime and mass being set by a single energy scale.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Baldwin, H, et al.
(author)
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Neuroanatomical heterogeneity and homogeneity in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
- 2022
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In: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1, s. 297-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) demonstrate heterogeneity in clinical profiles and outcome features. However, the extent of neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the CHR-P state is largely undetermined. We aimed to quantify the neuroanatomical heterogeneity in structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), subcortical volume (SV), and intracranial volume (ICV) in CHR-P individuals compared with healthy controls (HC), and in relation to subsequent transition to a first episode of psychosis. The ENIGMA CHR-P consortium applied a harmonised analysis to neuroimaging data across 29 international sites, including 1579 CHR-P individuals and 1243 HC, offering the largest pooled CHR-P neuroimaging dataset to date. Regional heterogeneity was indexed with the Variability Ratio (VR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) ratio applied at the group level. Personalised estimates of heterogeneity of SA, CT and SV brain profiles were indexed with the novel Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI), with two complementary applications. First, to assess the extent of within-diagnosis similarity or divergence of neuroanatomical profiles between individuals. Second, using a normative modelling approach, to assess the ‘normativeness’ of neuroanatomical profiles in individuals at CHR-P. CHR-P individuals demonstrated no greater regional heterogeneity after applying FDR corrections. However, PBSI scores indicated significantly greater neuroanatomical divergence in global SA, CT and SV profiles in CHR-P individuals compared with HC. Normative PBSI analysis identified 11 CHR-P individuals (0.70%) with marked deviation (>1.5 SD) in SA, 118 (7.47%) in CT and 161 (10.20%) in SV. Psychosis transition was not significantly associated with any measure of heterogeneity. Overall, our examination of neuroanatomical heterogeneity within the CHR-P state indicated greater divergence in neuroanatomical profiles at an individual level, irrespective of psychosis conversion. Further large-scale investigations are required of those who demonstrate marked deviation.
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| 29. |
- Ideguchi, E., et al.
(author)
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Study of high-spin states in 48Ca region induced by secondary fusion reactions
- 2005
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new method of in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy induced by secondary fusion reactions, 37P+9Be and 46Ar+9Be is presented. Low-energy secondary beams of 37P and 46Ar ions of ∼5 MeV/A were developed in order to induce fusion evaporation reactions. Excited states of nuclei in the vicinity of 48Ca, 49-52Ti and 46Ca, were studied by the method as well as β decay of the secondary beam 46Ar. Gamma-gamma coincidence and excitation function analysis were performed to study high-spin states of Ti isotopes.
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| 30. |
- Ideguchi, E, et al.
(author)
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Study of high-spin states in the Ca-48 region by using secondary fusion reactions
- 2005
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In: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 25, s. 429-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy study, following a fusion reaction induced by a neutronrich secondary beam, Ar-46 + Be-9, is presented. A low-energy secondary beam of Ar-46 at similar to 5 MeV/A was developed in order to induce fusion reactions. Gamma-gamma coincidence and excitation function analysis was performed to study high-spin states in the vicinity of Ca-48, Ti49-52.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Okada, S., et al.
(author)
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First application of superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters to hadronic atom X-ray spectroscopy
- 2016
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In: Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2050-3911. ; 2016:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-resolution pionic atom X-ray spectroscopy was performed with an X-ray spectrometer based on a 240 pixel array of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters at the φM1 beam line of the Paul Scherrer Institute. X-rays emitted by pionic carbon via the 4f → 3d transition and the parallel 4d → 3p transition were observed with a full width at half maximum energy resolution of 6.8 eV at 6.4 keV. The measured X-ray energies are consistent with calculated electromagnetic values which considered the strong interaction effect assessed via the Seki-Masutani potential for the 3p energy level, and favor the electronic population of two filled 1s electrons in the K-shell. Absolute energy calibration with an uncertainty of 0.1 eV was demonstrated under a high-rate hadron beam condition of 1.45 MHz. This is the first application of a TES spectrometer to hadronic atom X-ray spectroscopy and is an important milestone towards next-generation high-resolution kaonic atom X-ray spectroscopy.
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| 34. |
- Pasquier, J. T., et al.
(author)
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The Ny-Ålesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment (NASCENT) : Overview and First Results
- 2022
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In: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 103:11, s. e2533-E2558
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of the global average. This warming is influenced by clouds, which modulate the solar and terrestrial radiative fluxes and, thus, determine the surface energy budget. However, the interactions among clouds, aerosols, and radiative fluxes in the Arctic are still poorly understood. To address these uncertainties, the Ny-Ålesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment (NASCENT) study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2020 in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The campaign’s primary goal was to elucidate the life cycle of aerosols in the Arctic and to determine how they modulate cloud properties throughout the year. In situ and remote sensing observations were taken on the ground at sea level, at a mountaintop station, and with a tethered balloon system. An overview of the meteorological and the main aerosol seasonality encountered during the NASCENT year is introduced, followed by a presentation of first scientific highlights. In particular, we present new findings on aerosol physicochemical and molecular properties. Further, the role of cloud droplet activation and ice crystal nucleation in the formation and persistence of mixed-phase clouds, and the occurrence of secondary ice processes, are discussed and compared to the representation of cloud processes within the regional Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The paper concludes with research questions that are to be addressed in upcoming NASCENT publications.
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| 35. |
- Fujiya, Wataru, et al.
(author)
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Migration of D-type asteroids from the outer Solar System inferred from carbonate in meteorites
- 2019
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In: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; 3:10, s. 910-915
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent dynamical models of Solar System evolution and isotope studies of rock-forming elements in meteorites have suggested that volatile-rich asteroids formed in the outer Solar System beyond Jupiter’s orbit, despite being currently located in the main asteroid belt. The ambient temperature under which asteroids formed is a crucial diagnostic to pinpoint the original location of asteroids and is potentially determined by the abundance of volatiles they contain. In particular, abundances and 13C/12C ratios of carbonates in meteorites record the abundances of carbon-bearing volatile species in their parent asteroids. However, the sources of carbon for these carbonates remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Tagish Lake meteorite contains abundant carbonates with consistently high 13C/12C ratios. The high abundance of 13C-rich carbonates in Tagish Lake excludes organic matter as their main carbon source. Therefore, the Tagish Lake parent body, presumably a D-type asteroid10, must have accreted a large amount of 13C-rich CO2 ice. The estimated 13C/12C and CO2/H2O ratios of ice in Tagish Lake are similar to those of cometary ice. Thus, we infer that at least some D-type asteroids formed in the cold outer Solar System and were subsequently transported into the inner Solar System owing to an orbital instability of the giant planets.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Haas, SS, et al.
(author)
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Normative modeling of brain morphometry in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis
- 2023
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In: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ImportanceThe lack of robust neuroanatomical markers of psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in neuroanatomical measures in the majority of individuals at psychosis risk may be nested within the range observed in healthy individuals.ObjectiveTo quantify deviations from the normative range of neuroanatomical variation in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and evaluate their overlap with healthy variation and their association with positive symptoms, cognition, and conversion to a psychotic disorder.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsClinical, IQ and FreeSurfer-derived regional measures of cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (SA), and subcortical volume (SV) from 1,340 CHR-P individuals [47.09% female; mean age: 20.75 (4.74) years] and 1,237 healthy individuals [44.70% female; mean age: 22.32 (4.95) years] from 29 international sites participating in the ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each regional morphometric measure, z-scores were computed that index the degree of deviation from the normative means of that measure in a healthy reference population (N=37,407). Average deviation scores (ADS) for CT, SA, SV, and globally across all measures (G) were generated by averaging the respective regional z-scores. Regression analyses were used to quantify the association of deviation scores with clinical severity and cognition and two-proportion z-tests to identify case-control differences in the proportion of individuals with infranormal (z<-1.96) or supranormal (z>1.96) scores.ResultsCHR-P and healthy individuals overlapped in the distributions of the observed values, regional z-scores, and all ADS vales. The proportion of CHR-P individuals with infranormal or supranormal values in any metric was low (<12%) and similar to that of healthy individuals. CHR-P individuals who converted to psychosis compared to those who did not convert had a higher percentage of infranormal values in temporal regions (5-7% vs 0.9-1.4%). In the CHR-P group, only the ADSSAshowed significant but weak associations (|β|<0.09; PFDR<0.05) with positive symptoms and IQ.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study findings challenge the usefulness of macroscale neuromorphometric measures as diagnostic biomarkers of psychosis risk and suggest that such measures do not provide an adequate explanation for psychosis risk.Key pointsQuestionIs the risk of psychosis associated with brain morphometric changes that deviate significantly from healthy variation?FindingsIn this study of 1340 individuals high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and 1237 healthy participants, individual-level variation in macroscale neuromorphometric measures of the CHR-P group was largely nested within healthy variation and was not associated with the severity of positive psychotic symptoms or conversion to a psychotic disorder.MeaningThe findings suggest the macroscale neuromorphometric measures have limited utility as diagnostic biomarkers of psychosis risk.
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| 38. |
- Kojima, K., et al.
(author)
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Nonlinearity-Tolerant Four-Dimensional 2A8PSK Family for 5-7 Bits/Symbol Spectral Efficiency
- 2017
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 35:8, s. 1383-1391
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe in detail the recently proposed four-dimensional modulation format family based on 2-ary amplitude 8-ary phase-shift keying (2A8PSK), supporting spectral efficiencies of 5, 6, and 7 bits/symbol. These formats nicely fill the spectral efficiency gap between the dual-polarization (DP) quadrature PSK (QPSK) and DP 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation (16QAM), with excellent linear and nonlinear performance. Since these modulation formats just use different parity bit expressions in the same constellation, similar digital signal processing can be seamlessly used for different spectral efficiency. A series of nonlinear transmission simulation results shows that this modulation format family outperforms the conventional modulation formats at the corresponding spectral efficiency. We also investigate the adaptive equalizer for these modulation formats.
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| 39. |
- Kramer, K. P., et al.
(author)
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Band structure of overdoped cuprate superconductors: Density functional theory matching experiments
- 2019
-
In: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 99:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A comprehensive angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the band structure in singlelayer cuprates is presented with the aim of uncovering universal trends across different materials. Five different hole-and electron-overdoped cuprate superconductors (La1.59Eu0.2Sr0.21CuO4, La1.77Sr0.23CuO4, Bi1.74Pb0.38Sr1.88CuO6+delta, Tl2Ba2CuO6+delta, and Pr1.15La0.7Ce0.15CuO4) have been studied with special focus on the bands with a predominately d-orbital character. Using a light polarization analysis, the e(g) and t(2g) bands are identified across these materials. A clear correlation between the d(3z2-r2) band energy and the apical oxygen distance d(A) is demonstrated. Moreover, the compound dependence of the d(x2-y2) band bottom and the t(2g) band top is revealed. A direct comparison to density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing hybrid exchange-correlation functionals demonstrates excellent agreement. We thus conclude that the DFT methodology can be used to describe the global band structure of overdoped single-layer cuprates on both the hole-and electron-doped side.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Quentin, Audrey G, et al.
(author)
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Non-structural carbohydrates in woody plants compared among laboratories.
- 2015
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In: Tree physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1758-4469 .- 0829-318X. ; 35:11, s. 1146-1165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissue are frequently quantified to make inferences about plant responses to environmental conditions. Laboratories publishing estimates of NSC of woody plants use many different methods to evaluate NSC. We asked whether NSC estimates in the recent literature could be quantitatively compared among studies. We also asked whether any differences among laboratories were related to the extraction and quantification methods used to determine starch and sugar concentrations. These questions were addressed by sending sub-samples collected from five woody plant tissues, which varied in NSC content and chemical composition, to 29 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the samples with their laboratory-specific protocols, based on recent publications, to determine concentrations of soluble sugars, starch and their sum, total NSC. Laboratory estimates differed substantially for all samples. For example, estimates for Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EGL) varied from 23 to 116 (mean = 56) mg g(-1) for soluble sugars, 6-533 (mean = 94) mg g(-1) for starch and 53-649 (mean = 153) mg g(-1) for total NSC. Mixed model analysis of variance showed that much of the variability among laboratories was unrelated to the categories we used for extraction and quantification methods (method category R(2) = 0.05-0.12 for soluble sugars, 0.10-0.33 for starch and 0.01-0.09 for total NSC). For EGL, the difference between the highest and lowest least squares means for categories in the mixed model analysis was 33 mg g(-1) for total NSC, compared with the range of laboratory estimates of 596 mg g(-1). Laboratories were reasonably consistent in their ranks of estimates among tissues for starch (r = 0.41-0.91), but less so for total NSC (r = 0.45-0.84) and soluble sugars (r = 0.11-0.83). Our results show that NSC estimates for woody plant tissues cannot be compared among laboratories. The relative changes in NSC between treatments measured within a laboratory may be comparable within and between laboratories, especially for starch. To obtain comparable NSC estimates, we suggest that users can either adopt the reference method given in this publication, or report estimates for a portion of samples using the reference method, and report estimates for a standard reference material. Researchers interested in NSC estimates should work to identify and adopt standard methods.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Wang, L., et al.
(author)
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Development of a land surface model with coupled snow and frozen soil physics
- 2017
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In: Water Resources Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 53:6, s. 5085-5103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Snow and frozen soil are important factors that influence terrestrial water and energy balances through snowpack accumulation and melt and soil freeze-thaw. In this study, a new land surface model (LSM) with coupled snow and frozen soil physics was developed based on a hydrologically improved LSM (HydroSiB2). First, an energy-balance-based three-layer snow model was incorporated into HydroSiB2 (hereafter HydroSiB2-S) to provide an improved description of the internal processes of the snow pack. Second, a universal and simplified soil model was coupled with HydroSiB2-S to depict soil water freezing and thawing (hereafter HydroSiB2-SF). In order to avoid the instability caused by the uncertainty in estimating water phase changes, enthalpy was adopted as a prognostic variable instead of snow/soil temperature in the energy balance equation of the snow/frozen soil module. The newly developed models were then carefully evaluated at two typical sites of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) (one snow covered and the other snow free, both with underlying frozen soil). At the snow-covered site in northeastern TP (DY), HydroSiB2-SF demonstrated significant improvements over HydroSiB2-F (same as HydroSiB2-SF but using the original single-layer snow module of HydroSiB2), showing the importance of snow internal processes in three-layer snow parameterization. At the snow-free site in southwestern TP (Ngari), HydroSiB2-SF reasonably simulated soil water phase changes while HydroSiB2-S did not, indicating the crucial role of frozen soil parameterization in depicting the soil thermal and water dynamics. Finally, HydroSiB2-SF proved to be capable of simulating upward moisture fluxes toward the freezing front from the underlying soil layers in winter.
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| 44. |
- Wang, Qisi, et al.
(author)
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High-Temperature Charge-Stripe Correlations in La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4
- 2020
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 124:18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to investigate charge-stripe correlations in La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4. By differentiating elastic from inelastic scattering, it is demonstrated that charge-stripe correlations precede both the structural low-temperature tetragonal phase and the transport-defined pseudogap onset. The scattering peak amplitude from charge stripes decays approximately as T-2 towards our detection limit. The in-plane integrated intensity, however, remains roughly temperature independent. Therefore, although the incommensurability shows a remarkably large increase at high temperature, our results are interpreted via a single scattering constituent. In fact, direct comparison to other stripe-ordered compounds (La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, La1.475Nd0.4Sr0.125CuO4, and La1.875Sr0.125CuO4) suggests a roughly constant integrated scattering intensity across all these compounds. Our results therefore provide a unifying picture for the charge-stripe ordering in La-based cuprates. As charge correlations in La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4 extend beyond the low-temperature tetragonal and pseudogap phase, their emergence heralds a spontaneous symmetry breaking in this compound.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Holzinger, R., et al.
(author)
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A signature of aged biogenic compounds detected from airborne VOC measurements in the high arctic atmosphere in March/April 2018
- 2023
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the PAMARCMiP 2018 campaign (March and April 2018) a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was deployed onboard the POLAR 5 research aircraft and sampled the high Arctic atmosphere under Arctic haze conditions. More than 100 compounds exhibited levels above 1 pmol/mol in at least 25% of the measurements. We used acetone mixing ratios, ozone concentrations, and back trajectories to identify periods with and without long-range transport from continental sources. During two flights, surface ozone depletion events (ODE) were observed that coincided with enhanced levels of acetone, and methylethylketone, and ice nucleating particles (INP).Air masses with continental influence contained elevated levels of compounds associated with aged biogenic emissions and anthropogenic pollution (e.g., methanol, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), acetone, acetic acid, meth-ylethylketone (MEK), proprionic acid, and pentanone). Almost half of all positively detected compounds (>100) in the high Arctic atmosphere can be associated with terpene oxidation products, likely produced from mono-terpenes and sesquiterpenes emitted from boreal forests. We speculate that the transport of biogenic terpene emissions may constitute an important control of the High Arctic aerosol burden. The sum concentration of the detected aerosol forming vapours is-12 pmol/mol, which is of the same order than measured dimethylsulfide (DMS) mixing ratios and their mass density corresponds to approximately one fifth of the measured non-black -carbon particles.
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| 48. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 49. |
- Koike, M., et al.
(author)
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Year-Round In Situ Measurements of Arctic Low-Level Clouds : Microphysical Properties and Their Relationships With Aerosols
- 2019
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 124:3, s. 1798-1822
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two years of continuous in situ measurements of Arctic low-level clouds have been made at the Mount Zeppelin Observatory (78 degrees 56N, 11 degrees 53E), in Ny-angstrom lesund, Spitsbergen. The monthly median value of the cloud particle number concentration (N-c) showed a clear seasonal variation: Its maximum appeared in May-July (658cm(-3)), and it remained low between October and March (87cm(-3)). At temperatures warmer than 0 degrees C, a clear correlation was found between the hourly N-c values and the number concentrations of aerosols with dry diameters larger than 70nm (N-70), which are proxies for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). When clouds were detected at temperatures colder than 0 degrees C, some of the data followed the summertime N-c to N-70 relationship, while other data showed systematically lower N-c values. The lidar-derived depolarization ratios suggested that the former (CCN-controlled) and latter (CCN-uncontrolled) data generally corresponded to clouds consisting of supercooled water droplets and those containing ice particles, respectively. The CCN-controlled data persistently appeared throughout the year at Zeppelin. The aerosol-cloud interaction index (ACI=dlnN(c)/(3dlnN(70))) for the CCN-controlled data showed high sensitivities to aerosols both in the summer (clean air) and winter-spring (Arctic haze) seasons (0.220.03 and 0.250.02, respectively). The air parcel model calculations generally reproduced these values. The threshold diameters of aerosol activation (D-act), which account for the N-c of the CCN-controlled data, were as low as 30-50nm when N-70 was less than 30cm(-3), suggesting that new particle formation can affect Arctic cloud microphysics.
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- Koike, T, et al.
(author)
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Chiral bands, dynamical spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the selection rule for electromagnetic transitions in the chiral geometry
- 2004
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 93:17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A model for a special configuration in triaxial odd-odd nuclei is constructed which exhibits degenerate chiral bands with a sizable rotation, a manifestation of dynamical spontaneous symmetry breaking. A quantum number obtained from the invariance of the model Hamiltonian, which characterizes observable states, is given and selection rules for electromagnetic transition probabilities in chiral bands is derived in terms of this quantum number. The degeneracy of the lowest two bands is indeed obtained in the numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian at an intermediate spin range, over which electromagnetic transitions follow exactly the selection rule expected for the chiral geometry.
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