| 1. |
- Boscato, Noeli, et al.
(author)
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Impact of oral motor task training on corticomotor pathways and diadochokinetic rates in young healthy participants
- 2022
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In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 49:9, s. 924-934
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Studies addressing the training-induced neuroplasticity and interrelationships of the lip, masseter, and tongue motor representations in the human motor cortex using single syllable repetition are lacking. Objective This study investigated the impact of a repeated training in a novel PaTaKa diadochokinetic (DDK) orofacial motor task (OMT) on corticomotor control of the lips, masseter, and tongue muscles in young healthy participants. Methods A total of 22 young healthy volunteers performed 3 consecutive days of training in an OMT. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the lip, masseter, tongue, and first dorsal interosseous (FDI, internal control) muscles. MEPs were assessed by stimulus-response curves and corticomotor mapping at baseline and after OMT. The DDK rate from PaTaKa single syllable repetition and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were also obtained at baseline and immediately after each OMT. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to detect differences at a significance level of 5%. Results There was a significant effect of OMT and stimulus intensity on the lips, masseter, and tongue MEPs compared to baseline (p < .001), but not FDI MEPs (p > .05). OMT increased corticomotor topographic maps area (p < .001), and DDK rates (p < .01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that 3 consecutive days of a repeated PaTaKa training in an OMT can induce neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor pathways of orofacial muscles, and it may be related to mechanisms underlying the improvement of orofacial fine motor skills due to short-term training. The clinical utility should now be investigated.
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| 2. |
- Kothari, Simple Futarmal, et al.
(author)
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Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on altered perception of One's own face
- 2020
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In: Brain Stimulation. - : Elsevier. - 1935-861X .- 1876-4754. ; 13:3, s. 554-561
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Chronic orofacial pain (COP) patients often perceive the painful face area as "swollen" without clinical signs; such self-reported illusions of the face are termed perceptual distortion (PD). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD remain elusive.OBJECTIVE: To test the neuromodulatory effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on PD in healthy individuals, to gain insight into the cortical mechanisms underlying PD.METHODS: PD was induced experimentally by injections of local anesthetic (LA) around the infraorbital nerve and measured as perceived size changes of the affected area. Participants were randomly allocated to inhibitory rTMS (n = 26) or sham rTMS (n = 26) group. The participants rated PD at baseline, 6 min after LA, immediately, 20 and 40 min after rTMS. The rTMS (inhibitory and sham) was applied to face (lip) representation area of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) as an intervention at 10 min after the LA, when the magnitude of PD is large. As inhibitory rTMS, continuous theta-burst stimulation paradigm (50 Hz) for 40s was employed to inhibit cortical activity.RESULTS: We demonstrated a significant decrease in the magnitude of PD immediately and 20 min after the application of inhibitory rTMS compared with sham rTMS (P < 0.006). In two control experiments, we also showed that peripheral muscle stimulation and stimulation of a cortical region other than the lip representation area had no effect on the magnitude of the PD.CONCLUSIONS: Inhibitory rTMS applied to a somatotopical-relevant cortical region modulates PD of the face in healthy individuals and could potentially have therapeutic implications for COP patients.
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| 3. |
- Kothari, Simple Futarmal, et al.
(author)
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Painful and non-painful symptoms evoked by experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible in healthy individuals
- 2021
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In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 48:9, s. 1004-1012
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Bruxism may involve bracing and thrusting of the mandible, in addition to clenching or grinding of the teeth. It is unclear how bracing and thrusting may contribute to potential musculoskeletal symptoms associated with bruxism. Objective To examine the effect of experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible on the development of musculoskeletal symptoms in healthy volunteers. Methods Thirty healthy volunteers performed six trials of 5 min of repeated bracing and thrusting of the mandible. Bracing involved forcefully maintaining maximum protruded position (5 s with 1 s rest in between), whereas thrusting involved forcefully moving the mandible in a forward direction and back (1 Hz). The participants rated pain, unpleasantness, soreness, fatigue, tension, stiffness, stress and headache on 10-cm visual analogue scales (VAS) before, immediately and 24 h after the tasks. Pain drawings were obtained and maximum voluntary protrusive force (MVPF) was determined before and after the tasks. The outcome parameters for each task were compared between the time points. Results There was a significant increase in the VAS scores (2-4/10) of pain, unpleasantness, soreness, fatigue, tension, stiffness and stress immediately following the tasks compared to baseline and 24 h after the tasks (p < .008). Pain was frequently reported in masseter muscles. MVPF values were significantly higher immediately (p < .001) and 24 h after thrusting (p < .001) and bracing (p = .012) tasks compared to the baseline. Conclusions Experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible evoked transient, mild-to-moderate levels of muscle pain, fatigue, tension and stiffness and increased unpleasantness and stress scores in healthy volunteers.
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| 4. |
- Pillai, Rajath Sasidharan, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of force profiles from two musculoskeletal palpation methods : A methodological study
- 2024
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In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-182X. ; 51:5, s. 879-885
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol recommends a 5 s and 1 kg force dynamic palpation around the lateral condylar pole of the temporomandibular joint. However, the accuracy and precision of the generated force are not known.Objective: To assess and compare the force profiles generated from dynamic palpation manually and using a palpometer, based on the forces and time recommendations suggested by the DC/TMD protocol.Methods: Nineteen healthy adults applied forces of 0.5 kg, 1.0 kg and 2.0 kg on a calibrated force sensor in a circular motion within target times of 2 s and 5 s. Participants used their right index finger for manual palpation and a calibrated palpometer for device-assisted palpation. Ten repetitions of each target force at both target times were applied. Time taken to complete each application was recorded. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for analysis of accuracy measured as the relative difference between targeted force and actual force values and precision measured as the coefficient of variation (CV) within the 10 repeated measurements.Results: Accuracy was significantly lower (better) and precision higher (lower CV) with the palpometer than with manual palpation (p < .001). There were significant differences in accuracy and precision between the different forces but not palpation times. Most participants could not achieve the target times and tended to be faster, irrespective of the palpation method (p > .063).Conclusion: A palpometer is a more accurate and precise palpation method for dynamic force assessment compared to manual palpation; however, it remains difficult to standardize the palpation duration.
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