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1.
  • Schael, S, et al. (author)
  • Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
  • 2006
  • In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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2.
  • Schael, S., et al. (author)
  • Electroweak measurements in electron positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP
  • 2013
  • In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 532:4, s. 119-244
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb(-1) collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, 13 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, m(w) and Gamma(w), the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, B(W -> had), and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings g(1)(Z), K-gamma and lambda(gamma), are determined to be: m(w) = 80.376 +/- 0.033 GeV Gamma(w) = 2.195 +/- 0.083 GeV B(W -> had) = 67.41 +/- 0.27% g(1)(Z) = 0.984(-0.020)(+0.018) K-gamma - 0.982 +/- 0.042 lambda(gamma) = 0.022 +/- 0.019. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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3.
  • 2017
  • In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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4.
  • Burstein, R., et al. (author)
  • Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017
  • 2019
  • In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7778, s. 353-358
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations. © 2019, The Author(s).
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6.
  • Kinyoki, DK, et al. (author)
  • Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
  • 2020
  • In: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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8.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Multi-leptons with high transverse momentum at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8479. ; :10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Events with at least two high transverse momentum leptons (electrons or muons) are studied using the H1 and ZEUS detectors at HERA with an integrated luminosity of 0.94 fb(-1). The observed numbers of events are in general agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Seven di- and tri-lepton events are observed in e(+)p collision data with a scalar sum of the lepton transverse momenta above 100 GeV while 1.94 +/- 0.17 events are expected. Such events are not observed in e(-)p collisions for which 1.19 +/- 0.12 are predicted. Total visible and differential di-electron and di-muon photoproduction cross sections are extracted in a restricted phase space dominated by photon-photon collisions.
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9.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Events with an isolated lepton and missing transverse momentum and measurement of W production at HERA
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; 2010:3, s. 1-19
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A search for events containing an isolated electron or muon and missing trans verse momentum produced in e(+/-)p collisions is performed with the H1 and ZEUS detectors at HERA. The data were taken in the period 1994-2007 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.98 fb(-1). The observed event yields are in good overall agreement with the Standard Model prediction, which is dominated by single W production. In the e(+)p data, at large hadronic transverse momentum P-T(X) > 25GeV, a total of 23 events are observed compared to a prediction of 14.0 +/- 1.9. The total single W boson production cross section is measured as 1.06 +/- 0.16 (stat.) +/- 0.07 (sys.) pb, in agreement with an Standard Model (SM) expectation of 1.26 +/- 0.19 pb.
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10.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Combined measurement and QCD analysis of the inclusive e(+/-)p scattering cross sections at HERA
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised e(+/-)p scattering at HERA during the period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, Q(2), and in Bjorken x. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions, HERAPDF1.0, with small experimental uncertainties. This set includes an estimate of the model and parametrisation uncertainties of the fit result.
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11.
  • Sbarra, AN, et al. (author)
  • Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
  • 2021
  • In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 589:7842, s. 415-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.
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12.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Combined inclusive diffractive cross sections measured with forward proton spectrometers in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA
  • 2012
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 72:10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A combination of the inclusive diffractive cross section measurements made by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA is presented. The analysis uses samples of diffractive deep inelastic ep scattering data at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 318 GeV where leading protons are detected by dedicated spectrometers. Correlations of systematic uncertainties are taken into account, resulting in an improved precision of the cross section measurement which reaches 6 % for the most precise points. The combined data cover the range 2.5 < Q(2) < 200 GeV2 in photon virtuality, 0.00035 < x(P) < 0.09 in proton fractional momentum loss, 0.09 < vertical bar t vertical bar < 0.55 GeV2 in squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and 0.0018 < beta < 0.816 in beta = x/x(P), where x is the Bjorken scaling variable.
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13.
  • Abramowicz, H., et al. (author)
  • Combination and QCD analysis of charm production cross section measurements in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA
  • 2013
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 73:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Measurements of open charm production cross sections in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are combined. Reduced cross sections sigma(c (c) over bar)(red) for charm production are obtained in the kinematic range of photon virtuality 2.5 <= Q(2) <= 2000 GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 3 . 10(-5) <= x <= 5 . 10(-2). The combination method accounts for the correlations of the systematic uncertainties among the different data sets. The combined charm data together with the combined inclusive deep-inelastic scattering cross sections from HERA are used as input for a detailed NLO QCD analysis to study the influence of different heavy flavour schemes on the parton distribution functions. The optimal values of the charm mass as a parameter in these different schemes are obtained. The implications on the NLO predictions for W-+/- and Z production cross sections at the LHC are investigated. Using the fixed flavour number scheme, the running mass of the charm quark is determined.
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16.
  • James, SL, et al. (author)
  • Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
  • 2020
  • In: Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1475-5785. ; 26:SUPP_1Supp 1, s. 96-114
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.MethodsWe reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).FindingsIn 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).InterpretationInjuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
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17.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (author)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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19.
  • Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al. (author)
  • Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
  • 2015
  • In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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20.
  • James, SL, et al. (author)
  • Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
  • 2020
  • In: Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1475-5785. ; 26:SUPP_1Supp 1, s. 125-153
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.MethodsIn this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced.ResultsGBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes.ConclusionsGBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.
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21.
  • Akhunzyanov, R., et al. (author)
  • Transverse extension of partons in the proton probed in the sea-quark range by measuring the DVCS cross section
  • 2019
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 793, s. 188-194
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on the first measurement of exclusive single-photon muoproduction on the proton by COMPASS using 160 GeV/c polarised mu(+) and mu(-) beams of the CERN SPS impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. We determine the dependence of the average of the measured mu(+) and mu(-) cross sections for deeply virtual Compton scattering on the squared four-momentum transfer t from the initial to the final proton. The slope B of the t-dependence is fitted with a single exponential function, which yields B = (4.3 +/- 0.6(stat) (+0.1)(-0.3)vertical bar(sys)) (GeV/c)(-2). This result can be converted into a transverse extension of partons in the proton,root(r(perpendicular to)(2)) = (0.58 +/- 0.04(stat) (+0.01)(-0.02)vertical bar(sys) +/- 0.04(model)) fm. For this measurement, the average virtuality of the photon mediating the interaction is < Q(2)> = 1.8 (GeV/c)(2) and the average value of the Bjorken variable is < X-Bj > = 0.056.
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22.
  • Aghasyan, M., et al. (author)
  • First Measurement of Transverse-Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Asymmetries in the Drell-Yan Process
  • 2017
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 119:11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The first measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the pion-induced Drell-Yan (DY) process is reported. We use the CERN SPS 190 GeV/c pi(-) beam and a transversely polarized ammonia target. Three azimuthal asymmetries giving access to different transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) are extracted using dimuon events with invariant mass between 4.3 GeV/c(2) and 8.5 GeV/c(2). Within the experimental uncertainties, the observed sign of the Sivers asymmetry is found to be consistent with the fundamental prediction of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that the Sivers TMD PDFs extracted from DY have a sign opposite to the one extracted from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. We present two other asymmetries originating from the pion Boer-Mulders TMD PDFs convoluted with either the nucleon transversity or pretzelosity TMD PDFs. A recent COMPASS SIDIS measurement was obtained at a hard scale comparable to that of these DY results. This opens the way for possible tests of fundamental QCD universality predictions.
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23.
  • Aghasyan, M., et al. (author)
  • Light isovector resonances in pi(-) p -> pi(-) pi(-) pi(+)p at 190 GeV/c
  • 2018
  • In: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 98:9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We have performed the most comprehensive resonance-model fit of pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) states using the results of our previously published partial-wave analysis (PWA) of a large data set of diffractive-dissociation events from the reaction pi(-) + p -> pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) +p(recoil) with a 190 GeV/c pion beam. The PWA results, which were obtained in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5 < m(3 pi) < 2.5 GeV/c(2), and simultaneously in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1 < t'< 1.0 (GeV/c)(2), are subjected to a resonance-model fit using Breit-Wigner amplitudes to simultaneously describe a subset of 14 selected waves using 11 isovector light-meson states with J(PC) = 0(-+), 1(++), 2(++), 2(-+), 4(++), and spin-exotic 1(-+) quantum numbers. The model contains the well-known resonances pi(1800), a(1)(1260), a(2)(1320), pi(2)(1670), pi(2)(1880), and a(4) (2040). In addition, it includes the disputed pi(1)(1600), the excited states a(1)(1640), a2(1700), and pi(2) (2005), as well as the resonancelike a(1)(1420). We measure the resonance parameters mass and width of these objects by combining the information from the PWA results obtained in the 11 t' bins. We extract the relative branching fractions of the rho(770)pi and f(2)(1270)pi decays of a(2)(1320) and a(4)(2040), where the former one is measured for the first time. In a novel approach, we extract the t' dependence of the intensity of the resonances and of their phases. The t' dependence of the intensities of most resonances differs distinctly from the t' dependence of the nonresonant components. For the first time, we determine the t' dependence of the phases of the production amplitudes and confirm that the production mechanism of the Pomeron exchange is common to all resonances. We have performed extensive systematic studies on the model dependence and correlations of the measured physical parameters.
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24.
  • Aghasyan, M., et al. (author)
  • Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and spin-dependent structure function g(1)(p) of the proton at small values of x and Q(2)
  • 2018
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 781, s. 464-472
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We present a precise measurement of the proton longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and the proton spin-dependent structure function g(1)(P) at photon virtualities 0.006 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2) in the Bjorken x range of 4 x 10(-5) < x < 4 x 10(-2). The results are based on data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN using muon beam energies of 160 GeV and 200 GeV. The statistical precision is more than tenfold better than that of the previous measurement in this region. In the whole range of x, the measured values of A(1)(p) and g(1)(P) are found to be positive. It is for the first time that spin effects are found at such low values of x.
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25.
  • Aghasyan, M., et al. (author)
  • Search for muoproduction of X(3872) at COMPASS and indication of a new state (X)over-tilde(3872)
  • 2018
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 783, s. 334-340
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We have searched for exclusive production of exotic charmonia in the reaction mu N+ -> mu(+)(J/psi pi(+)pi(-))pi N-+/-' using COMPASS data collected with incoming muons of 160 GeV/c and 200 GeV/c momentum. In the J/psi pi(vertical bar)pi mass distribution we observe a signal with a statistical significance of 4.1 sigma. Its mass and width are consistent with those of the X(3872). The shape of the pi(+)pi(-) mass distribution from the observed decay into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) shows disagreement with previous observations for X(3872). The observed signal may be interpreted as a possible evidence of a new charmonium state. It could be associated with a neutral partner of X(3872) with C=-1 predicted by a tetraquark model. The product of cross section and branching fraction of the decay of the observed state into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) is determined to be 71 +/- 28(stat)+/- 39(syst) pb.
  •  
26.
  • Aghasyan, M., et al. (author)
  • Transverse-momentum-dependent multiplicities of charged hadrons in muon-deuteron deep inelastic scattering
  • 2018
  • In: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A semi-inclusive measurement of charged hadron multiplicities in deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target was performed using data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. The following kinematic domain is covered by the data: photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c)(2), invariant mass of the hadronic system W > 5 (GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable in the range 0.003 < x < 0.4, fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron in the range 0.2 < z < 0.8, and square of the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the virtual photon direction in the range 0.02 (GeV/c)(2) < P-hT(2) < 3 (GeV/c)(2). The multiplicities are presented as a function of P-hT(2) in three-dimensional bins of x, Q(2), z and compared to previous semi-inclusive measurements. We explore the small-P-hT(2) region, i.e. P-hT(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2), where hadron transverse momenta are expected to arise from nonperturbative effects, and also the domain of larger P-hT(2), where contributions from higher-order perturbative QCD are expected to dominate. The multiplicities are fitted using a single-exponential function at small P-hT(2) to study the dependence of the average transverse momentum < P-hT(2)> on x, Q(2) and z. The power-law behavior of the multiplicities at large P-hT(2) is investigated using various functional forms. The fits describe the data reasonably well over the full measured range.
  •  
27.
  • Adolph, C., et al. (author)
  • Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in high-energy muon scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons
  • 2018
  • In: European Physical Journal C. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 78:11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Single hadron azimuthal asymmetries of positive and negative hadrons produced in muon semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons are determined using the 2006 COMPASS data and also combined all deuteron COMPASS data. For each hadron charge, the dependence of the azimuthal asymmetry on the hadron azimuthal angle f is obtained by means of a fiveparameter fitting function that besides a f-independent term includes four modulations predicted by theory: sin f, sin 2f, sin 3f and cos f. The amplitudes of the five terms have been extracted, first, for the hadrons in the whole available kinematic region. In further fits, performed for hadrons from a restricted kinematic region, the f-dependence is determined as a function of one of three variables (Bjorken-x, fractional energy of virtual photon taken by the outgoing hadron and hadron transverse momentum), while disregarding the others. Except thef-independent term, all themodulation amplitudes are very small, and no clear kinematic dependence could be observed within experimental uncertainties.
  •  
28.
  • Adolph, C., et al. (author)
  • Multiplicities of charged kaons from deep-inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target
  • 2017
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 767, s. 133-141
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Precise measurements of charged-kaon multiplicities in deep inelastic scattering were performed. The results are presented in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y, and the fraction z of the virtual-photon energy carried by the produced hadron. The data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration by scattering 160 GeV muons off an isoscalar (LiD)-Li-6 target. They cover the kinematic domain 1 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 60 (GeV/c)(2) in the photon virtuality, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.1 < y < 0.7, 0.20 < z < 0.85, and W > 5 GeV/c(2) in the invariant mass of the hadronic system. The results from the sum of the z-integrated K+ and K- multiplicities at high x point to a value of the non-strange quark fragmentation function larger than obtained by the earlier DSS fit.
  •  
29.
  • Adolph, C., et al. (author)
  • Sivers asymmetry extracted in SIDIS at the hard scales of the Drell-Yan process at COMPASS
  • 2017
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 770, s. 138-145
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Eight proton transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries are extracted in four regions of the photon virtuality Q(2) from the COMPASS 2010 semi-inclusive hadron measurements in deep inelastic muon nucleon scattering. These Q(2) regions correspond to the four regions of the di-muon mass root Q(2) used in the ongoing analyses of the COMPASS Drell-Yan measurements, which allows for a future direct comparison of the nucleon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions extracted from these two alternative measurements. In addition, for the azimuthal asymmetries induced by the Sivers transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function various two-dimensional kinematic dependences are presented. The integrated Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive with an accutacy that appears to be sufficient to test the sign change of the Sivers function predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics.
  •  
30.
  • Adolphi, C., et al. (author)
  • Exclusive omega meson muoproduction on transversely polarised protons
  • 2017
  • In: Nuclear Physics B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213 .- 1873-1562. ; 915, s. 454-475
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Exclusive production of omega mesons was studied at the COMPASS experiment by scattering 160GeV/c muons off transversely polarised protons. Five single-spin and three double-spin azimuthal asymmetries were measured in the range of photon virtuality 1(GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 10(GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable 0.003 < xBj < 0.3 and transverse momentum squared of the omega meson 0.05(GeV/c)(2) < p(T)(2) < 0.5(GeV/c)(2). The measured asymmetries are sensitive to the nucleon helicity-flip Generalised Parton Distributions (GPD) Et hat are related to the orbital angular momentum of quarks, the chiral-odd GPDs H-T that are related to the transversity Parton Distribution Functions, and the sign of the pi omega transition form factor. The results are compared to recent calculations of a GPD-based model.
  •  
31.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • A search for excited neutrinos in e(-) p collisions at HERA
  • 2008
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 663:5, s. 382-389
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A search for first generation excited neutrinos is performed using the full e(-) p data sample collected by the HI experiment at HERA at a centre-of-mass energy of 319 GeV, corresponding to a total luminosity of 184 pb(-1). The electroweak decays of excited neutrinos nu* -> nu gamma, v* -> nu Z and nu* -> eW with subsequent hadronic or leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are considered. No evidence for excited neutrino production is found. Mass dependent exclusion limits on nu* production cross sections and on the ratio of the coupling to the compositeness scale f/boolean AND are derived within gauge mediated models. A limit on f/boolean AND A, independent of the relative couplings to the SU(2) and U(1) gauge bosons, is also determined. These limits extend the excluded region to higher masses than has been possible in previous excited neutrino searches. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
32.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Measurement of diffractive scattering of photons with large momentum transfer at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 672:3, s. 219-226
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The first measurement of diffractive scattering of quasi-real photons with large momentum transfer gamma p -> gamma Y, where Y is the proton dissociative system, is made using the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is performed for initial photon virtualities Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2. Single differential cross sections are Measured as a function of W, the incident photon-proton centre of mass energy, and t, the square of the four-momentum transferred at the proton vertex, in the range 175 < W < 247 GeV and 4 < |t| < 36 GeV2. The W dependence is well described by a model based on perturbative QCD using a leading logarithmic approximation of the BFKL evolution. The measured |t| dependence is harder than that predicted by the model and those observed in exclusive vector meson production. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
  •  
33.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Measurement of the proton structure function F-L(x, Q(2)) at low x
  • 2008
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 665:4, s. 139-146
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A first measurement is reported of the longitudinal proton structure function FL(X, Q(2)) at the ep collider HERA. It is based on inclusive deep inelastic e(+)p scattering cross section measurements with a positron beam energy of 27.5 GeV and proton beam energies of 920, 575 and 460 GeV. Employing the energy dependence of the cross section, FL is measured in a range of squared four-momentum transfers 12 <= Q2 <=, 90 GeV2 and low Bjorken x 0.00024 <= x <= 0.0036. The F-L values agree with higher order QCD calculations based on parton densities obtained using cross section data previously measured at HERA. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
34.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Multi-lepton production at high transverse momenta in ep collisions at HERA
  • 2008
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 668:4, s. 268-276
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Processes leading to a final state with at least two high transverse momentum leptons (electrons or muons) are studied using the full e(+/-) p data sample collected by the H1 experiment at HERA. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 463 pb(-1). Di-lepton and tri-lepton event classes are investigated. Cross sections of the production of e(+)e(-) and mu(+)mu(-) pairs are derived in a restricted phase space dominated by photon-photon collisions. In general, good agreement is found with Standard Model predictions. Events are observed with a total scalar sum of lepton transverse momenta above 100 GeV where the Standard Model expectation is low. In this region, combining di-lepton and tri-lepton classes, five events are observed in e(+) p collisions, compared to a Standard Model expectation of 0.96 +/- 0.12, while no such event is observed in e(-) p data for 0.64 +/- 0.09 expected. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
35.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Search for excited electrons in ep collisions at HERA
  • 2008
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 666:2, s. 131-139
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A search for excited electrons is performed using the full e(+/-) p data sample collected by the HI experiment at HERA, corresponding to a total luminosity of 475 pb(-1). The electroweak decays of excited electrons e* -> e gamma, e* -> eZ and e* -> vW with subsequent hadronic or leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are considered. No evidence for excited electron production is found. Mass dependent exclusion limits on e* production cross sections and on the ratio f/Lambda of the coupling to the compositeness scale are derived within gauge mediated models. These limits extend the excluded region compared to previous excited electron searches. The e* production via contact interactions is also addressed for the first time in ep collisions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
36.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Strangeness production at low Q(2) in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 61:2, s. 185-205
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The production of neutral strange hadrons is investigated using deep-inelastic scattering events measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The measurements are made in the phase space defined by the negative four-momentum transfer squared of the photon 2 < Q(2) < 100 GeV2 and the inelasticity 0.1 < y < 0.6. The K-s(0) s and Lambda((Lambda) over bar) production cross sections and their ratios are determined. K-s(0) s production is compared to the production of charged particles in the same region of phase space. The Lambda-(Lambda) over bar asymmetry is also measured and found to be consistent with zero. Predictions of leading order Monte Carlo programs are compared to the data.
  •  
37.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Study of charm fragmentation into D (* +/-) mesons in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 59:3, s. 589-606
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The process of charm quark fragmentation is studied using D (* +/-) meson production in deep-inelastic scattering as measured by the H1 detector at HERA. The parameters of fragmentation functions are extracted for QCD models based on leading order matrix elements and DGLAP or CCFM evolution of partons together with string fragmentation and particle decays. Additionally, they are determined for a next-to-leading order QCD calculation in the fixed flavour number scheme using the independent fragmentation of charm quarks to D (* +/-) mesons. Two different regions of phase space are investigated defined by the presence or absence of a jet containing the D (* +/-) meson in the event. The fragmentation parameters extracted for the two phase space regions are found to be different.
  •  
38.
  • Adolph, C., et al. (author)
  • First measurement of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons using SIDIS data
  • 2017
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 772, s. 854-864
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Sivers function describes the correlation between the transverse spin of a nucleon and the transverse motion of its partons. For quarks, it was studied in previous measurements of the azimuthal asymmetry of hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of leptons off transversely polarised nucleon targets, and it was found to be non-zero. In this letter the evaluation of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons is presented. The contribution of the photon-gluon fusion subprocess is enhanced by requiring two high transverse-momentum hadrons. The analysis method is based on a Monte Carlo simulation that includes three hard processes: photon-gluon fusion, QCD Compton scattering and the leading-order virtual-photon absorption process. The Sivers asymmetries of the three processes are simultaneously extracted using the LEPTO event generator and a neural network approach. The method is applied to samples of events containing at least two hadrons with large transverse momentum from the COMPASS data taken with a 160 GeV/c muon beam scattered off transversely polarised deuterons and protons. With a significance of about two standard deviations, a negative value is obtained for the gluon Sivers asymmetry. The result of a similar analysis for a Collins-like asymmetry for gluons is consistent with zero. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
  •  
39.
  • Adolph, C., et al. (author)
  • Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons from deep-inelastic scattering of muons off an isoscalar target
  • 2017
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 764, s. 1-10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering were measured in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y and the relative hadron energy z. Data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam and an isoscalar target ((LiD)-Li-6). They cover the kinematic domain in the photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c) 2, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.2 < z < 0.85 and 0.1 < y < 0.7. In addition, a leading-order pQCD analysis was performed using the pion multiplicity results to extract quark fragmentation functions.
  •  
40.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • A general search for new phenomena at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 674:4-5, s. 257-268
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A model-independent search for deviations from the Standard Model prediction is performed using the full e(+/-) p data sample collected by the H1 experiment at HERA. All event topologies involving isolated electrons, photons, muons, neutrinos and jets with transverse momenta above 20 GeV are investigated in a single analysis. Events are assigned to exclusive classes according to their final state. A dedicated algorithm is used to search for deviations from the Standard Model in the distributions of the scalar sum of transverse momenta or the invariant mass of final state particles and to quantify their significance. Variables related to angular distributions and energy sharing between final state particles are also introduced to study the final state topologies. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed in the phase space covered by this analysis. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
41.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • A precision measurement of the inclusive ep scattering cross section at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 64:4, s. 561-587
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A measurement of the inclusive deep inelastic neutral current e(+) p scattering cross section is reported in the region of four-momentum transfer squared, 12GeV(2) <= Q(2) <= 150 GeV2, and Bjorken x, 2 x 10(-4) <= x <= 0.1. The results are based on data collected by the H1 Collaboration at the ep collider HERA at positron and proton beam energies of E-e = 27.6 GeV and E-p = 920 GeV, respectively. The data are combined with previously published data, taken at E-p = 820 GeV. The accuracy of the combined measurement is typically in the range of 1.3-2%. A QCD analysis at next-to-leading order is performed to determine the parton distributions in the proton based on H1 data.
  •  
42.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Deeply virtual Compton scattering and its beam charge asymmetry in e(+/-)p collisions at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 681:5, s. 391-399
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A measurement of elastic deeply virtual Compton scattering gamma*p --> gamma p using e(+) p and e(-) p collision data recorded with the HI detector at HERA is presented. The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 306 pb(-1), almost equally shared between both beam charges. The cross section is measured as a function of the virtuality Q(2) of the exchanged photon and the centre-of-mass energy W of the gamma*p system in the kinematic domain 6.5 < Q(2) < 80 GeV2, 30 < W < 140 GeV and |t| < 1 GeV2, where t denotes the squared momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The cross section is determined differentially in t for different Q(2) and W values and exponential t-slope parameters are derived. Using e(+) p and e(-) p data samples, a beam charge asymmetry is extracted for the first time in the low Biorken x kinematic domain. The observed asymmetry is attributed to the interference between Bethe-Heitler and deeply virtual Compton scattering processes. Experimental results are discussed in the context of two different models, one based on generalised parton distributions and one based on the dipole approach. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
43.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Diffractive electroproduction of rho and phi mesons at HERA
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; 2010:5, s. 1-111
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Diffractive electroproduction of rho and phi mesons is measured at HERA with the H1 detector in the elastic and proton dissociative channels. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 51 pb(-1). About 10500 rho and 2000 phi events are analysed in the kinematic range of squared photon virtuality 2.5 <= Q(2) <= 60 GeV2, photon-proton centre of mass energy 35 <= W <= 180 GeV and squared four-momentum transfer to the proton vertical bar t vertical bar <= 3 GeV2. The total, longitudinal and transverse cross sections are measured as a function of Q(2), W and vertical bar t vertical bar. The measurements show a transition to a dominantly "hard" behaviour, typical of high gluon densities and small q (q) over bar dipoles, for Q(2) larger than 10 to 20 GeV2. They support flavour independence of the diffractive exchange, expressed in terms of the scaling variable (Q(2) + M-V(2))/4, and proton vertex factorisation. The spin density matrix elements are measured as a function of kinematic variables. The ratio of the longitudinal to transverse cross sections, the ratio of the helicity amplitudes and their relative phases are extracted. Several of these measurements have not been performed before and bring new information on the dynamics of diffraction in a QCD framework. The measurements are discussed in the context of models using generalised parton distributions or universal dipole cross sections.
  •  
44.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Jet production in ep collisions at high Q(2) and determination of alpha(s)
  • 2010
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 65:3-4, s. 363-383
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The production of jets is studied in deep-inelastic e(+/-) p scattering at large negative four momentum transfer squared 150 < Q(2) < 15000 GeV2 using HERA data taken in 1999-2007, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 395 pb(-1). Inclusive jet, 2-jet and 3-jet cross sections, normalised to the neutral current deep-inelastic scattering cross sections, are measured as functions of Q(2), jet transverse momentum and proton momentum fraction. The measurements are well described by perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order corrected for hadronisation effects. The strong coupling as determined from these measurements
  •  
45.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Measurement of isolated photon production in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
  • 2008
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 54:3, s. 371-387
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The production of isolated photons in deep-inelastic scattering ep -> e gamma X is measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is performed in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared 4 < Q(2)< 150 GeV2 and a mass of the hadronic system W-X > 50 GeV. The analysis is based on a total integrated luminosity of 227 pb(-1). The production cross section of isolated photons with a transverse energy in the range 3 < E-T(gamma)< 10 GeV and pseudorapidity range -1.2
  •  
46.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Measurement of the charm and beauty structure functions using the H1 vertex detector at HERA
  • 2010
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 65:1-2, s. 89-109
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Inclusive charm and beauty cross sections are measured in e (-) p and e (+) p neutral current collisions at HERA in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 5a parts per thousand currency signQ (2)a parts per thousand currency sign2000 GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 0.0002a parts per thousand currency signxa parts per thousand currency sign0.05. The data were collected with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 189 pb(-1). The numbers of charm and beauty events are determined using variables reconstructed by the H1 vertex detector including the impact parameter of tracks to the primary vertex and the position of the secondary vertex. The measurements are combined with previous data and compared to QCD predictions.
  •  
47.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Observation of the hadronic final state charge asymmetry in high Q(2) deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 681:2, s. 125-133
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A first measurement is presented of the charge asymmetry in the hadronic final state from the hard interaction in deep-inelastic ep neutral current scattering at HERA. The measurement is performed in the range of negative squared four momentum transfer 100 < Q(2) < 8000 GeV2. The difference between the event normalised distributions of the scaled momentum, x(p), for positively and negatively charged particles, measured in the current region of the Breit frame, is studied together with its evolution as a function of Q. The results are compared to Monte Carlo models at the hadron and parton levels. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
48.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Search for excited quarks in ep collisions at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 678:4, s. 335-343
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A search for excited quarks is performed using the full e(+/-)p data sample collected by the HI experiment at HERA, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 475 pb(-1). The electroweak decays of excited quarks q* -> q gamma. q* -> qZ and q* - qW with Subsequent hadronic or leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are considered. No evidence for first generation excited quark production is found. Mass dependent exclusion limits on q* production cross sections and on the ratio f/Lambda of the coupling to the compositeness scale are derived Within gauge mediated models. These limits extend the excluded region compared to previous excited quark searches. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
49.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Search for single top quark production at HERA
  • 2009
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 678:5, s. 450-458
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A search for single top quark production is performed in the full e(+/-)p data sample collected by the H1 experiment at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 474 pb(-1). Decays of top quarks into a b quark and a W boson with Subsequent leptonic or hadronic decay of the W are investigated. A multivariate analysis is performed to discriminate top quark production from Standard Model background processes. An upper limit on the top quark production cross section via flavour changing neutral current processes sigma(ep -> et X) < 0.25 pb is established at 95% CL. Limits on the anomalous coupling K-tu gamma are derived. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
50.
  • Aaron, F. D., et al. (author)
  • Three- and four-jet production at low x at HERA
  • 2008
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 54:3, s. 389-409
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Three- and four-jet production is measured in deep-inelastic ep scattering at low x and Q(2) with the H1 detector using an integrated luminosity of 44.2 pb(-1). Several phase space regions are selected for the three-jet analysis in order to study the underlying parton dynamics from global topologies to the more restrictive regions of forward jets close to the proton direction. The measurements of cross sections for events with at least three jets are compared to fixed order QCD predictions of O(alpha(2)(s)) and O(alpha(3)(s)) and with Monte Carlo simulation programs where higher order effects are approximated by parton showers. A good overall description is provided by the O(alpha(3)(s)) calculation. Too few events are predicted at the lowest x similar to 10(-4), especially for topologies with two forward jets. This hints to large contributions at low x from initial state radiation of gluons close to the proton direction and unordered in transverse momentum. The Monte Carlo program in which gluon radiation is generated by the colour dipole model gives a good description of both the three- and the four-jet data in absolute normalisation and shape.
  •  
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