| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Singh, Sachin Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Soil erosion control from trash residues at varying land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions
- 2023
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In: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. - 1551-0018. ; 20:6, s. 11403-11428
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trash mulches are remarkably effective in preventing soil erosion, reducing runoff-sediment transport-erosion, and increasing infiltration. The study was carried out to observe the sediment outflow from sugar cane leaf (trash) mulch treatments at selected land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions using a rainfall simulator of size 10 m × 1.2 m × 0.5 m with the locally available soil material collected from Pantnagar. In the present study, trash mulches with different quantities were selected to observe the effect of mulching on soil loss reduction. The number of mulches was taken as 6, 8 and 10 t/ha, three rainfall intensities viz. 11, 13 and 14.65 cm/h at 0, 2 and 4% land slopes were selected. The rainfall duration was fixed (10 minutes) for every mulch treatment. The total runoff volume varied with mulch rates for constant rainfall input and land slope. The average sediment concentration (SC) and sediment outflow rate (SOR) increased with the increasing land slope. However, SC and outflow decreased with the increasing mulch rate for a fixed land slope and rainfall intensity. The SOR for no mulch-treated land was higher than trash mulch-treated lands. Mathematical relationships were developed for relating SOR, SC, land slope, and rainfall intensity for a particular mulch treatment. It was observed that SOR and average SC values correlated with rainfall intensity and land slope for each mulch treatment. The developed models' correlation coefficients were more than 90%.
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| 3. |
- Nadda, Ashok Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Chemistry of CO2-phillic materials in enzyme-based hybrid interfacial systems : Implications, strategies and applications
- 2023
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In: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 250
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a variety of sources, such as transportation, fossil fuel burning, and cement manufacturing facilities, are widely regarded to be the root cause of global warming. The rising CO2 levels call for immediate improvements in CO2 capture, extraction, and utilization technology. Methods for capturing and converting CO2 into useful products have included the use of microbial enzymes, nonporous materials, metal -organic frameworks (MOFs), chemicals, and hybrid membranes. However, these methods possess limitations that make the scale up and commercialization challenging. Scientists are concentrating on maximizing CO2 utilization by incorporating CO2-philic components into enzyme-chemical-material combinations, due to the high solubility of CO2. Here, the focus is on the chemistry of CO2-phillic materials, enzymes and biomolecules engaged in CO2 conversion, and the hybrid micro-reactors that contain material and enzymes integrating together to convert the CO2 into value-added products (organic acids, bioelectricity, carbonates, carbamates, methane, methanol, etc.). The difficulties and obstacles inherent in creating and sustaining such systems have also been highlighted.
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| 4. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(author)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 5. |
- Gahlawat, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Structure-Based Virtual Screening to Discover Potential Lead Molecules for the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.
- 2020
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In: Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9596 .- 1549-960X. ; 60:12, s. 5781-5793
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 disease is caused by a new strain of the coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), and it has affected at present millions of people all over the world. The indispensable role of the main protease (Mpro) in viral replication and gene expression makes this enzyme an attractive drug target. Therefore, inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as a proposition to halt virus ingression is being pursued by scientists globally. Here we carried out a study with two objectives: the first being to perform comparative protein sequence and 3D structural analysis to understand the effect of 12 point mutations on the active site. Among these, two mutations, viz., Ser46 and Phe134, were found to cause a significant change at the active sites of SARS-CoV-2. The Ser46 mutation present at the entrance of the S5 subpocket of SARS-CoV-2 increases the contribution of other two hydrophilic residues, while the Phe134 mutation, present in the catalytic cysteine loop, can cause an increase in catalytic efficiency of Mpro by facilitating fast proton transfer from the Cys145 to His41 residue. It was observed that active site remained conserved among Mpro of both SARS-CoVs, except at the entrance of the S5 subpocket, suggesting sustenance of substrate specificity. The second objective was to screen the inhibitory effects of three different data sets (natural products, coronaviruses main protease inhibitors, and FDA-approved drugs) using a structure-based virtual screening approach. A total of 73 hits had a combo score >2.0. Eight different structural scaffold classes were identified, such as one/two tetrahydropyran ring(s), dipeptide/tripeptide/oligopeptide, large (approximately 20 atoms) cyclic peptide, and miscellaneous. The screened hits showed key interactions with subpockets of the active site. Further, molecular dynamics studies of selected screened compounds confirmed their perfect fitting into the subpockets of the active site. This study suggests promising structures that can fit into the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro active site and also offers direction for further lead optimization and rational drug design.
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| 6. |
- Kumar, Rohitashw, et al.
(author)
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A review on emerging water contaminants and the application of sustainable removal technologies
- 2022
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In: Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2666-0164. ; 6
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Emerging contaminants (ECs) are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals or any microorganisms that are not commonly monitored in the environment but have the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological or human health effects. The issue of ECs persistent in the environment and can disrupt the physiology of target receptors, they are recognized as Contaminants of emerging environmental concerns. The prominent classes of ECs include pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), plasticizers, surfactants, fire retardants, nanomaterials, and pesticides. Several ECs have been recognized as endocrine disruptive compounds (EDCs) due to their deleterious effects on endocrine systems (EDCs). The contaminants present in the aquatic environment resources are a major cause of concern for human health and the environment and safety concern. These contaminations have risen into a major threat to the water distribution system. The impact of emerging contaminants (ECs) such as medicines, x-ray media, endocrine disruptors, insecticides, and personal care items has been reported in surface water, wastewater, and groundwater sources worldwide in recent years. Various techniques have been explored for ECs degradation and removal to mitigate their harmful effect. Numerous prior or continuing investigations have focused on the degradation and removal of contaminants using a variety of treatment techniques, including (1) physical, (2) chemical, and (3) biological. However, experimental data is insufficient to provide precise predictions regarding the mechanistic degradation and removal fate of ECs across various in-practice systems. The membrane technology can remove particles as fine as 10 μm and colloidal particles, It can be effectively eliminated by up to 99% through the use of MBR and treatment technologies such as reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, or nanofiltration at concentrations up to 5 g/liter. In this paper, the emerging contaminants overview, their sources, and their removal by application of various treatments based on recent studies have been presented.
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| 7. |
- Sharma, Rohit, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Water Pollution Using Different Physicochemical Parameters : A Study of Yamuna River
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - USA : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-665X. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Yamuna river has become one of the most polluted rivers in India as well as in the world because of the high-density population growth and speedy industrialization. The Yamuna river is severely polluted and needs urgent revival. The Yamuna river in Dehradun is polluted due to exceptional tourist activity, poor sewage facilities, and insufficient wastewater management amenities. The measurement of the quality can be done by water quality assessment. In this study, the water quality index has been calculated for the Yamuna river at Dehradun using monthly measurements of 12 physicochemical parameters. Trend forecasting for river water pollution has been performed using different parameters for the years 2020–2024 at Dehradun. The study shows that the values of four parameters namely, Temperature, Total Coliform, TDS, and Hardness are increasing yearly, whereas the values of pH and DO are not rising heavily. The considered physicochemical parameters for the study are TDS, Chlorides, Alkalinity, DO, Temperature, COD, BOD, pH, Magnesium, Hardness, Total Coliform, and Calcium. As per the results and trend analysis, the value of total coliform, temperature, and hardness are rising year by year, which is a matter of concern. The values of the considered physicochemical parameters have been monitored using various monitoring stations installed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India.
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| 8. |
- Tienaho, Jenni, et al.
(author)
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Valorizing Assorted Logging Residues : Response Surface Methodology in the Extraction Optimization of a Green Norway Spruce Needle-Rich Fraction To Obtain Valuable Bioactive Compounds
- 2024
-
In: ACS sustainable resource management. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2837-1445. ; 1:2, s. 237-249
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During stemwood harvesting, substantial volumes of logging residues are produced as a side stream. Nevertheless, industrially feasible processing methods supporting their use for other than energy generation purposes are scarce. Thus, the present study focuses on biorefinery processing, employing response surface methodology to optimize the pressurized extraction of industrially assorted needle-rich spruce logging residues with four solvents. Eighteen experimental points, including eight center point replicates, were used to optimize the extraction temperature (40–135 °C) and time (10–70 min). The extraction optimization for water, water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and aqueous ethanol was performed using yield, total dissolved solids (TDS), antioxidant activity (FRAP, ORAC), antibacterial properties (E. coli, S. aureus), total phenolic content (TPC), condensed tannin content, and degree of polymerization. For limonene, evaluated responses were yield, TDS, antioxidant activity (CUPRAC, DPPH), and TPC. Desirability surfaces were created using the responses showing a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.7, statistical significance (p ≀ 0.05), precision > 4, and statistically insignificant lack-of-fit (p > 0.1). The optimal extraction conditions were 125 °C and 68 min for aqueous ethanol, 120 °C and 10 min for water, 111 °C and 49 min for water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and 134 °C and 41 min for limonene. The outcomes contribute insights to industrial logging residue utilization for value-added purposes.
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| 9. |
- Amiandamhen, Stephen, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden: A state of the art review
- 2020
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In: BioResources. - : University of North Carolina Press. - 1930-2126. ; 15:4, s. 9834-9857
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the continual desire to reduce the environmental footprints of human activities, research efforts to provide cleaner energy is increasingly becoming vital. The effect of climate change on present and future existence, sustainable processes, and utilizations of renewable resources have been active topics within international discourse. In order to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions from traditional materials and processes, there has been a shift to more environmental friendly alternatives. The conversion of biomass to bioenergy, including biofuels has been considered to contribute to the future of climate change mitigation, although there are concerns about carbon balance from forest utilization. Bioenergy accounts for more than one-third of all energy used in Sweden and biomass has provided about 60% of the fuel for district heating. Apart from heat and electricity supply, the transport sector, with about 30% of global energy use, has a significant role in a sustainable bioenergy system. This review presents the state of the art in the Swedish bioenergy sector based on literature and Swedish Energy Agency’s current statistics. The review also discusses the overall bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden. The current potential, challenges, and environmental considerations of bioenergy production are also discussed.
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| 10. |
- Hemmilä, Venla, et al.
(author)
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Development of sustainable bio-adhesives for engineered wood panels : A Review
- 2017
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 7:61, s. 38604-38630
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Changes in both formaldehyde legislations and voluntary requirements (e.g. Germany RAL) are currently the driving factors behind research on alternatives to amino-based adhesives; moreover, consumer interest in healthy and sustainable products is increasing in bio-based adhesives. Sources of formaldehyde emissions in wood-based panels as well as different emission test methods have been discussed, and the main focus of this review is on the research conducted on sustainable bio-based adhesive systems for wood panels. Lignin, tannin, protein, and starch have been evaluated as both raw materials and adhesive alternatives to existing amino-based thermosetting adhesives. Adhesion improving modifications of these bio-based raw materials as well as the available and experimental crosslinkers have also been taken into account.
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| 11. |
- Hemmilä, Venla, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Development of sustainable bio-adhesives for engineered wood panels – A review
- 2017
-
In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 7:61, s. 38604-38630
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Changes in both formaldehyde legislations and voluntary requirements (e.g. Germany RAL) are currently the driving factors behind research on alternatives to amino-based adhesives; moreover, consumer interest in healthy and sustainable products is increasing in bio-based adhesives. Sources of formaldehyde emissions in wood-based panels as well as different emission test methods have been discussed, and the main focus of this review is on the research conducted on sustainable bio-based adhesive systems for wood panels. Lignin, tannin, protein, and starch have been evaluated as both raw materials and adhesive alternatives to existing amino-based thermosetting adhesives. Adhesion improving modifications of these bio-based raw materials as well as the available and experimental crosslinkers have also been taken into account.
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| 12. |
- Jiang, Wen, et al.
(author)
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Liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials and its applications in wood adhesives — A review
- 2018
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In: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 124, s. 325-342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Liquefaction, a useful method of turning whole biomass into liquids, provides advantages for energy andpolymers and finds applications in many sectors. This paper reviews the different liquefaction technologies andrecent advances in the development of sustainable wood adhesives. Current liquefaction technologies includehydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and moderate acid-catalyzed liquefaction (MACL). HTL produces bio-oils asprimary products, and solid residues and gases as by-products. MACL depends on the solvent types used, whichare grouped to polyhydric alcohols and phenols. Bio-polyols from alcohol liquefaction, phenolated biomass fromphenol liquefaction and phenolic compounds rich-HTL bio-oils have been used in the production of liquefiedbiomass-based adhesives, which have shown competitive properties but face challenges for industrial uses. Yet, abetter understanding of reaction pathways and optimization of the liquefaction processes is needed.
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| 13. |
- Katsyv, Alexander., et al.
(author)
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Molecular Basis of the Electron Bifurcation Mechanism in the [FeFe]- Hydrogenase Complex HydABC
- 2023
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 145:10, s. 5696-5709
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electron bifurcation is a fundamental energy coupling mechanism widespread in microorganisms that thrive under anoxic conditions. These organisms employ hydrogen to reduce CO2, but the molecular mechanisms have remained enigmatic. The key enzyme responsible for powering these thermodynamically challenging reactions is the electron-bifurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenase HydABC that reduces low-potential ferredoxins (Fd) by oxidizing hydrogen gas (H2). By combining single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) under catalytic turnover conditions with site-directed mutagenesis experiments, functional studies, infrared spectroscopy, and molecular simulations, we show that HydABC from the acetogenic bacteria Acetobacterium woodii and Thermoanaerobacter kivui employ a single flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor to establish electron transfer pathways to the NAD(P)+ and Fd reduction sites by a mechanism that is fundamentally different from classical flavin-based electron bifurcation enzymes. By modulation of the NAD(P)+ binding affinity via reduction of a nearby iron–sulfur cluster, HydABC switches between the exergonic NAD(P)+ reduction and endergonic Fd reduction modes. Our combined findings suggest that the conformational dynamics establish a redox-driven kinetic gate that prevents the backflow of the electrons from the Fd reduction branch toward the FMN site, providing a basis for understanding general mechanistic principles of electron-bifurcating hydrogenases.
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| 14. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Forest Biomass Availability and Utilization Potential in Sweden : A Review
- 2021
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In: Waste and Biomass Valorization. - : Springer. - 1877-2641 .- 1877-265X. ; 12:1, s. 65-80
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a growing interest in many parts of the world for more effective biomass utilization due to legislative and public interest in sustainable development. Whilst much of the effort has been on energy generation from biomass, there is considerable interest on biomass availability and utilization for other end uses. With about 1% of the world’s commercial forest areas, Sweden provides about 10% of the sawnwood, and pulp and paper that is traded on the global market. The Swedish agricultural sector also contributes to biomass availability, not only by production of sustainable food crops, but also by utilizing side streams and underutilized land for biomaterial purposes. To meet the challenges that climate change presents, there has to be a shift to sustainable biomass production and increased interest in promoting a circular bioeconomy. This review presents a systematic assessment on the availability of biomass and its utilization potential in Sweden. The review also focuses on biomass production and trade in the Swedish forest industry. In addition, the environmental impact of biomass utilization is discussed.
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| 15. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Hydrophobic treatment of wood fibrous thermal insulator by octadecyltrichlorosilane and its influence on hygric properties and resistance against moulds
- 2016
-
In: Composites Part B. - : Elsevier. - 1359-8368 .- 1879-1069. ; 106, s. 285-293
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The natural fibrous materials are widely used as thermal insulator for building application. The thermal insulating performance of natural fibrous material are affecting by the high humidity and temperature. Due to high moisture in natural fibrous insulators, they are very susceptible for microorganisms attack as well as the reduction in the thermal insulating properties. In this work, hydrophobic surface treatment was given to the wood fibrous insulator using octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The deposition of OTS monolayers on wood fibers surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and water contact angle of wood fibers measured by sessile drop method. The influence of hydrophobic treatment on hygric properties of wood fibrous insulator was characterized using especially designed double-climatic set-up. The effectiveness of hydrophobic treated wood fibers towards mould fungi growth was also examined. The hydrophobic treatment improved the hygric properties and effectiveness towards mould significantly.
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| 16. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Hydrophobicity and resistance against microorganisms of heat and chemically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous membranes
- 2019
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In: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 360, s. 788-796
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water-soluble, semi-ionic and biocompatible polymer with excellent chemical and thermal stability. The chemical crosslinking of PVA membrane improve its stability towards humidity and water. In the present work, PVA nanofibrous membranes were fabricated using roller electrospinning techniques. The prepared membranes were crosslinked by heat treatment, glutaraldehyde dipping, and glutaraldehyde vapour. Furthermore, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treatment was used for hydrophobization of the crosslinked membranes. The prepared crosslinked membranes were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The hydrophobization of PVA nanofibrous membranes were analysed by employing optical goniometer and auto-dynamic vapour sorption (AVS) techniques. Further, the PVA membranes were tested against algae and mould growth at in-vitro laboratory conditions. The SEM and FTIR results revealed significant differences in the morphology of the PVA nanofibrous membranes and in chemical bond formation due to crosslinking treatments. Water contact angle and AVS data confirmed a hydrophobization of PVA membranes by the treatments.
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| 17. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Influence of liquefied wood polyol on the physical-mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy based polymer
- 2017
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In: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 64, s. 207-216
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epoxy resins are mostly produced from petroleum-based bisphenol A and epicholorhydrin. Bisphenol A is synthesized from non-renewable petroleum-based phenol and acetone. Biomass derived epoxy-based polymers (EBPs) are becoming the most promising alternative for petroleum-based counterparts, but still these biomass-based EBPs have inferior properties. In the present work, two types of epoxy resins were prepared with different weight percentages of resin (bisphenol A) and hardener. They were then modified with different weight percentages of liquefied wood from spruce sawdust. The derived EBPs were analysed in terms of tensile strength and tensile modulus, fractured surface morphology, thermal stability, long-term water adsorption and resistance to brown-rot fungus decay. The results revealed that the percentages of hardener and liquefied wood significantly influenced the overall properties of the EBPs.
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| 18. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Influence of surface modification of wood with octadecyltrichlorosilane on its dimensional stability and resistance against Coniophora puteana and molds
- 2016
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In: Cellulose. - : Springer. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 23, s. 3249-3263
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A relatively new approach for wood protection against fungal decay is based on hydrophobization of wood and on lowering its moisture content. Water repellence of wood can be increased by polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in wood cell walls. It was found that Norway spruce wood after treatment with octadecyltrichlorosilane exhibited reduced water uptake by the wood cell walls, lowered water vapour sorption, and significantly increased dimensional stability of wood in terms of anti-swelling efficiency. Hydrophobicity and lower equilibrium moisture content were shown to cause increased resistance of the treated samples against brown-rot decay and molds.
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| 19. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Liquefied-Wood-Based Polyurethane–Nanosilica Hybrid Coatings and Hydrophobization by Self-Assembled Monolayers of Orthotrichlorosilane (OTS)
- 2015
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In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - USA : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 3:10, s. 2533-2541
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have produced hybrid liquefied-wood-based polyurethane (LW-PU) and LW-PU/nanosilica hybrid coatings for wood substrates. The prepared hybrid polyurethane coatings were hydrophobized by self-assembled monolayers of orthotrichlorosilane (OTS) via a sol–gel dipping process. The nanosilica addition into the LW-PU system enhanced the physical properties of coatings like surface hardness and stability toward cold liquids. The OTS hydrophobized coatings were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface became hydrophobic as the contact angle (CA) for the water droplet on a modified hybrid coating was ∼115° and very stable. The FTIR, SEM, and EDS analysis confirmed the formation of OTS monolayers on hybrid coatings.
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| 20. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Resistance of bamboo scrimber against white-rot and brown-rot fungi
- 2020
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In: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 15:1, s. 57-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bamboo scrimber is one of the most emerging structural materials for future building applications andit possesses properties comparable to other natural wood-based engineered materials such as glulam,laminated veneer lumber and cross-laminated timber. The goal of this work was to study the decayresistance of bamboo scrimber against white-rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungi (Serpulalacrymans). Bamboo scrimber samples were incubated in petri dishes with the wood-decaying fungiand the weight loss after 12 weeks was measured. The surface morphology of fungal-degradedbamboo scrimber was evaluated using optical microscopy. Based on the percentage weight loss,bamboo scrimber could be classified as highly resistant against bio-deterioration by white andbrown-rot fungi.
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| 21. |
- Kumar, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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Surface modification of Norway spruce wood by octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) nanosol by dipping and water vapour diffusion properties of the OTS-modified wood
- 2018
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In: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 72:1, s. 45-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present research deals with a simple dipping method to insert octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) into cell walls of spruce wood and to deposit OTS layers on its inner and outer surfaces. Distribution and chemical interactions of OTS with wood polymers has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The OTS/n-hexane solution penetrated into wood via capillary forces through ray tracheids and bordered pits and was deposited as OTS organic-inorganic layers on wood cell walls. The hypothesis is supported by the results, according to which the OTS molecules are hydrolysed by the wood moisture and by free OH groups of the cell wall components. The hydrolysed OTS molecules react with the OH groups and elevate the hydrophobicity of wood.
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| 22. |
- Mahindra, Anuj, et al.
(author)
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New Cancers after Autotransplantations for Multiple Myeloma
- 2015
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In: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 21:4, s. 738-745
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe baseline incidence and risk factors for new cancers in 4161 persons receiving autotransplants for multiple myeloma in the United States from 1990 to 2010. Observed incidence of invasive new cancers was compared with expected incidence relative to the US population. The cohort represented 13,387 person-years at-risk. In total, 163 new cancers were observed, for a crude incidence rate of 1.2 new cancers per 100 person-years and cumulative incidences of 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.09 to 3.17), 4.2% (95% CI, 3.49 to 5.00), and 6.1% (95% CI, 5.08 to 7.24) at 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. The incidence of new cancers in the autotransplantation cohort was similar to age-, race-, and gender-adjusted comparison subjects with an observed/expected (O/E) ratio of 1.00 (99% CI, .81 to 1.22). However, acute myeloid leukemia and melanoma were observed at higher than expected rates with O/E ratios of 5.19 (99% CI, 1.67 to 12.04; P = .0004), and 3.58 (99% CI, 1.82 to 6.29; P < .0001), respectively. Obesity, older age, and male gender were associated with increased risks of new cancers in multivariate analyses. This large data set provides a baseline for comparison and defines the histologic type specific risk for new cancers in patients with MM receiving postautotransplantation therapies, such as maintenance.
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| 23. |
- van Zuydam, Natalie R., et al.
(author)
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Genetic Predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- 2020
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In: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 2574-8300. ; 13:6, s. 640-648
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is accelerated in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).METHODS: To test whether this reflects differential genetic influences on CAD risk in subjects with T2D, we performed a systematic assessment of genetic overlap between CAD and T2D in 66 643 subjects (27 708 with CAD and 24 259 with T2D). Variants showing apparent association with CAD in stratified analyses or evidence of interaction were evaluated in a further 117 787 subjects (16 694 with CAD and 11 537 with T2D).RESULTS: None of the previously characterized CAD loci was found to have specific effects on CAD in T2D individuals, and a genome-wide interaction analysis found no new variants for CAD that could be considered T2D specific. When we considered the overall genetic correlations between CAD and its risk factors, we found no substantial differences in these relationships by T2D background.CONCLUSIONS: This study found no evidence that the genetic architecture of CAD differs in those with T2D compared with those without T2D.
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| 24. |
- Verkasalo, Erkki, et al.
(author)
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Extractives of Stemwood and Sawmill Residues of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for Biorefining in Four Climatic Regions in Finland-Phenolic and Resin Acid Compounds
- 2021
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In: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 12:2, s. 1-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to identify and quantify phenolic and resin acid extractive compounds in Scots pine stemwood and sawmill residues in four climatic regions of Finland to evaluate their most optimal sources for bio-based chemical biorefining and bioenergy products. The sample consisted of 140 trees from 28 stands, and sawdust lots from 11 log stands. NMR for the overall extractive analysis and HPLC for the quantitative estimation of phenolic and resin acid compounds were employed. Correlation analysis, multivariate factor analysis, principle component analysis and multiple linear regression modelling were applied for statistical analysis. HPLC identified 12 extractive compounds and NMR five more resin acids. Pinosylvin (PS), pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSMME), and partly neolignans/lignans occurred in the largest concentrations. Wood type caused the most variation, heartwood having larger concentrations than sapwood (sawdust between them). Regional differences in the concentrations were smaller, but factor analysis distinguished the northern and the southern regions into their own groups. The results indicated higher concentrations of PS, PSMME, and vanillic acid in southern regions and those of, e.g., PSMME glycoside, lignan 2, and neolignan 1 in northern regions. The rather low concentrations of extractives in stemwood and sawdust imply value-added products, efficient sorting and/or large raw material volumes.
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