1. |
- Alricsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity, health, BMI and body complaints in high school students
- 2008
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In: Minerva Pediatrica. - 0026-4946 .- 1827-1715. ; 60:1, s. 19-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: Children and adolescents in the industrial world are becoming lessphysically active and are adopting a sedentary lifestyle in front of computersand TV. The aim of the present investigation was to determine self-relatedhealth, physical activity, prevalence of overweight and body complaints inhigh school students in Norway, and to compare students in academicprograms with those in vocational programs. METHODS: Seven hundred andtwo high school students aged 16-19 years were included in the study. Aquestionnaire was completed in three high schools and included questionsabout weight and height, health, physical activity, type of physicalactivity/sport, intensity, possible injuries or complaints during the last threemonths. RESULTS: Twenty three percent of the students suffers fromoverweight/obesity are at risk of being overweight. Males reported betterhealth than females (P<0.02). Sixty-six percent of the study group reportedbody complaints during the last three months, a higher number of femalesthan males (P=0.001). Students in vocational programs reported poorer selfrelatedhealth than those in academic programs and the males reportedbetter self-related health generally than females. Furthermore, there were ahigher level of prevalence of overweight students in vocational programsthan academic programs (P=0.039). CONCLUSION: It is important to make iteasy for school children and adolescents to do physical activity at school andduring leisure time in order to prevent overweight and obesity as well aschronic diseases later in life.
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2. |
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3. |
- Alricsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Self-related health, physical activity and complaints in Swedish high school students
- 2006
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In: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 6, s. 816-826
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this investigation was to study self-related health, physical activity and level of exertion, as well as body complaints in Swedish high school students. A total of 993 high school students aged 16–19 years participated in the study. A questionnaire was completed at school and included questions about self-related health, physical activity behavior, type of physical activity/sport, intensity, duration, possible injuries or complaints, and absence from physical training at school, during the last 3 months. The results showed that 26% of the high school students participated in sports on a regular basis. Males reported significantly better health than females (p < 0.0005). A significantly higher number of females participated in physical activities at a lower level of effort (p < 0.0005) and a higher number of males trained at a higher level of effort (p < 0.005). Sixty-one percent reported body pain during the last 3 months, representing a higher number of females than males (p = 0.03). A higher number of females than males reported complaints from the back (p = 0.002), the knees (p = 0.015), the neck (p = 0.001), and the hip (p = 0.015). Females with body complaints reported poorer health than those without complaints. There was a correlation between poor self-related health and a lower level of physical effort (0.219; p < 0.001). The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was high in this population and demonstrated a certain association with self-related health. Therefore, it is important to make it easy for adolescents to perform physical activity at school and during their leisure time in order to prevent chronic diseases.
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4. |
- Andersen-Hollekim, Tone E., et al.
(author)
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Patient participation in the clinical pathway : Nurses' perceptions of adults' involvement in haemodialysis
- 2019
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In: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 6:2, s. 574-582
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To develop knowledge of nurses' perceptions of participation for patients treated with haemodialysis and their next of kin.Design: A qualitative study with a hermeneutic approach.Methods: The data were collected in 2015 through focus groups with 13 nurses in Central Norway.Results: The nurses reported that patient participation ranging from non-involvement to shared decision-making was related to whether dialysis was initiated as acute or scheduled. The restrictions required in chronic haemodialysis limited participation. The next of kin were not involved. The nurses highlighted interventions on both the individual and system levels to strengthen participation.Conclusion: Dialysis units should develop strategies for participation related to individual needs and design treatment in cooperation with patients and their families, ensuring involvement early in the clinical pathway. Further research is needed on issues related to next of kin, including their desired level of involvement.
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5. |
- Andersen-Hollekim, Tone, et al.
(author)
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Narratives of patient participation in haemodialysis
- 2020
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In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 29:13/14, s. 2293-2305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim and objective: To explore how working-age adults experience patient participation in hospital haemodialysis. Background: End-stage kidney disease is a progressive, chronic condition imposing patients with high treatment burdens and low health-related quality of life. Patients face multiple medical decisions related to living with kidney failure. Given their frequent interaction with health services, patient participation may be of special value. Design: Qualitative design with a narrative approach. Methods: In 2018, eleven patients aged 35–64 years undergoing hospital haemodialysis participated in individual interviews. All interviews were analysed using a narrative approach. Reporting followed the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Findings: The patients’ narratives of participation comprised three themes following their healthcare trajectory: Informed, but not involved in treatment choices; Duality of care and control; and Frail trust reflecting collaborative deficiencies. The patients received good information about dialysis, but were not involved in choice of treatment modality. Professional work, as well as the nature of treatment, contributed to restricted patient autonomy. Patients’ trust suffered from collaborative deficiency generating delays in their treatment trajectories, and patients extended their responsibility into the coordination of transitions as a way of coping with these issues. Conclusions: The study identified challenges related to patient involvement and interdisciplinary collaboration. Involving patients through dialogue and acknowledging their experiences, preferences and lifestyles may strengthen the mutual patient–professional understanding of treatment. Despite increased focus on seamless trajectories, patients face obstacles regarding interdisciplinary collaboration and coordination of health services. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings indicate a want of individually customised care for people requiring dialysis. Patients need to be involved in the choice of treatment modality as well as decisions related to the current treatment. Information must include potential consequences of the different treatment modalities. Health services need to strengthen collaboration in order to secure treatment continuity and patient involvement.
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6. |
- Andersen-Hollekim, Tone, et al.
(author)
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Nephrologists’ experiences with patient participation when long-term dialysis is required
- 2021
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In: BMC Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2369. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: For individuals in need of dialysis, patient participation is important when determining care goals and in decision making regarding dialysis modality. Nephrologists hold a key role in delivering evidence-based healthcare that integrates patient preferences and values throughout the trajectory, and their experiences with patient participation are important for improving health care. The aim of this study was to explore nephrologists’ experiences with patient participation in different phases of the end-stage renal disease trajectory for working-age individuals who require dialysis. Methods: This explorative study comprised interviews with ten nephrologists from four different dialysis units in Central Norway. We analysed the interviews by applying an interpretive phenomenological approach. Results: Nephrologists had varied experiences with patient participation throughout the different phases of the treatment trajectory. During decision making on the dialysis modality, nephrologists emphasised patients’ choices in two approaches. In the first approach, they expected patients to choose the modality based on the provided information, which could be actively steered. In the second approach, they recognised the patients’ values and lifestyle preferences through shared decision-making. Within hospital haemodialysis, nephrologists considered patients’ self-care activities equivalent to patient participation, seeing self-care as a source of patient empowerment. They identified divergent patient–professional values and organisational structures as barriers to patient participation. Conclusion: Our study shows that nephrologists have different approaches to patient participation in different phases of the end-stage renal disease trajectory. Individual understanding as well as organisational structures are important factors to address to increase patient participation in end-stage renal disease care. Shared decision making, in which patient values are balanced against biomedical treatment targets, allows for mutual agreement between patients and healthcare professionals concerning medical plans and minimises the potential for patient–professional tensions.
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7. |
- Augustsson, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Utilization of Consultant Doctors’ Competence and Impact on Perceived Psychosocial Work Environment : A Pilot Study
- 2017
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In: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 9, s. 189-207
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Work agencies that assign temporary jobs to doctors and nurses are becoming an increasing phenomenon. Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore how consultant doctors (CDs) experience their competence as utilized in practice and what impact this has on their perceived psychosocial work environment. Methods: The findings are based on 11 interviews with CDs working on consultancy assignments in Norway. The CDs were all specialists in fields such as general practice, psychiatry, anesthesia, gynecology, orthopedics, and otolaryngology. Results: The competence that the CDs contributed to their hosting work organization was interpreted differently based on whether the consultant played an active role in the psychosocial work environment and also depended on the doctor’s specialty. Not being integrated into the hosting work organization enhanced the feeling of exclusion and the idea that little or no room was available to contribute one’s competence. Most of the CDs experienced their competence as being utilized to a certain extent, which strengthened their work satisfaction and feeling of playing an active role in the psychosocial work environment.
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8. |
- Brulin, Emma, et al.
(author)
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An impaired learning environment : Resident physicians’ experience of the transition to pandemic care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Extensive studies regarding the COVID-19 pandemic have shown negative effects on physicians-in-training. Besides a high workload, their learning environment has been affected. A quality learning environment is vital for residents’ physician’s clinical development and also their health. Nevertheless, few studies have explored this. The aim of this study was to explore resident physicians’ experiences of transition to pandemic care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Method: In this qualitative study, 12 Swedish resident physicians were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. They were interviewed between June and October of 2020 and asked to reflect on the pandemic and, more specifically, the first wave. The empirical material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in one theme and four categories. Results: The theme identified was An impaired learning environment which signifies the disruptions the resident physicians experienced during the first wave of the pandemic. The four categories, Professional role insecurity, High expectations but little influence, Stagnant clinical development, and Professional growth through experience, describe in what way the learning environment was impacted.
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9. |
- Brulin, E., et al.
(author)
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Healthcare in distress: A survey of mental health problems and the role of gender among nurses and physicians in Sweden
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 339, s. 104-110
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction:The present article aimed to investigate 1) if mental health problems (depression and burnout including the dimensions; emotional exhaustion, mental distance and cognitive and emotional impairment) differed between nurses and physicians in Sweden, 2) if any differences were explained by differences in sex compositions, and 3) if any sex differences were larger within either of the two professions. Method:Data were derived from a representative sample of nurses (n = 2903) and physicians (n = 2712) in 2022. Two scales were used to assess burnout (KEDS and BAT) and one to assess depression (SCL-6). The BAT scale has four sub-dimensions. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyse each scale and dimension separately. Results:Results showed that 16-28 % of nurses and physicians reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout. The prevalence differed between occupations across the scales and dimensions used. Nurses reported higher scores on KEDS while physicians reported higher scores on BAT including the four dimensions. Also, 7 % of nurses' and 6 % of physicians' scores were above the cut-off for major depression. The inclusion of sex in the models changed the odds ratios of differences between doctors and nurses in all mental health dimensions except mental distance and cognitive impairment. Limitations: This study was based on cross-sectional survey data which has some limitations. Conclusion:Our study suggests that the prevalence of mental health problems is prominent among nurses and physicians in Sweden. Sex plays an important role in the difference in the prevalence of mental health problems between the two professions.
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10. |
- Brulin, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Money talks : performance-based reimbursement systems impact on perceived work, health and patient care for physicians in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The study aimed to investigate in which way performance-based reimbursement (PBR) systems in Swedish healthcare services (1) subjectively impacted physicians’ work and patient care and (2) were associated with the occurrence of stress-induced exhaustion disorders among physicians.Method: The study applied a mixed-method design. Data were collected from a representative sample of Swedish physicians. In the questionnaire, respondents were asked to answer an open-ended question regarding their reflections on PBR. The answers to the open-ended question were analysed using thematic analysis. Respondents were also asked to rate the impact of PBR on their work. The association between PBR and self-rated stress-induced exhaustion disease was analysed with logistic regressions. Stress-induced exhaustion disorder was measured using the Burnout Assessment Scale.Results: Thematic analysis resulted in four themes: (1) Money talks, (2) Patients are affected, (3) Medical morals are challenged, and (4) PBR increase the quantity of illegitimate tasks. Logistic regressions showed that physicians who experienced PBR had an impact on their work and had a two-fold higher risk of stress-induced exhaustion disorder.Discussion: Our findings suggest that current reimbursement systems in Sweden play an essential role in Swedish healthcare and negatively influence physicians’ work and health. Also, current PBR impact patients negatively. No previous study has explored the potentially harmful impact of PBR on how physicians perceive work, health and patient care. Results indicate that policymakers should be encouraged to deeply review PBR systems and focus on ways that they can limit the negative impact on physicians’ work and health while meeting future challenges.
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11. |
- Bårdsgjerde, Elise Kvalsund, et al.
(author)
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Patients' narratives of their patient participation in the myocardial infarction pathway
- 2019
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 75:5, s. 1063-1073
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To explore how patients in areas without local percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facilities experience patient participation in different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway. Background: Acute treatment of myocardial infarction often involves PCI. In Norway, this treatment is centralized at certain hospitals; thus, patients often require long-distance transportation and experience frequent hospital transfers. Short hospital stays, transfers between hospitals and the patient's emotional state pose challenges to promoting patient participation. Design: A qualitative design with a narrative approach. Methods: Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Eight men and two women were interviewed in 2016. Findings: Four themes related to the patients' experiences at the beginning, middle and end of the pathway were identified: (a) Lack of verbal communication in the acute phase; (b) trust in healthcare professionals and treatment; (c) lack of participation and coordination at discharge; and (d) shared decision-making in rehabilitation. The findings showed how the patients moved from a low level of patient participation in the acute phase to a high level of patient participation in the rehabilitation phase. Conclusion: This is the first study to explore patient participation in different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway. We argue that individual plans for information and patient participation are important to improve patient involvement in an earlier stage of the pathway. Further research from a healthcare professional perspective can be valuable to understand this topic. Impact: This study gives new insight that can be valuable for healthcare professionals in implementing patient participation throughout the pathway.
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12. |
- Bårdsgjerde, Elise Kvalsund, et al.
(author)
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Physicians’ perceptions of patient participation in the myocardial infarction pathway
- 2021
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In: Communication & Medicine. - : Equinox Publishing. - 1612-1783 .- 1613-3625. ; 18:2, s. 111-125
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myocardial infarction is an acute, frightening and life-threatening condition for patients who are affected. They need plain and simple information about the disease and the treatment, yet patient participation might be challenging in acute situations. Previous studies have shown that patient participation leads to improved patient satisfaction, cooperation with healthcare professionals and better management of the disease. Physicians have a key role in facilitating patient participation in the healthcare services. This study explores physicians’ perceptions of patient participation in the myocardial infarction pathway. In 2018 we interviewed nine experienced physicians in Norway working in different phases of the pathway. Hermeneutics was chosen as the underpinning analytical framework. Four themes illustrated patient participation in the myocardial infarction pathway. Paternalism characterised the acute phase. During hospitalisation the physicians perceived a lack of continuity in physician–patient communication. In the discharge phase, the physicians focused on strengthening health literacy. In the rehabilitation phase, dialogue and shared decision making was central to achieving treatment adherence. We found variations in the level of patient participation along the different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway. Strengthening continuity to ensure patient participation and collaboration between healthcare professionals is essential. The physicians proposed introducing checklists for patient information to enhance interprofessional collaboration and strengthen patient participation.
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13. |
- Evensen, Aud, et al.
(author)
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Individuell læring i gruppebasert psykoedukativ kognitiv rehabilitering
- 2010
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In: Nordisk tidsskrift for helseforskning. - : UiT The Arctic University of Norway. - 1504-3614 .- 1891-2982. ; 6:2, s. 70-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Artikkelen omhandler en kvalitativ studie om individuell læring i gruppebasert psykoedukativ kognitiv rehabilitering. Studiens formål var å få frem kunnskap om betydning av å benytte kombinasjon av individrettet og grupperettet metode i rehabiliteringsopplegg.Metode: Kvalitativ beskrivende og fortolkende studie med bruk av fokusgruppeintervjuer to år etter deltakelse i rehabiliteringsopplegget.Resultater: Gruppebasert rehabilitering var opplevd som gjensidig støtte. Rehabilitering med kognitiv tilnærming førte til oppdaging om egen lært hjelpeløshet og lavt selvbilde før rehabilitering og læring om andre måter å møte belastninger på. To år etter deltakelse på gruppebasert rehabilitering var opplegget erfart å ha betydning for selvfølelse, meningsfulle liv, mer aktivitet og mestring i hverdagen. Det er behov for mer forskning hvor opplevelse av mening og sammenheng måles og effekter av ulike rehabiliteringsmetoder sammenlignes.Konklusjon: Kombinasjonen gruppebasert rehabilitering med individuell kognitiv tilnærming hadde betydning for motivasjon, mestring og aktivt liv to år etter rehabiliteringen.
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14. |
- Giske, S., et al.
(author)
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Mapping interaction quality for nursing and medical students in primary care placement in municipal emergency care units : a systematic observational study
- 2024
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In: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-858X. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Primary care placement for nursing and medical students is vital for developing the competence to accommodate the increasing number of patients with multimorbid and complex conditions. Prior studies have suggested that interaction quality in primary care placement empowers learning. However, research mapping interaction quality in primary care placements in municipal emergency care units is lacking. This study aimed to systematically map interaction quality for nursing and medical students in primary care placement in two municipal emergency care units. Materials and methods: This study adopted a systematic descriptive observational design. Systematic observations (n = 201 cycles) of eight nursing students (n = 103 cycles) and six medical students (n = 98 cycles) were used to map interaction quality across six learning situations between March and May 2019. Observations were coded using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System-Secondary (CLASS-S). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations. Results: Interaction quality is described in three domains: (I) emotional support, (II) framework for learning, and (III) instructional support, and the overall measure, student engagement. The results indicated middle-quality interactions in the emotional and instructional support domains and high quality in the framework for learning domain and student engagement. Correlations exhibited similar patterns and ranged from non-significant to strong correlations. Conclusion: The interaction qualities indicated a generally positive and supportive learning environment contributing to nursing and medical students’ learning and active participation in work tasks related to their professional roles. Thus, this new form for primary care placement for nursing and medical students in the municipal emergency care units was found to be a positive learning arena. These results may enhance nursing and medical education programs in countries with similar health services and education. Health education, supervisors, peers, and others contributing to students’ learning should recognize which interaction qualities may affect learning and how to improve quality, thus affecting supervisors’ approach to training students. While the CLASS-S showed potential for mapping interaction qualities for nursing and medical students in primary care placement in municipal emergency care units, further studies are needed to validate the CLASS-S for use in clinical placement settings.
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15. |
- Giske, Solveig, et al.
(author)
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Medical students' learning experience and participation in communities of practice at municipal emergency care units in the primary health care system : a qualitative study
- 2022
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In: BMC Medical Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6920. ; 22:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Medical education has been criticised for not adapting to changes in society, health care and technology. Internationally, it is necessary to strengthen primary health care services to accommodate the growing number of patients. In Norway, emergency care patients are increasingly treated in municipal emergency care units in the primary health care system. This study explores medical students' learning experience and how they participated in communities of practice at two municipal emergency care units in the primary health care system. Methods In this qualitative study, we collected data from March to May 2019 using semi-structured individual interviews and systematic observations of six ninth-semester medical students undergoing two-week clerkships at municipal emergency care units. The interview transcripts were thematically analysed with a social constructivist approach. A total of 102 systematic observations were used to triangulate the findings from the thematic analysis. Results Three themes illuminated what the medical students learned and how they participated in communities of practice: (i) They took responsibility for emergency care patients while participating in the physicians' community of practice and thus received intensive training in the role of a physician. (ii) They learned the physician's role in interprofessional collaboration. Collaborating with nursing students and nurses led to training in clinical procedures and insight into the nurses' role, work tasks, and community of practice. (iii) They gained in-depth knowledge through shared reflections when time was allocated for that purpose. Ethical and medical topics were elucidated from an interprofessional perspective when nursing students, nurses, and physicians participated. Conclusions Our findings suggest that this was a form of clerkship in which medical students learned the physician's role by taking responsibility for emergency care patients and participating in multiple work tasks and clinical procedures associated with physicians' and nurses' communities of practice. Participating in an interprofessional community of practice for professional reflections contributed to in-depth knowledge of ethical and medical topics from the medical and nursing perspectives.
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16. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, et al.
(author)
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A balancing act : Swedish occupational safety and health inspectors' reflections on their bureaucratic role when supervising micro-enterprises
- 2021
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In: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 57, s. 821-834
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The safety and health of many workers employed in micro-enterprises (with less than 10 employees) is poor, and legal arrangements related to working environments remain a considerable challenge in these enterprises. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how Swedish occupational safety and health (OSH) inspectors perceive themselves as inspectors and their role as bureaucratic regulators when meeting micro-enterprises. In the study, 11 Swedish inspectors were interviewed and asked to reflect on their role as inspectors, how they perceive themselves as inspectors and what their role is as bureaucratic regulators when inspecting micro-enterprises. The qualitative content analysis revealed one theme-a balancing act-and three categories: one inspector, many roles; interactions with micro-entrepreneurs; and exercise the profession as an inspector. The results showed that OSH inspectors experience challenges in meeting the requirements of street-level bureaucracy while addressing the needs of micro-enterprises. In conclusion, OSH inspectors need organisational support to develop inspection models and enforcement styles tailored to micro-enterprises, as this could ease their work and contribute to better inspection outcomes. The implications of this study include a need for increased competence about working environment issues in micro-enterprises, development of enforcement styles among the inspectors, emphasis of the importance of specific governmental projects for OSH and development of models in this enterprise group. Additionally, development of micro-enterprise managers' competence and ability to handle issues related to the working environment and health were also important.
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17. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Falling outside the system : Occupational safety and health inspectors’ experiences of micro-enterprises in Sweden
- 2020
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In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, 11 Swedish occupational safety and health (OSH) inspectors were interviewed about their views of and experiences interacting with micro-enterprises (1-9 employees). The qualitative content analysis found one theme, “Falling outside the system”, and three subthemes, “The inspector—shaped by specific standards”, “The bureaucrat and the micro-entrepreneur—two separate worlds”, and “System faults and system changes”. According to the inspectors, the Swedish OSH regulatory system, with inspectors on the front line, neglects the specific needs, circumstances and characteristics of micro-enterprises. Therefore, we suggest revising the OSH regulatory system and following inspection methods and enforcement styles to better address the needs of micro-enterprises.
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18. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Is the gap between experienced working conditions and the perceived importance of these conditions related to subjective health?
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Workplace Health Management. - 1753-8351 .- 1753-836X. ; 11:1, s. 2-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the gaps between experienced working conditions (WCs) and the perceived importance of these conditions in relation to subjective health in Swedish public sector workplaces.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 379 employees answered questions concerning WCs and health. Nine WC areas were created to measure the gap between the experienced WCs and the perceived importance of each condition. These WC areas were: physical work environment, social relationships, communication, leadership, job control, recognition, self-development, workplace culture and work/life satisfaction. Subjective health was measured using mental ill health, well-being and general health.FindingsThe results indicated relatively large gaps in all nine WC areas. Leadership, physical work environment and work/life satisfaction in particular seemed to be problematic areas with relatively large gaps, meaning that employees have negative experiences of these areas while perceiving these areas as very important. Additionally, all WC areas were significantly related to subjective health, especially regarding mental ill health and well-being; the larger the gaps, the worse the subjective health. The WC areas of work/life satisfaction, self-development, social relationships, communication and recognition had the highest relationships and model fits. This indicates that it is most problematic from an employee’s point of view if there are large gaps within these WC areas.Originality/valueThis study improves the understanding of workplace health by exploring the gap between experienced WCs and the perceived importance of these conditions.
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19. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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The leader identity - a means to experience conflict and constructing balance
- 2018
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In: Gender, Work and Organisation International Interdisciplinary Conference ABSTRACTS BOOKLET, 13-16 JUNE 2018. ; , s. 120-120
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Literature shows that self-employed individuals seem to experience more conflict between work and family demands than employees but variation is great, especially among self-employed men and women. For instance, studies suggest that women chooses self-employment as a strategy to balance work and family while men uses self-employment as a way to find employment and earnings. Many self-employed individuals describe a feeling of being always on. Self-employment is closely related to masculine values giving emphasis to long work hours and high job demands. Self-employment is an identity and impede men and women to draw a line between work and private life. It is often argued that this is not a problem in the Nordic countries because of high gender equality. However, quantitative data shows rather the opposite.Sparse literature suggest that both men and women use self-employment as a way to ease conflict between work and family. In recent years the concept of work-life enrichment has grown as an explanation how one role can improve quality in other roles easing conflicts. Research suggest that high job control for self-employed men and women eases conflict demand and perhaps create enrichment.In this study, we analyzed interview data from managers in 18 small scale enterprises (SSE), of which 8 were women and 10 men, in the central regions of Norway and Sweden aiming to gain a deeper understanding of how they men and women construct and relate to work and private life in their role as managers of SSEs.Preliminary results show that self-employed men and women narrate a strong identification in their leader identity resulting in a duality in relation to work and family. We identify that interviewees describe that conflict seams to part of the deal of being a leader. They describe how the strong leader identity legitimate a high level of conflict among both men and women. This is in line with the notion that self-employment builds on masculine values and women, though being the main responsible of the home, seem to construct these male values. Meanwhile, the strong leader identity is used as a way to construct balance. In their role as managers and leaders they are allowed to be flexible, more flexible than their employees. However, this flexibility is often used as a way to fit work around family. Lastly, interviewees describe how managerial identity contribute to a work-life enrichment. High job identification gave the leader self-esteem, skills and perspectives which produced a positive affect in relation to work.
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20. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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The Same, Only Different : Doing Management in the Intersection between Work and Private Life for Men and Women in Small-scale Enterprises
- 2020
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In: Work, Employment and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0950-0170 .- 1469-8722. ; 34:2, s. 262-280
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this article is to elucidate how male and female managers of small-scale enterprises in Norway and Sweden relate to and experience the intersection between work and private life. A qualitative content analysis was adopted to explore interviews with 18 managers. The analysis resulted in three primary categories: conflict as a part of the deal, using management to construct balance, and management identity contributing to enrichment. A key theme that emerged was doing management. Both men and women reproduced masculine values in describing their management identities and in explaining how they enacted management. This clear identification was used to legitimate conflict, construct balance and explain the interaction between work and private life as enriching. How the managers enacted gender emerged primarily in how they related to family responsibilities and their feelings of guilt in relation to home and children.
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21. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish HealthPhys Study: Study Description and Prevalence of Clinical Burnout and Major Depression among Physicians
- 2022
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In: Chronic Stress. - : SAGE Publications. - 2470-5470. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The study purpose was to describe the Swedish HealthPhys cohort. Using data from the HealthPhys study, we aimed to describe the prevalence of clinical burnout and major depression in a representative sample of Swedish physicians across gender, age, worksite, hierarchical position, and speciality in spring of 2021, during the third wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: The HealthPhys questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of practising physicians (n = 6699) in Sweden in February to May of 2021 with a 41.3% response rate. The questionnaire included validated instruments measuring psychosocial work environment and health including measurements for major depression and clinical burnout. Results: Data from the HealthPhys study showed that among practising physicians in Sweden the prevalence of major depression was 4.8% and clinical burnout was 4.7%. However, the variations across sub-groups of physicians regarding major depression ranged from 0% to 10.1%. For clinical burnout estimates ranged from 1.3% to 14.5%. Emergency physicians had the highest levels of clinical burnout while they had 0% prevalence of major depression. Prevalence of exhaustion was high across all groups of physicians with physicians working in emergency departments, at the highest (28.6%) and anaesthesiologist at the lowest (5.6%). Junior physicians had high levels across all measurements. Conclusions: In conclusion, the first data collection from the HealthPhys study showed that the prevalence of major depression and clinical burnout varies across genders, age, hierarchical position, worksite, and specialty. Moreover, many practising physicians in Sweden experienced exhaustion and were at high risk of burnout.
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22. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Exercise-induced changes in body fat, upper leg skeletal muscle area, BMI and body weight in overweight people with risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes
- 2011
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In: Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis. - 1406-9822 .- 2228-3501. ; 17, s. 66-79
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study compared effects of maximal resistance training (MRT) versus endurance resistance training (ERT) in overweight people at risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes. Dependent variables included changes in body fat %, upper leg skeletal muscle area (left + right), BMI and body weight pre-to post intervention. Eighteen individuals, 33-69 years of age, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 engaged in MRT three days/week over a four month period while members of Group 2 acted as controls. Later, Group 2 engaged in ERT three days/week over a four month period and the members acted as their own controls. Both interventions consisted of eight exercises. Pre- to post changes were significant for MRT with a reduction in BMI (p=0.013) and body weight (p=0.010), while percentage of body fat was significantly reduced (p=0.009) and skeletal muscle area increased (p=0.021) with ERT. The results support both approaches as interventions in primary prevention of obesity and consequently in reducing risk of Type 2 Diabetes.
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23. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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INSULIN SENSITIVITY AFTER MAXIMAL AND ENDURANCE RESISTANCE TRAINING
- 2012
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In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 26:2, s. 327-334
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hansen, E, Landstad, BJ, Gundersen, KT, Torjesen, PA, and Svebak, S. Insulin sensitivity after maximal and endurance resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 327-334, 2012-The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of maximal resistance training (MRT) vs. endurance resistance training (ERT) on improvements in insulin levels and glucose tolerance in overweight individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Eighteen participants with baseline values suggesting impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 engaged in supervised MRT (Bernstein inverted pyramid system: 5 x 3-4, 60-85% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), 3 d.wk(-1) over 4 months, whereas members of group 2 acted as controls. Later, group 2 engaged in supervised ERT (3 x 12-15, 45-65% 1RM), 3 d.wk(-1) over a 4 month period with the 2 prebaselines as controls. Both interventions consisted of 8 exercises that included the entire body. Glucose (fasting and 2-hour test), insulin and C-peptide measures were assessed from pre to post in both groups. The MRT led to reduced blood levels of 2-hour glucose (p = 0.044) and fasting C-peptide (p = 0.023) and decreased insulin resistance (p = 0.040). The ERT caused a significant reduction in the blood levels of insulin (p = 0.023) and concomitant positive effects on % insulin sensitivity (p=0.054) and beta-cell function (p=0.020). The findings indicate that both MRT and ERT lead to decreased insulin resistance in people with a risk of developing type 2 diabetes; MRT led to a greater increase in glucose uptake capacity (in muscles), whereas ERT led to greater insulin sensitivity, supporting the recommendation of both MRT and ERT as primary intervention approaches for individuals at a risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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24. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Leader-Based Workplace Health Interventions — A Before–After Study in Norwegian and Swedish Small-Scale Enterprises
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Disability Mangement Research. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 11:e5, s. 1-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge about leader-based workplace health interventions by investigating changes in psychosocial working conditions and health in Norwegian and Swedish small-scale enterprises (SSEs). The study also aims to investigate whether there are differences between position, and countries. In total, 30 leaders and 149 coworkers in 34 SSEs participated in two intervention and two reference groups. Leaders and coworkers completed the validated questionnaires (Nordic Questionnaire on Positive Organizational Psychology ([N-POP]), Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS), and Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS), which cover different psychosocial working conditions and health outcomes. The interventions were carried out by advisors from occupational health services (OHSs) over a one-year period and consisted of analyses of health and psychosocial working conditions, company visits, education and networking meetings, including information and tools on issues such as leadership, work environment and health, and leadership support. The statistical methods used included principal component analyses, reliability tests, paired sample t tests and three-way ANOVA. The results indicate a significant positive development concerning external job performance in the intervention groups. Regarding internal job performance, both the Norwegian intervention group and the reference group showed positive improvements. However, there were negative or nonsignificant developments for several of the psychosocial working conditions and health outcomes in the intervention groups. With regard to associations and interactions between the studied variables, there were significantly positive developments with regard to external job performance and sickness absences in the total intervention group. The study indicates that more thorough procedures and testing of leader-based interventions in SSEs are required.
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25. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Ledarfokuserade hälsofrämjande insatser i små företag: resultat och erfarenheter (Leader-based workplace health interventions in small enterprises: results and experiences)
- 2016
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In: Inkluderande och hållbart arbetsliv - Book of abstracts - FALF 2016. - Östersund. ; , s. 43-44
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leader-based workplace health interventions in small-scale enterprises: a pre post Study. Introduction Leader’s competence about health and working environment issues is of particular importance in small scale enterprises (SSEs). Studies indicate lack of tools for 44 Book of abstracts – FALF 2016implementation of working environment improvements and support from occupationalhealth services to develop such services towards SSE`s. The aim of the study was to investigate organizational-, psychosocial working environment- and health outcomes among leaders and employees in SSEs before and after workplace health interventions, and to contribute to knowledge about tools suited for implementation. Description Data presented is part of a research project concerning leader-based workplace health interventions in SSEs. 179 subjects, intervention group (103) and control group (76), from 32 SSE ́s in the middle part of Norway and Sweden participated. Leaders (N=30) and Employees (N=149) answered validated questionnaires (WEMS, SHIS and N-POP) covering organizational outcomes, psychosocial working conditions and health. The interventions were carried out by advisers from occupational health services, and consisted of courses, meetings including information, advices and tools for working on issues like leadership, working environment, and health during a one year period. Results Organizational outcomes as Job Performance indicatedan interaction in favor of intervention group compared to control group, and for leaders compared to employees. For Psychosocial working conditions, the Swedish leaders reported a positive change concerning pressure of Time. Regarding Health outcomes the Norwegian leaders reported a more positive development concerning sleep problems compared to employees in Norway, and leaders in Sweden. The Intervention group reported lower Sickness absence. Conclusion Leader-based interventions in SSE`s seems effectively to a limited extent. Time between pre and post intervention including measure points, might be too short to detect improvements over time.
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26. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Motivation for lifestyle changes to improve health in people with impaired glucose tolerance
- 2011
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:3, s. 484-490
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Motivation for lifestyle changes to improve health in people with impaired glucose tolerance Aim: To identify factors that could have motivational significance for lifestyle change to facilitate the reduction of Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and, consequently, the risk of having type 2 diabetes. Methods: Eighteen people living in a municipality in central Norway participated in the study. A large-scale public health screening study had defined them as people with IGT. The participants took part in a semi-structured interview that focused on four aspects of everyday lifestyle: (1) structure and rhythm, (2) physical health, (3) physical activity and (4) social relations. Results: The interviews showed that the participants in the study changed their priorities regarding daily living. Results indicated four domains of motivational factors that appeared as significant for lifestyle changes. The participants attributed great significance to their physical health and were strongly motivated to prevent disease development by improvement of everyday structure and rhythm, reduction of sickness risk, activity level and social relation. Research indicates, however, that lasting lifestyle changes take time and that health care support must be adapted to the individual in light of their social setting. Conclusion: Persons with IGT appear to benefit from lifestyle changes along four dimensions of motivational significance: Structure and rhythm, Sickness concerns, Activity levels, Social relations. This means that attention needs to be more carefully tailored the individual along these four dimensions than has been the case in traditional health care.
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27. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Resistance Training in People at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes and Their Experience of Health-Related Quality of Life
- 2016
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In: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 8, s. 1323-1334
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background : Research indicates an association between impaired glucose metabolismand overweight, a serious public health problem involving an increased risk ofType 2 diabetes, related hypertension, and a reduced quality of life. Aim: The firstaim is to assess different dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) inoverweight individuals at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared to a normalpopulation. The second aim is to examine the impact of resistance training on thepre-post HRQoL dimension scores of the intervention group. Methods : Eighteenparticipants were randomly assigned to one of the two resistance training groups.Group 1 engaged in supervised maximal resistance training (Bernstein inverted pyramidsystem: 5× 3 - 4, 60% - 85% of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM)), three days/weekover four months, and Group 2 performed endurance resistance training (includinglower weight loads and more repetitions over four months). The intervention consistedof eight exercises involving the entire body. The subjects completed theShort-Form Health Survey (SF-36) on HRQoL. The HRQoL scores of the norm populationwere higher than those of people at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, andresistance training seemed to have a limited significant positive effect on the differentHRQoL dimensions.
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28. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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The relative importance of aerobic capacity, physical activity and body mass index in impaired glucose toleranceand Type 2 diabetes
- 2012
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In: Vulnerable Groups & Inclusion. - : Co-action Publishing. - 2000-8023. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the relative importance of aerobic capacity, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) for discriminating between people with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) or Type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Method: Variables included scores on estimated VO2-max (ml/kg/min) by walking the UKK walking-test, responses to questions on self-reported physical activity and BMI. Design: Participants were recruited into groups of IGT, Type 2 diabetes and healthy controls (N64). Statistical analyses were performed by multifactor ANOVA, bivariate correlations and logistic regression. Result: Obesity, as indicated by BMI, was most evident in the IGT and Type 2 diabetes groups when jointly compared with the healthy controls (p=0.004, OR ≥16.00). However, when separately compared with the healthy controls, BMI scores strongly discriminated between the IGT versus healthy controls but failed to distinguish between Type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Scores for aerobic capacity and level of physical activity failed to distinguish between healthy controls and IGT as well as Type 2 diabetes status. Conclusion: BMI was significantly associated with IGT whereas aerobic capacity and level of physical activity were not predictive of group status for IGT and Type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that primary health care should focus on all means for weight reduction, including physical activity and other life style changes, in order to prevent individuals from escalating into IGT in order to prevent risk of Type 2 diabetes.
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29. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Work Experience and Health before and after interventions among leaders and employees in small-scale enterprises
- 2016
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In: Decent Work: 4th Conference Disability Management. - Olten. ; , s. 26-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Workplace-based prevention and rehabilitation programs including strategy to change might contribute to increase employee health. The importance of leader competence in small scale enterprises (SSE´s) to prioritize health and adjusting the work-environment are important. Some studies indicate associations between psychosocial work environment factors and mental health, but contradicting findings suggest that good leadership does not substantially ameliorate any effects of emotional demands at work on employee mental health. The cost-effect for the society as whole, the enterprise alone and the workers employed e.g. regarding sick leave, injury rates, stable employment levels and other factors are complex. Traditionally there has been a focus on these factors mostly in large workplaces, but a broader understanding, sustainable standards, procedures, implementing methods, and more knowledge regarding leadership, health, work-environment, stress and health promoting interventions towards SSE´s is needed. Purpose and method: The aim of the study is to investigate Work Experience (WEMS) and Salutogenic Health (SHIS) changes among leaders and employees in SSEs pre-post intervention. Present study analyzed data from two questionnaires (WEMS, and SHIS) based on established theories regarding work and health. Leaders (N=30) and employees (N=149) from 32 small scale enterprises in the middle part of Norway and Sweden participated. The interventions were carried out by work environment advisers and consisted of meetings including information, advices and tools towards leaders and employees during a one year period. The methodology used to identify any pre-post changes, and changes between groups (ex. Norway-Sweden, leaders-employees) involved SPSS analyses with descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance and t-tests. Findings: The analysis revealed no positive significant changes from pre to post intervention for the total Index of SHIS, nor the total Index of WEMS. Some indications of changes however could be detected, were the main tendency was a negative development after intervention. The subindex of WEMS regarding Management (MT) though, yielded a significant effect of mean for leaders compared with employees after intervention. Conclusions: Present interventions towards leaders and employees regarding Work environment and Salutogenic health in SSE`s seems not to be sufficient. More knowledge regarding leadership, work-environment and health are crucial, and even more thorough procedures and testing of interventions in SSE´s needs to be carried out to improve these parameters.
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30. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(author)
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A Comparative Study of Financial Support and Resilience of Self-Employed people in Sweden and Canada
- 2023
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In: <em>European Journal of Public Health</em>, Volume 33, Issue Supplement_2, October 2023. - : Oxford University Press (OUP).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundGlobally the COVID-19 pandemic presented major difficulties for self-employed people such as financial decline, restrictions and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures was rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effectiveness of the policy measures on small businesses. The aim of the study was to compare policies addressing government financial support in Sweden and Canada to get an understanding of how different governmental financial support measures enhanched self-employed people's resilience and improved their chances to manage the pandemic. In addition, individual interviews with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people were conducted to get an understanding of how they experienced the support measures and how these measures factored into their resilience during and after the restrictions had ended.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-method study encompassing document analysis and semi-structured interviews with self-employed people in Sweden and Canada. The constant comparative method guided the data analysis and documentary and interview data were analysed together. Three categories were formed: Welfare protection and effects, Self-employed well-being and Agility during COVID-19, based on their ability to represent the overall sense of the phenomena.ResultsKey results were that self-employed people in both countries unable to telework, were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions and lockdowns, and that this negatively affected their well-being.ConclusionsPotential future policy responses in Sweden and Canada to support self-employed people during crises or adversity should consider the diversity among small businesses and tailor programmes towards viable businesses in greatest need of support, such as those in businesses unable to telework.Key messages • Self-employed people in Sweden and Canada unable to telework, were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions and lockdowns. • Future policy responses to support self-employed people during adversity should tailor programmes towards viable businesses in greatest need of support.
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31. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(author)
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A comparative study of governmental financial support and resilience of self-employed people in Sweden and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
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In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 83:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Globally, self-employed people were among the hardest hit by the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and faced hardships such as financial decline, restrictions, and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures were rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effect of the policy measures on self-employed people. To understand how different governmental financial support measures enhanced the resilience of the self-employed and improved their ability to manage the pandemic, we conducted a mixed-method study using policy analysis and semi-structured interviews. The documents described policies addressing governmental financial support in Sweden and Canada during the pandemic, and the interviews were conducted with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people to explore how they experienced the support measures in relation to their resilience. The key results were that self-employed people in both countries who were unable to telework were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions, and lockdowns. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with the support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people experiencing difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, negatively affecting their business survival.
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32. |
- Hansson, Josefine
(author)
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Self-employed people navigating difficult times : business challenges and well-being from a salutogenic perspective
- 2024
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BackgroundGlobally, the COVID-19 pandemic presented major difficulties for many self-employed people because it caused pressures such as decreased customer demand, production stagnation, disruptions in supply chains and increased uncertainty. The vast amount of the studies of self-employed people during the pandemic have focused on traditional pathogenic effects. Hence, overall aim of this thesis is to explore how self-employed people experienced and used internal and external salutogenic resources to navigate the pandemic, from a business challenge and an individual well-being perspective. MethodsDifferent methods of data collection and analysis were employed in the thesis. For study I, a qualitative design was used to explore whether a sense of coherence was experienced, and any general resistance resources were used by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the pandemic. For study II, a cross-sectional quantitative design was employed to investigate the well-being of self-employed people in Europe during the pandemic and whether their well-being was influenced by factors representing four socio-ecological levels. Lastly, study III applied a mixed-method design including comparative policy analysis and interviews to gain an understanding of how different governmental financial support measures aimed to aid the resilience of Swedish and Canadian self-employed people and improve their ability to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Study I was analysed through a deductive content analysis, study II was analysed using independent sample t-tests, correlations and linear regression, and study III used comparative policy analysis and inductive content analysis. ResultsFindings from the interviews in study I demonstrated that it was important for the participants to comprehend and manage challenges during the pandemic in a resourceful manner, and to see meaningfulness in their situations. In study II, the findings highlight that the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, doing useful work and experiencing rules as clear affected the self-employed people’s well-being, and that these factors may be even more important for those who had difficulties running their business. Study III found that self-employed people in both Sweden and Canada who 10 were unable to telework were relatively less resilient during the pandemic. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with government financial support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people who experienced difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, which had a negative effect on their business survival. Conclusion While the three studies in this thesis had different foci, they collectively provide insights into the internal and external salutogenic resources that influenced how self-employed people navigated the pandemic. A sense of coherence, resilience and well-being were deemed important for handling the pandemic well, for both the individuals and their businesses. The research also indicated the interconnectedness between self-employed people and their businesses. For instance, financial difficulties may lead to increased stress and pressure to make decisions to sustain the business. Reduced well-being, in turn, made it harder to adapt and adjust positively to adversity. The importance of supporting factors at multiple socio-ecological levels was also highlighted, and these may be particularly important to those who had difficulties running their businesses.
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33. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(author)
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Small business managers and Covid-19 – the role of a sense of coherence in coping with stressors
- 2022
-
In: Framtidens arbete – arbetets framtid. - Kiruna.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small business managers and Covid-19 – the role of a sense of coherence in coping with stressors Many businesses around the world are facing a significant impact from the Covid-19 pandemic, with the transport, tourism, and hospitality sectors being among the most affected. Compared to larger businesses, the effect on small businesses has generally been more severe due to their limited human, financial and technical resources. In addition, the degree of government financial aid, in combination with changes in the supply chain, may strongly affect the operations and survival of small businesses. The response of small business managers to an external event such as the pandemic can have a profound effect on the work environment, health, and well-being of themselves and their employees. Previous research on small business managers during the pandemic has mainly focused on traditional pathogenic effects, and there is a lack of studies looking at the issue from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. Aim of study The aim of the study was to explore whether a sense of coherence and general resistance resources were experienced by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A qualitative design was applied through exploratory interviews with 16 managers of small businesses in Sweden and Norway. The inclusion criteria were small businesses with less than 20 employees representing different types of services in the private sector. Further criteria were that the businesses were located in comparable geographic regions in Sweden and Norway. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using the sense of coherence concept by Aaron Antonovsky, with the three main components of comprehensibility, meaningfulness, and manageability acting as a conceptual framework for the analysis process. Results Findings from the interviews demonstrated that it was important for the managers to comprehend and manage the challenges during the pandemic in a resourceful manner, and to see the meaningfulness in the situation. Within the three main sense-of-coherence categories, six general resistance resources were identified as being important for the managers to handle uncertainty during the pandemic. These were understanding rules and regulations, social support, optimism, proactivity, problem-solving and flexibility and cooperation. Conclusions The small business managers handled the pandemic in a way that worked well in their contexts, and the pandemic generally did not have a negative effect on their businesses or themselves. A salutogenic approach, through which the managers focused on identifying and using resources, was an important factor in managing stressors and adversity during the pandemic. Hence, the concept of salutogenesis may be used as an intervention to foster better health in small businesses, both at a personal and organisational level in order to handle future challenges effectively
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34. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(author)
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Small business managers and Covid-19—The role of a sense of coherence and general resistance resources in coping with stressors
- 2022
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The response of small business managers to an external event such as the pandemic canhave a profound effect on the work environment, health and well-being for themselves and their employees. Previous research on small business managers during the pandemic has mainly focused on traditional pathogenic effects, and there is a lack of studies looking at the issue from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. The aim of this study is to explore whether a sense of coherence and general resistance resources were experienced by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods A qualitative design was applied through exploratory interviews with 16 managers of small businesses in Sweden and Norway. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using the sense of coherence concept by Aaron Antonovsky, with the three main components of comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability acting as a conceptual framework for the analysis process.Results Within the three main sense-of-coherence categories, six general resistance resources were identified as being important for the managers to handle uncertainty during the pandemic. These were understanding rules and regulations, social support, optimism, proactivity, problem-solving and flexibility and cooperation.Conclusions The small business managers handled the pandemic in a way that worked well in their contexts, and the pandemic generally did not have a negative effect on their businesses orthemselves. A salutogenic approach, through which the managers focused on identifying and using resources, was an important factor for managing stressors and adversity during the pandemic. Hence, the concept of salutogenesis may be used as an intervention to foster better health in small businesses, both at a personal and organisational level in order to handle future challenges effectively.
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35. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(author)
-
Socio-Ecological Factors and Well-Being among Self-Employed in Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2022
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19, s. 1-13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The self-employed are at increased risk of negative well-being outcomes when facing adversity such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies that examine socio-ecological factors that may protect their well-being are warranted.Methods: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of European self-employed people (n = 1665). The WHO-5 Well-being Index was used to examine the impact on well-being of factors at four socio-ecological levels. Independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlations and linear regression were applied to analyse differences between groups of self-employed and interactions between variables using SPSS.Results: Well-being and the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, useful work and finding the rules clear were positively correlated with well-being. For self-employed who reported that it was challenging to run their business during the pandemic, social support and finding rules clear were of significantly greater importance to their well-being.Conclusions: The findings highlight that the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, doing useful work and finding the rules clear affect well-being. The results also indicate that it is vital to consider factors at multiple socio-ecological levels to improve the well-being of the self-employed during adversity.
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36. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(author)
-
Socio-Ecological Factors and Well-Being among Self-Employed in Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2023
-
In: 10th Nordic Health Promotion Research Conference June 14-16 2023, Halmstad June 14–16, 2023. - Halmstad.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: The self-employed are at increased risk of negative well-being outcomes when facing adversity such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies that examine socio-ecological factors that may protect their well-being are warranted. Methods: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of European self-employed people (n = 1665). The WHO-5 Well-being Index was used to examine the impact on well-being of factors at four socio-ecological levels. Independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlations and linear regression were applied to analyse differences between groups of self-employed and interactions between variables using SPSS. Results: Well-being and the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, useful work and finding the rules clear were positively correlated with well-being. For self-employed who reported that it was challenging to run their business during the pandemic, social support and finding rules clear were of significantly greater importance to their well-being. Conclusions: The findings highlight that the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, doing useful work and finding the rules clear affect well-being. The results also indicate that it is vital to consider factors at multiple socio-ecological levels to improve the well-being of the self-employed during adversity.
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37. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Challenges in Disability Management of Long-Term Sick Workers
- 2008
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In: The international journal of disability management research. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 2:2, s. 47-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Norway various welfare state authorities assist in disability management (DM) of long-term sick workers. This study provides empirical-based knowledge about the Norwegian DM process. The data are based on focus-group interviews with health care providers and case-workers in welfare state authorities. A key issue outlined in this article is that long-term sick workers can easily become ‘stuck’ in the rehabilitation system. The focus is on topics that can explain difficulties of re-employing long-term sick workers. Furthermore, we look at what challenges are typical for DM of these workers in Norway, with respect to re-employment issues.
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38. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Equal treatment in working life for people with disabilities : A Sweden and Norway Perspective
- 2009. - 1
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In: Disabilities: Insights from Across Fields and Around the World Vol 3. - Westport : Praeger. - 9780313346040 - 9780313346101 ; , s. 155-165
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In November 2000, the European Union issued a directive establishing a general framework for promoting equal treatment in employment and outlawing discrimination based on religion, beliefs, disability, age, and sexual orientation (the “framework for the equal treatment directive,” FETD). Equal treatment and non-discrimination are among the most well-developed components of social policy in the EU. In Scandinavia, antidiscrimination policy is a relatively new type of regulatory policy that approaches disability from the following perspective: “The EU . . . sees disability as a social construct. The EU social model of disability stresses the environmental barriers in society which prevent the full participation of people with disabilities in society. These barriers must be removed”. The main aim of this chapter is to examine and discuss how this new approach relates to existing policies in Norway and Sweden. In this chapter, we more closely examine how Norwegian and Swedish social policies define disability in relation to the EU’s FETD directive. We examine the relationship between the traditional methods of supporting people with disabilities in Swedish and Norwegian social policy and the principles put forth in the EU’s FETD directive.
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39. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(author)
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Forskning på selvhjelp og selvhjelpsgruppe : Helsepolitikk, empowerment og positiv helse
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Dette er et arbeidsnotat utgitt av Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag (HiNT). Notatet inngår i et forskningsprosjekt kalt Forskning på selvhjelp og selvhjelpsgrupper. Dette forskningsprosjektet har som hovedformål å kritisk studere selvhjelpsgrupper i et samfunnsvitenskaplig perspektiv. Fokus har vært å studere om selvhjelpsgrupper bidrar til å skape selvbærende prosesser blant brukere som deltar i dem, og om selvhjelpsgrupper gir forankring i nettverk som bidrar til mer selvmyndiggjøring/empowerment til brukere som sliter med helseproblemer eller nedsatt funksjonsevne. Inkludert i dette har vært å studere hva som virker støttende og fremmende for positiv helse.Undersøkelsen er initiert av forskere ved avdeling for helsefag ved Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag i 2008. Den kom i stand som en respons på en offentlig utlysning fra Helsedirektoratet om forskning på selvorganisert selvhjelp i et folkehelse- og lokalsamfunnsperspektiv i november 2008. Helsedirektoratet utlyste midler til forskningsmiljøer om å få frem forskning som belyste og dokumenterte faktorer som var virksomme i selvhjelpsarbeidet, og som kunne bidra til å ta i bruk og videreutvikle selvhjelpsarbeid på ulike arenaer. Målgruppen for selvhjelpsarbeidet var brukere og hjelpere i feltet psykisk helsearbeid og andre grupper som vil bruke selvhjelp som et verktøy. Tilskuddsordningen var ment å styrke selvhjelpsmetodikken som et viktig supplement innen psykisk helse i tråd med Nasjonal plan for selvhjelp (Helsedirektoratet, 2004). Forskningsprosjektet som det her rapporteres fra, studerer selvhjelp for personer med psykiske problem eller, funksjonsnedsettelser. Første del av undersøkelsen handlet om å få en kunnskapsstatus i form av en litteratursstudie om eksisterende forskning om selvhjelp og selvhjelpsgrupper i Norden. Andre del av undersøkelsen handlet om å studere deltakere av selvhjelpsgruppers opplevelse av samspill, mening og empowerment, og se dette i relieff til eksisterende kunnskapsstatus fra forskningsfeltet. Tredje del av undersøkelsen har vært å ha en teoretisk og analytisk tilnærmingsmåte til selvhjelpsarbeidet og studerer selvhjelpsarbeidet og offentlig politikk. Prosjektlederne har hatt et faglig samarbeid med Selvhjelp Norge og Helsedirektoratet.Hovedansvarlig for kontakten med Selvhjelp Norge har vært Solbjørg Talseth og Eli Vogt Godager. Prosjektlederne Marianne Hedlund og Bodil Landstad ved HiNT står ansvarlig for vitenskaplig og faglig gjennomføring og analyse, inklusiv publisering. Vitenskaplig assistent Bjørg Aglen har bistått i datainnsamlingen og publisering.Vi vill rette en spesiell takk til faglig rådgiver for prosjektet, professor Catherine Marshall ved University of Arizona, USA. Vi har også hatt nytte av faglig samarbeid med det nordiske forskernettverket om selvhjelpsforskning som har kommet i stand som følge av samarbeid mellom forskere ved HiNT, Læring og mestringssenteret Helse Sunnmøre (KPI), samt forskere ved Norsk Institutt for By- og regionsforskning (NIBR).I arbeidsnotatet er det lagt vekt på å formidle kortfattet noen tematiske og beskrivende funn fra undersøkelsen. Mer detaljerte opplysninger om resultat av undersøkelsen skjer i form av publiseringer i internasjonale fagfellevurderte tidskrifter. Prosjektledernes ambisjon er at resultatene som her blir formidlet bidrar til økt kunnskap og innsikt om selvhjelpsarbeid og selvhjelpsgrupper i Norge.Notat kan ha språklig preg av forskningsmessig uttrykk og terminologi. Hensikten har vært å formidle kunnskap om selvhjelp på en forskningsmessig måte, ikke bare populærvitenskaplig framstilling. Vi håper allikevel at kunnskapen som blir formidlet får en bred leserkrets. Vi mener at kunnskap fra prosjektet har relevans for personer som bruker selvhjelp som metode eller kan tenke seg å bruke det. Vitenskaplige artikler fra dette prosjekt er publisert eller under publisering. Henvisning til disse publikasjoner finnes i kapittel 4 i arbeidsnotatet. Populærvitenskaplige formidlinger fra prosjektet har skjedd ved åpne fagdager og andre arrangement, og finnes tilgjengelig via Selvhjelp Norge, forskning.no og HiNTs hjemmeside.
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- Hedlund, M., et al.
(author)
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The disciplining of self-help : Doing self-help the Norwegian way
- 2019
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In: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 225, s. 34-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We explore how Norwegian self-help groups are defined and managed to create a particular form of health system governmentality. Self-help groups are typically framed as therapeutic communities where participants define the agenda creating a space where open and equal interaction can produce individual learning and personal growth. In Norway, however, self-help groups are managed in a way that integrates them in to the health system but insulates them from clinical medicine; an approach that disciplines participants to act in a particular way in relation to the health system. We draw on the analysis of 1456 pages of public documents and websites from the National Nodal Point for Self-Help (NPSH), the organisation that manages self-help groups, and central government including individual testimonies from participants published between 2006 and 2014. We argue, drawing on Foucault, that self-help premised on lay-leadership and self-determination is at odds with the centrally defined regulation apparent in the model adopted in Norway and an example of disciplining that reinforces health system governmentality and serves the interests of the medical profession and the state. Further we propose that this illustrates the contestation between the pastoral power of medics, the National Nodal Point for Self-Help and the Ministry of Health. Our analysis of Norwegian self-help as a mechanism to create a particular form of health system governmentality helps explain the expansion of self-help and self-management within developed health systems and provides an explanation for why self-help within health systems, is typically situated adjacent to, rather than integrated into, clinical medicine.
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43. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(author)
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Tightrope walking : external impact factors on workplace health management in small-scale enterprises
- 2017
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In: Society, health and vulnerability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 8:Sup 1, s. 53-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for ensuring growth, innovation, job creation,and social integration in working life. Research shows that SSEs pay little attention to andhave insufficient competence in workplace health management. From the perspective ofmanagers, this study explores how external factors influence the development of thismanagement. The article refers to a case study among eight Norwegian and ten Swedishmanagers of SSEs in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. We used a stepwisequalitative approach to analyse data, using an interpretive indexing of main categories.Two main categories were found to have an influence on the development of workplacehealth management: (1) restricted leeway and (2) commitments. Concerning the first maincategory, areas that managers highlight as important comprise the legal framework andregulations; workforce and market situation, production, economy; and occupationalsafety and health issues. Areas related to the second main category were advice fromthe board, guidance from mentors, work-related networks, and family and friends asbuffers. One conclusion is that despite limited scope for developing workplace healthmanagement, managers find supportive guidance and inspiration from environments thatare committed to helping them and their enterprise.
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44. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(author)
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Tightrope walking - external impact factors on workplace health management in small-scale enterprises
- 2018
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for ensuring growth, innovation, job creation, in addition to social integration in working life. Research shows that SSEs pay little attention to and have insufficient competence in workplace health management. From the perspective of managers, this study explores how external factors influence the development of this management. The article refers to a case study between eight Norwegian and ten Swedish managers of SSEs in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. We used a stepwise qualitative approach to analyse data, using an interpretive indexing of main categories. Two main categories were found to have an influence on the development of workplace health- management: (1) Restricted leeway and (2) Commitments. Concerning the first main category, areas that managers highlight as important comprise the legal framework and regulations; workforce and market situation, production, finances; and occupational safety and health issues. Areas related to the second main category were advice from the board, guidance from mentors, work-related networks, and family and friends as buffers. One conclusion is that despite limited scope for developing workplace health anagement, managers find supportive guidance and inspiration from environments that are committed to helping them and their enterprise.
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- Hjorth-Hansen, A. K., et al.
(author)
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Real-time automatic quantification of left ventricular function by hand-held ultrasound devices in patients with suspected heart failure : a feasibility study of a diagnostic test with data from general practitioners, nurses and cardiologists
- 2022
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of hand-held ultrasound (HUD) examinations with real-time automatic decision-making software for ejection fraction (autoEF) and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (autoMAPSE) by novices (general practitioners), intermediate users (registered cardiac nurses) and expert users (cardiologists), respectively, compared to reference echocardiography by cardiologists in an outpatient cohort with suspected heart failure (HF). DESIGN: Feasibility study of a diagnostic test. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 166 patients with suspected HF underwent HUD examinations with autoEF and autoMAPSE measurements by five novices, three intermediate-skilled users and five experts. HUD results were compared with a reference echocardiography by experts. A blinded cardiologist scored all HUD recordings with automatic measurements as (1) discard, (2) accept, but adjust the measurement or (3) accept the measurement as it is. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The feasibility of automatic decision-making software for quantification of left ventricular function. RESULTS: The users were able to run autoEF and autoMAPSE in most patients. The feasibility for obtaining accepted images (score of ≥2) with automatic measurements ranged from 50% to 91%. The feasibility was lowest for novices and highest for experts for both autoEF and autoMAPSE (p≤0.001). Large coefficients of variation and wide coefficients of repeatability indicate moderate agreement. The corresponding intraclass correlations (ICC) were moderate to good (ICC 0.51-0.85) for intra-rater and poor (ICC 0.35-0.51) for inter-rater analyses. The findings of modest to poor agreement and reliability were not explained by the experience of the users alone. CONCLUSION: Novices, intermediate and expert users were able to record four-chamber views for automatic assessment of autoEF and autoMAPSE using HUD devices. The modest feasibility, agreement and reliability suggest this should not be implemented into clinical practice without further refinement and clinical evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03547076.
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- Kvalslund Bårdsgjerde, Elise, et al.
(author)
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Nurses' perceptions of patient participation in the myocardial infarction pathway
- 2020
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In: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 7:5, s. 1606-1615
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To explore nurses' perceptions of patient participation in different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway. Design: Qualitative design with a hermeneutical approach. Methods: Five focus groups were conducted at two hospitals, one with and one without percutaneous coronary intervention facilities, between February–November 2018. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Twenty-two nurses experienced in cardiac care participated. The analysis had a hermeneutical approach. Results: The findings revealed nurses' perceptions of patient participation in different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway. Four themes were identified: (a) variation between paternalism and autonomy in the acute phase; (b) individualization of dialogue and patient participation during treatment; (c) lack of coherence in the pathway hinders patient participation at discharge; and (d) cardiac rehabilitation promotes patients' autonomous decisions in lifestyle changes.
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- Kvangarsnes, Marit, et al.
(author)
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Pasientmedverknad ved akutt sjukdom : ein metasyntese av pasient og helsepersonellerfaringar
- 2020
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In: Michael. - Oslo : Michael - The Norwegian Medical Society. - 1504-0658. ; 17:24, s. 77-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ein metasyntese syner at pasientmedverknad under akutt sjukdom kan variere frå at pasienten tek autonome val til at pasientane blir møtt med paternalistiske haldningar. Når livreddande behandling må gjennomførast, er det risiko for at helsepersonell må gjennomføre behandling utan samtykke frå pasienten. Då er det fare for at pasienten kan oppleve situasjonen som krenkande. Akutt sjukdom fører ofte til krevjande samhandling mellom pasient og helsepersonell samt at helsepersonell opplever etiske dilemma. Pasientar opplever mangel på informasjon og har behov for samtaler om eksistensielle problem. Behandling ved akutt sjukdom krev særleg aktsemd for at pasienten ikkje skal misse tillit til helsepersonellet.
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- Landstad, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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A statistical human resources costing and accounting model for analysing the economic effects of an intervention at a workplace
- 2002
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In: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 45:11, s. 764-787
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study had two primary aims. The first aim was to combine a human resources costing and accounting approach (HRCA) with a quantitative statistical approach in order to get an integrated model. The second aim was to apply this integrated model in a quasi-experimental study in order to investigate whether preventive intervention affected sickness absence costs at the company level. The intervention studied contained occupational organizational measures, competence development, physical and psychosocial working environmental measures and individual and rehabilitation measures on both an individual and a group basis. The study is a quasi-experimental design with a non-randomized control group. Both groups involved cleaning jobs at predominantly female workplaces. The study plan involved carrying out before and after studies on both groups. The study included only those who were at the same workplace during the whole of the study period. In the HRCA model used here, the cost of sickness absence is the net difference between the costs, in the form of the value of the loss of production and the administrative cost, and the benefits in the form of lower labour costs. According to the HRCA model, the intervention used counteracted a rise in sickness absence costs at the company level, giving an average net effect of 266.5 Euros per person (full-time working) during an 8-month period. Using an analogue statistical analysis on the whole of the material, the contribution of the intervention counteracted a rise in sickness absence costs at the company level giving an average net effect of 283.2 Euros. Using a statistical method it was possible to study the regression coefficients in sub-groups and calculate the p-values for these coefficients; in the younger group the intervention gave a calculated net contribution of 605.6 Euros with a p-value of 0.073, while the intervention net contribution in the older group had a very high p-value. Using the statistical model it was also possible to study contributions of other variables and interactions. This study established that the HRCA model and the integrated model produced approximately the same monetary outcomes. The integrated model, however, allowed a deeper understanding of the various possible relationships and quantified the results with confidence intervals.
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- Landstad, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Brukermedvirkning i helsetjenesten : realitet og retorikk
- 2020
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In: Michael. - Oslo : Det norske medicinske Selskab. - 1504-0658. ; 17:24, s. 7-13
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- KattenKatten siti tunet når du kjem.Snakk litt med katten.Det er han som er varast i garden. Olav H. Hauge (1988) Dette diktet formidler en grunnleggende sannhet. Å lytte til dem som er til stede og nærværende, ligger til grunn også for brukermedvirkning i helsetjenesten. Helsehjelp angår først og fremst pasienter og pårørende, og helsepersonell skal ivareta deres interesser. Det er pasientene som erfarer sykdom på kropp og sinn, og det er pasienter og pårørende som må leve med konsekvensene av ulike behandlingsvalg. Det er derfor viktig at helsepersonell lytter til deres innsikt og erfaringer. Det er pasientene som er «varast i garden».
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