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| 4. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(author)
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Identification of vulnerable plaques and patients by intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound (PROSPECT II) : a prospective natural history study
- 2021
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In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 397:10278, s. 985-995
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound are promising imaging modalities to identify non-obstructive plaques likely to cause coronary-related events. We aimed to assess whether combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound can identify high-risk plaques and patients that are at risk for future major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).Methods: PROSPECT II is an investigator-sponsored, multicentre, prospective natural history study done at 14 university hospitals and two community hospitals in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. We recruited patients of any age with recent (within past 4 weeks) myocardial infarction. After treatment of all flow-limiting coronary lesions, three-vessel imaging was done with a combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound catheter. Untreated lesions (also known as non-culprit lesions) were identified by intravascular ultrasound and their lipid content was assessed by NIRS. The primary outcome was the covariate-adjusted rate of MACEs (the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or progressive angina) arising from untreated non-culprit lesions during follow-up. The relations between plaques with high lipid content, large plaque burden, and small lumen areas and patient-level and lesion-level events were determined. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02171065.Findings: Between June 10, 2014, and Dec 20, 2017, 3629 non-culprit lesions were characterised in 898 patients (153 [17%] women, 745 [83%] men; median age 63 [IQR 55-70] years). Median follow-up was 3.7 (IQR 3.0-4.4) years. Adverse events within 4 years occurred in 112 (13.2%, 95% CI 11.0-15.6) of 898 patients, with 66 (8.0%, 95% CI 6.2-10.0) arising from 78 untreated non-culprit lesions (mean baseline angiographic diameter stenosis 46.9% [SD 15.9]). Highly lipidic lesions (851 [24%] of 3500 lesions, present in 520 [59%] of 884 patients) were an independent predictor of patient-level non-culprit lesion-related MACEs (adjusted odds ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.25-4.13) and nonculprit lesion-specific MACEs (7.83, 4.12-14.89). Large plaque burden (787 [22%] of 3629 lesions, present in 530 [59%] of 898 patients) was also an independent predictor of non-culprit lesion-related MACEs. Lesions with both large plaque burden by intravascular ultrasound and large lipid-rich cores by NIRS had a 4-year non-culprit lesion-related MACE rate of 7.0% (95% CI 4.0-10.0). Patients in whom one or more such lesions were identified had a 4-year non-culprit lesion-related MACE rate of 13.2% (95% CI 9.4-17.6).Interpretation: Combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound detects angiographically non-obstructive lesions with a high lipid content and large plaque burden that are at increased risk for future adverse cardiac outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Gombrowicz, Witold
(author)
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Dagbog 1953-1958
- 2017
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Dansk oversættelse af Witold Gombrowicz: Dzienniki 1953-1958.
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| 6. |
- Gyldenkerne, Christine, et al.
(author)
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Coronary Artery Lesion Lipid Content and Plaque Burden in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients : PROSPECT II
- 2023
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In: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 147:6, s. 469-481
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes have increased rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). We hypothesized that this is explained by diabetes-associated differences in coronary plaque morphology and lipid content.METHODS: In PROSPECT II (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree), 898 patients with acute myocardial infarction with or without ST-segment elevation underwent 3-vessel quantitative coronary angiography and coregistered near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound imaging after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. Subsequent MACEs were adjudicated to either treated culprit lesions or untreated nonculprit lesions. This substudy stratified patients by diabetes status and assessed baseline culprit and nonculprit prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics defined as maximum plaque burden ≥70% and maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7. Separate covariate-adjusted multivariable models were performed to identify whether diabetes was associated with nonculprit lesion-related MACEs and high-risk plaque characteristics.RESULTS: Diabetes was present in 109 of 898 patients (12.1%). During a median 3.7-year follow-up, MACEs occurred more frequently in patients with versus without diabetes (20.1% versus 13.5% [odds ratio (OR), 1.94 (95% CI, 1.14-3.30)]), primarily attributable to increased risk of myocardial infarction related to culprit lesion restenosis (4.3% versus 1.1% [OR, 3.78 (95% CI, 1.12-12.77)]) and nonculprit lesion-related spontaneous myocardial infarction (9.3% versus 3.8% [OR, 2.74 (95% CI, 1.25-6.04)]). However, baseline prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics was similar for patients with versus without diabetes concerning culprit (maximum plaque burden ≥70%: 90% versus 93%, P=0.34; maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7: 66% versus 70%, P=0.49) and nonculprit lesions (maximum plaque burden ≥70%: 23% versus 22%, P=0.37; maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7: 26% versus 24%, P=0.47). In multivariable models, diabetes was associated with MACEs in nonculprit lesions (adjusted OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.21-5.04]) but not with prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics (adjusted OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.86-1.69]).CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with recent myocardial infarction, both treated and untreated lesions contributed to the diabetes-associated ≈2-fold increased MACE rate during the 3.7-year follow-up. Diabetes-related plaque characteristics that might underlie this increased risk were not identified by multimodality imaging.
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| 7. |
- Heradstveit, Bard E., et al.
(author)
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Capillary leakage in post-cardiac arrest survivors during therapeutic hypothermia : A prospective, randomised study
- 2010
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 18, s. 29-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Fluids are often given liberally after the return of spontaneous circulation. However, the optimal fluid regimen in survivors of cardiac arrest is unknown. Recent studies indicate an increased fluid requirement in post-cardiac arrest patients. During hypothermia, animal studies report extravasation in several organs, including the brain. We investigated two fluid strategies to determine whether the choice of fluid would influence fluid requirements, capillary leakage and oedema formation. Methods: 19 survivors with witnessed cardiac arrest of primary cardiac origin were allocated to either 7.2% hypertonic saline with 6% poly (O-2-hydroxyethyl) starch solution (HH) or standard fluid therapy (Ringer's Acetate and saline 9 mg/ml) (control). The patients were treated with the randomised fluid immediately after admission and continued for 24 hours of therapeutic hypothermia. Results: During the first 24 hours, the HH patients required significantly less i.v. fluid than the control patients (4750 ml versus 8010 ml, p = 0.019) with comparable use of vasopressors. Systemic vascular resistance was significantly reduced from 0 to 24 hours (p = 0.014), with no difference between the groups. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in serum and interstitial fluid (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014 respectively) decreased as a function of time in both groups, with a more pronounced reduction in interstitial COP in the crystalloid group. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain did not reveal vasogenic oedema. Conclusions: Post-cardiac arrest patients have high fluid requirements during therapeutic hypothermia, probably due to increased extravasation. The use of HH reduced the fluid requirement significantly. However, the lack of brain oedema in both groups suggests no superior fluid regimen. Cardiac index was significantly improved in the group treated with crystalloids. Although we do not associate HH with the renal failures that developed, caution should be taken when using hypertonic starch solutions in these patients.
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| 8. |
- Hjorth Larsen, Ask, et al.
(author)
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The atomic simulation environment-a Python library for working with atoms
- 2017
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In: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 29:27
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The atomic simulation environment (ASE) is a software package written in the Python programming language with the aim of setting up, steering, and analyzing atomistic simulations. In ASE, tasks are fully scripted in Python. The powerful syntax of Python combined with the NumPy array library make it possible to perform very complex simulation tasks. For example, a sequence of calculations may be performed with the use of a simple 'for-loop' construction. Calculations of energy, forces, stresses and other quantities are performed through interfaces to many external electronic structure codes or force fields using a uniform interface. On top of this calculator interface, ASE provides modules for performing many standard simulation tasks such as structure optimization, molecular dynamics, handling of constraints and performing nudged elastic band calculations.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Kurt, et al.
(author)
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Industrial minerals and rocks, aggregates and natural stones in the Nordic countries
- 2008
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In: Episodes. - : International Union of Geological Sciences. - 0705-3797 .- 2586-1298. ; 31:1, s. 133-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Nordic countries, including Greenland, have a long tradition in mining. The industrial minerals sector is expanding in most Nordic countries and extensive development has taken place during the last few years. The main commodities mined are carbonate rocks, quartz, feldspar, apatite, olivine and talc. A number of different types of dimension stones are quarried in all countries. Rock aggregates are increasingly important, replacing sand and gravel aggregate as construction materials in some countries due to the need to protect ground water supplies.
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| 11. |
- Madsen, Mads, et al.
(author)
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The “11 for Health in Denmark” intervention in 10- to 12-year-old Danish girls and boys and its effects on well-being—A large-scale cluster RCT
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 30:9, s. 1787-1795
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The present study investigates the well‐being effects for 10‐ to 12‐year‐old children who participated in the school‐based intervention “11 for Health in Denmark,” which comprises physical activity (PA) and health education. Subgroup analyses were carried out for boys and girls.Method: Three thousand sixty‐one children were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG) by 5:1 cluster randomization by school. 2533 children (mean age 11.5 ± 0.4; 49.7% boys) were assigned to IG and 528 children (mean age 11.4 ± 0.5; 50.8% boys) were assigned to CG. IG participated in the “11 for Health in Denmark” 11‐week program, consisting of 2 × 45 min per week of football drills, small‐sided games, and health education. CG did not participate in any intervention and continued with their regular education. Before and after the intervention period, both groups answered a shortened version of the multidimensional well‐being questionnaire KIDSCREEN‐27.Results: The “11 for Health in Denmark” intervention program had a positive effect on physical well‐being in girls (IG: 48.6 ± 8.5 to 50.2 ± 9.3), whereas the improvement was not significant in boys. The program also had a positive impact on well‐being scores for peers and social support (IG: 50.2 ± 10.2 to 50.8 ± 10.1), though when analyzed separately in the subgroups of boys and girls the changes were not significant. No between‐group differences were found for psychological well‐being or school environment.Conclusion: The intervention program had a positive between‐group effect on physical well‐being in girls, whereas the change was not significant in boys. The overall scores for peers and social support improved during the intervention period, but no subgroup differences were found. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 12. |
- Madsen, Mads, et al.
(author)
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Well-Being, Physical Fitness, and Health Profile of 2,203 Danish Girls Aged 10-12 in Relation to Leisure-time Sports Club Activity-With Special Emphasis on the Five Most Popular Sports
- 2022
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In: Strength and conditioning journal. - Philadelphia, PA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1524-1602 .- 1533-4295. ; 36:8, s. 2283-2290
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the relationship between leisure-time sports club activities and well-being as well as physical health parameters in 10-12-year-old Danish girls. Two thousand two hundred three girls took part in the study, which included questionnaires on participation in leisure-time sports clubs, well-being, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children's test, long jump, balance tests, body composition, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate (RHR). Data were analyzed according to whether the girls participated in leisure-time sport and according to the 5 most frequently reported sports. Girls enrolled in leisure-time sports had higher physical well-being (49.3 ± 8.6 vs. 45.2 ± 8.3), psychological well-being (50.4 ± 9.0 vs. 49.4 ± 9.8), experienced more peer and social support (50.2 ± 10.0 vs. 48.9 ± 10.7), and perceived a more positive school environment (52.5 ± 8.0 vs. 50.5 ± 9.3), as well as showing higher Yo-Yo (+39%), long jump (+10%), and balance performance (+15%) than girls not involved in sport clubs. The girls active in sports clubs had higher relative muscle mass (+5%), lower fat percentage (-11%), body mass index (-5%), RHR (-3.4 b·min-1), and diastolic BP (-1.4 mm Hg) compared with girls not involved in sport (p<0.05). Girls who played soccer showed higher aerobic fitness compared with inactive girls (+67%), dancers (+39%), swimmers (+38%), and gymnasts (+16%). Gymnasts had a lower fat percentage than inactive girls (-19%), team handballers (-10%), swimmers (-12%), and soccer players (-4%). Girls participating in club-based leisure-time sports showed higher well-being and better fitness and health profiles than girls not involved in any sports club activities. Girls involved in soccer had better aerobic fitness and gymnasts a lower fat percentage. Copyright © 2020 National Strength and Conditioning Association.
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| 13. |
- Mapelli, Valeria, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Biotechnology for production of bioactive seleno compounds and study of their influence on mouse metabolome
- 2011
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In: Natural Products Chemistry, Biology and Medicine IV Aug 28 - Sept 2, Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Organic seleno compounds are recognized as effective anti-oxidant agents and their bioactive role in prevention of certain forms of cancer has been suggested via in vitro studies and clinical trials. Among these compounds, Seleno-methyselenocysteine (SeMCys) and γ-glutamyl-SeMCys (γ-glu-SeMCys) are the most bioactive and the latter is the preferred storage form of selenium in Se-accumulator plants thanks to their Se-methyltransferase. Therefore, Se-accumulator edible plants such as Brassicaceae and Allioideae are the main source of SeMCys and γ-glu-SeMCys in the human diet. However, seasonal and environmental factors highly affect the content and the bioavailability of these bioactive compounds. A strategy to by-pass this problem and prevent selenium shortage in human diet is the production of Se-enriched yeast (Se-yeast) to be used as food supplement. In this work we show a biotechnological approach for production Se-yeast featured by higher content of SeMCys and γ-glu-SeMCys. Coupling of metabolic engineering and bioprocess optimization resulted in a Se-yeast with 24-fold increase of SeMCys levels, compared to commercial Se-yeast. The actual effect of the produced yeast has been evaluated in an animal study. In particular, as specific Se-compounds are known to activate phase II enzymes via the electrophile-responsive element (EpRE), this response was studied in transgenic mice expressing the luciferase gene under EpRE control. We observed no effect on regulation of EpRE, either overall or hepatic, by the different Se-supplements. Paradoxically, a decrease was observed in intestinal EpRE transactivation upon supplementation of the Se-yeast produced. The overall effect of the diet supplemented with Se-yeast on mouse metabolism is currently being evaluated by metabolome analysis of liver samples from the transgenic mice.
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| 14. |
- Matsumura, Mitsuaki, et al.
(author)
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Serial NIRS-IVUS Assessment of Changes in Coronary Lumen Area During 2-Year Follow-Up : Insights From the PROSPECT ABSORB Trial
- 2021
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In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 78:19 Suppl., s. B35-B36
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: In PROSPECT II, 182 patients with plaque burden (PB) ≥ 65% were randomized to bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) + guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) versus GDMT alone. Protocol-directed 3-vessel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-IVUS was repeated at 25 months.Methods: Excluding lesions treated by BVS, paired (baseline and follow-up) NIRS-IVUS was available in 626 nonculprit lesions in 165 patients. Follow-up minimum lumen area (MLA) and the corresponding baseline sites were measured: rapid lesion progression (RLP) was a ≥ 0.5 mm2 decrease of MLA, and rapid lesion regression (RLR) was a ≥ 0.5 mm2 increase of MLA.Results: RLP occurred in 34.5%, RLR occurred in 15.5%, and 49.8% had “no change.” The % change in vessel area correlated with the % change of plaque area (r = 0.81, P < 0.001), demonstrating vessel remodeling (Figure 1). At baseline, the RLP lesions had larger plaque areas, longer lesions, and higher prevalence of lipid-rich plaque (maxLCBI4mm ≥ 324.7). During follow-up, 80.2% of RLP lesions had negative remodeling irrespective of the change in plaque area, whereas 76.3% of RLR lesions had a decrease in plaque area irrespective of negative or positive remodeling. In lesions without change in lumen area, there were compensatory changes in plaque and vessel areas.Conclusion: In stabilized patients post-MI treated with GDMT, half of untreated non–flow- limiting lesions had significant lumen changes at 25 months, with RLP twice as frequent as RLR. The predominant mechanism of RLP was negative vessel remodeling whereas the predominant mechanism of RLR was reduction in plaque area.
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| 15. |
- Moslemi, Camous, et al.
(author)
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A large cohort study of the effects of Lewis, ABO, 13 other blood groups, and secretor status on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and long COVID-19
- 2023
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In: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 63:1, s. 47-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have reported Blood type O to confer a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while secretor status and other blood groups have been suspected to have a similar effect as well. Study design and methods: To determine whether any other blood groups influence testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 severity, or prolonged COVID-19, we used a large cohort of 650,156 Danish blood donors with varying available data for secretor status and blood groups ABO, Rh, Colton, Duffy, Diego, Dombrock, Kell, Kidd, Knops, Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, P1PK, Vel, and Yt. Of these, 36,068 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 whereas 614,088 tested negative between 2020-02-17 and 2021-08-04. Associations between infection and blood groups were assessed using logistic regression models with sex and age as covariates. Results: The Lewis blood group antigen Lea displayed strongly reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility OR 0.85 CI[0.79–0.93] p <.001. Compared to blood type O, the blood types B, A, and AB were found more susceptible toward infection with ORs 1.1 CI[1.06–1.14] p <.001, 1.17 CI[1.14–1.2] p <.001, and 1.2 CI[1.14–1.26] p <.001, respectively. No susceptibility associations were found for the other 13 blood groups investigated. There was no association between any blood groups and COVID-19 hospitalization or long COVID-19. No secretor status associations were found. Discussion: This study uncovers a new association to reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility for Lewis type Lea and confirms the previous link to blood group O. The new association to Lea could be explained by a link between mucosal microbiome and SARS-CoV-2.
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| 16. |
- Moslemi, Camous, et al.
(author)
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Genetic prediction of 33 blood group phenotypes using an existing genotype dataset
- 2023
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In: Transfusion. - 0041-1132. ; 63:12, s. 2297-2310
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Accurate blood type data are essential for blood bank management, but due to costs, few of 43 blood group systems are routinely determined in Danish blood banks. However, a more comprehensive dataset of blood types is useful in scenarios such as rare blood type allocation. We aimed to investigate the viability and accuracy of predicting blood types by leveraging an existing dataset of imputed genotypes for two cohorts of approximately 90,000 each (Danish Blood Donor Study and Copenhagen Biobank) and present a more comprehensive overview of blood types for our Danish donor cohort. Study Design and Methods: Blood types were predicted from genome array data using known variant determinants. Prediction accuracy was confirmed by comparing with preexisting serological blood types. The Vel blood group was used to test the viability of using genetic prediction to narrow down the list of candidate donors with rare blood types. Results: Predicted phenotypes showed a high balanced accuracy >99.5% in most cases: A, B, C/c, Coa/Cob, Doa/Dob, E/e, Jka/Jkb, Kna/Knb, Kpa/Kpb, M/N, S/s, Sda, Se, and Yta/Ytb, while some performed slightly worse: Fya/Fyb, K/k, Lua/Lub, and Vel ~99%–98% and CW and P1 ~96%. Genetic prediction identified 70 potential Vel negatives in our cohort, 64 of whom were confirmed correct using polymerase chain reaction (negative predictive value: 91.5%). Discussion: High genetic prediction accuracy in most blood groups demonstrated the viability of generating blood types using preexisting genotype data at no cost and successfully narrowed the pool of potential individuals with the rare Vel-negative phenotype from 180,000 to 70.
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| 17. |
- Rasmussen, Rasmus V, et al.
(author)
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One-year mortality in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis.
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 41:6-7, s. 456-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate in-hospital mortality and 12-month mortality in patients with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) compared to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infective endocarditis (IE). We used a prospective cohort study of 66 consecutive CoNS and 170 S. aureus IE patients, collected at 2 tertiary university hospitals in Copenhagen (Denmark) and at 1 tertiary university hospital in Gothenburg (Sweden). Median (range) C-reactive protein at admission was higher in patients with S. aureus IE (150 mg/l (1-521) vs 94 mg/l (6-303); p<0.001), which may suggest a more serous infection. CoNS was associated with prosthetic valve IE (49% vs 24%; p<0.001) and median diagnostic delay was longer in CoNS IE patients (20 d (0-232) vs 9 d (0-132); p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was equally high in both groups but 25% of the CoNS IE patients had died after 1 y compared to 39% of patients with S. aureus IE (p =0.05). In conclusion, CoNS IE was associated with a long diagnostic delay and high in-hospital mortality, whereas post-discharge prognosis was better in this group of patients compared to patients with IE due to S. aureus.
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| 18. |
- Vad, Rune, et al.
(author)
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PR interval prolongation and 1-year mortality among emergency department patients : A multicentre transnational cohort study
- 2021
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives Emerging evidence supports that PR interval prolongation is associated with increased mortality. However, most previous studies have limited confounder control, and clinical impact in a population of acute ill patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1-year all-cause mortality was increased in patients presenting with PR interval prolongation in the emergency department (ED). Design and setting We conducted a register-based cohort study in two Swedish and two Danish EDs. We included all adult patients with an ECG performed at arrival to the Danish EDs during March 2013 to May 2014 and Swedish EDs during January 2010 to January 2011. Using propensity score matching, we analysed HR for 1-year all-cause mortality comparing patients with PR interval prolongation (>200 ms) and normal PR interval (120-200 ms). Participants and results We included 106 124 patients. PR interval prolongation occurred in 8.9% (95% CI 8.7% to 9.0%); these patients were older and had more comorbidity than those with a normal PR interval. The absolute 1-year risk of death was 13% (95% CI 12.3% to 13.7%) for patients with PR interval prolongation and 7.9% (95% CI 7.7% to 8.0%) for those without. After confounder adjustments by propensity score matching, PR interval prolongation showed no association with 1-year mortality with a HR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.93% to 1.08%). Conclusion PR interval prolongation does not constitute an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality in ED patients.
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| 19. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Group training in patients with COPD : long-term effects of decreased training frequency
- 2005
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In: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 27:10, s. 571-581
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose.To investigate effects of decreased training frequency in patients with COPD. Methods.Forty-three COPD patients participated in a controlled study. The intervention group (30 patients) trained 3 times a week during 3 months and once a week during 6 months. Before, after 3 and 9 months all patients performed walking tests, cycle ergometer tests and responded questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SGRQ, SF-36). Results.At 9 months compared to 3 months there were no changes in distance walked in the groups. Both groups decreased their VO2peak and the training group deteriorated in HRQoL. At 9 months compared to baseline the training group showed increased distance walked compared to the control group. In the disease-specific SGRQ the training group tended to improve their activity score while the control group tended to deteriorate in total score. In SF-36 the control group decreased their physical component score. Conclusion.Training once a week does not seem to be sufficient to maintain the level achieved after the 3-month period of training in COPD patients. However, training once a week during 6 months preceded by 3 months of high frequency training seems to prevent deterioration in physical capacity and HRQoL compared to baseline. Further studies are needed to investigate how to best sustain the benefits gained after physical training.
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| 20. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(author)
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High intensity physical training in water : an effective training modality for patients with COPD
- 2004
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In: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 98:5, s. 428-438
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high intensity physical group training in water and on land for patients with COPD with regard to physical capacity and health related quality of life (HRQoL). A controlled, semi-randomised study was conducted where 30 patients were randomised to training either in water or on land. Thirteen patients constituted a control group. Forty-three outpatients, with moderate to severe COPD (27w/16m), from two local hospitals in northern Sweden, were included in the study. High intensity physical group training in water (water group) or on land (land group) was performed for 12weeks, three times per week, 45min per session. The control group received no intervention. Pre- and post-intervention, all patients performed incremental and endurance shuttle walking tests (ISWT and ESWT), cycle ergometer tests and responded questionnaires about HRQoL (St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire--SGRQ and SF-36). The patients trained with a mean heart rate of 80-90% of peak heart rate. Both training groups increased the distance walked, i.e. land group in ISWT (25m) and water group in ESWT (179m). The water group increased the distance in ESWT significantly more that both the land and the control groups. Both training groups increased the time cycled (40-85s) and work load (10-20W) in the cycle ergometer test. The control group deteriorated in HRQoL according to total score in SGRQ while the training groups remained constant. The water group improved their activity score in SGRQ and their physical health score in SF-36 and those improvements were significant as compared to the land and the control groups. In conclusion, high intensity physical group training in water is of benefit for patients with COPD. It was in some areas found to be even more effective regarding improvements in physical capacity and experienced physical health compared to the same kind of training on land.
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| 21. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Muscle performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : Effects of a physical training programme
- 2005
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In: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 7:2, s. 51-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main aim was to evaluate how thigh muscle performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is affected after a 3-month training programme. Another aim was to investigate if responders to training could be discriminated from non-responders. Thirty patients participated in high-intensity physical training in water or on land, three times per week, and 13 patients constituted a non-training control group. Maximal dynamic strength and endurance in thigh muscles were tested in an isokinetic dynamometer (KinCom) before and after training. At baseline, physical and pulmonary function were tested and used in the analysis of responders/non-responders. Maximal knee flexion strength improved in both training groups, whereas knee extension was improved in the land and control group. Sixty-four percent of all patients were not able to complete the muscle endurance test at baseline and no change was seen in muscle endurance after training within or between groups. A normal body mass index seemed to predict an improvement in muscle performance in responders. We conclude that physical training in water and on land is effective regarding maximal thigh muscle strength in COPD patients. BMI seems to be a discriminating factor for an increased muscle strength. Thigh muscle endurance was decreased in the majority of the patients and did not improve with the evaluated training programme.
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| 22. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Physical training with and without oxygen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exerciseinduced hypoxaemia
- 2001
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 33:5, s. 200-205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A randomized, controlled, single-blind study was performed on 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise-induced hypoxaemia. Ten patients each were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one training with air and the other training with oxygen. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding values measured prior to the study. The patients trained 3 times per week for 30 minutes each time for a duration of 8 weeks. The training consisted of interval walking on a treadmill (intensity set according to Borg ratings) with either air or oxygen administered through a nasal cannula at a rate of 5 l/min. Training significantly improved the 6-minute walking distance by 20% and 14% in the air and oxygen group, respectively, when the patients were tested on air. In the same test the air group significantly decreased Borg ratings for perceived exertion. Borg ratings for dyspnoea and perceived exertion significantly decreased in the oxygen group when they were tested on oxygen. It was concluded that oxygen supplementation did not further improve the training effect, compared with training with air, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise-induced hypoxaemia.
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| 23. |
- Weihed, Pär, et al.
(author)
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Metallic mineral deposits in the Nordic countries
- 2008
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In: Episodes. - : International Union of Geological Sciences. - 0705-3797 .- 2586-1298. ; 31:1, s. 125-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Nordic countries, including Greenland, have a long tradition in mining. Documented mining dates back to the 8th century AD. Today this region is the most important metallic mining district of the European Union. Metals are producedfrom active mines in all countries except Iceland and related industries are thriving in all countries. Important ore deposit types include: volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, Ag), orogenic gold deposits (Au), layered intrusions (Ni, PGE, Ti±V), intrusive hosted Cu-Au, apatite-Fe deposits, Cr and anorthosite hosted Ti deposits. Besides these welldocumented deposits, new kinds of deposits are being explored, e.g., iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), and shalehosted Ni-Zn-Cu and different types of uranium deposits.
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