| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Fördomar skadar många med fetma
- 2018
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In: Svenska Dagbladet Debatt. - 1101-2412.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Ahlin, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Fracture risk after three bariatric surgery procedures in Swedish obese subjects : up to 26 years follow-up of a controlled intervention study
- 2020
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 287:5, s. 546-557
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have reported an increased fracture risk after bariatric surgery. Objective: To investigate the association between different bariatric surgery procedures and fracture risk. Methods: Incidence rates and hazard ratios for fracture events were analysed in the Swedish Obese Subjects study; an ongoing, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled intervention study. Hazard ratios were adjusted for risk factors for osteoporosis and year of inclusion. Information on fracture events were captured from the Swedish National Patient Register. The current analysis includes 2007 patients treated with bariatric surgery (13.3% gastric bypass, 18.7% gastric banding, and 68.0% vertical banded gastroplasty) and 2040 control patients with obesity matched on group level based on 18 variables. Median follow-up was between 15.1 and 17.9 years for the different treatment groups. Results: During follow-up, the highest incidence rate for first-time fracture was observed in the gastric bypass group (22.9 per 1000 person-years). The corresponding incidence rates were 10.4, 10.7 and 9.3 per 1000 person-years for the vertical banded gastroplasty, gastric banding and control groups, respectively. The risk of fracture was increased in the gastric bypass group compared with the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–3.31; P < 0.001), the gastric banding group (adjHR 1.99; 95%CI 1.41–2.82; P < 0.001), and the vertical banded gastroplasty group (adjHR 2.15; 95% CI 1.66–2.79; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The risk of fracture is increased after gastric bypass surgery. Our findings highlight the need for long-term follow-up of bone health for patients undergoing this treatment.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Antonsson, Malin, 1986, et al.
(author)
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High-level language ability in healthy individuals and its relationship with verbal working memory
- 2016
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In: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 30:12, s. 944-958
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aims of the study were to investigate healthy subjects' performance on a clinical test of high-level language (HLL) and how it is related to demographic characteristics and verbal working memory (VWM). One hundred healthy subjects (20-79 years old) were assessed with the Swedish BeSS test (Laakso, Brunnegard, Hartelius, & Ahlsen, 2000) and two digit span tasks. Relationships between the demographic variables, VWM and BeSS were investigated both with bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis. The results present the norms for BeSS. The correlations and multiple regression analysis show that demographic variables had limited influence on test performance. Measures of VWM were moderately related to total BeSS score and weakly to moderately correlated with five of the seven subtests. To conclude, education has an influence on the test as a whole but measures of VWM stood out as the most robust predictor of HLL.
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| 6. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-
(author)
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Boosting behavioral change in residential electricity consumption : demand response programs and feedback
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As part of realizing national and European climate ambitions, it is imperative to bring about increased energy efficiency and consumption flexibility in the residential sector of the Swedish power market. In addition to governmental policy instruments to this end, market-based measures play an important role in making behavioral change in domestic electricity use happen. In light of the prevailing lack of incentives for residential consumers to save electricity and cut peak demand at times of physical and financial market constraints, the research studies that form the basis of this thesis have the aim of adding to the body of knowledge on policy instruments for the purpose of boosting behavioral change in residential electricity consumption. The research has accordingly contributed to the general statistics on residential electricity consumption, which constitute the starting point for policy instrument development, and augmented knowledge on the merits of residential demand response programs involving hourly settlements in power trading and demand-based, time-of-use tariffs in power distribution as well as graphic feedback on individual households’ electricity use by means of a statistics service provided over the Internet. The overall results have shown that household behavior, together with physical factors such as heating systems, help explain the sizeable differences in electricity consumption among homeowners. Statistical analysis of variance has in this context proven to be an effective method for identifying key indicators of policy development. Power suppliers and electricity consumers as well as society as a whole have been found to gain substantially from hourly settlements in retail. To suppliers, the greatest benefits are associated with risk management, while the major advantage to customers is that they are provided with an opportunity to reduce their electricity costs. It has also been empirically demonstrated that electricity users are willing to adjust their consumption to a demand-based, time-varying distribution tariff. Households generally have a favorable attitude towards this type of distribution tariff, seeing as they indirectly have a positive impact on the environment. Providing households with feedback over the Internet on their individual electricity use and demand has been shown to contribute to an increased awareness and lead to energy efficiency in homes. Easy accessibility and simplicity have proven to be key success factors in this context. Combining conventional bar charts, color symbolism and historic feedback is expedient in this respect.
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| 7. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(author)
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A preference for dialogue: exploring the influence of patient preferences on clinical decision making and treatment in primary care physiotherapy
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-9169 .- 2167-9177. ; 21:2, s. 107-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Eliciting and considering patients’ preferences is essential to any clinical encounter and to good, high quality health care. Little research exists on how preferences are accommodated in decision making and how they influence treatment and rehabilitation. Aims: To explore perceptions of patients with musculoskeletal pain regarding how their preferences were accommodated in clinical decision making and influenced their rehabilitation, and whether their preferences changed during their rehabilitation. Methods: Qualitative interview study. Results: Participants’ preferences had, for the most part, influenced both choice of treatment and rehabilitation as a whole. While preferences were expressed to various extents, and largely perceived to be accommodated in the decision process, a good dialogue was considered essential for collaborative rehabilitation. Treatment decisions were to a large extent made jointly by the physiotherapist and the patient. Regardless of the strength of the preferences, participants appreciated the dialogue with the physiotherapist and the opportunity to discuss treatment options. The participants described how the physiotherapy episode of care had influenced their perceptions of and preferences for different treatment methods. Conclusions: The findings emphasise the importance of eliciting patient preferences, two-way communication and discussing treatment options, in order to stimulate collaborative rehabilitation.
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| 8. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958-
(author)
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Advancing evidence-based practice in primary care physiotherapy : Guideline implementation, clinical practice, and patient preferences
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research on physiotherapy treatment interventions has increased dramatically in the past 25 years and it is a challenge to transfer research findings into clinical practice, so that patients benefit from effective treatment. Development of clinical practice guidelines is a potentially useful strategy to implement research evidence into practice. However, the impact of guideline implementation in Swedish primary care physiotherapy is unknown. To achieve evidence-based practice (EBP), research evidence should be integrated with clinical expertise and patient preferences, but knowledge is limited about these factors in Swedish primary care physiotherapy.The overall aim of this thesis was to increase understanding of factors of importance for the implementation of EBP in Swedish primary care physiotherapy. Specific aims were: to translate and adapt a questionnaire for the measurement of EBP and guidelines; to investigate physiotherapists’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviour related to EBP and guidelines; to examine clinical practice patterns; to evaluate the effects of a tailored guideline implementation strategy; and to explore patients’ preferences for physiotherapy.The thesis comprises four studies (A-D), reported in five papers. In Study A, a questionnaire for the measurement of EBP and guidelines was translated, cross-culturally adapted, and tested for validity (n=10) and reliability (n=42). Study B was a cross-sectional study in which this questionnaire was used to survey primary care physiotherapists in the county council Region Västra Götaland (n=271). In Study C, a strategy for the implementation of guidelines was developed and evaluated, using the same questionnaire (n=271 at baseline, n=256 at follow-up), in a prospective controlled trial. The strategy was based on an implementation model, was tailored to address the determinants of guideline use identified in Study B, and comprised several components including an educational seminar. Study D was an exploratory qualitative study of patients with musculoskeletal disorders (n=20), using qualitative content analysis.The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory. Most physiotherapists have a positive regard for EBP and guidelines, although these attitudes are not fully reflected in the reported use of guidelines. The most important determinants of guideline use were considering guidelines important to facilitate practice and knowing how to integrate patient preferences with guidelines. The tailored, multi-component guideline implementation significantly affected awareness of, knowledge of, and access to guidelines. Use of guidelines was significantly affected among those who attended an implementation seminar. Clinical practice for common musculoskeletal conditions included interventions supported by evidence of various strengths as well as interventions with insufficient research evidence. The most frequently reported interventions were advice and exercise therapy. The interviewed patients expressed trust and confidence in the professionalism of physiotherapists and in the therapists’ ability to choose appropriate treatment, rendering treatment preferences subordinate. This trust seemed to foster active engagement in their physiotherapy.In conclusion: The adapted questionnaire can be used to reliably measure EBP in physiotherapy. The positive attitudes found do not necessarily translate to guideline use, due to several perceived barriers. The tailored guideline implementation strategy used can be effective to reduce barriers and contribute to increased use of guidelines. The clinical practice patterns identified suggest that physiotherapists rely both on research evidence and their clinical expertise when choosing treatment methods. Patients’ trust in their physiotherapist’s competence and preference for active engagement in their therapy need to be embraced by the clinician and, together with the therapist’s clinical expertise, integrated with guideline use in the clinical decision making. Further research is needed on how the EBP components and different knowledge sources can be integrated in physiotherapy practice, as well as on implementation effects on patient outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Clinical practice in line with evidence? A survey among primary care physiotherapists in western Sweden
- 2015
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In: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 21:6, s. 1169-1177
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale, aims and objectives Evidence-based practice is becoming increasingly important in primary care physiotherapy. Clinical practice needs to reflect current best evidence and be concordant with evidence-based clinical guidelines. There is limited knowledge about therapeutic interventions used in primary care physiotherapy in Sweden. The objectives were to examine preferred treatment interventions reported by publicly employed physiotherapists in primary care for three common musculoskeletal disorders (low back pain, neck pain and subacromial pain), the extent to which these interventions were supported by evidence, and associations with demographic variables. Methods 419 physiotherapists in primary care in western Sweden were surveyed using a validated web-based questionnaire. Results The survey was completed by 271 respondents (65%). Median number of interventions reported was 7 (range 1-16). The most common treatment interventions across the three conditions were advice on posture (reported by 82-94%), advice to stay active (86-92%), and different types of exercise (65-92%). Most of these interventions were supported by evidence. However, interventions with insufficient evidence, such as advice on posture, TENS and aquatic exercise, were also used by 29-96%. Modalities such as laser therapy and ultrasound were sparingly used (< 5%), which is in line with evidence. For neck pain, use of evidence-based interventions was associated with gender and for subacromial pain, with work experience. Conclusions Advice and exercise therapy were the interventions most frequently reported across the three diagnoses, illustrating an active treatment strategy. While most reported interventions are supported by evidence, interventions with unclear or no evidence of effect were also used to a high extent.
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| 10. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Determinants of Guideline Use in Primary Care Physical Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behavior
- 2014
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In: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 94:3, s. 343-354
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Understanding of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior related to evidence-based practice (ESP) and use of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in primary care physical therapy is limited. Objectives. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate self-reported attitudes, knowledge, behavior, prerequisites, and barriers related to EBP and guideline use among physical therapists in primary care and (2) to explore associations of self-reported use of guidelines with these social cognitive factors 'along with demographic and workplace characteristics. Methods. A web-based survey of 419 physical therapists in primary care in western Sweden was performed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with guideline use. Results. The response rate was 64.7%. Most respondents had positive attitudes toward EBP and guidelines: 90% considered EBP necessary, and 96% considered guidelines important. Approximately two thirds reported confidence in finding and using evidence. One third reported being aware of guidelines. Thirteen percent knew where to find guidelines, and only 9% reported having easy access to guidelines. Fewer than half reported using guidelines frequently. The most important barriers to using guidelines were lack of time, poor availability, and limited access to guidelines. Young age and brief work experience were associated with positive attitudes toward EBP. A postgraduate degree was associated with higher application of EBP. Positive attitudes, awareness of guidelines, considering guidelines to facilitate practice, and knowing how to integrate patient preferences with guideline use were associated with frequent use of guidelines. Limitations. Data were self-reported, which may have increased the risk of social.desirability bias. Conclusions. Use of guidelines was not as frequent as could be expected in view of the positive attitudes toward EBP and guidelines among physical therapists. Awareness of and perceived access to guidelines were limited. The identified determinants can be addressed when developing 'guideline implementation strategies.
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| 11. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of a tailored, multi-component intervention for implementation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in primary care physical therapy: a non-randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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In: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines are important for transmitting research findings into practice and facilitating the application of evidence-based practice (EBP). There is a paucity of knowledge about the impact of guideline implementation strategies in primary care physical therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a guideline implementation intervention in primary care physical therapy in western Sweden. Methods An implementation strategy based on theory and current evidence was developed. A tailored, multi-component implementation intervention, addressing earlier identified determinants, was carried out in three areas comprising 28 physical therapy practices including 277 physical therapists (PTs) (intervention group). In two adjacent areas, 171 PTs at 32 practices received no intervention (control group). The core component of the intervention was an implementation seminar with group discussions. Among other components were a website and email reminders. Data were collected at baseline and follow-up with a web-based questionnaire. Primary outcomes were the self-reported awareness of, knowledge of, access to, and use of guidelines. Secondary outcomes were self-reported attitudes toward EBP and guidelines. Analyses were performed using Pearson’s χ2 test and approximative z-test. Results 168 PTs (60.6%) in the intervention group and 88 PTs (51.5%) in the control group responded to the follow-up questionnaire. 186/277 PTs (67.1%) participated in the implementation seminars, of which 97 (52.2%) responded. The proportions of PTs reporting awareness of (absolute difference in change 20.6%, p = 0.023), knowledge where to find (20.4%, p = 0.007), access to (21.7%, p < 0.001), and frequent use of (9.5%, NS) guidelines increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. The proportion of PTs reporting frequent guideline use after participation in the implementation seminar was 15.2% (p = 0.043) higher than the proportion in the control group. A higher proportion considered EBP helpful in decision making (p = 0.018). There were no other significant differences in secondary outcomes. Conclusions A tailored, theory- and evidence-informed, multi-component intervention for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines had a modest, positive effect on awareness of, knowledge of, access to, and use of guidelines, among PTs in primary care in western Sweden. In general, attitudes to EBP and guidelines were not affected.
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| 12. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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"In the physio we trust": A qualitative study on patients' preferences for physiotherapy
- 2017
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In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 33:7, s. 535-549
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patients' preferences should be integrated in evidence-based practice. This study aimed to explore patients' preferences for physiotherapy treatment and participation in decision making. Methods: A qualitative study set in an urban physiotherapy clinic in Gothenburg, Sweden. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 individuals who sought physiotherapy for musculoskeletal disorders. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: An overarching theme, embracing six categories, was conceptualized: Trust in the physiotherapist fosters active engagement in therapy. The participants preferred active treatment strategies such as exercise and advice for self-management, allowing them to actively engage in their therapy. Some preferred passive treatments. Key influencers on treatment preferences were previous experiences and media. All participants wanted to be involved in the clinical decision making, but to varying extents. Some expressed a preference for an active role and wanting to share decisions while others were content with a passive role. Expectations for a professional management were reflected in trust and confidence in physiotherapists' skills and competence, expectations for good outcomes, and believing that treatment methods should be evidence-based. Conclusion: Trust in the physiotherapist's competence, as well as a desire to participate in clinical decision making, fosters active engagement in physiotherapy.
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| 13. |
- Bodensten, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Inledning
- 2018
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In: Nordens historiker : En vänbok till Harald Gustafsson - En vänbok till Harald Gustafsson. - 1650-755X. - 9789188473592 - 9789188473608 ; 28, s. 9-13
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Long-term incidence of microvascular disease after bariatric surgery or usual care in patients with obesity, stratified by baseline glycaemic status: a post-hoc analysis of participants from the Swedish Obese Subjects study.
- 2017
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In: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595. ; 5:4, s. 271-279
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bariatric surgery is associated with remission of diabetes and prevention of diabetic complications in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Long-term effects of bariatric surgery on microvascular complications in patients with prediabetes are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of bariatric surgery on incidence of microvascular complications in patients with obesity stratified by baseline glycaemic status.Patients were recruited to the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study between Sept 1, 1987, and Jan 31, 2001. Inclusion criteria were age 37-60 years and BMI of 34 kg/m(2) or greater in men and 38 kg/m(2) or greater in women. Exclusion criteria were identical in surgery and control groups and designed to exclude patients not suitable for surgery. The surgery group (n=2010) underwent gastric bypass (265 [13%]), gastric banding (376 [19%]), or vertical-banded gastroplasty (1369 [68%]). Participants in the control group (n=2037) received usual care. Bodyweight was measured and questionnaires were completed at baseline and at 0·5 years, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 6 years, 8 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years. Biochemical variables were measured at baseline and at 2 years, 10 years, and 15 years. We categorised participants into subgroups on the basis of baseline glycaemic status (normal [fasting blood glucose concentration <5·0 mmol/L], prediabetes [5·0-6·0 mmol/L], screen-detected diabetes [≥6·1 mmol/L at baseline visit without previous diagnosis], and established diabetes [diagnosis of diabetes before study inclusion]). We obtained data about first incidence of microvascular disease from nationwide registers and about diabetes incidence at study visits at 2 years, 10 years, and 15 years. We did the main analysis by intention to treat, and subgroup analyses after stratification by baseline glycaemic status and by diabetes status at the 15 year follow-up. The SOS study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01479452.4032 of the 4047 participants in the SOS study were included in this analysis. We excluded four patients with suspected type 1 diabetes, and 11 patients with unknown glycaemic status at baseline. At baseline, 2838 patients had normal blood glucose, 591 had prediabetes, 246 had screen-detected diabetes, and 357 had established diabetes. Median follow-up was 19 years (IQR 16-21). We identified 374 incident cases of microvascular disease in the control group and 224 in the surgery group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·56, 95% CI 0·48-0·66; p<0·0001). Interaction between baseline glycaemic status and effect of treatment on incidence of microvascular disease was significant (p=0·0003). Unadjusted HRs were lowest in the subgroup with prediabetes (0·18, 95% CI 0·11-0·30), followed by subgroups with screen-detected diabetes (0·39, 0·24-0·65), established diabetes (0·54, 0·40-0·72), and normoglycaemia (0·63, 0·48-0·81). Surgery was associated with reduced incidence of microvascular events in people with prediabetes regardless of whether they developed diabetes during follow-up.Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced risk of microvascular complications in all subgroups, but the greatest relative risk reduction was observed in patients with prediabetes at baseline. Our results suggest that prediabetes should be treated aggressively to prevent future microvascular events, and effective non-surgical treatments need to be developed for this purpose.US National Institutes of Health, Swedish Research Council, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Regional Agreement on Medical Education and Research, and Swedish Diabetes Foundation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Delanaye, Pierre, et al.
(author)
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Performance of creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in White and Black populations in Europe, Brazil, and Africa
- 2022
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In: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press. - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 38:1, s. 106-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equation without race variable has been recently proposed (CKD-EPIAS). This equation has neither been validated outside USA nor compared to the new European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) and Lund-Malmö Revised (LMREV) equations, developed in European cohorts.METHODS: Standardized creatinine and measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from the European EKFC cohorts (n = 13 856 including 6031 individuals in the external validation cohort), from France, (n = 4429, including 964 Black Europeans), from Brazil (n = 100), and from Africa (n = 508) were used to test the performances of the equations. A matched analysis between White Europeans and Black Africans or Black Europeans was performed.RESULTS: In White Europeans (n = 9496), both the EKFC and LMREV equations outperformed CKD-EPIAS (bias of -0.6 and -3.2, respectively versus 5.0 mL/min/1.73m², and accuracy within 30% of 86.9 and 87.4, respectively versus 80.9%). In Black Europeans and Black Africans, the best performance was observed with the EKFC equation using a specific Q-value ( = concentration of serum creatinine in healthy males and females). These results were confirmed in matched analyses, which showed that serum creatinine concentrations were different in White Europeans, Black Europeans, and Black Africans for the same measured GFR, age, sex and body mass index. Creatinine differences were more relevant in males.CONCLUSION: In a European and African cohort, the performances of CKD-EPIAS remain suboptimal. The EKFC equation, using usual or dedicated, population-specific Q-values presents the best performance in the whole age range in the European and African populations included in this study.
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| 20. |
- Delanaye, Pierre, et al.
(author)
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Performance of creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate with a methodology adapted to the context of drug dosage adjustment
- 2022
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In: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0306-5251 .- 1365-2125. ; 88:5, s. 2118-2127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) creatinine-based equation is still used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for drug dosage adjustment. Incorrect eGFR may lead to hazardous over- or underdosing METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, CG was validated against measured GFR (mGFR) in 14,804 participants and compared with the Modification-of-Diet-in-Renal-Diseases (MDRD), Chronic-Kidney-Disease-Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), Lund-Malmö-Revised (LMR), and European-Kidney-Function-Consortium (EKFC) equations. Validation focused on bias, imprecision, and accuracy (percentage of estimates within ±30% of mGFR, P30), overall and stratified for mGFR, age, and body mass index at mGFR <60 mL/min, as well as classification in mGFR stages.RESULTS: The CG equation performed worse than the other equations, overall and in mGFR, age and BMI subgroups in terms of bias (systematic overestimation), imprecision and accuracy except for patients ≥65 years where bias and P30 were similar to MDRD and CKD-EPI, but worse than LMR and EKFC. In subjects with mGFR<60 mL/min and at BMI [18.5-25[kg/m2 , all equations performed similarly and for BMI<18.5kg/m2 CG and LMR had the best results though all equations had poor P30-accuracy. At BMI≥25kg/m2 the bias of the CG increased with increasing BMI (+17.2mL/min at BMI≥40kg/m2 ). The four more recent equations also classified mGFR stages better than CG.CONCLUSIONS: The CG equation showed poor ability to estimate GFR overall and in analyses stratified for GFR, age, and BMI. CG was inferior to correctly classify the patients in the mGFR staging compared to more recent creatinine-based equations.
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| 21. |
- Edgren, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Nordiskt samarbete och vetenskaplig persona : De nordiska historikermötena på 1920-talet
- 2018
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In: Nordens historiker : En vänbok till Harald Gustafsson - En vänbok till Harald Gustafsson. - 1650-755X. - 9789188473592 - 9789188473608 ; :28, s. 159-173
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna artikel diskuteras de nordiska historikermötena på 1920-talet. Motsättningar mellan de så kallade historisk-kritiska historikerna (Arup och Wiebull) å ena sidan och mer samarbetsorienterade historiker (Friis och Koht) å den andra diskuteras och tolkas utifrån begreppet vetenskaplig persona. Även synen på det nationella kontra det internationella behandlas.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Grindebacke, Hanna, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Specific Immunotherapy to Birch Allergen Does not Enhance Suppression of Th2 Cells by CD4(+)CD25 (+) Regulatory T Cells During Pollen Season.
- 2009
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In: Journal of clinical immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2592 .- 0271-9142. ; 29:6, s. 752-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive capacity of CD25(+) regulatory T cells on birch allergen-induced T-cell responses during the first birch pollen season after initiation of specific immunotherapy (SIT). METHODS: CD25(pos) and CD25(neg) T cells were purified from blood of birch-allergic SIT patients and birch-allergic controls, stimulated with birch pollen extract, and analyzed for T-cell proliferation and production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10. RESULTS: We show that allergen-induced proliferation and IFN-gamma production were suppressed equally well by CD25(pos) T cells from SIT patients and controls, while the IL-5 production was not suppressed by either of the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in SIT patients relative to controls only when CD25(neg) and CD25(pos) were cultured together. Furthermore, neither FOXP3 levels nor proportions of CD25(high) T cells were enhanced in SIT patients compared to allergic controls. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that the Th2-suppressive capacity of allergen-stimulated CD25(pos) Treg in vitro is not improved by SIT in spite of increased IL-10 production from T cells.
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| 24. |
- Gummesson, Anders, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Relations of Adipose Tissue Cell Death-Inducing DFFA-like Effector A Gene Expression to Basal Metabolic Rate, Energy Restriction and Obesity: Population-based and Dietary Intervention Studies.
- 2007
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 92:12, s. 4759-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA) could be a potential target for the treatment of obesity via the modulation of metabolic rate, based on the findings that CIDEA inhibits the brown adipose tissue uncoupling process in rodents. Objective: To investigate the putative link between CIDEA and basal metabolic rate in humans, and to further elucidate the role of CIDEA in human obesity. Design: We have explored CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue in two different human studies: A cross-sectional and population-based study assessing body composition and metabolic rate (Mölndal Metabolic study, n=92), and a longitudinal intervention-study of obese subjects treated with a very low calorie diet (VLCD study, n=24). Results: The CIDEA gene was predominantly expressed in adipocytes as compared to other human tissues. CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue was inversely associated with basal metabolic rate independently of body composition, age and gender (p=0.014). VLCD induced an increase in adipose tissue CIDEA expression (p<0.0001) with a subsequent decrease in response to refeeding (p<0.0001). Reduced CIDEA gene expression was associated with a high body fat content (p<0.0001) and with high insulin levels (p<0.01). No dysregulation of CIDEA expression was observed in individuals with the metabolic syndrome when compared with BMI-matched controls. In a separate sample of VLCD-treated subjects (n=10), uncoupling protein 1 expression was reduced during diet (p=0.0026) and inversely associated with CIDEA expression (p=0.0014). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the concept that CIDEA plays a role in adipose tissue energy expenditure.
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| 25. |
- Helldén, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Death delusion. : Cotard's syndrome as an adverse drug reaction to (val-)aciclovir
- 2007
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In: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - 1468-5833. ; 335:7633
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report two cases of Cotard’s syndrome that occurred as an adverse drug reaction to aciclovir and its prodrug valaciclovir. In the 1880s Jules Cotard first described his eponymous syndrome, a rare psychiatric condition with strong delusions of being dead. Aciclovir or valaciclovir may cause neuropsychiatric side effects such as confusion, somnolence, and hallucinations, mainly in patients with impaired renal function. To our knowledge, Cotard’s syndrome has never been reported as a suspected adverse drug reaction but associated with severe somatic stress as well as general and localised cerebral pathologies. Our findings add adverse response to an antiviral drug as another cause and provide clues to the syndrome’s possible neuropsychiatric origin. Clinicians should be aware of the association between body scheme disturbances and (val)aciclovir. Affected patients with Cotard’s syndrome and renal failure should preferably be sent to the dialysis unit, not to the department of psychiatry.
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| 26. |
- Johnsdotter, Sara
(creator_code:cre_t, creator_code:res_t)
-
Forskarnas galleri #2 : 6 om sex
- 2017
-
Artistic workabstract
- Utgångspunkten är en presentation av sex forskare, knutna till Centrum för sexologi och sexualitetsstudier, som berättar om sina respektive forskningsfält. Utställningen består också av en tidslinje med nedslag i den svenska sexualitetshistorien, ett tittskåp med kuriosa och en samling litteratur. I en brevlåda kan besökaren kommentera eller ställa frågor till forskarna, svaren projiceras på väggen. Två offentliga samtal arrangeras och filmas; Sex och makt och Tema erotisk litteratur. I samband med utställningen visas konstprojektet "Kyss" där prästen och konstnären Kent Wisti och författaren Maria Küchen i bild och text tolkat Höga visan.
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| 27. |
- Jonsson, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Investigation of photochemical effects in flame diagnostics with picosecond photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence
- 2016
-
In: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 171, s. 59-68
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF) is for the first time performed based on picosecond laser pulses for detection of hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) in a stoichiometric laminar methane/air flame. Photofragmentation is performed with a pump laser pulse of 80 ps duration and a wavelength of 266 nm, whereupon the produced OH photofragments are detected by a second picosecond probe laser pulse, inducing fluorescence via excitation in the A2Σ+(v = 1) ← X2Π(v = 0) band of OH near 283 nm. Excitation spectra of the OH photofragments formed in the reaction zone were recorded for pump-probe delays ranging from 0 to 5 ns. The spectra suggest that the population distribution of the nascent OH fragments is rotationally cold and that it takes on the order of 5 ns for the nascent non-equilibrium rotational distribution to relax into a thermal distribution. The radial OH-fragment distribution was extracted from spectral images (radial position versus emission wavelength) recorded at six different pump-probe delays. Photochemical OH production was observed both in the reaction zone and the product zone. Comparison with a kinetic model for OH production suggests that more than 20% of the oxygen fragments produced by photolysis in the reaction zone are formed in the excited 1D state, explaining a very rapid initial signal growth. The OH-production model was also compared with previous reaction-zone data, acquired with nanosecond laser pulses in the same flame, indicating that no O(1D), but only O(3P), is formed. A plausible explanation of the discrepancy between the two results is that the picosecond pulses, having more than two-orders of magnitude higher irradiance than the nanosecond pulses used in the previous study, might cause 2-photon photodissociation, allowing production of O(1D). In terms of flame diagnostics with PFLIF, it is concluded that a setup based on nanosecond laser pulses, rather than picosecond pulses, appears preferable since photochemical OH production in the reaction zone can be avoided while for short delay times the ratio between the photofragment signal and the photochemical interference in the product zone, stemming from CO2 photolysis, is sufficiently large to clearly visualize the photofragments.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Larsson, Emanuel, et al.
(author)
-
Dual-modal CT and MRI functional and anatomical imaging using barium sulphate and gadolinium nanoparticle loaded macrophages in a preclinical asthma mouse model
- 2015
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objectives In this study we investigated the potentials of dual-modal CT-MRI macrophage tracking, by a intratracheal instillation of a mixture of either gadolinium nanoparticles or barium sulphate loaded alveolar macrophages into mice of an allergic airway inflammation (asthma) model and their respective healthy control, imaged with Synchrotron X-rays microtomography (SR μCT) and Micro Magnetic Resonance Imaging (μMRI).Materials and Methods The mice were scanned ex vivo using SRμCT at 22 keV and with a 9.4 Tesla μMRI scanner. The CT and MRI data sets were registered and fused together, followed by quantitative and statistical analysis.Results The asthmatic sample injected with contrast agent loaded macrophages showed high absorbing spots inside the soft-tissue regions of the lung for the CT data set, as well as higher contrast for the soft-tissue in the MRI data set. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed a perfect negative correlation between the soft tissue mean grey value in CT and the soft tissue mean grey value in MRI.Conclusion The dual-modal CT-MRI cell tracking of intratracheally administered macrophages (loaded with contrast agent) in an asthmatic mouse helps to extract synergistic information about the migration behaviour of macrophages, where clusters of cells were detected in CT, while as a general increase of the soft-tissue contrast could be observed in MRI, due to a homogeneous cell distribution.
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| 30. |
- Larsson, Emanuel
(author)
-
Evaluation of the Dual-Modal usage of contrast agents by means of Synchrotron X-ray Computed Microtomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Macrophages loaded with Barium Sulfate and Gadolinium Nanoparticles for Detection and Monitoring in Animal Disease Models
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ¨This thesis focuses on evaluating the dual-modal Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) capabilities of contrast agents. For such purposes a gadolinium based contrast agent is of high interest, due to its paramagnetic properties, which while present inside a magnetic field will hence interact with the protons spins of water (in tissue and fat) and shorten their the T1 relaxation time, thereby creating a positive image contrast in MRI. Furthermore, the X-ray Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC) of gadolinium is relatively high, thus suggesting its potential use, also as a CT contrast agent.Gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNPs) can be loaded into cells, such as macrophages, which offers the possibility to track cells inside entire organisms. In the first step the uptake of GdNPs inside cells was investigated, together with a test for toxicity. To show the potential of using GdNP loaded macrophages for functional imaging of inflammation, an acute allergic airway inflammation mouse model (mimicking asthma in humans) was used and analyzed by in-situ synchrotron phase contrast CT. In the first step this approach was evaluated using macrophages loaded with a clinical contrast agent containing barium sulphate (BaSO4), since this agent is known to provide high contrast in CT. In the ultimate step a combination of both BaSO4 and GdNP loaded macrophages was used in the same asthmatic mouse model and analyzed by dual modal Synchrotron phase contrast CT and Micro Magnetic Resonance Imaging (μ-MRI).Complementary results in terms of the biodistribution of injected macrophages could only be obtained by the combination of both synchrotron phase contrast CT and μ-MRI, where the first modality allows a detailed localization of clustered BaSO4 loaded macrophages, but fails to detect single macrophages, which could instead be indirectly observed by μ-MRI as an increase of the T1-contrast, coming from the soft tissue of mice injected with GdNP loaded macrophages.
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| 31. |
- Larsson, Emanuel, et al.
(author)
-
Morphological characterization of the human calvarium in relation to the diploic and cranial thickness utilizing X-ray computed microtomography
- 2014
-
In: 13th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2013, MEDICON 2013; Seville; Spain; 25 September 2013 through 28 September 2013. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319008455 ; , s. 194-197
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When attempting to establish accurate models for the human diploe, micro-scale morphological differences in the four main areas of the calvaria could also be considered. In this study, X-ray computed microtomography (μ-CT) images were analyzed in order to quantitatively characterize the micro-architecture of the human calvarium diploe. A bone specimen from each area of the skull (temporal, frontal, parietal and occipital) was extracted from a set of 5 human donors and each specimen was characterized in terms of density, specific surface area, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing. The obtained results revealed that subject-individual structural differences could be related with the diploic as well as the total cranial thickness of the human skull bones. Some tendencies of dependency could also be made with respect to the age of the subject. A consideration of these individual variations can improve traditional models that assume equal conditions throughout the skull.
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| 32. |
- Larsson, Emanuel, et al.
(author)
-
Optimization of the loading efficacy for dual-modal CT/MRI macrophage tracking in lungs of an asthma mouse model
- 2015
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We present novel cell uptake methodologies related to the usage of MRI/CT contrast agents for the purpose of performing dual-modal cell tracking with macrophages in both MRI and CT. Two different techniques, namely Synchrotron X-rays microtomography and Micro Magnetic Resonance Imaging were used to investigate the contrast enhancement, as an effect of the MRI/CT contrast agent cell uptake of mouse alveolar macrophages. Macrophages loaded with the commercial contrast agent Micropaque® CT, containing barium sulphate (BaSO4) immersed in Sorbitol, showed a much higher contrast enhancement in CT, than an MRI/CT contrast agent based on Gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNPs). The CT contrast of GdNPs (at 5 mM of Gd) could be increased, by immersing the GdNPs in Sorbitol, while still maintaining a positive T1-contrast in MRI. The idea of co-loading macrophages with both BaSO4 and GdNP inside the same cells presented a valid "trade off" between the optimal contrast in CT vs. MRI etc. It was concluded that while optimizing the cell uptake of contrast agent for cell tracking in MRI/CT, it is important to make a "trade off" between the following 3 parameters, 1) optimal contrast in CT, 2) optimal contrast in MRI and 3) metabolic cell activity, depending on the given application. These cell optimization ideas may be of importance to every field aiming to image an inflammatory disease, based on the utilization of contrast agent loaded macrophages.
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| 33. |
- Larsson, Emanuel, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Quantification of structural alterations in lung disease—a proposed analysis methodology of CT scans of preclinical mouse models and patients
- 2015
-
In: Biomedical Engineering & Physics Express. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2057-1976. ; 1:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we have established a general investigative methodology for quantitative computed tomography (CT) lung image analysis in the sagittal, coronal and transversal orientation of lungs with various lung diseases. Mean values were recorded for the two parameters percentage volume and structural thickness based on stripe shaped volumes of interest (VOIs) from the XY (transversal), YZ (sagittal) and ZX (coronal) orientation, placed out in the left and right lung side. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey–Kramer 90% simultaneous confidence intervals for pair wise comparison of means was performed on each considered parameter, in order to detect any statistically significant differences in between the samples. This methodology was first tested on high resolution synchrotron micro-computed tomography images of a preclinical asthma mouse model, injected with barium sulfate filled alveolar macrophages, with the purpose of marking out asthmatic inflammation sites. Preclinical mouse models are today commonly used as artificial models for studying various human diseases, e.g. asthma. Therefore, in order to translate our methodology protocol also to clinical applications the proposed methodology was also tested on lung data sets of patients, with various lung diseases. The presented general methodology was proven to be successful for the quantification of lung structural differences in an asthma mouse model, as well as being applicable also on patient lungs with various lung diseases. The outlined analysis protocol was tested on images obtained only by means of CT, but could also potentially be applied on images of the lung obtained by other 3D-imaging techniques.
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| 34. |
- Larsson, E., et al.
(author)
-
Quantification of Structural Differences in the Human Calvarium Diploe by Means of X-ray Computed Microtomography Image Analysis : A Case Study
- 2012
-
In: 5th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642235078 ; , s. 599-602
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate models for the human diploe have to take into account any structural differences in the four main areas of the calvaria bones. In this study the technique of X-ray computed microtomography (mu-CT) along with image analysis was used in order to visualize and quantitatively analyze differences in the micro-architecture of the human calvarium diploe. A bone specimen from each area of the skull (temporal, frontal, parietal and occipital) was extracted from a human donor and each specimen was characterized in terms of density, specific surface area, trabecular thickness and anisotropy. The obtained results reveal that in the considered case there are structural differences which therefore can be useful for refining traditional models that assume equal conditions throughout the skull.
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Kajsa
(author)
-
Cytomegalovirus after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation : complications in the era of CMV-specific antiviral treatment
- 2004
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since the start of treatment with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT), cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been one of the most feared complications. With the help of different CMV-protective strategies, the frequency of CMV-disease before day 100 after SCT has decreased to 4-6%. The cost is an over-treatment with antiviral compounds and the development of new types of problems. These studies were undertaken to describe how the modern treatment modalities have changed the pattern of CMV-related complications after SCT. In a study of 584 consecutive allogeneic SCT patients, the overall probability for CMVdisease was 8.9%, and the risk for death in CMV-disease 5.7%. The risk varied depending on CMV-serologies in donors and recipients. Unrelated or mismatched family donors and recipient CMV-seropositivity were risk factors for both CMV-disease and CMV-related death. In the models excluding low-risk patients, the use of preemptive CMV-strategy was a protective factor against CMV-disease and CMV-related death. Transplant related mortality (TRM) and overall mortality were also significantly reduced with the preemptive treatment strategy against CMV. Analyzing data on 262 consecutive patients, transplanted with HLA-identical sibling donors and surviving more than three months after SCT, the use of preemptive treatment strategy against CMV was the only factor that significantly decreased the risk for extensive chronic GVHD. The antiviral treatment that was actually given on the basis of preemptive strategy was significantly associated to a decreased risk for moderate to severe chronic GVHD. In a study on 21 patients treated with allogeneic SCT due to malignant disease, a persistent HHV-6 infection and a higher HHV-6 viral load significantly increased the risk for an impaired recovery of the CMV-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and for the need of several courses with preemptive antiviral treatment against CMV, as did acute GVHD grades II-IV. Unfortunately the number of cases was too small for an adequate multivariate risk factor analysis. CMV-retinitis (CMVR) has previously been a rare complication after SCT. In a European multicentre study on 30 patients developing CMVR after SCT, it was shown that 1.2% of all patients transplanted at the participating centres after 1996 developed CMVR, and that the complication had become almost four times more common during that period. Three cases of CMVR were seen after autologous SCT, the rest after allogeneic SCT, in whom fourteen were performed with alternative donors and nine with T-cell depleted grafts. 23/27 allogeneic SCT patients (85%) were on immunosuppressive treatment at time for the diagnoses, 18/23 (78%) on regimens containing corticosteroids. CMVR was a late occurring complication, with the median time of diagnosis being 145 days after SCT, (range 19-537). Its clinical features were the same as in AIDS-patients, and the outcome was poor, with 18/25 evaluable patients (72%) ending up with decreased vision. A risk factor analysis for development of CMVR was performed in 27 allogeneic SCTpatients transplanted after 1990 at twelve European centres and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Centre in Seattle, Washington. The risk factors found were CMV-negative donor and CMVpositive recipient, and antiviral prophylaxis against CMV after SCT. In conclusion, these studies have shown that the preemptive treatment strategy against CMV has decreased the risk for CMV-disease and CMV-related death after SCT, as well as the risk for extensive chronic GVHD. A persistent HHV-6 infection and a high HHV-6 viral load have been identified as new possible risk factors for an impaired recovery of the CMV-specific immunity. CMVR has become four times more common after 1996, and risk factors for its development were CMV-negative donor, CMV-positive recipient, and the use of antiviral CMV-prophylaxis.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Larsson, Kajsa, et al.
(author)
-
Instantaneous imaging of ozone in a gliding arc discharge using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 51:13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ozone vapor, O3, is here visualized in a gliding arc discharge using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence. Ozone is imaged by first photodissociating the O3 molecule into an O radical and a vibrationally hot O2 fragment by a pump photon. Thereafter, the vibrationally excited O2 molecule absorbs a second (probe) photon that further transits the O2-molecule to an excited electronic state, and hence, fluorescence from the deexcitation process in the molecule can be detected. Both the photodissociation and excitation processes are achieved within one 248 nm KrF excimer laser pulse that is formed into a laser sheet and the fluorescence is imaged using an intensified CCD camera. The laser-induced signal in the vicinity of the plasma column formed by the gliding arc is confirmed to stem from O3 rather than plasma produced vibrationally hot O2. While both these products can be produced in plasmas a second laser pulse at 266 nm was utilized to separate the pump- from the probe-processes. Such arrangement allowed lifetime studies of vibrationally hot O2, which under these conditions were several orders of magnitude shorter than the lifetime of plasma-produced ozone.
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| 38. |
- Larsson, Kajsa, et al.
(author)
-
Quantitative Imaging of Ozone Vapor Using Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF)
- 2017
-
In: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0003-7028 .- 1943-3530. ; 71:7, s. 1578-1585
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present work, the spectral properties of gaseous ozone (O3) have been investigated aiming to perform quantitative concentration imaging of ozone by using a single laser pulse at 248 nm from a KrF excimer laser. The O3 molecule is first photodissociated by the laser pulse into two fragments, O and O2. Then the same laser pulse electronically excites the O2 fragment, which is vibrationally hot, whereupon fluorescence is emitted. The fluorescence intensity is found to be proportional to the concentration of ozone. Both emission and absorption characteristics have been investigated, as well as how the laser fluence affects the fluorescence signal. Quantitative ozone imaging data have been achieved based on calibration measurements in known mixtures of O3. In addition, a simultaneous study of the emission intensity captured by an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera and a spectrograph has been performed. The results show that any signal contribution not stemming from ozone is negligible compared to the strong fluorescence induced by the O2 fragment, thus proving interference-free ozone imaging. The single-shot detection limit has been estimated to ∼400 ppm. The authors believe that the presented technique offers a valuable tool applicable in various research fields, such as plasma sterilization, water and soil remediation, and plasma-assisted combustion.
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| 39. |
- Larsson, Kajsa, et al.
(author)
-
Simultaneous Visualization of Hydrogen Peroxide and Water Concentrations Using Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence
- 2017
-
In: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0003-7028 .- 1943-3530. ; 71:9, s. 2118-2127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A concept based on photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF) is for the first time demonstrated for simultaneous detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water (H2O) vapor in various mixtures containing the two constituents in a bath of argon gas. A photolysis laser pulse at 248 nm dissociates H2O2 into OH fragments, whereupon a probe pulse, delayed 100 ns and tuned to an absorption line in the A2Σ+ (v = 1) ← X2Π(v = 0) band of OH near 282 nm, induces fluorescence. The total OH fluorescence reflects the H2O2 concentration, while its spectral shape is utilized to determine the H2O concentration via a model predicting the ratio between the fluorescence intensities of the A2Σ+ (v = 1) → X2Π(v = 1) and the A2Σ+ (v = 0) → X2Π(v = 0) bands. The H2O detection scheme requires that the bath gas has a collisional cross-section with OH(A) that is significantly lower than that of H2O, which is the case for argon. Spectrally dispersed OH fluorescence spectra were recorded for five different H2O2/H2O/Ar mixtures; the H2O2 concentration in the range of 30–500 ppm and the H2O concentration in the range of 0–3%. Fluorescence intensity ratios predicted by the model for these mixtures agree very well with corresponding experimental data, which thus validates the model. The concept was also demonstrated for two-dimensional imaging, using two intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras for signal detection. Water content was here sensed through the different temporal characteristics of the two fluorescence bands by triggering the two cameras so that one captures the total OH fluorescence while the other one captures only the early part, which mainly stems from A2Σ+ (v = 1) → X2Π(v = 1) fluorescence. Hence, the H2O2 concentration is reflected by the image of the camera recording the total OH fluorescence, whereas H2O concentration is extracted from the ratio between the two camera images. Quantification of the concentrations was carried out based on calibration measurements performed in known mixtures of H2O2 (30–500 ppm) and H2O (0–3%) in bulk argon. The detection limits for single-shot imaging are estimated to be 20 ppm for H2O2 and 0.05% for H2O. The authors believe that the concept provides a valuable asset in, for example, pharmaceutical or aseptic food packaging applications, where H2O2/H2O vapor is routinely used for sterilization.
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| 40. |
- Larsson, Kajsa, et al.
(author)
-
Simultaneous Visualization of Water and Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Using Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence
- 2014
-
In: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1943-3530 .- 0003-7028. ; 68:12, s. 1333-1341
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A concept based on a combination of photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) and two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is for the first time demonstrated for simultaneous detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water (H2O) vapor. Water detection is based on two-photon excitation by an injection-locked krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser (248.28 nm), which induces broadband fluorescence (400-500 nm) from water. The same laser simultaneously photodissociates H2O2, whereupon the generated OH fragments are probed by LIF after a time delay of typically 50 ns, by a frequency-doubled dye laser (281.91 nm). Experiments in six different H2O2/H2O mixtures of known compositions show that both signals are linearly dependent on respective species concentration. For the H2O2 detection there is a minor interfering signal contribution from OH fragments created by two-photon photodissociation of H2O. Since the PF-LIF signal yield from H2O2 is found to be at least similar to 24 000 times higher than the PF-LIF signal yield from H2O at room temperature, this interference is negligible for most H2O/H2O2 mixtures of practical interest. Simultaneous single-shot imaging of both species was demonstrated in a slightly turbulent flow. For single-shot imaging the minimum detectable H2O2 and H2O concentration is 10 ppm and 0.5%, respectively. The proposed measurement concept could be a valuable asset in several areas, for example, in atmospheric and combustion science and research on vapor-phase H2O2 sterilization in the pharmaceutical and aseptic food-packaging industries.
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| 41. |
- Larsson, Kajsa, et al.
(author)
-
Single-shot photofragment imaging by structured illumination
- 2015
-
In: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592. ; 40:21, s. 5019-5022
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A laser method to suppress background interferences in pump - probe measurements is presented and demonstrated. The method is based on structured illumination, where the intensity profile of the pump beam is spatially modulated to make its induced photofragment signal distinguishable from that created solely by the probe beam. A spatial lock-in algorithm is then applied on the acquired data, extracting only those image components that are characterized by the encoded structure. The concept is demonstrated for imaging of OH photofragments in a laminar methane/air flame, where the signal from the OH photofragments produced by the pump beam is spatially overlapping with that from the naturally present OH radicals. The purpose was to perform for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, single-shot imaging of HO2 in a flame. These results show an increase in signal-to-interference ratio of about 20 for single-shot data. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
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| 42. |
- Lenz, Annika, et al.
(author)
-
ZnO Nanoparticles Functionalized with Organic Acids: An Experimental and Quantum-Chemical Study
- 2009
-
In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 113:40, s. 17332-17341
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrochemical synthesis and physical characterization of ZnO nanoparticles functionalized with four different organic acids, three aromatic (benzoic, nicotinic, and trans-cinnamic acid) and one nonaromatic (formic acid), are reported. The functionalized nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV−vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The adsorption of the organic acids at ZnO nanoparticles was further analyzed and interpreted using quantum-chemical density-functional theory computations. Successful functionalization of the nanoparticles was confirmed experimentally by the measured splitting of the carboxylic group stretching vibrations as well as by the N(1s) and C(1s) peaks from XPS. From a comparison between computed and experimental IR spectra, a bridging mode adsorption geometry was inferred. PL spectra exhibited a remarkably stronger near band edge emission for nanoparticles functionalized with formic acid as compared to the larger aromatic acids. From the quantum-chemical computations, this was interpreted to be due to the absence of aromatic adsorbate or surface states in the band gap of ZnO, caused by the formation of a complete monolayer of HCOOH. In the UV−vis spectra, strong charge-transfer transitions were observed.
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| 43. |
- Lindman, Ly, et al.
(author)
-
Metapopulation dynamics over 25 years of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, inhabiting hollow oaks
- 2020
-
In: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 194:4, s. 771-780
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Osmoderma eremita is a species of beetle that inhabits hollows in ancient trees, which is a habitat that has decreased significantly during the last century. In southeastern Sweden, we studied the metapopulation dynamics of this beetle over a 25 year period, using capture-mark-recapture. The metapopulation size had been rather stable over time, but in most of the individual trees there had been a positive or negative trend in population development. The probability of colonisation was higher in well-connected trees with characteristics reflecting earlier successional stages, and the probability of extinction higher in trees with larger diameter (i.e. in later successional stages), which is expected from a habitat-tracking metapopulation. The annual tree mortality and fall rates (1.1% and 0.4%, respectively) are lower than the colonisation and extinction rates (5–7%), indicating that some of the metapopulation dynamics are due to the habitat dynamics, but many colonisations and extinctions take place for other reasons, such as stochastic events in small populations. The studied metapopulation occurs in an area with a high density of hollow oaks and where the oak pastures are still managed by grazing. In stands with fewer than ten suitable trees, the long-term extinction risk may be considerable, since only a small proportion of all hollow trees harbours large populations, and the population size in trees may change considerably during a decade.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Lod, S., et al.
(author)
-
The influence of epigenetics in relation to oral health
- 2014
-
In: International Journal of Dental Hygiene. - : Wiley. - 1601-5029. ; 12:1, s. 48-54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The immune response is influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as disease and environmental factors. The term epigenetics' describes changes in the genome that influence the gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. In contrast to genetic changes in the DNA, epigenetic changes are reversible and are influenced by environmental factors. The aim of this study is to review the literature on epigenetic modifications with respect to oral health and inflammatory conditions in the oral cavity and to discuss the potential use of this new research field for the dental hygienists' and/or dentists' clinical work. Relevant publications were identified using the PubMed database without limits. The searches were conducted during January to March 2012 and resulted in articles published between 1912 and 2012. Key factors such as environment, diet, smoking, bacteria and inflammation were identified to be relevant to oral health. The result of this review article shows that there is a void in the research on epigenetics in relation to oral health. Identification of epigenetic modifications correlating with oral health may not only present a link between the influence of genetics and that of the environment on oral diseases but also provide new treatment models and tools for the dental professionals.
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| 46. |
- Malmqvist, Elin, et al.
(author)
-
Two-dimensional OH-thermometry in reacting flows using photofragmentation laser-induced florescence
- 2016
-
In: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 169, s. 297-306
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present work, the possibility of using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF) for thermometry in different reacting flows is investigated. Hydroxyl (OH) fragments are created by UV-laser (266nm) fragmentation of hydrogen peroxides (H2O2 and HO2), whereupon the fluorescence, induced while scanning the wavelength of a second laser across the A2σ+(v = 1)-X2Π(v = 0) absorption band (around 282nm) of the generated OH fragments, is collected and detected. The temperature is determined by fitting simulated OH-excitation spectra of different temperatures to the experimentally recorded spectrum. In combustion, hydrogen peroxides are intermediate species formed during the low-temperature oxidation of the fuel, and hence they are present in a region covering a wide temperature span, ranging from unburnt to burnt gas temperatures. Thus, LIF of OH photofragments stemming from hydrogen peroxides allows for thermometry covering a wider temperature range than LIF of naturally present OH radicals. There is another important advantage of the concept in that the temperature sensitivity of OH excitation spectra is greater at lower temperatures. The method is demonstrated for two-dimensional (2-D) thermometry in three different measurement situations, namely a free flow of vaporized H2O2 at room temperature, a preheated mixture of CH4/N2/O2/O3 at intermediate temperatures (300-600K), where the OH fragments stem from photodissociation of O3 followed by chemical reactions, and in an optical homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine prior to ignition, i.e. at elevated pressures and temperatures. It is found that the technique performs well in all three cases, with measured temperatures in good agreement with thermocouple readings, for the two first cases, and with temperatures calculated based on the ideal gas law using measured pressure traces as input for the engine measurements. The quantitative 2-D temperature images acquired in the engine experiments reveal inhomogeneous temperature distributions, clearly illustrating the capacity of the technique to yield crucial experimental input to engine modelers and designers. The accuracy of the technique in the temperature range 300-600K is lower than 23K. For the room temperature case the precision is 4.3%, corresponding to 12K.
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| 47. |
- Moura-Castro, Larissa H., et al.
(author)
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Sister chromatid cohesion defects are associated with chromosomal copy number heterogeneity in high hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2021
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In: Genes Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 60:6, s. 410-417
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies in children. The main driver event of this disease is a nonrandom aneuploidy consisting of gains of whole chromosomes but without overt evidence of chromosomal instability (CIN). Here, we investigated the frequency and severity of defective sister chromatid cohesion—a phenomenon related to CIN—in primary pediatric ALL. We found that a large proportion (86%) of hyperdiploid cases displayed aberrant cohesion, frequently severe, to compare with 49% of ETV6/RUNX1-positive ALL, which mostly displayed mild defects. In hyperdiploid ALL, cohesion defects were associated with increased chromosomal copy number heterogeneity, which could indicate increased CIN. Furthermore, cohesion defects correlated with RAD21 and NCAPG mRNA expression, suggesting a link to reduced cohesin and condensin levels in hyperdiploid ALL. Knockdown of RAD21 in an ALL cell line led to sister chromatid cohesion defects, aberrant mitoses, and increased heterogeneity in chromosomal copy numbers, similar to what was seen in primary hyperdiploid ALL. In summary, our study shows that aberrant sister chromatid cohesion is frequent but heterogeneous in pediatric high hyperdiploid ALL, ranging from mild to very severe defects, and possibly due to low cohesin or condensin levels. Cases with high levels of aberrant chromosome cohesion displayed increased chromosomal copy number heterogeneity, possibly indicative of increased CIN. These abnormalities may play a role in the clonal evolution of hyperdiploid pediatric ALL.
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| 48. |
- Nordberg, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Manlighet i fokus : en bok om manliga pedagoger, pojkar, och maskulinitetsskapande i förskola och skola
- 2005
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- "Det behövs fler män i förskolan och skolan" är en vanlig uppfattning. i den här antologin diskuterar framstående forskare och praktiker bl. a. vad som ligger bakom ett sådant uttalande: varför behövs det fler män? Vad är det männen förväntas tillföra denna antaget kvinnliga värld och vad är det de inte alls förväntas ägna sig åt? Hur är det med pojkarana då? Medierna rapporeterar om att pojkar presterar sämre än flickor i skolan. pojakr upplevs som oroliga och mer krävande än flickor, de beskrivs både i förskola och i skola som "busiga" och "omogna". Sexistiska tillmälen, provokationer och våldshandlingar från pojkar sägs utgöra ett stort problem. Samtidigt finns en viss oro i debatten för att pojkar och det manliga skall marginaliseras genom övervikten av kvinnlig personal. Trots den livliga diskussionen har det hittills saknats svensk litteratur som mer specifikt behandlar maskulinitetsskapandet i förskoal och skola. (Från baksidestexten)
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| 49. |
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Nordens historiker : En vänbok till Harald Gustafsson
- 2018
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nordens historiker är en festskrift tillägnad Harald Gustafsson, professor i historia vid Lunds universitet. Boken samlar forskare från hela Norden och visar på förtjänsterna med att skriva historia utifrån ett gränsöverskridande nordiskt perspektiv. Detta arbetssätt har varit kännetecknande för Harald Gustafssons forskargärning och inspirerat de medverkande författarna till att prova nya vägar.
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| 50. |
- Nyman, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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[GFR estimation in children - age-adjusted creatinine makes the adult Lund-Malmö equation applicable in children and facilitates automatic GFR reporting from the clinical laboratory]
- 2021
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In: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Age-adjustment of creatinine, i.e. recalculation of childhood levels of creatinine to corresponding levels at 18 years of age and applied in the adult revised Lund-Malmö GFR equation led to markedly improved accuracy in Swedish children (n=1 718) at measured GFR <75 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n=318) and preserved high accuracy at ≥75 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n=1 400). The adjusted LMR equation performed as well as dedicated paediatric equations based on height. The proposed adjustment strategy has four strengths: (i) the original coefficients of the adult GFR equation can be used, (ii) the same equation can be used across the entire lifespan without artificial changes in estimated GFR when switching from paediatric to adult care, (iii) the lack of height factor makes it easier to automatically report estimated GFR by the laboratories and (iv) age-adjusted creatinine values imply that well-established creatinine reference intervals for adults can also be used for children.
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