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1.	Bjarnadóttir, Kristín J., et al. (author) Body mass index is associated with pulmonary gas and blood distribution mismatch in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure. A physiological study 2024 In: Frontiers in Physiology. - 1664-042X. ; 15 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
2.	Haglund Stignor, Caroline, et al. (author) Förbättrad driftsäkerhet hos villavärmepumpar 2012 Reports (peer-reviewed)
3.	Haglund Stignor, Caroline, et al. (author) Improved reliability of Swedish residential heat pump systems 2014 In: Proceedings from IEA Heat Pump Conference 2014. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
4.	Wilde-Larsson, Bodil, 1951-, et al. (author) Birthgiving women's feelings and perceptions of quality of intrapartal care : a nationwide Swedish cross-sectional study 2011 In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 20:7-8, s. 1168-1177 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim. The aim was to explore the relationships between the feelings of women who give birth and several birth-related care conditions, the womens' socio-demographic background, personality and perceptions of the quality of intrapartum care. Background. Childbirth is a highly significant emotional event for women and it is an explicit goal that each woman should have a positive childbirth experience. Design. The nationwide study is cross-sectional and was conducted at Swedish maternity units over two months in 2007. Methods. The study group consisted of 739 women (63% response rate). A dimensionality analysis of six emotion items was performed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Non-parametric tests and generalised linear mixed effects model analyses were used to study relationships and to make subgroup comparisons. Results. In the SEM analysis, a positive and a negative feeling factor were identified. Strong associations between the feeling factors and the womens' perceptions of the quality of care were found, particularly in regard to the so-called identity-oriented approach of the midwives and other health professionals. In addition, a higher intensity of negative feelings was associated with a personality pattern characterised by extraversion, emotional instability and lower degree of conscientiousness, a lower level of education and having had delivery through Caesarean section. Conclusions. The positive and negative feelings of women who give birth strongly covary with the women's perception of the quality of their intrapartum care. This pertains in particular to information issues, the midwives showing commitment, empathy and respect, being present during labour and allowing the women to actively participate as much as they want to. Relevance to clinical practice. Subgroup differences indicate that midwives should pay increased attention to childbearing women who have primary school education only, a lower emotional stability and/or deliver through Caesarean section.
5.	Wilde-Larsson, Bodil, 1951-, et al. (author) Womens’ opinions on intrapartal care : development of a theory-based questionnaire 2010 In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:11-12, s. 1748-1760 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim.To develop a patient questionnaire specific to intrapartal care, based on the theoretical foundation of the general instrument Quality from the Patient's Perspective (QPP).Background.Existing general patient questionnaires do not take intrapartal care aspects fully into account, and available intrapartal-specific patient questionnaires tend to have a weak theoretical foundation.Design.A cross-sectional, nationwide study carried out during a two-week period in 2007 at Swedish maternity units.Method.An intrapartal-specific QPP-questionnaire (QPP-I) was developed by combining a selection of 22 items from the short and long versions of the QPP with 10 newly constructed items. Responses were obtained from 739 women (63% response rate). The dimensionality of the QPP-I was assessed using structural equation modelling (a nested factor model). Non-parametric statistics were used for subgroup comparisons.Results.A nested model with a general factor including all 32 items and 10 subordinate factors was developed. Most scales had acceptable reliability coefficients (0 center dot 73-0 center dot 93), and a meaningful pattern of subgroup differences was obtained.Conclusions.The QPP-I is theory based and has its roots in a patient perspective. It was developed using a nationwide sample of Swedish women receiving intrapartal care, and an advanced statistical method was used. The outcome of this initial empirical trial was promising but needs to be tested in different countries and cultures.Relevance to clinical practice.By combining womens' responses on perceived reality and subjective importance ascribed to the various aspects of care measured, the QPP-I offers the care provider better guidelines on which elements to focus quality improvement work on, than would be the case if only a rank order of perceived reality ratings was available.
6.	Adman, Per, et al. (author) 171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera” 2019 In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447. Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
7.	Almstedt, Elin, 1988-, et al. (author) Integrative discovery of treatments for high-risk neuroblastoma 2020 In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Despite advances in the molecular exploration of paediatric cancers, approximately 50% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma lack effective treatment. To identify therapeutic options for this group of high-risk patients, we combine predictive data mining with experimental evaluation in patient-derived xenograft cells. Our proposed algorithm, TargetTranslator, integrates data from tumour biobanks, pharmacological databases, and cellular networks to predict how targeted interventions affect mRNA signatures associated with high patient risk or disease processes. We find more than 80 targets to be associated with neuroblastoma risk and differentiation signatures. Selected targets are evaluated in cell lines derived from high-risk patients to demonstrate reversal of risk signatures and malignant phenotypes. Using neuroblastoma xenograft models, we establish CNR2 and MAPK8 as promising candidates for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. We expect that our method, available as a public tool (targettranslator.org), will enhance and expedite the discovery of risk-associated targets for paediatric and adult cancers.
8.	Andersson, Claes, et al. (author) Assessment in vitro of interactions between anti-cancer drugs and noncancer drugs commonly used by cancer patients 2023 In: Anti-Cancer Drugs. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4973 .- 1473-5741. ; 34:1, s. 92-102 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Cancer patients often suffer from cancer symptoms, treatment complications and concomitant diseases and are, therefore, often treated with several drugs in addition to anticancer drugs. Whether such drugs, here denoted as 'concomitant drugs', have anticancer effects or interact at the tumor cell level with the anticancer drugs is not very well known. The cytotoxic effects of nine concomitant drugs and their interactions with five anti-cancer drugs commonly used for the treatment of colorectal cancer were screened over broad ranges of drug concentrations in vitro in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116wt. Seven additional tyrosine kinase inhibitors were included to further evaluate key findings as were primary cultures of tumor cells from patients with colorectal cancer. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) and interaction analysis was based on Bliss independent interaction analysis. Simvastatin and loperamide, included here as an opioid agonists, were found to have cytotoxic effects on their own at reasonably low concentrations whereas betamethasone, enalapril, ibuprofen, metformin, metoclopramide, metoprolol and paracetamol were inactive also at very high concentrations. Drug interactions ranged from antagonistic to synergistic over the concentrations tested with a more homogenous pattern of synergy between simvastatin and protein kinase inhibitors in HCT116wt cells. Commonly used concomitant drugs are mostly neither expected to have anticancer effects nor to interact significantly with anticancer drugs frequently used for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
9.	Andersson, Claes, et al. (author) Mebendazole is unique among tubulin-active drugs in activating the MEK-ERK pathway 2020 In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We recently showed that the anti-helminthic compound mebendazole (MBZ) has immunomodulating activity in monocyte/macrophage models and induces ERK signalling. In the present study we investigated whether MBZ induced ERK activation is shared by other tubulin binding agents (TBAs) and if it is observable also in other human cell types. Curated gene signatures for a panel of TBAs in the LINCS Connectivity Map (CMap) database showed a unique strong negative correlation of MBZ with MEK/ERK inhibitors indicating ERK activation also in non-haematological cell lines. L1000 gene expression signatures for MBZ treated THP-1 monocytes also connected negatively to MEK inhibitors. MEK/ERK phosphoprotein activity testing of a number of TBAs showed that only MBZ increased the activity in both THP-1 monocytes and PMA differentiated macrophages. Distal effects on ERK phosphorylation of the substrate P90RSK and release of IL1B followed the same pattern. The effect of MBZ on MEK/ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by RAF/MEK/ERK inhibitors in THP-1 models, CD3/IL2 stimulated PBMCs and a MAPK reporter HEK-293 cell line. MBZ was also shown to increase ERK activity in CD4+ T-cells from lupus patients with known defective ERK signalling. Given these mechanistic features MBZ is suggested suitable for treatment of diseases characterized by defective ERK signalling, notably difficult to treat autoimmune diseases.
10.	Bakke, Kristin A, et al. (author) Levetiracetam reduces the frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges during NREM sleep in children with ADHD 2011 In: European journal of paediatric neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-3798 .- 1532-2130. ; 15:6, s. 532-538 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more common in children with epilepsy than in the general paediatric population. Epileptiform discharges in EEG may be seen in children with ADHD also in those without seizure disorders. Sleep enhances these discharges which may be suppressed by levetiracetam. AIM: To assess the effect of levetiracetam on focal epileptiform discharges during sleep in children with ADHD. METHOD: In this retrospective study a new semi-automatic quantitative method based on the calculation of spike index in 24-h ambulatory EEG recordings was applied. Thirty-five ADHD children, 17 with focal epilepsy, one with generalised epilepsy, and 17 with no seizure disorder were evaluated. Follow-up 24-h EEG recordings were performed after a median time of four months. RESULTS: Mean spike index was 50 prior to levetiracetam treatment and 21 during treatment. Seventeen children had no focal interictal epileptiform discharges in EEG at follow-up. Five children had a more than 50% reduction in spike index. Thus, a more than 50% reduction in spike index was found in 22/35 children (63%). Out of these an improved behaviour was noticed in 13 children (59%). CONCLUSION: This study shows that treatment with levetiracetam reduces interictal epileptiform discharges in children with ADHD. There is a complex relationship between epilepsy, ADHD and epileptiform activity, why it is a need for prospective studies in larger sample sizes, also to ascertain clinical benefits.
11.	Bergstrand, Anna, 1974, et al. (author) Preparation of Porous Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Films by Water-Droplet Templating 2012 In: Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2158-7027 .- 2158-7043. ; 3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Porous resorbable implants are of great interest since they may deliver bioactives or drugs, facilitate the transport of body fluids or degradation products and provide a favorable environment for cell attachment and growth. In this work we report on a method using concentrated emulsions to template interconnected solid foam materials and to produce highly porous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) materials. Porous PHB films were cast made from water-in-oil template emulsions including Span 80 and lithium sulphate. The films were characterized by SEM-EDX and DMA. The water uptake of the films was recorded in order to determine the fraction water available pores. The results show that the ad-dition of lithium sulphate allows a fine tuning of the film morphology with respect to porosity and interconnected po-rous structure. The film porosity was determined to 51% ± 3%, 52% ± 3% and 45% ± 3% for the films made with 0%, 2.9% and 14.3% lithium sulphate in the template emulsion, respectively. The fraction water available pores was sig-nificantly lower, 11% ±3%, 38% ±12% and 48% ± 7% for films with 0%, 2.9% and 14.3% litium sulphate respectively. Differences in fraction water available pores and total porosity for the films reflects the film morphology and differ-ences in pore interconnection.
12.	Bjersand, Kathrine, et al. (author) Ex vivo assessment of cancer drug sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer and its association with histopathological type, treatment history and clinical outcome 2022 In: International Journal of Oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 61:4 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is divided into type I and type II based on histopathological features. Type I is clinically more indolent, but also less sensitive to chemotherapy, compared with type II. The basis for this difference is not fully clarified. The present study investigated the pattern of drug activity in type I and type II EOC for standard cytotoxic drugs and recently introduced tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and assessed the association with treatment history and clinical outcome. Isolated EOC tumor cells obtained at surgery were investigated for their sensitivity to seven standard cytotoxic drugs and nine TKIs using a short-term fluorescent microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). Drug activity was compared with respect to EOC subtype, preoperative chemotherapy, cross-resistance and association with progression-free survival (PFS). Out of 128 EOC samples, 120 samples, including 21 type I and 99 type II, were successfully analyzed using FMCA. Patients with EOC type I had a significantly longer PFS time than patients with EOC type II (P=0.01). In line with clinical experience, EOC type I samples were generally more resistant than type II samples to both standard cytotoxic drugs and the TKIs, reaching statistical significance for cisplatin (P=0.03) and dasatinib (P=0.002). A similar pattern was noted in samples from patients treated with chemotherapy prior to surgery compared with treatment-naive samples, reaching statistical significance for fluorouracil, irinotecan, dasatinib and nintedanib (all P<0.05). PFS time gradually shortened with increasing degree of drug resistance. Cross-resistance between drugs was in most cases statistically significant yet moderate in degree (r<0.5). The clinically observed relative drug resistance of EOC type I, as well as in patients previously treated, is at least partly due to mechanisms in the tumor cells. These mechanisms seemingly also encompass kinase inhibitors. Ex vivo assessment of drug activity is suggested to have a role in the optimization of drug therapy in EOC.
13.	Björklund, Patrik, et al. (author) Västerås slott : Slott och borgar 2000 Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract En majoritet av dagens byggnadsuppgifter gäller att hantera det redan byggda. När vi står inför situationen att restaurera en befintlig byggnad är det viktigt att förstå olika tidsperioders stilideal liksom byggnadsteknik och material. Först då kan vi göra en väl avvägd analys, som tar tillvara och utvecklar de kvaliteter som byggnaderna själva besitter. Därför är utbildningen upplagd som ett växelspel mellan föreläsningar, seminarier, exkursioner och en för året vald studieuppgift.Slott och borgar har varit läsårets tema. Vi har valt att arbeta med Västerås och Örebro slott - två ganska bortglömda Vasaslott som är väl värda att lyfta fram. Särskilt har vi studerat de senaste 300 årens förändringar, som inte tidigare ägnats lika stora forskarmöda som medelitden och Vasatiden. I dessa två exempel finns en provkarta på estetiska, praktiska och tekniska ingrepp från Carl Hårlemans tid och fram till idag.Studierna har således omfattat både gestaltning, funktion och byggnadsteknik. Avsikten är att visa på kvaliteter i de omvandlingar och restaureringar som skett, men också att peka på problem och analysera olika möjligheter inför framtiden. Arbetet har skett i samarbete med Statens fastighetsverk och är tänkt att utgöra ett underlag till vårdprogram och framtida restaureringsinsatser.
14.	Blom, Kristin, et al. (author) Ex Vivo Assessment of Drug Activity in Patient Tumor Cells as a Basis for Tailored Cancer Therapy 2016 In: JALA. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-0682. ; 21:1, s. 178-187 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Although medical cancer treatment has improved during the past decades, it is difficult to choose between several first-line treatments supposed to be equally active in the diagnostic group. It is even more difficult to select a treatment after the standard protocols have failed. Any guidance for selection of the most effective treatment is valuable at these critical stages. We describe the principles and procedures for ex vivo assessment of drug activity in tumor cells from patients as a basis for tailored cancer treatment. Patient tumor cells are assayed for cytotoxicity with a panel of drugs. Acoustic drug dispensing provides great flexibility in the selection of drugs for testing; currently, up to 80 compounds and/or combinations thereof may be tested for each patient. Drug response predictions are obtained by classification using an empirical model based on historical responses for the diagnosis. The laboratory workflow is supported by an integrated system that enables rapid analysis and automatic generation of the clinical referral response.
15.	Blom, Kristin, et al. (author) Mebendazole-induced M1 polarisation of THP-1 macrophages may involve DYRK1B inhibition 2019 In: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Nature. - 1756-0500. ; 12:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: We recently showed that the anti-helminthic compound mebendazole (MBZ) has immunomodulating activity by inducing a M2 to M1 phenotype switch in monocyte/macrophage models. In the present study we investigated the potential role of protein kinases in mediating this effect.Results: MBZ potently binds and inhibits Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) with a Kd and an IC50 of 7 and 360 nM, respectively. The specific DYRK1B inhibitor AZ191 did not mimic the cytokine release profile of MBZ in untreated THP-1 monocytes. However, in THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages, AZ191 strongly induced a pro-inflammatory cytokine release pattern similar to MBZ and LPS/IFNγ. Furthermore, like MBZ, AZ191 increased the expression of the M1 marker CD80 and decreased the M2 marker CD163 in THP-1 macrophages. In this model, AZ191 also increased phospho-ERK activity although to a lesser extent compared to MBZ. Taken together, the results demonstrate that DYRK1B inhibition could, at least partly, recapitulate immune responses induced by MBZ. Hence, DYRK1B inhibition induced by MBZ may be part of the mechanism of action to switch M2 to M1 macrophages.
16.	Blom, Kristin, et al. (author) Predictive Value of Ex Vivo Chemosensitivity Assays for Individualized Cancer Chemotherapy : A Meta-Analysis 2017 In: SLAS TECHNOLOGY. - : Elsevier BV. - 2472-6303. ; 22:3, s. 306-314 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Current treatment strategies for chemotherapy of cancer patients were developed to benefit groups of patients with similar clinical characteristics. In practice, response is very heterogeneous between individual patients within these groups. Precision medicine can be viewed as the development toward a more fine-grained treatment stratification than what is currently in use. Cell-based drug sensitivity testing is one of several options for individualized cancer treatment available today, although it has not yet reached widespread clinical use. We present an up-to-date literature meta-analysis on the predictive value of ex vivo chemosensitivity assays for individualized cancer chemotherapy and discuss their current clinical value and possible future developments.
17.	Blom, Kristin, et al. (author) The anticancer effect of mebendazole may be due to M1 monocyte/macrophage activation via ERK1/2 and TLR8-dependent inflammasome activation 2017 In: Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-3973 .- 1532-2513. ; 39:4, s. 199-210 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Mebendazole (MBZ), a drug commonly used for helminitic infections, has recently gained substantial attention as a repositioning candidate for cancer treatment. However, the mechanism of action behind its anticancer activity remains unclear. To address this problem, we took advantage of the curated MBZ-induced gene expression signatures in the LINCS Connectivity Map (CMap) database. The analysis revealed strong negative correlation with MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitors. Moreover, several of the most upregulated genes in response to MBZ exposure were related to monocyte/macrophage activation. The MBZ-induced gene expression signature in the promyeloblastic HL-60 cell line was strongly enriched in genes involved in monocyte/macrophage pro-inflammatory (M1) activation. This was subsequently validated using MBZ-treated THP-1 monocytoid cells that demonstrated gene expression, surface markers and cytokine release characteristic of the M1 phenotype. At high concentrations MBZ substantially induced the release of IL-1 beta and this was further potentiated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At low MBZ concentrations, cotreatment with LPS was required for MBZ-stimulated IL-1 beta secretion to occur. Furthermore, we show that the activation of protein kinase C, ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB were required for MBZ-induced IL-1 release. MBZ-induced IL-1 release was found to be dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and to involve TLR8 stimulation. Finally, MBZ induced tumor-suppressive effects in a coculture model with differentiated THP-1 macrophages and HT29 colon cancer cells. In summary, we report that MBZ induced a pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype of monocytoid cells, which may, at least partly, explain MBZ's anticancer activity observed in animal tumor models and in the clinic.
18.	Brechensbauer Brandin, Madeleine, et al. (author) Centralen : Studier i området kring Stockholms Centralstation 1989 Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract Denna skrift handlar om Centralen i Stockholm och dess närmaste omgivningar, Centralplan, T-centralen, Vasagatan och Klarabergsgatan. Den är resultatet av Arkitekturskolans arbete läsåret 1983- 84 och innehåller förutom en rad projekt också historiska utblickar och samtidskritiska resonemang. En stor del av innehållet redovisades redan våren 1984 - det skedde genom en utställning på Arkitekturmuseet och en preliminär publikation. Materialet har sedan svällt ut med innehållsrika uppsatser om Centralen, om äldre och nyare insatser för att förena konst och arkitektur och om den föga kända, ännu obebyggda Blekholmen.
19.	Carlson, Stefan, et al. (author) High-pressure transformations of NbO2F 2000 In: Acta Crystallographica. Section B: Structural Science. - 0108-7681. ; 56:2, s. 189-196 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The ReO3-type structure NbO2F, niobium dioxyfluoride, has been studied at high pressures using diamond anvil cells and synchrotron X-ray radiation. High-pressure powder diffraction measurements have been performed up to 40.1 GPa. A phase transition from the cubic (Pm3m) ambient pressure structure to a rhombohedral (R3c) structure at 0.47 GPa has been observed. Rietveld refinements at 1.38, 1.96, 3.20, 6.23, 9.00 and 10.5 GPa showed that the transition involves an a-a-a- tilting of the cation-anion coordination octahedra and a change of the anion-anion arrangement to approach hexagonal close packing. Compression and distortion of the Nb(O/F)6 octahedra is also revealed by the Rietveld refinements. At 17-18 GPa, the diffraction pattern disappears and the structure becomes X-ray amorphous.
20.	Cashin, Peter, 1984-, et al. (author) Ex vivo assessment of chemotherapy sensitivity of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases 2023 In: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 110:9, s. 1080-1083 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (PMCRC) may have a chance of cure when treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)1–5.Choice of chemotherapy for HIPEC has been based on knowledge of its systemic effects, pharmacokinetics, technical feasibility, hyperthermic efficacy enhancement, and tolerance6–8. Selection of cancer drugs for treatment based on phenotypical assessment of patient cancer cell drug sensitivity ex vivo is one approach to personalized cancer treatment. One technique for this is the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) that has been used in drug development and for the development of personalized cancer medicine9–16.This study investigated whether ex vivo assessment of drug sensitivity by the FMCA provides predictive information in terms of peritoneal recurrence-free survival (PRFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with CRS and HIPEC for isolated PMCRC.
21.	Castell, Alina, et al. (author) MYCMI-7 : A Small MYC-Binding Compound that Inhibits MYC: MAX Interaction and Tumor Growth in a MYC-Dependent Manner 2022 In: Cancer Research Communications. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 2767-9764. ; 2:3, s. 182-201 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Deregulated expression of MYC family oncogenes occurs frequently in human cancer and is often associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. While MYC is a highly warranted target, it has been considered "undruggable," and no specific anti-MYC drugs are available in the clinic. We recently identified molecules named MYCMIs that inhibit the interaction between MYC and its essential partner MAX. Here we show that one of these molecules, MYCMI-7, efficiently and selectively inhibits MYC:MAX and MYCN:MAX interactions in cells, binds directly to recombinant MYC, and reduces MYC-driven transcription. In addition, MYCMI-7 induces degradation of MYC and MYCN proteins. MYCMI-7 potently induces growth arrest/apoptosis in tumor cells in a MYC/MYCN-dependent manner and downregulates the MYC pathway on a global level as determined by RNA sequencing. Sensitivity to MYCMI-7 correlates with MYC expression in a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and MYCMI-7 shows high efficacy toward a collection of patient-derived primary glioblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ex vivo cultures. Importantly, a variety of normal cells be- come G1 arrested without signs of apoptosis upon MYCMI-7 treatment. Finally, in mouse tumor models of MYC-driven AML, breast cancer, and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, treatment with MYCMI-7 downregu- lates MYC/MYCN, inhibits tumor growth, and prolongs survival through apoptosis with few side effects. In conclusion, MYCMI-7 is a potent and selective MYC inhibitor that is highly relevant for the development into clinically useful drugs for the treatment of MYC-driven cancer.Significance: Our findings demonstrate that the small-molecule MYCMI-7 binds MYC and inhibits interaction between MYC and MAX, thereby ham- pering MYC-driven tumor cell growth in culture and in vivo while sparing normal cells.
22.	Covaci, Adrian, et al. (author) Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure. 2015 In: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 141:Oct 13, s. 77-85 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract For the first time in Europe, both European-wide and country-specific levels of urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained through a harmonized protocol for participant recruitment, sampling and quality controlled biomarker analysis in the frame of the twin projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES. 674 child-mother pairs were recruited through schools or population registers from six European member states (Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). Children (5-12y) and mothers donated a urine sample. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life style, dietary habits, and educational level of the parents was provided by mothers. After exclusion of urine samples with creatinine values below 300mg/L or above 3000mg/L, 653 children and 639 mothers remained for which BPA was measured. The geometric mean (with 95% confidence intervals) and 90th percentile were calculated for BPA separately in children and in mothers and were named "European reference values". After adjustment for confounders (age and creatinine), average exposure values in each country were compared with the mean of the "European reference values" by means of a weighted analysis of variance. Overall geometric means of all countries (95% CI) adjusted for urinary creatinine, age and gender were 2.04 (1.87-2.24) µg/L and 1.88 (1.71-2.07) µg/L for children (n=653) and mothers (n=639), respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant environmental, geographical, personal or life style related determinants. Consumption of canned food and social class (represented by the highest educational level of the family) were the most important predictors for the urinary levels of BPA in mothers and children. The individual BPA levels in children were significantly correlated with the levels in their mothers (r=0.265, p<0.001), which may suggest a possible common environmental/dietary factor that influences the biomarker level in each pair. Exposure of the general European population was well below the current health-based guidance values and no participant had BPA values higher than the health-based guidance values.
23.	Dahlgren, Kristin, 1979-, et al. (author) Planktonic production and carbon transfer efficiency along a north-south gradient in the Baltic sea 2010 In: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 409, s. 77-94 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A 1 yr study was conducted along a brackish-water production gradient to enhance the understanding of factors governing pelagic food web function. This was achieved by measuring carbon transfer efficiency (TE) from the basal resource to an intermediate trophic level. TE was defined as mesozooplankton carbon consumption rate divided by production at the basal trophic level, which is composed of phytoplankton and bacteria. A north–south transect in the Baltic Sea was used as a model system, with 2 stations each in the Bothnian Bay, Bothnian Sea and Baltic Proper being sampled 5 to 8× during 2006. In addition, data from monitoring programmes were used, which comprised 10 to 22 samplings stn–1. TE was expected to be governed by the size distribution of phytoplankton and due to the nutrient gradient, we expected to find an optimal cell size, and thus also a high TE, in the intermediate-productive Bothnian Sea. The basal production during summer/autumn increased 5-fold from north to south, while the mesozooplankton carbon consumption rate exhibited a peak inthe Bothnian Sea, being ~3× higher than in both Bothnian Bay and Baltic Proper. TE was found to be intermediate in the Bothnian Bay (average: 0.8), highest in the Bothnian Sea (1.6), and lowest in the Baltic Proper (0.2). We suggest that the variation in carbon transfer efficiency can be explained by the composition of the phytoplankton community, the abundance balance between copepods and cladocerans, as well as the species composition of mesozooplankton in relation to the size structure of phytoplankton.
24.	Dejene Biasazin, Tibebe, et al. (author) Detection of Volatile Constituents from Food Lures by Tephritid Fruit Flies 2018 In: Insects. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4450. ; 9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Tephritid fruit flies require protein for sexual and gonotrophic development. Food-based lures are therefore widely used in strategies to detect and control fruit flies in the Tephritidae family. However, these baits are attractive to a broad range of insect species. We therefore sought to identify volatiles detected by the fly antennae, with the goal to compose lures that more specifically target tephritids. Using gas chromatography-coupled electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) we screened for antennal responses of four important tephritid species to volatile compounds from five commercially available protein-based baits. Antennal active compounds were reconstituted in synthetic blends for each species and used in behavioral assays. These species-based blends were attractive in olfactometer experiments, as was a blend composed of all antennally active compounds from all the four species we observed (tested only in Bactrocera dorsalis, Hendel). Pilot field tests indicate that the blends need to be further evaluated and optimized under field conditions.
25.	Delisle, C., et al. (author) A web- and mobile phone-based intervention to prevent obesity in 4-year-olds (MINISTOP): a population-based randomized controlled trial 2015 In: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Childhood obesity is an increasing health problem globally. Overweight and obesity may be established as early as 2-5 years of age, highlighting the need for evidence-based effective prevention and treatment programs early in life. In adults, mobile phone based interventions for weight management (mHealth) have demonstrated positive effects on body mass, however, their use in child populations has yet to be examined. The aim of this paper is to report the study design and methodology of the MINSTOP (Mobile-based Intervention Intended to Stop Obesity in Preschoolers) trial. Methods/Design: A two-arm, parallel design randomized controlled trial in 300 healthy Swedish 4-year-olds is conducted. After baseline measures, parents are allocated to either an intervention-or control group. The 6-month mHealth intervention consists of a web-based application (the MINSTOP app) to help parents promote healthy eating and physical activity in children. MINISTOP is based on the Social Cognitive Theory and involves the delivery of a comprehensive, personalized program of information and text messages based on existing guidelines for a healthy diet and active lifestyle in pre-school children. Parents also register physical activity and intakes of candy, soft drinks, vegetables as well as fruits of their child and receive feedback through the application. Primary outcomes include body fatness and energy intake, while secondary outcomes are time spent in sedentary, moderate, and vigorous physical activity, physical fitness and intakes of fruits and vegetables, snacks, soft drinks and candy. Food and energy intake (Tool for Energy balance in Children, TECH), body fatness (pediatric option for BodPod), physical activity (Actigraph wGT3x-BT) and physical fitness (the PREFIT battery of five fitness tests) are measured at baseline, after the intervention (six months after baseline) and at follow-up (12 months after baseline). Discussion: This novel study will evaluate the effectiveness of a mHealth program for mitigating gain in body fatness among 4-year-old children. If the intervention proves effective it has great potential to be implemented in child-health care to counteract childhood overweight and obesity.
26.	Dimenäs, Jörgen, et al. (author) Retorikens beprövade erfarenhet ur yrkesverksamma lärar- och sjuksköterskehandledares perspektiv 2016 In: Utbildning och lärande. - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. - 1653-0594. ; 6:1, s. 98-116 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study aims to investigate the concept of proven experience, which is being increasingly used and emphasised in documents relating to the education of student teachers and nurses as well as in the training of these two professions. The study is aimed at academic vocational training (AVT) and is based upon interviews with the tutors of student teachers and nurses during their periods of AVT. The purpose of this study is to understand what constitutes the essence of proven experience, arising from the verbal statements given by AVT tutors in the field. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of proven experience should be considered at three levels: experience, tested experience and proven experience. Furthermore, those who use it without further consideration should understand the complexity of the concept. From a critical perspective it seems that government agencies use a concept that we assume is more characterised by ideological rhetoric than by conceptual preciseness.
27.	Dimenäs, Jörgen, et al. (author) Retorikens beprövande erfarenhet ur yrkesverksamma lärar- och sjuksköterskehandledares perspektiv 2012 In: Utbildning och Lärande / Education and Learning. - : Barns, ungas och vuxnas lärande vid Högskolan i Skövde. - 2001-4554. ; 6:1, s. 98-116, s. 98-116 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study aims to investigate the concept of proven experience, which is being increasingly used and emphasised in documents relating to the education of student teachers and nurses as well as in the training of these two professions. The study is aimed at academic vocational training (AVT) and is based upon interviews with the tutors of student teachers and nurses during their periods of AVT. The purpose of this study is to understand what constitutes the essence of proven experience, arising from the verbal statements given by AVT tutors in the field. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of proven experience should be considered at three levels: experience, tested experience and proven experience. Furthermore, those who use it without further consideration should understand the complexity of the concept. From a critical perspective it seems that government agencies use a concept that we assume is more characterised by ideological rhetoric than by conceptual preciseness.
28.	Eklund, Anna Josse, 1968-, et al. (author) Cross-cultural validation and psychometric testing of the Swedish version of the microsocial section of the Attitudes toward Patient Advocacy Scale 2012 In: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : Open Journal Systems. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 2:3, s. 473-481 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Rationale, aims and objectives: Patient advocacy can be defined as a process for maintaining and monitoring patients’ rights, values and best interests. To measure attitudes toward patient advocacy, Bu and Wu (2008) developed the Attitudes toward Patient Advocacy Scale (APAS), which required further testing and refining in different contexts. This two-phased study aimed to: (1) translate and cross-culturally validate the APAS section for microsocial patient advocacy (AMIA) in accordance with the Swedish context and (2) test the instrument’s psychometric properties in the community care of older patients.Methods and results: The first phase consisted of back-translation and cultural validation of the APAS-AMIA in accordance with the Swedish context and resulted in a 39-item Swedish version of the APAS-AMIA. In the second phase, data were collected using the 39-item APAS-AMIA in 2009 from a sample of 230 registered nurses and nurse managers covering 16 communities. Subsequently, psychometric testing was conducted with exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis in a final sample of 201 RNs. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor structure, explaining 52.1% of the total scale variance in a 33-item instrument called the APAS-AMIA/SE. The Cronbach’s alpha for the APAS-AMIA/SE was 0.92 and varied between 0.82 and 0.88 for the factors.Conclusion: When the APAS-AMIA/SE semantic and conceptual equivalence to the APAS-AMIA, its distinct factor structure, internal consistency values and theoretical attachment are all added together, the conclusion is that the APAS-AMIA/SE is an acceptably reliable and valid instrument.
29.	Eklund, Anna Josse, 1968-, et al. (author) Individual and organisational factors influencing registered nurses' attitudes towards patient advocacy in Swedish community health care of elders 2014 In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 28:3, s. 486-495 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to describe and explore individual and organisational factors potentially influencing registered nurses' (RNs) attitudes towards patient advocacy. Methods and Sample: In a quantitative cross-sectional study, data were collected from 226 RNs in community health care of elders. A questionnaire was used to measure a number of factors including attitudes towards patient advocacy, nursing competence, personality traits, individual preferences regarding the quality of health care and working climate. A multiple regression analysis was performed. Results: The results showed that individual factors of nursing competence and individual preferences of the quality of health care, as well as organisational factors of the working climate, explained 26.2% of the variance in the RNs' attitudes towards patient advocacy. Conclusions: Although the mentioned individual factors may be intertwined, the conclusion is that both individual and organisational factors influenced RNs' attitudes towards patient advocacy. The results do not verify that nursing experience, workplace experience, educational level or personality traits influence the RNs' attitudes towards patient advocacy. The proportion of explained variance indicates that additional factors also influence attitudes towards patient advocacy, and more research is needed to shed further light on these factors.
30.	Eklund, Anna Josse, 1968-, et al. (author) Sjuksköterskans advokatskap för patienter inom kommunal vård 2011 Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)
31.	Eklund, Anna Josse, 1968- (author) Sjuksköterskor som patienters företrädare : Med huvudsakligt fokus på företrädarskap för äldre patienter i kommunal hälso- och sjukvård 2013 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The overall aim was to study nurses’ and managers’ attitudes towards micro social patient advocacy (I) and factors related to patient advocacy (II, III) with the main focus being on advocacy in the care of older patients in community health care together with psychometric testing of the instrument 'Attitudes toward Patient Advocacy Scale-Attitudes toward MIcrosocial Advocacy' (IV).Methods: A quantiative cross-sectional study and a qualitative study were carried out. Nurses (n=207) and managers (n=23) in community health care responded to a questionnaire about patient advocacy, nursing competence, personal traits, quality of care and organisational climate (I, II, IV). Nurses' (n=18) perceptions of influencers of patient advocacy was studied in a phenomenographic study (III).The results showed that nurses and managers reported positive attitudes to patient advocacy (I, II), especially for patients unable to speak for themselves (I). Two areas of nursing competence (Performing the nursing process, Supervision and cooperation) and a dimension of quality of care of older patients were positively associated with attitudes towards patient advocacy (II). Two organisational dimensions were, negatively (dynamism) respectively positively (playfulness), associated with attitudes towards patient advocacy. The nurses' perceptions of influencers of patient advocacy consist of three hierarchically related levels: The nurse's character traits, The nurse’s bond with the patient and The organisational conditions (III). The Swedish version of APAS-AMIA consists of 33 items in a four-factor structure (APAS-AMIA/SE): Support patients’ beliefs and decision-making, Safeguard patients' health care, Support patients to communicate their wishes and Respect patients’ wishes not to participate in decisions regarding care (IV).Conclusions: Maintaining the continuing professional competence of nurses is important, and is ensuring the organisational prerequisites to enable nurses' advocacy for patients.
32.	Eklund, Anna Josse, 1968-, et al. (author) Swedish nurses’ perceptions of influencers on patient advocacy – a phenomenographic study 2014 In: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 21:6, s. 673-683 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: A limited number of studies have shown that patient advocacy can be influenced by both facilitators and barriers which can encourage and discourage nurses to act as patient advocates. Objective: This study’s aim was to describe Swedish nurses’ perceptions of influencers on patient advocacy.Research design and context: Interviews with 18 registered nurses from different Swedish clinical contexts were analysed using the phenomenographic method.Ethical considerations: Ethical revisions were made in accordance with national legislation and guidelines by committees for research ethics at Karlstad University. Findings: Three levels of hierarchically related influencers on patient advocacy were found in the descriptive categories. The fundamental influencer, the nurse’s character traits, was described in the perceptions that advocacy is influenced by nurse’s having a moral compass, having control over the care situation, being protective and feeling secure as a nurse. The second most vital influencer, the nurse’s bond with the patient, was expressed in the perceptions of knowing the patient and feeling empathy for the patient. The third level of influencers, the organisational conditions, was described in the perceptions that the organisational structures and organisational culture influence patient advocacy.Discussion: The results correspond with findings from earlier research but add an understanding that influencers on patient advocacy exist at three hierarchically related levels. Conclusion: The nurse’s character traits are the fundamental influencer to patient advocacy, but in order to be comfortable and secure when advocating for patients, nurses also need to be familiar with both the patient and the situation. A supposition could be that all influencers interact, which needs to be further addressed in future studies.
33.	Eklund, Anna Josse, 1968-, et al. (author) Swedish registered nurses’ and nurse managers’ attitudes towards patient advocacy in community care of older patients 2013 In: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 21:5, s. 753-761 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim To describe and compare registered nurses’ (RNs) and nurse managers’ (NMs) attitudes towards patient advocacy in the community care of older patients.Background RNs may act as patients’ advocates in the care of older patients. NMs should support patient advocacy in order to make the best care available to patients.Method A modified Attitudes towards Patient Advocacy Scale was used to collect data from 207 RNs and 23 NMs in the Swedish community care of older patients. The response rate was 52%. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results Both RNs and NMs showed positive attitudes towards patient advocacy. They were more positive towards patient advocacy for patients unable to help themselves than for competent patients.Conclusions This study showed that RNs and NMs did not differ in their attitudes towards patient advocacy. This result is consistent with the idea of giving the neediest and vulnerable patients greater care.Implications for Nursing Management It is important for NMs to clarify their own and RNs attitudes towards patient advocacy as disparities may affect cooperation between the groups. Any effects on cooperation may, by extension, affect the quality of care.
34.	Elf, Kristin, et al. (author) Alterations in muscle proteome of patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2014 In: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-3919 .- 1876-7737. ; 108, s. 55-64 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease characterized by progressive muscle paralysis. Currently clinical tools for ALS diagnostics do not perform well enough and their improvement is needed. The objective of this study was to identify specific protein alterations related to the development of ALS using tiny muscle biopsies. We applied a shotgun proteomics and quantitative dimethyl labeling in order to analyze the global changes in human skeletal muscle proteome of ALS versus healthy subjects for the first time. 235 proteins were quantified and 11 proteins were found significantly regulated in ALS muscles. These proteins are involved in muscle development and contraction, metabolic processes, enzyme activity, regulation of apoptosis and transport activity. In order to eliminate a risk to confuse ALS with other denervations, muscle biopsies of patients with postpolio syndrome and Charcot Marie Tooth disease (negative controls) were compared to those of ALS and controls. Only few proteins significantly regulated in ALS patients compared to controls were affected differently in negative controls. These proteins (BTB and kelch domain-containing protein 10, myosin light chain 3, glycogen debranching enzyme, transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase), individually or as a panel, could be selected for estimation of ALS diagnosis and development. Biological significance ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, and luckily, very rare: only one to two people out of 100,000 develop ALS yearly. This fact, however, makes studies of ALS very challenging since it is very difficult to collect the representative set of clinical samples and this may take up to several years. In this study we collected the muscle biopsies from 12 ALS patients and compared the ALS muscle proteome against the one from control subjects. We suggested the efficient method for such comprehensive quantitative analysis by LC-MS and performed it for the first time using human ALS material. This gel- and antibody-free method can be widely applied for muscle proteome studies and has been used by us for revealing of the specific protein alterations associated with ALS.
35.	Engström, Gunnar, et al. (author) Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications 2024 In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
36.	Eriksson, Therese, et al. (author) Magnetic short-range order in the new ternary phase Mn8Pd15Si7 2005 In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 403:1-2, s. 19-28 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A new compound, Mn8Pd15Si7, is reported to crystallize in a face centered cubic unit cell of dimension a = 12.0141(2) Å, space group, and can thus be classified as a G-phase. The crystal structure was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and electron diffraction. A filled Mg6Cu16Si7 type structure was found, corresponding to the Sc11Ir4 type structure. The magnetic properties were investigated by magnetization measurements and Reverse Monte Carlo modeling of low temperature magnetic short-range order (SRO). Dominating near neighbor antiferromagnetic correlations were found between the Mn atoms and geometric frustration in combination with random magnetic interactions via metal sites with partial Mn occupancy were suggested to hinder formation of long-range magnetic order.
37.	Ewins, Kristin, et al. (author) The role of national networks... 2022 In: ICED 2022 Conference. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
38.	Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al. (author) Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. 2015 In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
39.	Fredriksson-Larsson, Ulla, et al. (author) Psychometric analysis of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory in a sample of persons treated for myocardial infarction 2015 In: Journal of Nursing Measurement. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1061-3749 .- 1945-7049. ; 23:1, s. 154-167 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background and Purpose: Fatigue after myocardial infarction is a frequent and distressing symptom in the early recovery phase. The purpose of this study is to psychometrically evaluate the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20). Methods: The MFI-20 was evaluated using Rasch analysis. Results: The result showed that the MFI-20 can be used to obtain a global score reflecting an underlying unidimensional trait of fatigue; a transformation of the summarized raw scale scores into interval scale scores could be made. Also, 4 of the 5 original dimensions separately fitted the Rasch model. Conclusions: Calculation of a global score increases the possibility of identifying persons experiencing fatigue after myocardial infarction, and using the MFI-20 dimension scores increases the possibility of determining each person’s specific fatigue profile.
40.	Furberg, Anna, 1990, et al. (author) Environmental and resource aspects of substituting cemented carbide with polycrystalline diamond : The case of machining tools 2020 In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 277 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Synthetic diamond competes with the conventional cemented carbide (WC–Co) tool material in some applications due to its extreme hardness. However, so far, these materials have not been compared from a life cycle perspective regarding their environmental and resource impacts. The aims of this study are i) to provide detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) results for industrial polycrystalline diamond (PCD) production from diamond grit produced via high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis and ii) to conduct the first comparative LCA of PCD and WC-Co tools for the cases of wood working and titanium alloys machining. The results show that the main hotspot in HPHT synthesis of diamond grit, which is the main precursor to PCD, is the use of WC-Co in the high-pressure apparatus. In PCD tool production, the electricity input and the use of tungsten and molybdenum contribute the most to environmental and resource impacts. The environmental and resource impacts of the PCD tool production can be reduced with 53–83% if solar electricity and full WC-Co recycling is applied. The comparison shows high environmental and resource improvements when substituting WC-Co tools with PCD tools in wood working, but not in titanium alloys machining. © 2020 The Authors
41.	Furberg, Anna, 1990, et al. (author) Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Synthetic Diamond Production 2019 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract Synthetic diamond is a superhard material found in applications such as cutting and grinding of rocks, minerals, metals and plastics, but also in windows and lenses in analytical equipment. Since the 1950s, when the synthesis of diamond via the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis was introduced, the use of synthetic diamond has gained increasing importance within industry, for example in cutting processes. Today, synthetic diamond dominates the industrial diamond use over its natural counterpart and the production is mainly via HPHT synthesis. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis is also applied but to a lesser extent due to various technological issues, including the tendency of CVD diamond coatings to wear and tear in tooling applications. Nevertheless, a lot of research exist in the area of synthetic diamond film production via CVD synthesis addressing technological issues and CVD diamond has been described as the potential facilitator of a new diamond age. In the strive for sustainable production, it is important to investigate the environmental impacts associated with various products and life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly applied for this purpose. Until now, however, no study has conducted LCA of conventional synthetic diamond production via HPHT synthesis and so far, only laboratory-scale LCA results have been presented for one CVD synthesis alternative. The aim of this study is to conduct a cradle-to-gate LCA for synthetic diamond production both via the conventional HPHT synthesis and the potentially emerging CVD synthesis. For the latter route of synthesis, prospective (or ex ante) LCA was conducted and a predictive scenario was constructed focusing on microwave CVD. Future scenarios were constructed, e.g. by modelling the background energy system both using a fossil-based mix, representing the currently dominating Chinese production, and a renewable energy mix in an explorative scenario. A comprehensive uncertainty analysis was furthermore conducted for the included parameters. Environmental impacts were compared between the two routes of synthesis and hotspots in synthetic diamond production identified. The results from this research can be applied as a foundation for further LCA studies of synthetic diamond products.
42.	Furberg, Anna, 1990, et al. (author) What are the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Synthetic Diamond? 2019 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract Synthetic diamond is due to its superior properties used in a wide range of applications including cutting and grinding of metals and rocks, but also in analytical equipment lenses and jewelry. The conventional production of synthetic diamond is energy-intensive and typically conducted via high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis, while microwave chemical vapor deposition (MW-CVD) is also used but to a lesser extent. The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of synthetic diamond production via HPHT and MW-CVD synthesis. The method of life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied, where the environmental impacts of a product is studied over its life cycle. In this study, the parts of the life cycle included are the raw material extraction and manufacturing of synthetic diamond. Various types of environmental impacts are assessed, including global warming and acidification. Furthermore, the largest contributors in synthetic diamond production to the environmental impacts, i.e. the hotspots, are identified and potential improvements are discussed. Scenarios were constructed in order to assess the importance of the type of electricity mix that is applied in the production. Preliminary results from the study indicate that the cemented carbide (WC-Co) parts required for the high-pressure apparatus constitute a hotspot in the HPHT synthesis, while the required electricity constitutes a hotspot in the MW-CVD synthesis.The results provided from this study on conventional synthetic diamond production can be applied by synthetic diamond manufacturers in order to identify the largest potentials for improvement in their production. The results can also be used in future full LCA studies, which then include the whole life cycle of synthetic diamond products.
43.	Genkinger, Jeanine M., et al. (author) A pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies of anthropometric factors and pancreatic cancer risk 2011 In: International Journal of Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 129:7, s. 1708-1717 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Epidemiologic studies of pancreatic cancer risk have reported null or nonsignificant positive associations for obesity, while associations for height have been null. Waist and hip circumference have been evaluated infrequently. A pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies on 846,340 individuals was conducted; 2,135 individuals were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer during follow-up. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards models, and then pooled using a random effects model. Compared to individuals with a body mass index (BMI) at baseline between 21-22.9 kg/m(2), pancreatic cancer risk was 47% higher (95% CI:23-75%) among obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) individuals. A positive association was observed for BMI in early adulthood (pooled multivariate [MV]RR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.09-1.56 comparing BMI >= 25 kg/m(2) to a BMI between 21 and 22.9 kg/m(2)). Compared to individuals who were not overweight in early adulthood (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)) and not obese at baseline (BMI < 30 kg/m(2)), pancreatic cancer risk was 54% higher (95%CI = 24-93%) for those who were overweight in early adulthood and obese at baseline. We observed a 40% higher risk among individuals who had gained BMI >= 10 kg/m(2) between BMI at baseline and younger ages compared to individuals whose BMI remained stable. Results were either similar or slightly stronger among never smokers. A positive association was observed between waist to hip ratio (WHR) and pancreatic cancer risk (pooled MVRR = 1.35 comparing the highest versus lowest quartile, 95%CI = 1.03-1.78). BMI and WHR were positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Maintaining normal body weight may offer a feasible approach to reducing morbidity and mortality from pancreatic cancer.
44.	Hedin, Charlotte Rose Hawkey, et al. (author) Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 2020 In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 18:10, s. 2-2304 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background & Aims: Few patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists because of the often mild symptoms of IBD. We assessed the effects of anti-TNF agents on liver function in patients with PSC and IBD, and their efficacy in treatment of IBD. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 141 patients with PSC and IBD receiving treatment with anti-TNF agents (infliximab or adalimumab) at 20 sites (mostly tertiary-care centers) in Europe and North America. We collected data on the serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). IBD response was defined as either endoscopic response or, if no endoscopic data were available, clinical response, as determined by the treating clinician or measurements of fecal calprotectin. Remission was defined more stringently as endoscopic mucosal healing. We used linear regression analysis to identify factors associated significantly with level of ALP during anti-TNF therapy. Results: Anti-TNF treatment produced a response of IBD in 48% of patients and remission of IBD in 23%. There was no difference in PSC symptom frequency before or after drug exposure. The most common reasons for anti-TNF discontinuation were primary nonresponse of IBD (17%) and side effects (18%). At 3 months, infliximab-treated patients had a median reduction in serum level of ALP of 4% (interquartile range, reduction of 25% to increase of 19%) compared with a median 15% reduction in ALP in adalimumab-treated patients (interquartile range, reduction of 29% to reduction of 4%; P =.035). Factors associated with lower ALP were normal ALP at baseline (P <.01), treatment with adalimumab (P =.090), and treatment in Europe (P =.083). Conclusions: In a retrospective analysis of 141 patients with PSC and IBD, anti-TNF agents were moderately effective and were not associated with exacerbation of PSC symptoms or specific side effects. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the association between use of adalimumab and reduced serum levels of ALP further.
45.	Holter, Herborg, 1960, et al. (author) In vitro fertilization health care professionals generally underestimate patients’ satisfaction with quality of care 2017 In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 96:3, s. 302-312 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have mainly compared professionals' and patient's ratings of the importance of different care aspects, finding poor agreement between the groups concerning patient-centered quality of care. There is still little known about the professionals' knowledge of how patients' experience the quality of care they receive during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate how IVF health care professionals estimate patients' experience of patient-centered quality of care and if certain factors influenced the IVF professionals' perceptions and IVF patients' experience of quality of care.MATERIAL AND METHODS: All 16 IVF public and private clinics in Sweden participated in this cross sectional study. A total of 268 IVF health care professionals and 3298 patients (women and men) undergoing IVF treatment between January and May 2015 participated by answering the validated questionnaire "Quality from the patient's perspective of in vitro fertilization treatment" (QPP-IVF).RESULTS: Healthcare professionals significantly underestimated patients' satisfaction with the patient-centered quality of care they received in all aspects measured. Both patients and professionals rated the most deficient factors to be 'responsibility/continuity', 'participation' and 'availability'. Healthcare professionals and patients belonging to private clinics evaluated patient-centered care as significantly better than professionals and patients at public clinics in almost all aspects measured.CONCLUSION: The results of this study will increase the professionals understanding of the patients' experiences during IVF treatment and provide additional knowledge when identifying areas to prioritize in order to improve quality of care.
46.	Holter, Herborg, 1960, et al. (author) Patient-centred quality of care in an IVF programme evaluated by men and women. 2014 In: Human reproduction (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2350 .- 0268-1161. ; 29:12, s. 2695-2703 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Do men and women value the same aspects of quality of care during IVF treatment when measuring rates of importance by the validated instrument, quality from the patient's perspective of in vitro fertilization (QPP-IVF)?
47.	Holter, Herborg, et al. (author) Quality of care in an IVF programme : differences and similarities between genders 2014 In: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 29, s. 81-81 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
48.	Holter, Herborg, 1960, et al. (author) Quality of care in an IVF programme from a patient's perspective: development of a validated instrument. 2014 In: Human reproduction (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2350 .- 0268-1161. ; 29:3, s. 534-547 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Is it possible to develop a trustworthy instrument to evaluate the patient's perspective on fertility care and to document fully all methodological steps, including validation?
49.	Huyghe, Jeroen R., et al. (author) Discovery of common and rare genetic risk variants for colorectal cancer 2019 In: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:1, s. 76- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To further dissect the genetic architecture of colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed whole-genome sequencing of 1,439 cases and 720 controls, imputed discovered sequence variants and Haplotype Reference Consortium panel variants into genome-wide association study data, and tested for association in 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Findings were followed up in an additional 23,262 cases and 38,296 controls. We discovered a strongly protective 0.3% frequency variant signal at CHD1. In a combined meta-analysis of 125,478 individuals, we identified 40 new independent signals at P < 5 x 10(-8), bringing the number of known independent signals for CRC to similar to 100. New signals implicate lower-frequency variants, Kruppel-like factors, Hedgehog signaling, Hippo-YAP signaling, long noncoding RNAs and somatic drivers, and support a role for immune function. Heritability analyses suggest that CRC risk is highly polygenic, and larger, more comprehensive studies enabling rare variant analysis will improve understanding of biology underlying this risk and influence personalized screening strategies and drug development.
50.	Ilves, Kristin, 1978-, et al. (author) "Sentida militär anläggning" var en tidigmedeltida hamn 2011 In: Populär Arkeologi. - 0281-014X. ; 3, s. 16-17 Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)

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