| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Amin, Khabat, et al.
(author)
-
Analysis of road safety trends 2020 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2020 interim targets
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Swedish road safety management is based on the Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. 2020 was the final year for achieving the interim target of halving the number of fatalities between 2007 and 2020, i.e., a maximum of 220 fatalities in 2020. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured in road traffic must be reduced by a quarter. This report describes and analyses the current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities and seriously injured. As this report is the last for the 2007-2020 interim target period, it can be seen as a final summary of how well the targets were achieved for fatalities and seriously injured and for the safety performance indicators. However, it is also important to remember that the year 2020 coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a profound impact on virtually the entire society. This affected travel in a number of different ways, and consequently it is impossible to estimate the impact this has had on the outcome in 2020, although it probably has led to a slightly lower outcome. The table below shows starting and final values together with an overview of whether the safety performance indicators have met the 2020 targets.
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| 3. |
- Angelin, Marcus, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic combinatorial resolution
- 2009
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In: Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. - Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470096031 ; , s. 169-200
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Anton, Rikard, 1989-
(author)
-
Exponential integrators for stochastic partial differential equations
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) have during the past decades become an important tool for modeling systems which are influenced by randomness. Because of the complex nature of SPDEs, knowledge of efficient numerical methods with good convergence and geometric properties is of considerable importance. Due to this, numerical analysis of SPDEs has become an important and active research field.The thesis consists of four papers, all dealing with time integration of different SPDEs using exponential integrators. We analyse exponential integrators for the stochastic wave equation, the stochastic heat equation, and the stochastic Schrödinger equation. Our primary focus is to study strong order of convergence of temporal approximations. However, occasionally, we also analyse space approximations such as finite element and finite difference approximations. In addition to this, for some SPDEs, we consider conservation properties of numerical discretizations.As seen in this thesis, exponential integrators for SPDEs have many benefits over more traditional integrators such as Euler-Maruyama schemes or the Crank-Nicolson-Maruyama scheme. They are explicit and therefore very easy to implement and use in practice. Also, they are excellent at handling stiff problems, which naturally arise from spatial discretizations of SPDEs. While many explicit integrators suffer step size restrictions due to stability issues, exponential integrators do not in general.In Paper 1 we consider a full discretization of the stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise. We use a finite element method for the spatial discretization, and for the temporal discretization we use a stochastic trigonometric method. In the first part of the paper, we prove mean-square convergence of the full approximation. In the second part, we study the behavior of the total energy, or Hamiltonian, of the wave equation. It is well known that for deterministic (Hamiltonian) wave equations, the total energy remains constant in time. We prove that for stochastic wave equations with additive noise, the expected energy of the exact solution grows linearly with time. We also prove that the numerical approximation produces a small error in this linear drift.In the second paper, we study an exponential integrator applied to the time discretization of the stochastic Schrödinger equation with a multiplicative potential. We prove strong convergence order 1 and 1/2 for additive and multiplicative noise, respectively. The deterministic linear Schrödinger equation has several conserved quantities, including the energy, the mass, and the momentum. We first show that for Schrödinger equations driven by additive noise, the expected values of these quantities grow linearly with time. The exponential integrator is shown to preserve these linear drifts for all time in the case of a stochastic Schrödinger equation without potential. For the equation with a multiplicative potential, we obtain a small error in these linear drifts.The third paper is devoted to studying a full approximation of the one-dimensional stochastic heat equation. For the spatial discretization we use a finite difference method and an exponential integrator is used for the temporal approximation. We prove mean-square convergence and almost sure convergence of the approximation when the coefficients of the problem are assumed to be Lipschitz continuous. For non-Lipschitz coefficients, we prove convergence in probability.In Paper 4 we revisit the stochastic Schrödinger equation. We consider this SPDE with a power-law nonlinearity. This nonlinearity is not globally Lipschitz continuous and the exact solution is not assumed to remain bounded for all times. These difficulties are handled by considering a truncated version of the equation and by working with stopping times and random time intervals. We prove almost sure convergence and convergence in probability for the exponential integrator as well as convergence orders of ½ − ?, for all ? > 0, and 1/2, respectively.
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| 6. |
- Anton, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
Full discretisation of semi-linear stochastic wave equations driven by multiplicative noise
- 2015
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A fully discrete approximation of the semi-linear stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise is presented. A standard linear finite element approximation is used in space and a stochastic trigonometric method for the temporal approximation. This explicit time integrator allows for mean-square error bounds indepen- dent of the space discretisation and thus do not suffer from a step size restriction as in the often used Störmer-Verlet- leap-frog scheme. Furthermore, it satisfies an almost trace formula (i. e., a linear drift of the expected value of the energy of the problem). Numerical experiments are presented and confirm the theoretical results.
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| 7. |
- Anton, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
Full discretization of semilinear stochastic wave equations driven by multiplicative noise
- 2016
-
In: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis. - 0036-1429 .- 1095-7170. ; 54:2, s. 1093-1119
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A fully discrete approximation of the semilinear stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise is presented. A standard linear finite element approximation is used in space, and a stochastic trigonometric method is used for the temporal approximation. This explicit time integrator allows for mean-square error bounds independent of the space discretization and thus does not suffer from a step size restriction as in the often used Stormer-Verlet leapfrog scheme. Furthermore, it satisfies an almost trace formula (i.e., a linear drift of the expected value of the energy of the problem). Numerical experiments are presented and confirm the theoretical results.
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| 8. |
- Aspenberg, David, et al.
(author)
-
An evaluation of the statistics of steel material model parameters
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 212:6, s. 1288-1297
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In robustness studies, variations of material properties are often represented by simple assumptions, such as scaling of stress-strain relations, often due to lack of knowledge or deeper understanding of the material physics and the material model applied. By performing material characterisation tests on several batches of a DP600 steel and fitting a phenomenological material model to each batch, this paper studies the dispersion of material model parameters, as well as correlations between both experimental and model parameters. It is concluded that some of the charcterisation tests may be omitted in the future, due to correlations found between parameters. The results may also be applied in a robustness study by inversely using the retrieved statistics to generate reasonable new sets of material model parameters. The methodology presented may be adopted for any other type of material characterisation process.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Björklund, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Failure of high strength steel sheets : Experiments and modelling
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 213:7, s. 1103-1117
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Failure in sheet metal structures of ductile material is usually caused by one of, or a combination of, ductile fracture, shear fracture or localised instability. In this paper the failure of the high strength steel Docol 600DP and the ultra high strength steel Docol 1200M is explored. The constitutive model used in this study includes plastic anisotropy and mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening. For modelling of the ductile and shear fracture the models presented by Cockroft–Latham and Bressan–Williams have been used. The instability phenomenon is described by the constitutive law and the finite element (FE) models. For calibration of the failure models and validation of the results, an extensive experimental series has been conducted including shear tests, plane strain tests and Nakajima tests. The geometries of the Nakajima tests have been chosen so that the first quadrant of the forming limit diagram (FLD) were covered. The results are presented both in an FLD and using prediction of force–displacement response of the Nakajima test employing element erosion during the FE simulations. The classical approach for failure prediction is to compare the principal plastic strains obtained from FE simulations with experimental determined forming limit curves (FLCs). It is well known that the experimental FLC requires proportional strains to be useful. In this work failure criteria, both of the instability and fracture, are proposed which can be used also for non-proportional strain paths.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Brousseau, KR, et al.
(author)
-
The seasoned executive's decision-making style
- 2006
-
In: Harvard Business Review. - 0017-8012. ; 84:2, s. 110-110
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leaders make decisions every day of their lives, but how they do it changes dramatically over the course of their careers. At lower levels, the job is to get widgets out the door; action is at a premium. At higher levels, the job involves decisions about which widgets to offer and how to develop them. To climb the corporate ladder and be effective in new roles, managers need to change the way they use information and evaluate options. Based on a study of the decision-making profiles of more than 120,000 executives, the authors found that people make decisions very differently in public than they do in private and that the decision styles of successful managers evolve in highly predictable patterns. The most successful managers and executives become increasingly open and interactive in their leadership (or public) styles, and more analytic in their thinking (or private) styles, as they progress in their careers. The research shows that decision-making profiles do a complete flip over the course of a career; that is, the decision profile of a successful CEO is the opposite of a successful first-line supervisor's. When does the major change in focus occur? Somewhere between the manager level and the director level, executives find that formerly effective decision styles no longer work so well. At this point, decision styles fall into a "convergence zone," where managers use all styles more or less equally. From then on, the executives continue to evolve their styles. The most successful managers come to the convergence zone quickly and continue to adjust their styles as their careers progress. Low performers seem to stagnate once they hit the convergence zone; their styles do not evolve in new directions. Clearly, relying on past successes and habits is no guarantee of success-indeed, it may be the road to failure.
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| 15. |
- Bylander, Anna, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
Rapid effects of progesterone on ciliary beat frequency in the mouse fallopian tube.
- 2010
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In: Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7827. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The physiological regulation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) within the fallopian tube is important for controlling the transport of gametes and the fertilized ovum. Progesterone influences gamete transport in the fallopian tube of several mammalian species. In fallopian tubes isolated from cows, treatment with 20 micromolar progesterone caused a rapid reduction of the tubal CBF. The aims of this study were to establish methodology for studying fallopian tube CBF in the mouse, as it is an important model species, and to investigate if progesterone rapidly affects the CBF of mice at nM concentrations. METHODS: A method to assess tubal CBF of mice was developed. Fallopian tubes were dissected and the tissue was cut in small pieces. Tissue samples with moving cilia were located under an inverted bright field microscope and held still against the bottom of a petri dish by a motorized needle system. Images were acquired over 90 minutes at 35 degrees C with a high-speed camera and used for assessing changes in the CBF in response to the addition of hormone. RESULTS: The baseline CBF of the mouse fallopian tube was 23.3 +/- 3.8 Hz. The CBF was stable over at least 90 minutes allowing establishment of a baseline frequency, addition of hormone and subsequent recordings. Progesterone at concentrations of 20 micromolar and 100 nM significantly reduced the CBF by 10% and 15% respectively after 30 minutes compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the mouse, despite its small size, is a useful model for studying the fallopian tube CBF ex vivo. The rapid reduction in CBF by 100 nM progesterone suggests that gamete transport in the fallopian tube could be mediated by progesterone via a non-genomic receptor mechanism.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Escobar, Zilma, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of poinsettifolin A
- 2014
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In: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4020. ; 70:47, s. 9052-9056
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A synthesis of poinsettifolin A (1), a prenylated flavonol isolated from Dorstenia poinsettifolia, is described. Two routes starting from quercetin were explored, and 1 could be prepared if a prenyl group first was incorporated at C-6 of the protected quercetin followed by a condensation with citral at C-8. The key synthetic steps are a Mitsunobu reaction, an europium (III)-catalysed Claisen rearrangement coupled with cross-metathesis, and a benzopyran-forming geranylation. The two geranylated 3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavonols prepared, 1 and 3, were assayed for antileishmanial activity against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis, and found to be active. Compound 3 showed cytotoxic activity against leukaemia and lung cancer cells while 1 lacked cytotoxicity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Forssen, Christian, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Strongly Interacting Few-Fermion Systems in a Trap
- 2015
-
In: Few-Body Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-5411 .- 0177-7963. ; 56:11-12, s. 837-844
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few- and many-fermion systems on the verge of stability, and consisting of strongly interacting particles, appear in many areas of physics. The theoretical modeling of such systems is a very difficult problem. In this work we present a theoretical framework that is based on the rigged Hilbert space formulation. The few-body problem is solved by exact diagonalization using a basis in which bound, resonant, and non-resonant scattering states are included on an equal footing. Current experiments with ultracold atoms offer a fascinating opportunity to study universal properties of few-body systems with a high degree of control over parameters such as the external trap geometry, the number of particles, and even the interaction strength. In particular, particles can be allowed to tunnel out of the trap by applying a magnetic-field gradient that effectively lowers the potential barrier. The result is a tunable open quantum system that allows detailed studies of the tunneling mechanism. In this Paper we introduce our method and present results for the decay rate of two distinguishable fermions in a one-dimensional trap as a function of the interaction strength. In particular, we present for the first time several technical and numerical details of our approach, recently published in Lundmark et al. (Phys Rev A 91:041601, 2015). We also show results from a careful analysis of the numerical convergence.
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| 20. |
- Furuseth, Eira Ruud, et al.
(author)
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An efficient synthesis of pregaliellalactone and desoxygaliellalactone
- 2014
-
In: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4039. ; 55:27, s. 3667-3669
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A short and efficient total synthesis of rac-desoxygaliellalactone and (+)-desoxygaliellalactone, via the biosynthetic intermediate pregaliellalactone, is described. The synthesis was achieved in only three steps, for (+)-desoxygaliellalactone including an enantioselective alkyl propiolate addition to 4-pentenal, a palladium catalysed alkylative lactonisation and an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Gmoser, Rebecca, 1990-, et al.
(author)
-
From stale bread and brewers spent grain to a new food source using edible filamentous fungi
- 2020
-
In: Bioengineered Bugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 11:1, s. 582-598
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By-products from the food sector with a high load of organic matter present both a waste-handling problem related to expenses and to the environment, yet also an opportunity. This study aims to increase the value of stale bread and brewers spent grain (BSG) by re-introducing these residues to the food production chain by converting them to new protein-enriched products using the edible filamentous fungi Neurospora intermedia and Rhizopusoryzae. After 6 days of solid state fermentation (at 35°C, with a95% relative humidity and moisture content of 40% in the substrate) on stale bread, a nutrient-rich fungal-fermented product was produced. The total protein content, as analyzed by total amino acids, increased from 16.5% in stale sourdough bread to 21.1% (on dry weight basis) in the final product with an improved relative ratio of essential amino acids. An increase in dietary fiber, minerals (Cu, Fe, Zn) and vitamin E, as well as an addition of vitamin D2 (0.89 µg/g dry weight sample) was obtained compared with untreated stale bread. Furthermore, addition of BSG to the sourdough bread with the aim to improve textural changes after fermentation showed promising outcomes. Cultivation of N. intermedia or R. oryzae on stale sourdough bread mixed with 6.5% or 11.8% BSG, respectively, resulted in fungal-fermented products with similar textural properties to a commercial soybean burger. Bioconversion of stale bread and BSG by fungal solid state fermentation to produce a nutrient-enriched food product was confirmed to be a successful way to minimize food waste and protein shortage.
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| 22. |
- Green, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
Cross-Commodity News Transmission and Volatility Spillovers in the German Energy Markets
- 2016
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study investigates volatility spillovers to electric power fromlarge exogenous shocks in the prices of gas, coal, and carbon emissionallowances in the German energy market. Our sample ranges from 2008 to 2016and covers periods of different market conditions. We use a general VAR-BEKKmodel and the volatility impulse response function methodology to analyze andevaluate the spillover effects. Special attention is paid to selecting anappropriate econometric volatility model. Our results show that the spillovereffects often are of a significant magnitude and display considerablevariation over time and across commodities. Coal and gas generatenon-negligible spillovers during almost the entire sample period. Carbon hasvery little impact during the early and late parts of the sample, butgenerates significant, and highly variable, spillovers during the period from2011 to the end of 2014.
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| 23. |
- Green, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
Cross-Commodity News Transmission and Volatility Spillovers in the German Energy Markets
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Banking and Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4266 .- 1872-6372. ; 95, s. 231-243
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates volatility spillovers to electric power from large exogenous shocks in the prices of gas, coal, and carbon emission allowances in the German energy market. Our sample ranges from 2008 to 2016 and covers periods of different market conditions. We use a general VAR-BEKK model and the volatility impulse response function methodology to analyze and evaluate the spillover effects. Special attention is paid to selecting an appropriate econometric volatility model. Our results show that the spillover effects often are of a significant magnitude and display considerable variation over time and across commodities. Coal and gas generate non-negligible spillovers during almost the entire sample period. Carbon has very little impact during the early and late parts of the sample, but generates significant, and highly variable, spillovers during the period from 2011 to the end of 2014.
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| 24. |
- Green, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
Pricing Electricity Swaptions under a Stochastic Volatility Term-Structure Model
- 2012
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper suggests a stochastic volatility term-structure model applied to the pricing of electricity swaptions in the Nord Pool market. The volatility structure in the model is specified as a product of a time-dependent function that handles the maturity effect, and a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process that captures the volatility smile. We employ a Fourier based approach to price electricity swaptions and perform an empirical analysis by calibrating the model to a data set consisting of more than 12000 implied volatilities corresponding to swaption prices from the Nord Pool market. To our knowledge this is one of the first studies of the volatility smile in the market for electricity swaptions. We show that our model outperforms the log-normal benchmark in-sample and out-of-sample.
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| 25. |
- Green, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
Pricing electricity swaptions under a stochastic volatility term structure model
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Energy Markets. - : Incisive Media Investments Ltd.. - 1756-3607 .- 1756-3615. ; 6:4, s. 43-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper suggests a stochastic volatility term structure model applied to the pricing of electricity swaptions in the Nordic power market traded at the Nasdaq OMX Commodities exchange. The volatility structure in the model is specified as a product of a time-dependent function, which handles the maturity effect, and a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process for the stochastic volatility. We employ a Fourier-based approach to pricing electricity swaptions and perform an empirical analysis by calibrating the model to a data set consisting of more than 12 000 pairs of implied bid-ask volatilities, corresponding to swaption prices from the Nordic power market. We show that our model outperforms the lognormal benchmark both in- and out-of-sample.
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| 26. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(author)
-
Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians.
- 2018
-
In: Frontiers in Psychology. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While traffic signals, signs, and road markings provide explicit guidelines for those operating in and around the roadways, some decisions, such as determinations of "who will go first," are made by implicit negotiations between road users. In such situations, pedestrians are today often dependent on cues in drivers' behavior such as eye contact, postures, and gestures. With the introduction of more automated functions and the transfer of control from the driver to the vehicle, pedestrians cannot rely on such non-verbal cues anymore. To study how the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles (AVs) might look like in the future, and how this might be affected if AVs were to communicate their intent to pedestrians, we designed an external vehicle interface called automated vehicle interaction principle (AVIP) that communicates vehicles' mode and intent to pedestrians. The interaction was explored in two experiments using a Wizard of Oz approach to simulate automated driving. The first experiment was carried out at a zebra crossing and involved nine pedestrians. While it focused mainly on assessing the usability of the interface, it also revealed initial indications related to pedestrians' emotions and perceived safety when encountering an AV with/without the interface. The second experiment was carried out in a parking lot and involved 24 pedestrians, which enabled a more detailed assessment of pedestrians' perceived safety when encountering an AV, both with and without the interface. For comparison purposes, these pedestrians also encountered a conventional vehicle. After a short training course, the interface was deemed easy for the pedestrians to interpret. The pedestrians stated that they felt significantly less safe when they encountered the AV without the interface, compared to the conventional vehicle and the AV with the interface. This suggests that the interface could contribute to a positive experience and improved perceived safety in pedestrian encounters with AVs - something that might be important for general acceptance of AVs. As such, this topic should be further investigated in future studies involving a larger sample and more dynamic conditions.
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| 27. |
- Heberling, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
About the type : Nordische Antiqua
- 2021
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In: 75 Years : The Nordic Art Association’s Swedish Section - The Nordic Art Association’s Swedish Section. - 9789189270060 ; , s. 106-107
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 28. |
- Hurtig, Per, et al.
(author)
-
Analys av trafiksäkerhetsutvecklingen 2022 : Målstyrning av trafiksäkerhetsarbetet mot etappmålen 2030
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det svenska trafiksäkerhetsarbetet utgår från Nollvisionen och etappmål på vägen dit. Det nuvarande etappmålet för vägtrafiken innebär en halvering av antalet omkomna, från 266 (medelvärde 20172019), till max 133 omkomna år 2030. Etappmålet innebär också att antalet allvarligt skadade i vägtrafiken ska reduceras med 25 procent utifrån ett motsvarande utgångsvärde.I denna rapport redovisas och analyseras utvecklingen av säkerheten i vägtrafiken utifrån utpekade indikatorer och antalet omkomna. Antalet allvarligt skadade redovisas inte då en ny metod för bortfallsuppräkning av antalet allvarligt skadade tas fram under 2023. Utöver beslutade nationella etappmål finns även ett etappmål på EUnivå som innebär en halvering av antalet omkomna till 2030, jämfört med 2019.
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| 29. |
- Hurtig, Per, et al.
(author)
-
Analysis of road safety trends 2022 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2030 interim targets
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Swedish road safety work is based on Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. The current interim target for road safety is to halve the number of fatalities from 266 (the average annual number 20172019) to a maximum of 133 fatalities in 2030. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured on the roads is to be reduced by 25 per cent from a corresponding number.This report describes and analyses current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities. The number of seriously injured is not reported, as a new method for non-response compensation of the number of seriously injured is being developed in 2023. In addition to the adopted national interim targets there is also an interim target at the EU level that specifies a halving, by 2030, of the number of fatalities recorded in 2019.
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| 30. |
- Höjer Holmgren, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Route Determination of Sulfur Mustard Using Nontargeted Chemical Attribution Signature Screening
- 2021
-
In: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 93:11, s. 4850-4858
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Route determination of sulfur mustard was accomplished through comprehensive nontargeted screening of chemical attribution signatures. Sulfur mustard samples prepared via 11 different synthetic routes were analyzed using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. A large number of compounds were detected, and multivariate data analysis of the mass spectrometric results enabled the discovery of route-specific signature profiles. The performance of two supervised machine learning algorithms for retrospective synthetic route attribution, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and random forest (RF), were compared using external test sets. Complete classification accuracy was achieved for test set samples (2/2 and 9/9) by using classification models to resolve the one-step routes starting from ethylene and the thiodiglycol chlorination methods used in the two-step routes. Retrospective determination of initial thiodiglycol synthesis methods in sulfur mustard samples, following chlorination, was more difficult. Nevertheless, the large number of markers detected using the nontargeted methodology enabled correct assignment of 5/9 test set samples using OPLS-DA and 8/9 using RF. RF was also used to construct an 11-class model with a total classification accuracy of 10/11. The developed methods were further evaluated by classifying sulfur mustard spiked into soil and textile matrix samples. Due to matrix effects and the low spiking level (0.05% w/w), route determination was more challenging in these cases. Nevertheless, acceptable classification performance was achieved during external test set validation: chlorination methods were correctly classified for 12/18 and 11/15 in spiked soil and textile samples, respectively.
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| 31. |
- Höjer Holmgren, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis route attribution of sulfur mustard by multivariate data analysis of chemical signatures
- 2018
-
In: Talanta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-9140 .- 1873-3573. ; 186, s. 615-621
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A multivariate model was developed to attribute samples to a synthetic method used in the production of sulfur mustard (HD). Eleven synthetic methods were used to produce 66 samples for model construction. Three chemists working in both participating laboratories took part in the production, with the aim to introduce variability while reducing the influence of laboratory or chemist specific impurities in multivariate analysis. A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric data set of peak areas for 103 compounds was subjected to orthogonal partial least squares - discriminant analysis to extract chemical attribution signature profiles and to construct multivariate models for classification of samples. For one- and two-step routes, model quality allowed the classification of an external test set (16/16 samples) according to synthesis conditions in the reaction yielding sulfur mustard. Classification of samples according to first-step methodology was considerably more difficult, given the high purity and uniform quality of the intermediate thiodiglycol produced in the study. Model performance in classification of aged samples was also investigated.
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| 32. |
- Jareteg, Cornelia, 1986, et al.
(author)
-
Geometry Assurance Integrating Process Variation with Simulation of Spring-in for Composite Parts and Assemblies
- 2014
-
In: Proc. of ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition. - 9780791846438 ; 2A
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Geometrical variation and deviation in all manufacturing processes affect quality of the final product. Therefore geometry assurance is an important tool in the design phase of a new product. In the automotive and aviation industries where the use of composite parts is increasing drastically, new tools within variation simulations are needed. Composite parts tend to deviate more from nominal specification compared to metal parts. Methods to simulate the manufacturing process of composites have been developed before. In this paper we present how to combine the process variation simulation of composites with traditional variation simulations. The proposed method is demonstrated on a real complex subassembly, representing part of an aircraft wing-box. Since traditional variation simulation methods are not able to capture the spring-in and the special deviation behavior of composites,the proposed method adds a new feature and reliability to the geometry assurance process of composite assemblies.
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| 33. |
- Jareteg, Cornelia, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Geometry Assurance Integrating Process Variation with Simulation of Spring-In for Composite Parts and Assemblies
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 16:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Copyright © 2016 by ASME.Geometrical variation and deviation in all the manufacturing processes affect the quality of the final product. Therefore, geometry assurance is an important tool in the design phase of a new product. In the automotive and aviation industries where the use of composite parts is increasing drastically, new tools within variation simulations are needed. Composite parts tend to deviate more from nominal specification compared to metal parts. Methods to simulate the manufacturing process of composites have been developed before. In this paper, we present how to combine the process variation simulation of composites with traditional variation simulations. The proposed method is demonstrated on a real complex subassembly, representing part of an aircraft wing-box. Since traditional variation simulation methods are not able to capture the spring-in and the special deviation behavior of composites, the proposed method adds a new feature and reliability to the geometry assurance process of composite assemblies.
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| 34. |
- Kling, Katarina Svensson, et al.
(author)
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THE HUMAN SIDE OF THE BANKS’ CREDIT MANAGEMENT OF SMALL FIRMS-A Cognitive Approach to Corporate Evaluation
- 2019
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In: Risk Management : Volume II: Management and Control - Volume II: Management and Control. - : Routledge. - 9780367244460 - 9780429282515 ; 2, s. 293-332
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The human side of corporate evaluation is frequently neglected in small firm and credit management research. However, it seems to matter both who is being evaluated, especially in smaller companies, and who is making the evaluation. A major reason is that individuals process information in different ways. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for the effects of human differences in corporate evaluation based on cognitive theories about individuals’ information processing behavior. Empirical data show clear differences in which information processing pattern is suited for particular situations. This implies that there is no such thing as the one best small firm manager or evaluator style. Effective prediction of success requires instead consideration of how well the individual is matched to situational characteristics, such as industry, competition, and business idea. The framework contributes an understanding of the role of the evaluator’s personal preferences regarding the small firm manager as a person and the business situation as such and the advantages of “pluralistic-style” assessments focusing on the actual business fit between the small firm manager and the business idea/situation.
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| 35. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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A Quantitative Survey on Software In-house Integration
- 2006
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As organizations merge or collaborate closely, an important question is how their existing software assets should be handled. If these previously separate organizations are in the same business domain - they might even have been competitors - it is likely that they have developed similar software systems. To rationalize, these existing software assets should be integrated, in the sense that similar features should be implemented only once.We have previously made qualitative observations on this topic. This report describes the follow-up study, which was performed in the form of a questionnaire aimed at validating and quantifying the previous observations. This report describes the research design, present the questionnaire together with all responses, and make some statistical analyses. This will form a basis for further publications with deeper analyses.
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| 36. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Architectural reuse in software systems in-house integration and merge - Experiences from industry
- 2005
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In: Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3540290338 - 9783540290339 ; , s. 123-139
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When organizations cooperate closely, for example after a company merger, there is typically a need to integrate their in-house developed software into one coherent system, preferably by reusing from all of the existing systems. The parts that can be reused may be arbitrarily small or large, ranging from code snippets to large self-containing components. Not only implementations can be reused however; sometimes it may be more appropriate to only reuse experiences in the form of architectural solutions and requirements. In order to investigate the circumstances under which different types of reuse are appropriate, we have performed a multiple case study, consisting of nine cases. Our conclusions are, summarized: reuse of components from one system requires reuse of architectural solutions from the same system; merge of architectural solutions cannot occur unless the solutions already are similar, or if some solutions from one are incorporated into the other. In addition, by hierarchically decomposing the systems we make the same observations. Finally, among the cases we find more architectural similarities than might had been expected, due to common domain standards and common solutions within a domain. Although these observations, when presented, should not be surprising, our experiences from the cases show that in practice organizations have failed to recognize when the necessary prerequisites for reuse have not been present.
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| 37. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Concretizing the vision of a future integrated system : Experiences from industry
- 2005
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, ITI. - 953713802X - 9789537138028 ; , s. 143-148
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When an organization faces new types of collaboration, for example after a company merger, there is a need to integrate the existing software. Important challenges are how to create a realistic vision of a future integrated system, how to make the vision concrete enough to be able to work towards the vision, and of course to carry out the actual integration process. This paper focuses on how to concretize the vision. We have carried out a multiple case study, consisting of 9 cases. This paper presents the observations made in the form of recurring patterns that can be used as recommendations for other organizations facing the same challenge.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Process patterns for software systems In-house integration and merge - Experiences from industry
- 2005
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In: Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, 2005. 31st EUROMICRO Conference. - 0769524311 - 9780769524313 ; , s. 180-187
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When an organization faces new types of collaboration, for example after a company merger, there is a need to integrate the existing software. Two main process challenges are how to arrive at a realistic vision of a future integrated system, and how to actually carry out the integration process. We have performed a multiple case study, consisting of 9 cases. This paper presents the observations made in the form of recurring patterns that can be used as recommendations for other organizations facing the same challenge. Also discussed are the similarities and differences between already known software process best practices and the integration patterns found.
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| 40. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Project Monitoring and Control In Model-Driven and Component-Based Development of Embedded Systems : The CARMA Principle and Preliminary Results
- 2010
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In: ENASE 2010 - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering. - 9789898425218 ; , s. 253-258
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This position paper describes how the combination of the Model-Driven Development (MDD) and Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) paradigms can support project monitoring and control, and project risk reduction. The core principle for this is articulated and named CARMA, and our research agenda and preliminary results are described. Through interviews, industry input, process simulation, tool implementation and pilot projects, and describing an extension of CMMI, we are exploring the CARMA principle in order to provide guidelines for MDD/CBSE projects.
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| 41. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
-
Software In-House Integration : Quantified Experiences from Industry
- 2006
-
In: Proceedings 32nd Euromicro Conference onSoftware Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). - 0769525946 ; , s. 198-205
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When an organization faces new types of collaboration, for example after a company merger, there is a need to consolidate the existing in-house developed software. There are many high-level strategic decisions to be made, which should be based on as good foundation as possible, while these decisions must be made rapidly. Also, one must employ feasible processes and practices in order to get the two previously separate organizations to work towards a common goal. In order to study this topic, we previously performed an explorative and qualitative multiple case study, where we identified a number of suggested practices as well as other concerns to take into account. This paper presents a follow-up study, which aims at validating and quantifying these previous findings. This study includes a questionnaire distributed to in-house integration projects, aiming at validation of earlier findings. We compare the data to our previous conclusions, present observations on retirement of the existing systems and on the technical similarities of the existing systems. We also present some practices considered important but often neglected.
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| 42. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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The Progress Process Guidelines (PPG)
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report proposes how the emerging model-driven and component-based paradigms can be utilized in embedded systems development to achieve a potentially high level of project monitoring and control, and thus reduce project risks. The guidelines are formulated as an extension of CMMI.
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| 43. |
- Land, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Towards Guidelines for a Development Process for Component-Based Embedded Systems
- 2009
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In: COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2009. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642024566 ; , s. 43-58
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Software is more and more built from pre-existing components. This is true also for the embedded software domain, and there is a need to consider how development processes need to be changed to best utilize the component-based paradigm, and how processes and technologies must be designed to support each other. To facilitate this change towards component-based embedded software, this paper presents a set of process guidelines, named the Progress Process Guidelines (PPG), which is based on the structure of CMMI. This paper presents the structure of the PPG, and presents and analyzes the PPG parts which most closely relate to system verification, which is typically an important and difficult activity for embedded software.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Larsson, Karl, 1974-, et al.
(author)
-
A Stochastic Time-Series Model for Solar Irradiation
- 2021
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In: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1556-5068.
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We propose a novel stochastic time series model able to explain the stylized features of daily irradation level data in 5 cities in Germany. The model is suitable for applications to risk management of photovoltaic power production in renewable energy markets. The suggested dynamics is a low order autoregressive time series with seasonal level given by an atmosphericclear-sky model. Moreover, we detect a skewness property in the residuals which we explain by a winter-summer regime switch. The stochastic variance is modelled by a seasonally varying GARCH-dynamics. The winter and summer standardized residuals are proposed to be a Gaussian mixture model to capture the bimodal distributions. We estimate the model on the observed data, and perform a validation study. An application to energy markets studying the production at risk for a PV-producer is presented
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| 46. |
- Larsson, Karl, 1974-, et al.
(author)
-
A stochastic time-series model for solar irradiation
- 2023
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In: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 117
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a novel stochastic time series model able to explain the stylized features of daily irradiation level data in 5 cities in Germany. The model is suitable for applications to risk management of photovoltaic power production in renewable energy markets. The suggested dynamics is a low-order autoregressive time series with seasonal level given by an atmospheric clear-sky model. Moreover, we detect a skewness property in the residuals which we explain by a winter–summer regime switch. The stochastic variance is modeled by a seasonally varying GARCH-dynamics. The winter and summer standardized residuals are proposed to be a Gaussian mixture model to capture the bimodal distributions. We estimate the model on the observed data, and perform a validation study. An application to energy markets studying the production at risk for a PV-producer is presented.
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| 47. |
- Larsson, Rikard, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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A study of high strength steels undergoing non-linear strain paths—Experiments and modelling
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 211:1, s. 121-131
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an evaluation of the constitutive behaviour, including plastic anisotropy and mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening of two high strength steels, Docol 600DP and Docol 1200M, during strain path changes. A series of tensile and shear tests was performed on both virgin and pre-strained materials. The initial anisotropy and work hardening parameters were obtained from tensile tests, shear tests and a bulge test of the virgin material, whereas the kinematic hardening parameters were identified by comparing numerical predictions to experimental results related to the pre-strained materials. Numerical predictions using the obtained parameters agree well with the experimental results, both in the case of proportional, and under non-proportional strain paths.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Larsson, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Biomimetic Synthesis toward the Transtaganolides/Basiliolides.
- 2009
-
In: Organic Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1523-7052 .- 1523-7060. ; 11:3, s. 657-660
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A concise biomimetic approach toward transtaganolides C and D involving an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction sequence suggesting the involvement of pericyclic reactions in the biosynthesis of these biologically active plant metabolites is presented. A final coupling reaction establishes the carbon framework of the transtaganolides.
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| 50. |
- Larsson, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Career Dis-Integration and Re-Integration in Mergers and Acquisitions : Managing Competence and Motivational Intangibles
- 2001
-
In: European Management Journal. - 0263-2373 .- 1873-5681. ; 19:6, s. 609-618
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are increasingly prevalent, powerful and risky corporate events. The resistance or support of people in the integration of two previously separate organizations plays a key role for their success or failure. In this paper we present a Career Concept approach to better understand and manage sources and incentives for individual contributions and reactions to M&A. As ‘merged’ corporations integrate previously separate organizations, they can often dis-integrate individual careers with lay-offs, reduced advancement opportunities, upset or changed career plans, and other resistance-generating changes. This is the poorest means of mobilizing motivation, experience, commitment and competence, all of which are usually seen as critical justifications for M&A in the first place. Organizations face opportunity to select new combinations and integrate work in ways that individual careers can be re-integrated into the goals of the M&A with the goals and motivations of participants affected by it, by recognizing and effectively supporting different motivational and competence profiles.
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