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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Economic Geography as (Regional) Contexts
- 2006
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In: Economic geography : past, present and future. - 0415367840 - 9780415367844 ; , s. 173-185
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Regional Innovation Systems: Theory, Empirics and Policy
- 2011
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In: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 45:7, s. 875-891
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ASHEIM B. T., LAWTON SMITH H. and OUGHTON C. Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy, Regional Studies. Interest in regional innovation systems has grown significantly over the past three decades driven partly by advances in theoretical analysis, partly by the growing interest in innovation as a source of competitive advantage, and partly by the need for new policies to address regional inequalities and divergence. This article explores the elements and characteristics that exemplify the regional innovation systems approach. It provides an appraisal and synthesis of the regional innovation systems paradigm and aims to shed light on a number of areas where theoretical, empirical and policy-based questions remain unanswered. It outlines and assesses the major strands in recent theoretical and empirical debates and discusses how they might be developed to contribute to the further advancement of the regional innovation systems literature. Three interrelated questions form the key themes around which the article is structured. The first concerns the very nature of the system itself. The second concerns the boundaries of industrial districts, clusters and regional innovation systems, and the role of cognitive frontiers, knowledge transfer and learning. The third relates to the central role of knowledge and learning in clusters and regional innovation systems and in particular to the role and functioning of the labour market. These three cross-cutting themes separately and collectively provide new theoretical, empirical and policy insights; they also raise other questions which are intended to stimulate much future research.
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- Jung, Christian, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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- Lawton Smith, Helen, et al.
(author)
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Policies for New Path Development : The Case of Oxfordshire
- 2018
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In: New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319716602 - 9783319716619 ; , s. 295-314
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter reflects on how evolutionary economic geography (EEG) can be extended to incorporate public policy in its explanations of path development. A weakness of EEG is the poor conceptualisation of the role of the state (central, regional, local) in regional path development. It is therefore argued that a multi-scalar perspective of policy is required and that a large set of policies deserve attention. Oxfordshire in the UK is used to explore the link between public policy and path development. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018. All rights reserved.
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- Smith, Helen Lawton, et al.
(author)
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Universities, local labour markets and regional economic development
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 42:1-2, s. 8-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Copyright © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Universities as a supplier of the highly-skilled have long been understood as a contributor to economic development (Glasson, 2003). However, the direct impact of graduate education at the regional level is less clearly understood. This paper investigates patterns that emerge from 'first destination' data for all the UK universities on where graduates begin work and what they actually do in successful regions, comparing this with recent policy rhetoric, for example, in the UK's Industrial Strategy (HM Government, 2017), the Adonis Growth Review 2014 and the 2014 Witty Review of Universities and Growth. It illustrates reality using case studies of Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire which are both adjacent geographically and among the most competitive places in the UK, albeit with rather different HEIs. It addresses the issue of spatial differences, examining how different patterns of skills matching emerge even in adjacent regions. It also reflects on spatial mobility: whether and how the migratory behaviour of skills influences education-job match.
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- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Universities in Regional Development: Conceptual Models and Policy Institutions in the UK, Sweden and Austria
- 2015
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In: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-5944 .- 0965-4313. ; 23:9, s. 1722-1740
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The literature on universities' contributions to regional development is broad and diverse. A precise understanding of how regions may draw advantages from various university activities and the role of public policy institutions in promoting such activities is still missing. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework for analysing universities' contributions to regional economic and societal development in differing national contexts and the policy institutions that underpin them. To do this, we review four conceptual models: the entrepreneurial university model, the regional innovation system (RIS) model, the mode 2 university model and the engaged university model. The paper demonstrates that these four models emphasize very different activities and outputs by which universities are seen to benefit regional economy and society. It is also shown that these models differ markedly with respect to the policy implications and practice. Analysing some of the public policy imperatives and incentives in the UK, Austria and Sweden, the paper highlights that in the UK, policies encourage all four university models. In contrast, in Sweden and Austria, policy institutions tend to privilege the RIS university model, whilst at the same time, there is some evidence for increasing support of the entrepreneurial university model.
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