| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Ferreira, MA, et al.
(author)
-
Genome-wide association and transcriptome studies identify target genes and risk loci for breast cancer
- 2019
-
In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1741-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 breast cancer susceptibility loci. Here we hypothesize that some risk-associated variants might act in non-breast tissues, specifically adipose tissue and immune cells from blood and spleen. Using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reported in these tissues, we identify 26 previously unreported, likely target genes of overall breast cancer risk variants, and 17 for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, several with a known immune function. We determine the directional effect of gene expression on disease risk measured based on single and multiple eQTL. In addition, using a gene-based test of association that considers eQTL from multiple tissues, we identify seven (and four) regions with variants associated with overall (and ER-negative) breast cancer risk, which were not reported in previous GWAS. Further investigation of the function of the implicated genes in breast and immune cells may provide insights into the etiology of breast cancer.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Hansen, K., et al.
(author)
-
Qualification and Integration Aspects of the DSSC Mega-Pixel X-Ray Imager
- 2019
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 66:8, s. 1966-1975
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The focal-plane module is the key component of the DEPFET sensor with signal compression (DSSC) mega-pixel X-ray imager and handles the data of 128 ×512 pixels. We report on assembly-related aspects, discuss the experimental investigation of bonding behavior of different adhesives, and present the metrology and electrical test results of the production. The module consists of two silicon (Si) sensors with flip-chip connected CMOS integrated circuits, a Si-heat spreader, a low-temperature co-fired ceramics circuit board, and a molybdenum frame. A low-modulus urethane-film adhesive fills the gaps between on-board components and frame. It is also used between board and heat spreader, reduces the misfit strain, and minimizes the module warpage very efficiently. The heat spreader reduces the on-board temperature gradient by about one order of magnitude. The placement precision of the bare modules to each other and the frame is characterized by a standard deviation below 10 and 65 μ m, respectively. The displacement due to the in-plane rotation and vertical tilting errors remains below 80 and 50 μm, respectively. The deflection of the sensor plane shows a mean value below 30 μm with a standard deviation below 15 μm. Less than 4% of the application-specified integrated circuits (ASICs) exhibit a malfunction. More than two-thirds of the sensors have a maximum leakage current below 1 μA. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
|
|
| 7. |
- Pichora-Fuller, Kathleen M., et al.
(author)
-
Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Energy: The Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening (FUEL)
- 2016
-
In: Ear and Hearing. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0196-0202 .- 1538-4667. ; 37, s. 5S-27S
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Fifth Eriksholm Workshop on "Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Energy" was convened to develop a consensus among interdisciplinary experts about what is known on the topic, gaps in knowledge, the use of terminology, priorities for future research, and implications for practice. The general term cognitive energy was chosen to facilitate the broadest possible discussion of the topic. It goes back to Titchener (1908) who described the effects of attention on perception; he used the term psychic energy for the notion that limited mental resources can be flexibly allocated among perceptual and mental activities. The workshop focused on three main areas: (1) theories, models, concepts, definitions, and frameworks; (2) methods and measures; and (3) knowledge translation. We defined effort as the deliberate allocation of mental resources to overcome obstacles in goal pursuit when carrying out a task, with listening effort applying more specifically when tasks involve listening. We adapted Kahnemans seminal (1973) Capacity Model of Attention to listening and proposed a heuristically useful Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening (FUEL). Our FUEL incorporates the well-known relationship between cognitive demand and the supply of cognitive capacity that is the foundation of cognitive theories of attention. Our FUEL also incorporates a motivation dimension based on complementary theories of motivational intensity, adaptive gain control, and optimal performance, fatigue, and pleasure. Using a three-dimensional illustration, we highlight how listening effort depends not only on hearing difficulties and task demands but also on the listeners motivation to expend mental effort in the challenging situations of everyday life.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rettig, L., et al.
(author)
-
Disentangling transient charge order from structural dynamics contributions during coherent atomic motion studied by ultrafast resonant x-ray diffraction
- 2019
-
In: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950. ; 99:13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the ultrafast dynamics of charge order and structural response during the photoinduced suppression of charge and orbital order in a mixed-valence manganite. Employing femtosecond time-resolved resonant x-ray diffraction below and at the Mn K absorption edge, we present a method to disentangle the transient charge order and structural dynamics in thin films of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3. Based on the static resonant scattering spectra, we extract the dispersion correction of charge-ordered Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions, allowing us to separate the transient contributions of purely charge order from structural contributions to the scattering amplitude after optical excitation. Our finding of a coherent structural mode at around 2.3THz, which primarily modulates the lattice but does not strongly affect the charge order, supports the picture of the charge order being the driving force of the combined charge, orbital, and structural transition.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Watts, Nick, et al.
(author)
-
The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : responding to converging crises
- 2021
-
In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 397:10269, s. 129-170
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate.The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.
|
|
| 11. |
- Chen, F., et al.
(author)
-
Reply to "comment on 'Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO3 ' "
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950. ; 97:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this reply to S. Durbin's comment on our original paper "Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO3," we concur that his final equations 8 and 9 more accurately describe the change in diffracted intensity as a function of Ti displacement. We also provide an alternative derivation based on an ensemble average over unit cells. The conclusions of the paper are unaffected by this correction.
|
|
| 12. |
- Chen, F., et al.
(author)
-
Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO3
- 2016
-
In: Physical Review B. - 1098-0121. ; 94:18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dynamical processes associated with electric field manipulation of the polarization in a ferroelectric remain largely unknown but fundamentally determine the speed and functionality of ferroelectric materials and devices. Here we apply subpicosecond duration, single-cycle terahertz pulses as an ultrafast electric field bias to prototypical BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films with the atomic-scale response probed by femtosecond x-ray-scattering techniques. We show that electric fields applied perpendicular to the ferroelectric polarization drive large-amplitude displacements of the titanium atoms along the ferroelectric polarization axis, comparable to that of the built-in displacements associated with the intrinsic polarization and incoherent across unit cells. This effect is associated with a dynamic rotation of the ferroelectric polarization switching on and then off on picosecond time scales. These transient polarization modulations are followed by long-lived vibrational heating effects driven by resonant excitation of the ferroelectric soft mode, as reflected in changes in the c-axis tetragonality. The ultrafast structural characterization described here enables a direct comparison with first-principles-based molecular-dynamics simulations, with good agreement obtained.
|
|
| 13. |
- Davis, Edward B., et al.
(author)
-
Faith in the Wake of Disaster : A Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Religious Attachment Following a Catastrophic Flood
- 2019
-
In: Psychological Trauma. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1942-9681 .- 1942-969X. ; 11:6, s. 578-587
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This longitudinal qualitative study explores the impact of natural disasters on religious attachment (perceived relationship with God). We sought to validate and conceptually extend the religion-as-attachment model in a postdisaster context.Method: At 4 weeks (T1; n = 36) and 6 months postdisaster (T2; n = 29), survivors of the 2016 Louisiana flood completed a disaster-adapted version of the Religious Attachment Interview (Granqvist & Main, 2017).Results: At T1 and T2. survivors emphasized God being a safe haven (source of protection, comfort, or nurturance). This emphasis was especially pronounced for survivors who were directly affected (their home or business flooded) or had previous disaster exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Overall, survivors consistently emphasized God serving as a stronger and wiser attachment figure, and it was rare for them to report experiencing perceived separation or loss of intimacy from God. At T1 and T2, around 85% of survivors described their current religious attachment as either having a positive affective quality (e.g., closer, stronger) or as no different from before the disaster; around 15% said it had a negative affective quality (e.g., disappointed, strained). In describing their postdisaster religion/spirituality, survivors highlighted (a) God being a source of love, comfort, strength, and hope; (b) actively putting trust/faith in God; and (c) experiencing God through family/community.Conclusion: Results support and conceptually extend the religion-as-attachment model in a postdisaster context. Findings suggest disasters activate the attachment system, and survivors commonly view and relate with God as an attachment figure, especially one who serves as a safe haven.
|
|
| 14. |
- Giorgianni, Flavio, et al.
(author)
-
Melting of magnetic order in NaOsO3 by femtosecond laser pulses
- 2022
-
In: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 105:15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- NaOsO3 has recently attracted significant attention for the strong coupling between its electronic band structure and magnetic ordering. Here, we used time-resolved magnetic x-ray diffraction to determine the timescale of the photoinduced antiferromagnetic dynamics in NaOsO3. Our measurements are consistent with a sub-100 fs melting of the antiferromagnetic long-range order that occurs significantly faster than the lattice dynamics as monitored by the transient change in intensity of selected Bragg structural reflections, which instead show a decrease of intensity on a timescale of several ps.
|
|
| 15. |
- Groenewold, Nynke A., et al.
(author)
-
Volume of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder : mega-analytic results from 37 samples in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group
- 2023
-
In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 28:3, s. 1079-1089
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is limited convergence in neuroimaging investigations into volumes of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder (SAD). The inconsistent findings may arise from variations in methodological approaches across studies, including sample selection based on age and clinical characteristics. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group initiated a global mega-analysis to determine whether differences in subcortical volumes can be detected in adults and adolescents with SAD relative to healthy controls. Volumetric data from 37 international samples with 1115 SAD patients and 2775 controls were obtained from ENIGMA-standardized protocols for image segmentation and quality assurance. Linear mixed-effects analyses were adjusted for comparisons across seven subcortical regions in each hemisphere using family-wise error (FWE)-correction. Mixed-effects d effect sizes were calculated. In the full sample, SAD patients showed smaller bilateral putamen volume than controls (left: d = −0.077, pFWE = 0.037; right: d = −0.104, pFWE = 0.001), and a significant interaction between SAD and age was found for the left putamen (r = −0.034, pFWE = 0.045). Smaller bilateral putamen volumes (left: d = −0.141, pFWE < 0.001; right: d = −0.158, pFWE < 0.001) and larger bilateral pallidum volumes (left: d = 0.129, pFWE = 0.006; right: d = 0.099, pFWE = 0.046) were detected in adult SAD patients relative to controls, but no volumetric differences were apparent in adolescent SAD patients relative to controls. Comorbid anxiety disorders and age of SAD onset were additional determinants of SAD-related volumetric differences in subcortical regions. To conclude, subtle volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in SAD were detected. Heterogeneity in age and clinical characteristics may partly explain inconsistencies in previous findings. The association between alterations in subcortical volumes and SAD illness progression deserves further investigation, especially from adolescence into adulthood.
|
|
| 16. |
- Haldrup, K., et al.
(author)
-
Guest-Host Interactions Investigated by Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopies and Scattering at MHz Rates: Solvation Dynamics and Photoinduced Spin Transition in Aqueous Fe(bipy)(3)(2+)
- 2012
-
In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5215. ; 116:40, s. 9878-9887
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have studied the photoinduced low spin (LS) to high spin (HS) conversion of [Fe(bipy)(3)](2+) in aqueous solution. In a laser pump/X-ray probe synchrotron setup permitting simultaneous, time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) and X-ray spectroscopic measurements at a 3.26 MHz repetition rate, we observed the interplay between intramolecular dynamics and the intermolecular caging solvent response with better than 100 ps time resolution. On this time scale, the initial ultrafast spin transition and the associated intramolecular geometric structure changes are long completed, as is the solvent heating due to the initial energy dissipation from the excited HS molecule. Combining information from X-ray emission spectroscopy and scattering, the excitation fraction as well as the temperature and density changes of the solvent can be closely followed on the subnanosecond time scale of the HS lifetime, allowing the detection of an ultrafast change in bulk solvent density. An analysis approach directly utilizing the spectroscopic data in the XDS analysis effectively reduces the number of free parameters, and both combined permit extraction of information about the ultrafast structural dynamics of the caging solvent, in particular, a decrease in the number of water molecules in the first solvation shell is inferred, as predicted by recent theoretical work.
|
|
| 17. |
- Höög, Johanna L, et al.
(author)
-
Electron tomography reveals a flared morphology on growing microtubule ends
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Cell Science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 124:Pt 5, s. 693-698
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microtubules (MTs) exhibit dynamic instability, alternating between phases of growth and shortening, mostly at their uncapped plus ends. Based on results from cryo-electron microscopy it was proposed that growing MTs display mainly curved sheets and blunt ends; during depolymerisation curled 'ramshorns' predominate. Observations of MTs in mitotic cells have suggested that the situation in vivo differs from that in vitro, but so far, a clear comparison between in vivo and in vitro results has not been possible because MT end structures could not be correlated directly with the dynamic state of that particular MT. Here we combine light microscopy and electron tomography (ET) to show that growing MT plus ends in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe display predominantly a flared morphology. This indicates that MT polymerisation in vivo and in vitro can follow different paths.
|
|
| 18. |
- Lemke, L, et al.
(author)
-
Magnetic extended x-ray absorption fine structure at the L-3,L-2 edges of 3d elements
- 1998
-
In: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0953-8984. ; 10:8, s. 1917-1930
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We report normal and magnetic extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements made on 30 ML Fe films on Cu(001) substrates at the L-3,L-2 edges. The magnetic EXAFS at the L edges of 3d metals is particularly important as it can be used to pr
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Srivastava, P, et al.
(author)
-
Magnetic extended x-ray absorption fine structure at the L-3,L-2 edges of Fe and Co on Cu(001)
- 1998
-
In: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-8979. ; 83:11, s. 7025-7027
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We report magnetic extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements on 30 monolayer Fe and Co films on Cu(001) substrates at L-3,L-2 edges. For 3d transition metals, the magnetic EXAFS at the L edges is of great interest since it probes final
|
|
| 22. |
- Trigo, M., et al.
(author)
-
Fourier-transform inelastic X-ray scattering from time- and momentum-dependent phonon-phonon correlations
- 2013
-
In: Nature Physics. - 1745-2473. ; 9:12, s. 790-794
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The macroscopic characteristics of a material are determined by its elementary excitations, which dictate the response of the system to external stimuli. The spectrum of excitations is related to fluctuations in the density-density correlations and is typically measured through frequency-domain neutron(1) or X-ray(2-4) scattering. Time-domain measurements of these correlations could yield a more direct way to investigate the excitations of solids and their couplings both near to and far from equilibrium. Here we show that we can access large portions of the phonon dispersion of germanium by measuring the diffuse scattering from femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser pulses. A femtosecond optical laser pulse slightly quenches the vibrational frequencies, producing pairs of high-wavevector phonons with opposite momenta. These phonons manifest themselves as time-dependent coherences in the displacement correlations(5) probed by the X-ray scattering. As the coherences are preferentially created in regions of strong electron-phonon coupling, the time-resolved approach is a natural spectroscopic tool for probing low-energy collective excitations in solids, and their microscopic interactions.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Wende, H, et al.
(author)
-
Magnetic L-edge EXAFS of 3d elements: multiple-scattering analysis and spin dynamics
- 1999
-
In: JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0909-0495. ; 6, s. 696-698
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Magnetic EXAFS (MEXAFS) adds magnetic selectivity to the well established EXAFS technique opening the door to the exploration of local magnetic structure and disorder. Of particular interest is the behavior of 3d transition metal systems. By utilizing the
|
|
| 26. |
- Wright, G. S., et al.
(author)
-
The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, II: Design and Build
- 2015
-
In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-6280 .- 1538-3873. ; 127:953, s. 595-611
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides measurements over the wavelength range 5 to 28: 5 mu m. MIRI has, within a single "package," four key scientific functions: photometric imaging, coronagraphy, single-source low-spectral resolving power (R similar to 100) spectroscopy, and medium-resolving power (R similar to 1500 to 3500) integral field spectroscopy. An associated cooler system maintains MIRI at its operating temperature of
|
|
