| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2012
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Jackura, A., et al.
(author)
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New analysis of eta pi tensor resonances measured at the COMPASS experiment
- 2018
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 779, s. 464-472
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a new amplitude analysis of the eta pi D-wave in the reaction pi(-) p -> eta pi(-) p measured by COMPASS. Employing an analytical model based on the principles of the relativistic S-matrix, we find two resonances that can be identified with the a(2)(1320) and the excited a(2)(1700), and perform a comprehensive analysis of their pole positions. For the mass and width of the a(2) we find M = (1307 +/- 1 6) MeV and Gamma=(112 +/- 1 +/- 8) MeV, and for the excited state a(2)' we obtain M = (1720 +/- 10 +/- 60) MeV and Gamma = (280 +/- 10 +/- 70) MeV, respectively.
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| 11. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(author)
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First measurement of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons using SIDIS data
- 2017
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 772, s. 854-864
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Sivers function describes the correlation between the transverse spin of a nucleon and the transverse motion of its partons. For quarks, it was studied in previous measurements of the azimuthal asymmetry of hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of leptons off transversely polarised nucleon targets, and it was found to be non-zero. In this letter the evaluation of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons is presented. The contribution of the photon-gluon fusion subprocess is enhanced by requiring two high transverse-momentum hadrons. The analysis method is based on a Monte Carlo simulation that includes three hard processes: photon-gluon fusion, QCD Compton scattering and the leading-order virtual-photon absorption process. The Sivers asymmetries of the three processes are simultaneously extracted using the LEPTO event generator and a neural network approach. The method is applied to samples of events containing at least two hadrons with large transverse momentum from the COMPASS data taken with a 160 GeV/c muon beam scattered off transversely polarised deuterons and protons. With a significance of about two standard deviations, a negative value is obtained for the gluon Sivers asymmetry. The result of a similar analysis for a Collins-like asymmetry for gluons is consistent with zero. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 12. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(author)
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First Measurement of Transverse-Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Asymmetries in the Drell-Yan Process
- 2017
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 119:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the pion-induced Drell-Yan (DY) process is reported. We use the CERN SPS 190 GeV/c pi(-) beam and a transversely polarized ammonia target. Three azimuthal asymmetries giving access to different transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) are extracted using dimuon events with invariant mass between 4.3 GeV/c(2) and 8.5 GeV/c(2). Within the experimental uncertainties, the observed sign of the Sivers asymmetry is found to be consistent with the fundamental prediction of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that the Sivers TMD PDFs extracted from DY have a sign opposite to the one extracted from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. We present two other asymmetries originating from the pion Boer-Mulders TMD PDFs convoluted with either the nucleon transversity or pretzelosity TMD PDFs. A recent COMPASS SIDIS measurement was obtained at a hard scale comparable to that of these DY results. This opens the way for possible tests of fundamental QCD universality predictions.
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| 13. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(author)
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Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in high-energy muon scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons
- 2018
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 78:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Single hadron azimuthal asymmetries of positive and negative hadrons produced in muon semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons are determined using the 2006 COMPASS data and also combined all deuteron COMPASS data. For each hadron charge, the dependence of the azimuthal asymmetry on the hadron azimuthal angle f is obtained by means of a fiveparameter fitting function that besides a f-independent term includes four modulations predicted by theory: sin f, sin 2f, sin 3f and cos f. The amplitudes of the five terms have been extracted, first, for the hadrons in the whole available kinematic region. In further fits, performed for hadrons from a restricted kinematic region, the f-dependence is determined as a function of one of three variables (Bjorken-x, fractional energy of virtual photon taken by the outgoing hadron and hadron transverse momentum), while disregarding the others. Except thef-independent term, all themodulation amplitudes are very small, and no clear kinematic dependence could be observed within experimental uncertainties.
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| 14. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(author)
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Final COMPASS results on the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g(1)(d) and the Bjorken sum rule
- 2017
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 769, s. 34-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Final results are presented from the inclusive measurement of deep-inelastic polarised-muon scattering on longitudinally polarised deuterons using a 6LiD target. The data were taken at 160 GeV beam energy and the results are shown for the kinematic range 1 (GeV/c)2 < Q2 < 100 (GeV/c)2 in photon virtuality, 0.004 < x < 0.7 in the Bjorken scaling variable and W > 4GeV/c2 in the mass of the hadronic final state. The deuteron double-spin asymmetry A(1)(d) and the deuteron longitudinal-spin structure function g(1)(d) are presented in bins of x and Q2. Towards lowest accessible values of x, g(1)(d) decreases and becomes consistent with zero within uncertainties. The presented final g(1)(p) values together with the recently published final g(1)(p) values of COMPASS are used to again evaluate the Bjorken sum rule and perform the QCD fit to the g1 world data at next-to-leading order of the strong coupling constant. In both cases, changes in central values of the resulting numbers are well within statistical uncertainties. The flavour singlet axial charge a0, which is identified in the MS renormalisation scheme with the total contribution of quark helicities to the nucleon spin, is extracted at next-to-leading order accuracy from only the COMPASS deuteron data: a0(Q2 = 3 (GeV/c)2) = 0.32 +/- 0.02stat +/- 0.04syst +/- 0.05evol. Together with the recent results on the proton spin structure function g(1)(p), the results on g(1)(d) constitute the COMPASS legacy on the measurements of g1 through inclusive spin-dependent deep inelastic scattering.
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| 15. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(author)
-
Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons from deep-inelastic scattering of muons off an isoscalar target
- 2017
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 764, s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering were measured in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y and the relative hadron energy z. Data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam and an isoscalar target ((LiD)-Li-6). They cover the kinematic domain in the photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c) 2, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.2 < z < 0.85 and 0.1 < y < 0.7. In addition, a leading-order pQCD analysis was performed using the pion multiplicity results to extract quark fragmentation functions.
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| 16. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(author)
-
Sivers asymmetry extracted in SIDIS at the hard scales of the Drell-Yan process at COMPASS
- 2017
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 770, s. 138-145
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eight proton transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries are extracted in four regions of the photon virtuality Q(2) from the COMPASS 2010 semi-inclusive hadron measurements in deep inelastic muon nucleon scattering. These Q(2) regions correspond to the four regions of the di-muon mass root Q(2) used in the ongoing analyses of the COMPASS Drell-Yan measurements, which allows for a future direct comparison of the nucleon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions extracted from these two alternative measurements. In addition, for the azimuthal asymmetries induced by the Sivers transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function various two-dimensional kinematic dependences are presented. The integrated Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive with an accutacy that appears to be sufficient to test the sign change of the Sivers function predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics.
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| 17. |
- Adolphi, C., et al.
(author)
-
Exclusive omega meson muoproduction on transversely polarised protons
- 2017
-
In: Nuclear Physics B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213 .- 1873-1562. ; 915, s. 454-475
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exclusive production of omega mesons was studied at the COMPASS experiment by scattering 160GeV/c muons off transversely polarised protons. Five single-spin and three double-spin azimuthal asymmetries were measured in the range of photon virtuality 1(GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 10(GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable 0.003 < xBj < 0.3 and transverse momentum squared of the omega meson 0.05(GeV/c)(2) < p(T)(2) < 0.5(GeV/c)(2). The measured asymmetries are sensitive to the nucleon helicity-flip Generalised Parton Distributions (GPD) Et hat are related to the orbital angular momentum of quarks, the chiral-odd GPDs H-T that are related to the transversity Parton Distribution Functions, and the sign of the pi omega transition form factor. The results are compared to recent calculations of a GPD-based model.
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| 18. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(author)
-
Light isovector resonances in pi(-) p -> pi(-) pi(-) pi(+)p at 190 GeV/c
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 98:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have performed the most comprehensive resonance-model fit of pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) states using the results of our previously published partial-wave analysis (PWA) of a large data set of diffractive-dissociation events from the reaction pi(-) + p -> pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) +p(recoil) with a 190 GeV/c pion beam. The PWA results, which were obtained in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5 < m(3 pi) < 2.5 GeV/c(2), and simultaneously in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1 < t'< 1.0 (GeV/c)(2), are subjected to a resonance-model fit using Breit-Wigner amplitudes to simultaneously describe a subset of 14 selected waves using 11 isovector light-meson states with J(PC) = 0(-+), 1(++), 2(++), 2(-+), 4(++), and spin-exotic 1(-+) quantum numbers. The model contains the well-known resonances pi(1800), a(1)(1260), a(2)(1320), pi(2)(1670), pi(2)(1880), and a(4) (2040). In addition, it includes the disputed pi(1)(1600), the excited states a(1)(1640), a2(1700), and pi(2) (2005), as well as the resonancelike a(1)(1420). We measure the resonance parameters mass and width of these objects by combining the information from the PWA results obtained in the 11 t' bins. We extract the relative branching fractions of the rho(770)pi and f(2)(1270)pi decays of a(2)(1320) and a(4)(2040), where the former one is measured for the first time. In a novel approach, we extract the t' dependence of the intensity of the resonances and of their phases. The t' dependence of the intensities of most resonances differs distinctly from the t' dependence of the nonresonant components. For the first time, we determine the t' dependence of the phases of the production amplitudes and confirm that the production mechanism of the Pomeron exchange is common to all resonances. We have performed extensive systematic studies on the model dependence and correlations of the measured physical parameters.
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| 19. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(author)
-
Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and spin-dependent structure function g(1)(p) of the proton at small values of x and Q(2)
- 2018
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 781, s. 464-472
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a precise measurement of the proton longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and the proton spin-dependent structure function g(1)(P) at photon virtualities 0.006 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2) in the Bjorken x range of 4 x 10(-5) < x < 4 x 10(-2). The results are based on data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN using muon beam energies of 160 GeV and 200 GeV. The statistical precision is more than tenfold better than that of the previous measurement in this region. In the whole range of x, the measured values of A(1)(p) and g(1)(P) are found to be positive. It is for the first time that spin effects are found at such low values of x.
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| 20. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(author)
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Search for muoproduction of X(3872) at COMPASS and indication of a new state (X)over-tilde(3872)
- 2018
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 783, s. 334-340
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have searched for exclusive production of exotic charmonia in the reaction mu N+ -> mu(+)(J/psi pi(+)pi(-))pi N-+/-' using COMPASS data collected with incoming muons of 160 GeV/c and 200 GeV/c momentum. In the J/psi pi(vertical bar)pi mass distribution we observe a signal with a statistical significance of 4.1 sigma. Its mass and width are consistent with those of the X(3872). The shape of the pi(+)pi(-) mass distribution from the observed decay into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) shows disagreement with previous observations for X(3872). The observed signal may be interpreted as a possible evidence of a new charmonium state. It could be associated with a neutral partner of X(3872) with C=-1 predicted by a tetraquark model. The product of cross section and branching fraction of the decay of the observed state into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) is determined to be 71 +/- 28(stat)+/- 39(syst) pb.
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| 21. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(author)
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Transverse-momentum-dependent multiplicities of charged hadrons in muon-deuteron deep inelastic scattering
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A semi-inclusive measurement of charged hadron multiplicities in deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target was performed using data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. The following kinematic domain is covered by the data: photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c)(2), invariant mass of the hadronic system W > 5 (GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable in the range 0.003 < x < 0.4, fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron in the range 0.2 < z < 0.8, and square of the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the virtual photon direction in the range 0.02 (GeV/c)(2) < P-hT(2) < 3 (GeV/c)(2). The multiplicities are presented as a function of P-hT(2) in three-dimensional bins of x, Q(2), z and compared to previous semi-inclusive measurements. We explore the small-P-hT(2) region, i.e. P-hT(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2), where hadron transverse momenta are expected to arise from nonperturbative effects, and also the domain of larger P-hT(2), where contributions from higher-order perturbative QCD are expected to dominate. The multiplicities are fitted using a single-exponential function at small P-hT(2) to study the dependence of the average transverse momentum < P-hT(2)> on x, Q(2) and z. The power-law behavior of the multiplicities at large P-hT(2) is investigated using various functional forms. The fits describe the data reasonably well over the full measured range.
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| 22. |
- Akhunzyanov, R., et al.
(author)
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Transverse extension of partons in the proton probed in the sea-quark range by measuring the DVCS cross section
- 2019
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 793, s. 188-194
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the first measurement of exclusive single-photon muoproduction on the proton by COMPASS using 160 GeV/c polarised mu(+) and mu(-) beams of the CERN SPS impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. We determine the dependence of the average of the measured mu(+) and mu(-) cross sections for deeply virtual Compton scattering on the squared four-momentum transfer t from the initial to the final proton. The slope B of the t-dependence is fitted with a single exponential function, which yields B = (4.3 +/- 0.6(stat) (+0.1)(-0.3)vertical bar(sys)) (GeV/c)(-2). This result can be converted into a transverse extension of partons in the proton,root(r(perpendicular to)(2)) = (0.58 +/- 0.04(stat) (+0.01)(-0.02)vertical bar(sys) +/- 0.04(model)) fm. For this measurement, the average virtuality of the photon mediating the interaction is < Q(2)> = 1.8 (GeV/c)(2) and the average value of the Bjorken variable is < X-Bj > = 0.056.
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| 23. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(author)
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Multiplicities of charged kaons from deep-inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target
- 2017
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 767, s. 133-141
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Precise measurements of charged-kaon multiplicities in deep inelastic scattering were performed. The results are presented in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y, and the fraction z of the virtual-photon energy carried by the produced hadron. The data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration by scattering 160 GeV muons off an isoscalar (LiD)-Li-6 target. They cover the kinematic domain 1 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 60 (GeV/c)(2) in the photon virtuality, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.1 < y < 0.7, 0.20 < z < 0.85, and W > 5 GeV/c(2) in the invariant mass of the hadronic system. The results from the sum of the z-integrated K+ and K- multiplicities at high x point to a value of the non-strange quark fragmentation function larger than obtained by the earlier DSS fit.
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| 24. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(author)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
-
In: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 25. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(author)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
-
In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 26. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(author)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 27. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(author)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 28. |
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The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
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In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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| 29. |
- Aguado, D. S., et al.
(author)
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The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library
- 2019
-
In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 240:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July-2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA-we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020-2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data.
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| 30. |
- Abacan, MaryAnn, et al.
(author)
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The Global State of the Genetic Counseling Profession
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 27:2, s. 183-197
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The profession of genetic counseling (also called genetic counselling in many countries) began nearly 50 years ago in the United States, and has grown internationally in the past 30 years. While there have been many papers describing the profession of genetic counseling in individual countries or regions, data remains incomplete and has been published in diverse journals with limited access. As a result of the 2016 Transnational Alliance of Genetic Counseling (TAGC) conference in Barcelona, Spain, and the 2017 World Congress of Genetic Counselling in the UK, we endeavor to describe as fully as possible the global state of genetic counseling as a profession. We estimate that in 2018 there are nearly 7000 genetic counselors with the profession established or developing in no less than 28 countries.
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| 31. |
- Hallström, J., et al.
(author)
-
Worldwide comparison of lightning impulse voltage measuring systems at the 400-kV level
- 2007
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In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 56:2, s. 388-391
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An international comparison of lightning and switching impulse voltage measuring systems was arranged and coordinated by the Helsinki University of Technology (MIKES-TKK), Espoo, Finland, between 1999 and 2002. The number of participants was 26, including the coordinator. This paper summarizes the results obtained by those eight National Metrology Institutes that participated in the comparison. A 400-kV transfer reference measuring system for measuring lightning impulse voltages was prepared by the coordinator. In addition, a 1-kV impulse voltage calibrator system, including calibrators for both standard lightning and switching impulses, was circulated. © 2007 IEEE.
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| 32. |
- Lohmann, Rainer, et al.
(author)
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Passive-sampler-derived PCB and OCP concentrations in the waters of the world : first results from the AQUA-GAPS/MONET network
- 2023
-
In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 57:25, s. 9342-9352
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are recognized as pollutants of global concern, but so far, information on the trends of legacy POPs in the waters of the world has been missing due to logistical, analytical, and financial reasons. Passive samplers have emerged as an attractive alternative to active water sampling methods as they accumulate POPs, represent time-weighted average concentrations, and can easily be shipped and deployed. As part of the AQUA-GAPS/MONET, passive samplers were deployed at 40 globally distributed sites between 2016 and 2020, for a total of 21 freshwater and 40 marine deployments. Results from silicone passive samplers showed α-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and γ-HCH displaying the greatest concentrations in the northern latitudes/Arctic Ocean, in stark contrast to the more persistent penta (PeCB)- and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which approached equilibrium across sampling sites. Geospatial patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) aqueous concentrations closely matched original estimates of production and use, implying limited global transport. Positive correlations between log-transformed concentrations of Σ7PCB, ΣDDTs, Σendosulfan, and Σchlordane, but not ΣHCH, and the log of population density (p < 0.05) within 5 and 10 km of the sampling sites also supported limited transport from used sites. These results help to understand the extent of global distribution, and eventually time-trends, of organic pollutants in aquatic systems, such as across freshwaters and oceans. Future deployments will aim to establish time-trends at selected sites while adding to the geographical coverage.
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| 33. |
- Zeng, Z., et al.
(author)
-
Deforestation-induced warming over tropical mountain regions regulated by elevation
- 2021
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In: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 14, s. 23-29
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Agriculture is expanding in tropical mountainous areas, yet its climatic effect is poorly understood. Here, we investigate how elevation regulates the biophysical climate impacts of deforestation over tropical mountainous areas by integrating satellite-observed forest cover changes into a high-resolution land–atmosphere coupled model. We show that recent forest conversion between 2000 and 2014 increased the regional warming by 0.022±0.002°C in the Southeast Asian Massif, 0.010±0.007°C in the Barisan Mountains (Maritime Southeast Asia), 0.042±0.010°C in the Serra da Espinhaço (South America) and 0.047±0.008°C in the Albertine Rift mountains (Africa) during the local dry season. The deforestation-driven local temperature anomaly can reach up to 2°C where forest conversion is extensive. The warming from mountain deforestation depends on elevation, through the intertwined and opposing effects of increased albedo causing cooling and decreased evapotranspiration causing warming. As the elevation increases, the albedo effect increases in importance and the warming effect decreases, analogous to previously highlighted decreases of deforestation-induced warming with increasing latitude. As most new croplands are encroaching lands at low to moderate elevations, deforestation produces higher warming from suppressed evapotranspiration. Impacts of this additional warming on crop yields, land degradation and biodiversity of nearby intact ecosystems should be incorporated into future assessments.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Heydarkhan-Hagvall, Sepideh, 1969, et al.
(author)
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DNA microarray study on gene expression profiles in co-cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells in response to 4- and 24-h shear stress
- 2006
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In: Molecular and cellular biochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-8177 .- 1573-4919. ; 281:1-2, s. 1-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shear stress, a major hemodynamic force acting on the vessel wall, plays an important role in physiological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, remodelling, metabolism, morphology, and gene expression. We investigated the effect of shear stress on gene expression profiles in co-cultured vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Human aortic ECs were cultured as a confluent monolayer on top of confluent human aortic SMCs, and the EC side of the co-culture was exposed to a laminar shear stress of 12 dyn/cm(2) for 4 or 24 h. After shearing, the ECs and SMCs were separated and RNA was extracted from the cells. The RNA samples were labelled and hybridized with cDNA array slides that contained 8694 genes. Statistical analysis showed that shear stress caused the differential expression (p < or = 0.05) of a total of 1151 genes in ECs and SMCs. In the co-cultured ECs, shear stress caused the up-regulation of 403 genes and down-regulation of 470. In the co-cultured SMCs, shear stress caused the up-regulation of 152 genes and down-regulation of 126 genes. These results provide new information on the gene expression profile and its potential functional consequences in co-cultured ECs and SMCs exposed to a physiological level of laminar shear stress. Although the effects of shear stress on gene expression in monocultured and co-cultured EC are generally similar, the response of some genes to shear stress is opposite between these two types of culture (e.g., ICAM-1 is up-regulated in monoculture and down-regulated in co-culture), which strongly indicates that EC-SMC interactions affect EC responses to shear stress.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Musahl, V., et al.
(author)
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High-grade rotatory knee laxity may be predictable in ACL injuries
- 2018
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In: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 26:12, s. 3762-3769
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose Lateral compartment acceleration and translation have been used to quantify rotatory knee laxity in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, their relationship remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between lateral compartment acceleration and translation during pivot shift testing. It was hypothesized that a correlation would exist in ACL-injured and uninjured knees, irrespective of sex, but would be greatest in knees with combined ACL and lateral meniscus tear. Methods Seventy-seven patients (34 females, 25.2 +/- 9.0 years) undergoing primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction were prospectively enrolled in a 2-year study across four international centers. Patients underwent preoperative examination under anesthesia of the injured and uninjured knee using Image Analysis software and surface mounted accelerometer. Results A moderate correlation between lateral compartment acceleration and translation was observed in ACL-injured knees [rho = 0.36, p < 0.05), but not in uninjured knees (rho = 0.17, not significant (n.s.)]. A moderate correlation between acceleration and translation was demonstrated in ACL-injured knees with lateral meniscus tears (rho = 0.53, p < 0.05), but not in knees with isolated ACL-injury (rho = 0.32, n.s.), ACL and medial meniscus tears (rho = 0.14, n.s.), or ACL and combined medial and lateral meniscus tears (rho = 0.40, n.s.). A moderate correlation between acceleration and translation was seen in males (rho = 0.51, p < 0.05), but not in females (rho = 0.21, n.s.). Largest correlations were observed in males with ACL and lateral meniscus tears (rho = 0.75, p < 0.05). Conclusion Lateral compartment acceleration and translation were moderately correlated in ACL-injured knees, but largely correlated in males with combined ACL and lateral meniscus tears. ACL and lateral meniscus injury in males might, therefore, be suspected when both lateral compartment acceleration and translation are elevated. Surgeons should have a greater degree of suspicion for high-grade rotatory knee laxity in ACL-injured males with concomitant lateral meniscus tears. Future studies should investigate how these two distinct components of rotatory knee laxity-lateral compartment acceleration and translation-are correlated with patient outcomes and affected by ACL surgery.
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| 39. |
- Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al.
(author)
-
Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
- 2023
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In: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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| 40. |
- Ruth, Mike Marvin, et al.
(author)
-
A bedaquiline/clofazimine combination regimen might add activity to the treatment of clinically relevant non-tuberculous mycobacteria
- 2019
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In: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 74:4, s. 935-943
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are hard to treat. New antimicrobial drugs and smarter combination regimens are needed.Objectives: Our aim was to determine the in vitro activity of bedaquiline against NTM and assess its synergy with established antimycobacterials.Methods: We determined MICs of bedaquiline for clinically relevant NTM species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by broth microdilution for 30 isolates. Synergy testing was performed using the chequerboard method for 22 reference strains and clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Time-kill kinetics (TK) assays with resistance monitoring of bedaquiline alone and combined with clofazimine were performed for MAB CIP 104536 and M. avium ATCC 700898; bedaquiline/clarithromycin combinations were evaluated against M. avium ATCC 700898. Interactions were assessed for TK experiments based on Bliss independence.Results: Bedaquiline had modest activity against tested NTM, with MICs between <0.007and 1mg/L. Bedaquiline showed no interaction with tested drugs against MAB or MAC. Lowest mean fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values were 0.79 with clofazimine for MAB and 0.97 with clofazimine and 0.82 with clarithromycin for MAC. In TK assays, bedaquiline showed a bacteriostatic effect. Clofazimine extended the bacteriostatic activity of bedaquiline against MAB and yielded a slight bactericidal effect against M. avium. The bedaquiline/clofazimine combination slowed emergence of bedaquiline resistance for M. avium but promoted it for MAB. Relative to Bliss independence, bedaquiline/clofazimine showed synergistic interaction over time for MAB and no interaction for M. avium and bedaquiline/clarithromycin showed antagonistic interaction for M. avium.Conclusions: Following these in vitro data, a bedaquiline/clofazimine combination might add activity to MAB and MAC treatment. The bedaquiline/clarithromycin combination might have lower activity compared with bedaquiline alone for MAC treatment.
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| 41. |
- Uhlmann, Anne, et al.
(author)
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White matter volume alterations in hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania)
- 2020
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In: Brain Imaging and Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 14:6, s. 2202-2209
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trichotillomania (TTM) is a disorder characterized by repetitive hair-pulling resulting in hair loss. Key processes affected in TTM comprise affective, cognitive, and motor functions. Emerging evidence suggests that brain matter aberrations in fronto-striatal and fronto-limbic brain networks and the cerebellum may characterize the pathophysiology of TTM. The aim of the present voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study was to evaluate whole brain grey and white matter volume alteration in TTM and its correlation with hair-pulling severity. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (3 T) data were acquired from 29 TTM patients and 28 age-matched healthy controls (CTRLs). All TTM participants completed the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair-Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS) to assess illness/pulling severity. Using whole-brain VBM, between-group differences in regional brain volumes were measured. Additionally, within the TTM group, the relationship between MGH-HPS scores, illness duration and brain volumes were examined. All data were corrected for multiple comparisons using family-wise error (FWE) correction at p < 0.05. Patients with TTM showed larger white matter volumes in the parahippocampal gyrus and cerebellum compared to CTRLs. Estimated white matter volumes showed no significant association with illness duration or MGH-HPS total scores. No significant between-group differences were found for grey matter volumes. Our observations suggest regional alterations in cortico-limbic and cerebellar white matter in patients with TTM, which may underlie deficits in cognitive and affective processing. Such volumetric white matter changes may precipitate impaired cortico-cerebellar communication leading to a reduced ability to control hair pulling behavior.
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| 42. |
- Wan, Guihong, et al.
(author)
-
Development and validation of time-to-event models to predict metastatic recurrence of localized cutaneous melanoma
- 2024
-
In: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. - 0190-9622. ; 90:2, s. 288-298
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The recent expansion of immunotherapy for stage IIB/IIC melanoma highlights a growing clinical need to identify patients at high risk of metastatic recurrence and, therefore, most likely to benefit from this therapeutic modality. Objective: To develop time-to-event risk prediction models for melanoma metastatic recurrence. Methods: Patients diagnosed with stage I/II primary cutaneous melanoma between 2000 and 2020 at Mass General Brigham and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute were included. Melanoma recurrence date and type were determined by chart review. Thirty clinicopathologic factors were extracted from electronic health records. Three types of time-to-event machine-learning models were evaluated internally and externally in the distant versus locoregional/nonrecurrence prediction. Results: This study included 954 melanomas (155 distant, 163 locoregional, and 636 1:2 matched nonrecurrences). Distant recurrences were associated with worse survival compared to locoregional/nonrecurrences (HR: 6.21, P < .001) and to locoregional recurrences only (HR: 5.79, P < .001). The Gradient Boosting Survival model achieved the best performance (concordance index: 0.816; time-dependent AUC: 0.842; Brier score: 0.103) in the external validation. Limitations: Retrospective nature and cohort from one geography. Conclusions: These results suggest that time-to-event machine-learning models can reliably predict the metastatic recurrence from localized melanoma and help identify high-risk patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Zhang, Guojie, et al.
(author)
-
Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation
- 2014
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1311-1320
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.
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| 45. |
- Zhang, Shi-Li, et al.
(author)
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Abnormal anti-Stokes Raman scattering of carbon nanotubes
- 2002
-
In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 66:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abnormal anti-Stokes Raman scattering (AASR) was unambiguously observed in carbon nanotubes (CNT's). In contrast to traditional Raman scattering theory, the absolute value of the Raman frequency of the anti-Stokes peak is not the same as that of the corresponding Stokes peak. It was demonstrated that AASR scattering originates from the unique nanoscale cylindrical structure of CNT's that can be considered naturally as a graphite structure with an intrinsic defect from its rolling. The double-resonance Raman scattering theory was applied to interpret the scattering mechanism of the AASR phenomenon successfully and quantitatively.
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| 46. |
- Abercrombie, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches : Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
- 2020
-
In: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 27
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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| 47. |
- Amidon, Gregory E., et al.
(author)
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Fifty-Eight Years and Counting : High-Impact Publishing in Computational Pharmaceutical Sciences and Mechanism-Based Modeling
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3549 .- 1520-6017. ; 108:1, s. 2-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With this issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, we celebrate the nearly 6 decades of contributions to mechanistic-based modeling and computational pharmaceutical sciences. Along with its predecessor, The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association: Scientific Edition first published in 1911, JPharmSci has been a leader in the advancement of pharmaceutical sciences beginning with its inaugural edition in 1961. As one of the first scientific journals focusing on pharmaceutical sciences, JPharmSci has established a reputation for publishing high-quality research articles using computational methods and mechanism-based modeling. The journal’s publication record is remarkable. With over 15,000 articles, 3000 notes, and more than 650 reviews from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies around the world, JPharmSci has truly been the leader in advancing pharmaceutical sciences.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Chen, Yun, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic engineering: Tools and applications
- 2023
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In: Engineering Microbiology. - 2667-3703. ; 3:4
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Metabolic engineering plays a pivotal role in the development of mi-crobial cell factories for efficient production of biofuels, chemicals, andnatural products, which facilitate the transition from fossil-resource de-pendent processes to green and sustainable bio-based processes. By do-ing so, we could address global challenges such as sustainability, humanhealth, and climate change. Significant progresses in economical chem-ical bioproduction have been accomplished by improving the physio-logical properties of microbial cells through metabolic engineering [1].However, to encourage a shift towards circular bio-economies, the per-formance of microbial cell factories must become more cost-effective.Therefore, there is a strong demand for innovative techniques that,upon application, can greatly speed up the classic design-build-test-learn(DBTL) cycle in metabolic engineering.This special issue was aimed to showcase some recent advances indeveloping novel synthetic biology tools and screening techniques formetabolic engineering, strategies on engineering of microbial cell fac-tories for sustainable feedstock utilization, and the production of repre-sentative chemicals.
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