| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
-
Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
-
In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Schael, S., et al.
(author)
-
Electroweak measurements in electron positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP
- 2013
-
In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 532:4, s. 119-244
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb(-1) collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, 13 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, m(w) and Gamma(w), the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, B(W -> had), and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings g(1)(Z), K-gamma and lambda(gamma), are determined to be: m(w) = 80.376 +/- 0.033 GeV Gamma(w) = 2.195 +/- 0.083 GeV B(W -> had) = 67.41 +/- 0.27% g(1)(Z) = 0.984(-0.020)(+0.018) K-gamma - 0.982 +/- 0.042 lambda(gamma) = 0.022 +/- 0.019. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
First measurement of e(+)e(-) -> pK(S)(0)(n)over-barK(-) + c.c. above open charm threshold
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 98:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The process e(+)e(-) -> pK(S)(0)(n) over barK(-) + c.c. and its intermediate processes are studied for the first time, using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII at center-of-mass energies of 3.773, 4.008, 4.226, 4.258, 4.358, 4.416, and 4.600 GeV, with a total integrated luminosity of 7.4 fb(-1). The Born cross section of e(+)e(-) -> pK(S)(0)(n) over barK(-) + c.c. is measured at each center-of-mass energy, but no significant resonant structure in the measured cross-section line shape between 3.773 and 4.600 GeV is observed. No evident structure is detected in the pK(-), nK(S)(0), pK(S)(0), nK(+), p (n) over bar, or (KSK-)-K-0 invariant mass distributions except for Lambda(1520). The Born cross sections of e(+)e(-) -> Lambda(1520)(n) over barK(S)(0) + c.c. and e(+)e(-) -> Lambda(1520)(p) over barK(+) + c.c. are measured, and the 90% confidence level upper limits on the Born cross sections of e(+)e(-) -> Lambda(1520)(Lambda) over bar (1520) are determined at the seven center-of-mass energies. There is an evident difference in line shape and magnitude of the measured cross sections between e(+)e(-) -> Lambda(1520)(-> pK(-))(n) over barK(S)(0) and e(+)e(-) -> pK-(Lambda) over bar (1520)(-> (n) over barK(S)(0)).
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| 4. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Improved measurements of X-cJ -> Sigma(+) (Sigma)over-bar(-) and Sigma(0)(Sigma)over-bar(0) decays
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a data sample of (448.1 +/- 2.9) x 10(6) psi (3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we present measurements of branching fractions for the decays X-cJ -> Sigma(+) (Sigma) over bar (-) and Sigma(0) (Sigma) over bar (0) The decays X-c1.2 -> Sigma(+) (Sigma) over bar (-) and Sigma (Sigma) over bar (0) are observed for the first time, and the branching fractions for X-c0 -> Sigma(+) (Sigma) over bar (-) and Sigma(0) (Sigma) over bar (0) decays are measured with improved precision. The branching fraction ratios between the charged and neutral modes are consistent with the prediction of isospin symmetry.
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| 5. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of branching fractions for psi(3686) -> gamma eta ', gamma eta, and gamma pi(0)
- 2017
-
In: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a data sample of 448 x 10(6) psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the decays psi(3686) -> gamma eta and psi(3686) -> gamma pi(0) are observed with a statistical significance of 7.3 sigma and 6.7 sigma, respectively. The branching fractions are measured to be B(psi(3686) -> gamma eta) = (0.85 +/- 0.18 +/- 0.05) x 10(-6) and B(psi(3686) ->gamma pi(0)) = (0.95 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.05) x 10(-6). In addition, we measure the branching fraction of psi(3686) -> gamma eta' to be B(psi(3686) -> gamma eta') = (125.1 +/- 2.2 +/- 6.2)x10(-6), which represents an improvement of precision over previous results.
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| 6. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of e(+)e(-) -> D(D)over-bar cross sections at the psi(3770) resonance
- 2018
-
In: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 42:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of D (D) over bar final states at the psi(3770) resonance. Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) annihilation data produced by the BEPCII collider and collected and analyzed with the BESIII detector. We exclusively reconstruct three D-0 and six D+ hadronic decay modes and use the ratio of the yield of fully reconstructed D (D) over bar events ("double tags") to the yield of all reconstructed D or (D) over bar mesons ("single tags") to determine the number of D-0(D) over bar (0) and D+D- events, benefiting from the cancellation of many systematic uncertainties. Combining these yields with an independent determination of the integrated luminosity of the data sample, we find the cross sections to be sigma(e(+)e(-) -> D-0(D) over bar (0)(-) )=(3.615 +/- 0.010 +/- 0.038) nb and sigma(e(+)e(-) -> D+D-)=(2.830 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.026) nb, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
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| 7. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of the integrated Luminosities of cross-section scan data samples around the psi(3770) mass region
- 2018
-
In: Chinese Physics C. - : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 42:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate the nature of the psi(3770) resonance and to measure the cross section for e(+)e(-) -> D (D) over bar, a cross-section scan data sample, distributed among 41 center-of-mass energy points from 3.73 to 3.89 GeV, was taken with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider in the year 2010. By analyzing the large angle Bhabha scattering events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample at each center-of-mass energy point. The total integrated luminosity of the data sample is 76.16 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.61 pb(-1), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
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| 8. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Observation of the Semileptonic Decay D-0 -> a(0)(980)(-)e(+)nu(e) and Evidence for D+ -> a(0)(980)(0)e(+)nu(e)
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 121:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using an e(+)e(-) collision data sample of 2.93 fb(-1) collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we report the observation of D-0 -> a(0)(980)(-)e(+)nu(e) and evidence for D+ -> a(0)(980)(0)e(+)nu(e) with significances of 6.4 sigma and 2.9 sigma, respectively. The absolute branching fractions are determined to be B(D-0 -> a(0)(980)(-)e(+)nu(e)) x B(a(0)(980)(-) -> eta pi(-)) = [1.33(-0.29)(+0.33)(stat) +/- 0.09(syst)] x 10(-4) and B(D+ -> a(0)(980)(0)e(+)nu(e)) x B(a(0)(980)(0) -> eta pi(0)) = [1.66(-0.66)(+0.81)(stat) +/- 0.11(syst) x 10(-4). This is the first time the a(0)(980) meson has been measured in a D-0 semileptonic decay, which would open one more interesting page in the investigation of the nature of the puzzling a(0)(980) states.
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| 9. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Search for invisible decays of omega and phi with J/psi data at BESIII
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 98:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a data sample of (1310.6 +/- 7.0) x 10(6) J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we perform the first experimental search for invisible decays of a light vector meson (V = omega, phi) via J/psi -> V-eta decays. The decay of eta -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) is utilized to tag the V meson decaying into the invisible final state. No evidence for a significant invisible signal is observed, and the upper limits on the ratio of branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B(omega -> invisible)/B(omega -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0)) < 8.1 x 10(-5) and B(phi -> invisible)/B(phi -> K+K-) < 3.4 x 10(-4). By using the world average values of B(omega -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) and B(phi -> K+K-,) the upper limits on the decay branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are set as B(omega -> invisible) < 7.3 x 10(-5) and B(phi -> invisible) < 1.7 x 10(-4), respectively.
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| 10. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Measurements of absolute branching fractions for Lambda(+)(c) -> Xi K-0(+) and Xi(1530)K-0(+)
- 2018
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 783, s. 200-206
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the first measurements of absolute branching fractions for the W-exchange-only processes Lambda(+)(c) -> Xi K-0(+) and Lambda(+)(c)-> Xi(1530)K-0(+) with the double-tag technique, by analyzing an e(+)e(-) collision data sample, that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb(-1) collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV by the BESIII detector. The branching fractions are measured to be B(Lambda(+)(c)-> Xi K-0(+)) = (5.90 +/- 0.86 +/- 0.39) x 10(-3) and B(Lambda(+)(c)-> Xi(1530)K-0(+)) = (5.02 +/- 0.99 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3), where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. Our results are more precise than the previous relative measurements.
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| 11. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Observation of psi(3686) -> eta ' e(+)e(-)
- 2018
-
In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 783, s. 452-458
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a data sample of 448.1 x 10(6) psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we report the first observation of the electromagnetic Dalitz decay psi(3686) -> eta'e(+)e(-), with significances of 7.0 sigma and 6.3 sigma when reconstructing the eta' meson via its decay modes eta' -> gamma pi(+)pi(-) and eta' -> pi(+)pi(-) eta (eta -> gamma gamma), respectively. The weighted average branching fraction is determined to be B(psi(3686) -> eta'e(+)e(-)) = (1.90 +/- 0.25 +/- 0.11) x 10(-6), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
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| 12. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Precision Measurement of the e(+)e(-) -> Lambda(+)(c)(Lambda)over-bar(c)(-) Cross Section Near Threshold
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 120:13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cross section of the e(+)e(-) -> Lambda(+)(c)(Lambda) over bar (-)(c) process is measured with unprecedented precision using data collected with the BESIII detector at root s = 4574.5, 4580.0, 4590.0 and 4599.5 MeV. The nonzero cross section near the Lambda(+)(c)(Lambda) over bar (-)(c) production threshold is cleared. At center-of-mass energies root s = 4574.5 and 4599.5 MeV, the higher statistics data enable us to measure the Lambda(c) polar angle distributions. From these, the.c electric over magnetic form-factor ratios (vertical bar G(E)/G(M)vertical bar) are measured for the first time. They are found to be 1.14 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.07 and 1.23 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.03, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
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| 13. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Search for the rare decay of ψ(3686)→Λ+c¯pe+e−+c.c. at BESIII
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on a data sample of (448.1 +/- 2.9) x 10(6)Psi(3686) decays collected with the BESIII experiment, a search for the flavor changing neutral current transition Psi(3686) -> Lambda(+)(c) pe(+) e(-) + c.c. is performed for the first time. No signal candidates are observed and the upper limit on the branching fraction of Psi(3686) -> Lambda(+)(c) pe(+) e(-) is determined to be 1.7 x 10(-6) at the 90% confidence level. The result is consistent with expectations from the standard model, and no evidence for new physics is found.
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| 14. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
-
Search for the rare decays D -> h(h((')))e(+) e(-)
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We search for rare decays of D mesons to hadrons accompanied by an electron-positron pair (h(h((')))e(+)e(- )),using an e(+)e(-) collision sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb(-1) collected with the BESIII detector at root s = 3.773 GeV. No significant signals are observed, and the corresponding upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined. The sensitivities of the results are at the level of 10(-5)-10(-6), providing a large improvement over previous searches.
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| 15. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of the gluon fragmentation function and a comparison of the scaling violation in gluon and quark jets
- 2000
-
In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 13:4, s. 573-589
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fragmentation functions of quarks and gluons are measured in various three-jet topologies in Z decays from the full data set collected with the DELPHI detector at the Z resonance between 1992 and 995. The results at different values of transverse momentum-like scales are compared. A parameterization of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions at a fixed reference scale is given. The quark and gluon fragmentation functions show the predicted pattern of scaling violations. The scaling violation for quark jets as a function of a transverse momentum-like scale is in a good agreement with that observed in lower energy e+e- annihilation experiments. For gluon jets it appears to be significantly stronger. The scale dependences of the gluon and quark fragmentation functions agree with the prediction of the DGLAP evolution equations from which the colour factor ratio CA/CF is measured to be: CA/CF = 2.26 ± 0.09stat. ± 0.06sys. ± 0.12clus.,scale..
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| 16. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(author)
-
Study of dimuon production in photon-photon collisions and measurement of QED photon structure functions at LEP
- 2001
-
In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 19:1, s. 15-28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Muon pair production in the process e+e- → e+e- μ+μ- is studied using the data taken at LEP1 (√s ≃ mz) with the DELPHI detector during the years 1992-1995. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 138.5 pb-1. The QED predictions have been tested over the whole Q2 range accessible at LEP1 (from several GeV2/c4 to several hundred GeV2/c4) by comparing experimental distributions with distributions resulting from Monte Carlo simulations using various generators. Selected events are used to extract the leptonic photon structure function Fγ 2. Azimuthal correlations are used to obtain information on additional structure functions, Fγ A and Fγ B, which originate from interference terms of the scattering amplitudes. The measured ratios Fγ A/Fγ 2 and FγB/Fγ 2 are significantly different from zero and consistent with QED predictions.
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| 17. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(author)
-
Search for sleptons in e+e- collisions at √s = 183 to 189 GeV
- 2001
-
In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 19:1, s. 29-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data taken by the DELPHI experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 183 GeV and 189 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 212 pb-1 have been used to search for the supersymmetric partners of the electrons, muons, and taus in the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The decay topologies searched for were the direct decay (ℓ̃ → ℓx̃), producing acoplanar lepton pairs plus missing energy, and the cascade decay (ℓ → ℓx̃0 2 → ℓγx̃0 1), producing acoplanar lepton and photon pairs plus missing energy. The observed number of events is in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The 95% CL excluded mass limits for selectrons, smuons and staus are mẽ ≤ 87 GeV/c2, mμ̃ ≤ 80 GeV/c2 and mτ̃ 75 GeV/c2, respectively, for values of μ=-200 GeV/c2 and tanβ=1.5.
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| 18. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
-
Measurements of CP-conserving trilinear gauge boson couplings WWV (V gamma, Z) in e(+)e(-) collisions at LEP2
- 2010
-
In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 66:1-2, s. 35-56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The data taken by DELPHI at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209 GeV are used to place limits on the CP-conserving trilinear gauge boson couplings Delta g(1)(Z), lambda(gamma) and Delta k(gamma) associated to W+W- and single W production at LEP2. Using data from the jjl nu, jjjj, jjX and lX final states, where j,l and X represent a jet, a lepton and missing four-momentum, respectively, the following limits are set on the couplings when one parameter is allowed to vary and the others are set to their Standard Model values of zero: Delta g(1)(Z) =-0.025-(+0.033)(0.030,), lambda(gamma) = 0.002(-0.035)(+0.035) and Delta k(gamma) = 0.024(-0.081)(+0.077). Results are also presented when two or three parameters are allowed to vary. All observations are consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model and supersede the previous results on these gauge coupling parameters published by DELPHI.
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| 19. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(author)
-
PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Feng, Shaohong, et al.
(author)
-
Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics
- 2020
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7833
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity(1-4). Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference(5), and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families-including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species. A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.
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| 21. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(author)
-
PHENIX central arm tracking detectors
- 2003
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 489-507
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX tracking system consists of Drift Chambers (DC), Pad Chambers (PC) and the Time Expansion Chamber (TEC). PC1/DC and PC2/TEC/PC3 form the inner and outer tracking units, respectively. These units link the track segments that transverse the RICH and extend to the EMCal. The DC measures charged particle trajectories in the r-phi direction to determine P-T of the particles and the invariant mass of particle pairs. The PCs perform 3D spatial point measurements for pattern recognition and longitudinal momentum reconstruction and provide spatial resolution of a few mm in both r-phi and z. The TEC tracks particles passing through the region between the RICH and the EMCal. The design and operational parameters of the detectors are presented and running experience during the first year of data taking with PHENIX is discussed. The observed spatial and momentum resolution is given which imposes a limitation on the identification and characterization of charged particles in various momentum ranges. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 22. |
- Amano, Tatsuya, et al.
(author)
-
Transforming Practice : Checklists for Delivering Change
- 2022
-
In: Transforming Conservation : A Practical Guide to Evidence and Decision Making - A Practical Guide to Evidence and Decision Making. - 9781800648562 - 9781800648586 ; , s. 367-386
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Delivering a revolution in evidence use requires a cultural change across society. For a wide range of groups (practitioners, knowledge brokers, organisations, organisational leaders, policy makers, funders, researchers, journal publishers, the wider conservation community, educators, writers, and journalists), options are described to facilitate a change in practice, and a series of downloadable checklists is provided.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Libby, J. B., et al.
(author)
-
Whole blood transcript and protein abundance of the vascular endothelial growth factor family relate to cognitive performance
- 2023
-
In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580. ; 124, s. 11-17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of genes has been implicated in the clinical devel-opment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A previous study identified associations between gene expression of VEGF family members in the prefrontal cortex and cognitive performance and AD pathology. This study explored if those associations were also observed in the blood. Consistent with previous observations in brain tissue, higher blood gene expression of placental growth factor (PGF) was associated with a faster rate of memory decline (p= 0.04). Higher protein abundance of FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) in blood was associated with biomarker levels indicative of lower amyloid and tau pathology, op-posite the direction observed in brain. Also, higher gene expression of VEGFB in blood was associated with better baseline memory (p= 0.008). Notably, we observed that higher gene expression of VEGFB in blood was associated with lower expression of VEGFB in the brain (r =-0.19, p= 0.02). Together, these re-sults suggest that the VEGFB, FLT4, and PGF alterations in the AD brain may be detectable in the blood compartment.Published by Elsevier Inc.This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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| 25. |
- Berdahl, Andrew, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamics of beneficial epidemics
- 2019
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pathogens can spread epidemically through populations. Beneficial contagions, such as viruses that enhance host survival or technological innovations that improve quality of life, also have the potential to spread epidemically. How do the dynamics of beneficial biological and social epidemics differ from those of detrimental epidemics? We investigate this question using a breadth-first modeling approach involving three distinct theoretical models. First, in the context of population genetics, we show that a horizontally-transmissible element that increases fitness, such as viral DNA, spreads superexponentially through a population, more quickly than a beneficial mutation. Second, in the context of behavioral epidemiology, we show that infections that cause increased connectivity lead to superexponential fixation in the population. Third, in the context of dynamic social networks, we find that preferences for increased global infection accelerate spread and produce superexponential fixation, but preferences for local assortativity halt epidemics by disconnecting the infected from the susceptible. We conclude that the dynamics of beneficial biological and social epidemics are characterized by the rapid spread of beneficial elements, which is facilitated in biological systems by horizontal transmission and in social systems by active spreading behavior of infected individuals.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Carruthers, J., et al.
(author)
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A native at home and abroad : the history, politics, ethics and aesthetics of Acacia
- 2011
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In: Diversity & distributions. - : Wiley. - 1366-9516 .- 1472-4642. ; 17:5, s. 810-821
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim Anthropogenic introductions of Australian Acacia spp. that become classed as alien invasive species have consequences besides the physical, spatial and ecological: there are also cultural, ethical and political considerations that demand attention from scholars in the humanities and social sciences. As practitioners in these disciplines, our aim is to reflect upon some of the social and conceptual ideas and attitudes relating to the spread of Australian Acacia spp. around the world. We therefore provide a longer-term historical and philosophical perspective using South Africa as a key example. We explain some of the cultural aspects of Australian acacias, relating them to history, philosophy and societal ideas that were once, or indeed remain, important, either regarding their exportation from Australia or their importation into other countries. Focussing principally on South Africa and Australia but including brief references to other locations, we augment the literature by making connections between acacia introductions and environmental ethics and aesthetics, national and environmental history and symbolic and other discourses. We evaluate a number of the cultural and philosophical dimensions of invasion biology as a societal response and explicate the interesting contradiction of Australian acacia introductions as simultaneously economically valuable and environmentally transformative in South Africa.
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| 28. |
- Gallino, A, et al.
(author)
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Non-coronary atherosclerosis
- 2014
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In: European heart journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1522-9645 .- 0195-668X. ; 35:17, s. 1112-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Libby, S., et al.
(author)
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Dynamic fracture network generation : A new method for growing fractures according to their deformation history
- 2019
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In: 53rd U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. - : American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a new method for generation of simulated fractures where fractures ‘grow’ dynamically, permitting interaction during formation. These interactions mimic the natural processes of stress shadowing, termination of fractures on other fractures, linking of fractures, and the varied growth on a single fracture due to contrasting rock properties. By simulating these interactions and providing the user with fine control over them, the new fracture generation method can create simulated fracture networks that match natural fracture networks more closely than other established methods. These behaviours are implemented mechanistically, allowing fracture generation to be achieved without the significant additional computational cost required to explicitly model the stresses in a fracturing rock volume. A suite of test cases is demonstrated, illustrating how different configurations of the dynamic fracture model allows different connectivity characteristics to be modelled.
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| 31. |
- Lin, Amy Erica, et al.
(author)
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Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential With Loss of Tet2 Enhances Risk for Atrial Fibrillation Through Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation
- 2024
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In: Circulation. - 0009-7322. ; 149:18, s. 1419-1434
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a common age-associated phenomenon, associates with increased risk of both hematological malignancy and cardiovascular disease. Although CHIP is known to increase the risk of myocardial infarction and heart failure, the influence of CHIP in cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), is less explored. METHODS: CHIP prevalence was determined in the UK Biobank, and incident AF analysis was stratified by CHIP status and clone size using Cox proportional hazard models. Lethally irradiated mice were transplanted with hematopoietic-specific loss of Tet2, hematopoietic-specific loss of Tet2 and Nlrp3, or wild-type control and fed a Western diet, compounded with or without NLRP3 (NLR [NACHT, LRR {leucine rich repeat}] family pyrin domain containing protein 3) inhibitor, NP3-361, for 6 to 9 weeks. Mice underwent in vivo invasive electrophysiology studies and ex vivo optical mapping. Cardiomyocytes from Ldlr−/− mice with hematopoietic-specific loss of Tet2 or wild-type control and fed a Western diet were isolated to evaluate calcium signaling dynamics and analysis. Cocultures of pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes were incubated with Tet2deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages, wild-type control, or cytokines IL-1β (interleukin 1β) or IL-6 (interleukin 6). RESULTS: Analysis of the UK Biobank showed individuals with CHIP, in particular TET2 CHIP, have increased incident AF. Hematopoietic-specific inactivation of Tet2 increases AF propensity in atherogenic and nonatherogenic mouse models and is associated with increased Nlrp3 expression and CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) activation, with AF susceptibility prevented by inactivation of Nlrp3. Cardiomyocytes isolated from Ldlr−/− mice with hematopoietic inactivation of Tet2 and fed a Western diet have impaired calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, contributing to atrial arrhythmogenesis. Abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release was recapitulated in cocultures of cardiomyocytes with the addition of Tet2-deficient macrophages or cytokines IL-1β or IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a modest association between CHIP, particularly TET2 CHIP, and incident AF in the UK Biobank population. In a mouse model of AF resulting from hematopoietic-specific inactivation of Tet2, we propose altered calcium handling as an arrhythmogenic mechanism, dependent on Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Our data are in keeping with previous studies of CHIP in cardiovascular disease, and further studies into the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inhibition for individuals with TET2 CHIP may be warranted.
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| 32. |
- Lind, Peter A, et al.
(author)
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Predicting mutational routes to new adaptive phenotypes
- 2019
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 8, s. 1-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Predicting evolutionary change poses numerous challenges. Here we take advantage of the model bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens in which the genotype-to-phenotype map determining evolution of the adaptive ‘wrinkly spreader’ (WS) type is known. We present mathematical descriptions of three necessary regulatory pathways and use these to predict both the rate at which each mutational route is used and the expected mutational targets. To test predictions, mutation rates and targets were determined for each pathway. Unanticipated mutational hotspots caused experimental observations to depart from predictions but additional data led to refined models. A mismatch was observed between the spectra of WS-causing mutations obtained with and without selection due to low fitness of previously undetected WS-causing mutations. Our findings contribute toward the development of mechanistic models for forecasting evolution, highlight current limitations, and draw attention to challenges in predicting locus-specific mutational biases and fitness effects.
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| 33. |
- Ridker, P. M., et al.
(author)
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Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease
- 2017
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 377:12, s. 1119-1131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P=0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P=0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P=0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P=0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P=0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. Copyright © 2017 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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