| 1. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Lättviktsgrindar av höghållfast stål för säkrare djurhantering och arbetsmiljö
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lightweight gates of high-strength steel for improved worker safety and cattle handling This report presents the work with developing a lightweight gate of high-strength steel for the handling of cattle. The project was conducted as a European Innovation Partnership (EIP) project. The project group consisted of co-workers from the unit of Agriculture and Horticulture and the unit of Process and Environmental Engineering at Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE Jordbruk och trädgård och RISE Kretsloppsteknik), Parsteel AB (former Nilssons Plåtindustri AB), SSAB EMEA AB, Sophie Atkinson at Smart Animal Handling, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in Skara and the cattle farmer Lars Olsson. The main objectives of the project were to develop a lightweight gate weighing at least 50% less and being three times as strong as a traditional gate for cattle handling. The main motive was to improve the ergonomic conditions and working environment for the animal handlers. Additionally, for the safety of both animals and handlers, the gate must withstand the loads from cattle. Other objectives were to design and construct a gate that does not exceed the price of a high-quality gate and not contribute to increased negative environmental impact. A lightweight gate can be made of various materials such as plastic, fiberglass or steel. Regarding the project group's participants and their competencies, in addition to the numerous requirements placed on a lightweight gate, the choice fell on high-strength steel. High-strength steel is characterized by having high yield strengths, up to 1300 MPa, in comparison with traditional construction steel with yield strength of 355 MPa. For the specific lightweight gate, steel pipes with a yield strength of approximately 750 MPa were chosen. These pipes are mainly used in the automotive and engine industry, where high demands are placed on strength while at the same time a light construction is desired. The gate itself was designed during the project and several details were examined and developed in regard to functionality and safety for both cattle and handlers. The work environment legislation states that gates must be dimensioned and anchored so that the animals cannot break out (AFS 2008:17). The gates must also not pose a risk of injury to the cattle. In order to work safely with cattle, knowledge of cattle behavior is essential and consequently the report contains a chapter describing cattle senses and behavior. Both the lightweight gates and the handling system, built up by the gates, must be adapted to the cattle. In the project, the bud box handling system was tested. The handling system was originally developed to make use of the behavioral characteristics of cattle to encourage forward movement in the desired direction. In the project the handling system's functionality and safety, by using lightweight gates and additional equipment and components, were further designed. The handling system was tested in two groups of heifers at the SLU Götala Beef and Lamb Research Centre. The lightweight gates were also tested in a dairy herd and a beef herd, while hoof trimming, and at a small-scale abattoir. Generally, the light weight of the gates was considered an advantage as the handling of the gates is simplified also resulting in more frequent use of the gates, increasing safety for both animals and humans. During the project, several strength tests were performed by building unique test rigs. In one test rig, the weld of the pipes of the lightweight gate was tested. In another test rig, the strength of lightweight gates, compared with traditional gates on the market, were tested. The outcome of the tests confirmed the original aim of the project, a lightweight gate made of high-strength steel, about 50% lighter and at least three times as strong as traditional gates, had been developed and designed during the project period.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Floor cooling for growing finishing pigs during warm conditions – impact on pig hygiene, thermal and gaseous environment.
- 2024
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The changing climate, with higher temperatures, is challenging pigs’ abilities to lose metabolic heat.This study was conducted during two summers (2022 and 2023) on a commercial pig farm in Sweden,latitude 59.7°N, using a change over design. In one pig unit the solid floorings, in partly slatted pens(8.96 m2, solid lying area 71% and slatted dunging area 29%), were cooled whilst the solid flooringsin the adjacent pig unit had no cooling. Each pig unit had 38 pens with 9-10 pigs/pen (LYxH, mixedsexes, ~35-115 kg, undocked). Cooling was conducted by circulating chilled water (~11℃) in thewaterborne pipes casted in the concrete. Concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide(CO2) were measured with a photoacoustic gas monitor 1512 and a multipoint sampler 1409(Lumasense Technologies A/S, Denmark) above four focal pens/pig unit, in addition to samplingpoints by one air inlet and by one exhaust fan in each unit. Temperature and relative humidity werecontinuously registered with loggers (Gemini Data Loggers Ltd., UK) mounted next to the samplingpoints of NH3 and CO2, and close to the lying area in the focal pens. Pig hygiene was assessedaccording to a protocol developed based on literature. Statistical analyses were performed usingPROC GLM in SAS version 9.4. Preliminary results show that the proportion of pigs with the mildesthygiene score (<20 % of the body dirty) were higher in cooled compared to control pens (on average44.6±1.30 vs. 28.8±1.03 % of pigs in the pen (LSM±SE), p<0.001). In accordance, the correspondingproportion of pigs with the most severe hygiene score (>50 % of the body dirty) were lower in cooledpens compared to control (on average 31.8±1.37 vs. 47.9±1.37 % of pigs in the pen (LSM±SE),p<0.001). In addition, the results show lower levels of both NH3 and CO2 with floor coolingcompared to the control (2.9±0.03 vs 4.0±0.03 ppm NH3 and 1345±3.9 vs 1376±3.9 ppm CO2(LSM±SE), p<0.001 for both). The average temperature was lower in the unit with cooled floortreatment compared to control, both in the sample points above the pen (20.7±0.03 vs. 21.2±0.03 ºC(LSM±SE), p<0.001) and closer to the floor in the lying area (26.3±0.06 vs. 27.7±0.07 ºC (LSM±SE),p<0.001) while there were no significant differences in relative humidity between treatments. Theresults indicate a favourable effect of floor cooling on pig hygiene, thermal and gaseousenvironment.
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| 4. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Ny teknik inom grisproduktionen
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Investments in pig operations often involve investments in various technical equipment and systems. Automatic feeding and automatic regulation of the ventilation in pig units are commonly installed today. The future technologies, being under development, are more advanced technical solutions as the pigs' growth, behavior, well-being, and health are monitored with the aim to give the pig producer real time data of the production and eventually, what measures required to be taken. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) aims to combine hardware, e.g., cameras, microphones and sensors, with computer software to collect and analyze data. By real time automatic monitoring, the production results and pigs’ welfare and health are easier to follow-up instantly. The PLF technology function as a warning system for disturbances in the pig units before the stockperson has had time to notice the changes making it possible for quick and targeted interventions. Different types of cameras are being developed to record different behaviors in pigs, such as aggressive behaviors. Face recognition, by a mobile phone application, is being developed for individual recognition of pigs and as a replacement of ear tags. In addition, attempts are made to monitor the pigs' activity and body measurements with camera technology to obtain information about pig health and growth. Finding a reliable system for automatic weight estimation of the pigs would gain profitability. Thermal cameras, IR technology, will be of great importance in pig production in the future. Other equipment already on the market are sensors for sound analysis with the aim to early detect any respiratory disturbances among the pigs. Prior to any technology investment, it is essential that the pig producer has been ensured that the system and equipment have been carefully tested, and especially applied in commercial herds. Some of the technologies presented in this report have only been tested in small herds and in controlled research environments, and therefore need further development before commercialization. Additionally, the technologies must have been tested under different production conditions, e.g., among different pig categories, housing conditions and pen designs. Future commercial technologies preferably include continuous monitoring of the individual pig's behavior, well-being, and health, along with production results and indoor environmental parameters. It is important that the techniques are developed based on the needs of the pig and the stockperson to avoid any inconveniences. The technologies must also be profitable and user-friendly.
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| 5. |
- Lindahl, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Dairy Farmers' Perceptions of Animal-Related Injuries
- 2012
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In: Journal of Agromedicine. - 1059-924X .- 1545-0813. ; 17:4, s. 364-376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Animal-related injuries are among the most common occupational injuries in agriculture. Despite the large number of documented animal-related injuries in dairy farming, the issue has received relatively limited attention in the scientific literature. The farmers' own perspectives and views on risks and safety during livestock handling and what they think are effective ways of preventing injuries are valuable for the future design of effective interventions. This paper presents results from a qualitative study with the aim to investigate Swedish dairy farmers' own experience of animal-related occupational injuries, as well as their perceptions of and attitudes towards them, including risk and safety issues, and prevention measures. A total of 12 dairy farmers with loose housing systems participated in the study. Data collection was conducted by means of semistructured in-depth interviews. Three main themes with an impact on risks and safety when handling cattle were identified: the handler, the cattle, and the facilities. They all interact with each other, influencing the potential risks of any work task. Most of the farmers believed that a majority of the injuries can be prevented, but there are always some incidents that are impossible to foresee. In conclusion, this study indicates that Swedish dairy farmers are aware of the dangers from working with cattle. However, even though safety is acknowledged by the farmers as an important and relevant issue, in the end safety is often forgotten or not prioritized. One concern is that farmers are willing to take calculated risks to save money or time. In situations where they work alone with high stress levels and under economic distress, safety issues are easily given low priority.
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| 6. |
- Alkharaan, Hassan, et al.
(author)
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Persisting Salivary IgG Against SARS-CoV-2 at 9 Months After Mild COVID-19 : A Complementary Approach to Population Surveys
- 2021
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In: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 224:3, s. 407-414
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Declining humoral immunity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and possible reinfection have raised concern. Mucosal immunity, particularly salivary antibodies, may be short lived although long-term studies are lacking. Methods. Using a multiplex bead-based array platform, we investigated antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in 256 saliva samples from convalescent patients 1-9 months after symptomatic COVID-19 (n = 74, cohort 1), undiagnosed individuals with self-reported questionnaires (n = 147, cohort 2), and individuals sampled prepandemic (n = 35, cohort 3). Results. Salivary IgG antibody responses in cohort 1 (mainly mild COVID-19) were detectable up to 9 months postrecovery, with high correlations between spike and nucleocapsid specificity. At 9 months, IgG remained in blood and saliva in most patients. Salivary IgA was rarely detected at this time point. In cohort 2, salivary IgG and IgA responses were significantly associated with recent history of COVID-19-like symptoms. Salivary IgG tolerated temperature and detergent pretreatments. Conclusions. Unlike SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA that appeared short lived, specific saliva IgG appeared stable even after mild COVID-19, as for blood serology. This noninvasive saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody test with home self-collection may be a complementary alternative to conventional blood serology.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Antonsson, Ann-Beth, et al.
(author)
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Vad krävs för att arbetsskadorna i lantbruket ska minska? Analys av de vanligaste olyckorna och förslag till förebyggande insatser
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lantbruket är en av de mest skadedrabbade branscherna i Sverige. När det gäller dödsolyckor till följd av arbetet, toppar lantbruket statistiken och har så gjort under många år. Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från förstudien och första etappen av ett projekt med målet att minska arbetsskadorna i lantbruket. Skador som anmälts till LRF Försäkring har granskats. Skador som kunde antas ha ett samband med arbetet valdes ut och grupperades. Analysen av dessa skador visade att en mycket stor del av arbetsskadorna eller särskilt allvarliga arbetsskador, inträffade vid följande arbetsmoment eller var av följande typ ' Arbete med djur, främst nötkreatur och hästar ' Arbete i skog och med motorsåg ' Arbete med vedkap och vedklyv ' Arbete med traktorer ' Fall på samma nivå Om arbetsskadorna i lantbruket ska minska, är det viktigt att fokusera på dessa vanliga arbetsskador. Det är också viktigt att veta varför olyckorna inträffar och vad som kan göras för att minska olyckorna. Den första etappen av projektet har därför inriktats på att analysera varför dessa olyckor inträffar och att diskutera vilka åtgärder som skulle kunna minska olyckorna. Den analys som gjorts har lett fram till ett stort antal insatser och ytterligare forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt som borde genomföras, för att olyckorna verkligen ska minska. I rapporten beskrivs i detalj resultaten av denna första etapp för de vanligaste typerna av olyckor i lantbruket. Några exempel på centrala insatser är: - Att utveckla en utbildning för arbete med nötkreatur, så att de som arbetar med nötkreatur börjar tillämpa säkrare arbetsmetoder - Att utvärdera Säker skog för att vid behov kunna förbättra metoderna - Utveckling av traktorer, till exempel med förbättrade skydd över drivaxlar, säkerhetsbälte både på förar- och passagerarplatsen, men också utbildning av traktorförare och förändrade attityder Utöver dessa insatser krävs ett omfattande arbete för att föra ut denna kunskap till identifierade målgrupper. En slutsats i projektet är att om arbetsskadorna ska minska, är det viktigt att nå ut inte bara till lantbrukarna, utan också till andra aktörer, till exempel lantbruksskolor och försäljare av utrustning, stallinredningar, traktorer, motorsågar med mera, eftersom många lantbrukare i första hand vänder sig till dessa för att få råd och tips.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bark, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Stress kopplat till larm och statistik från automatiska mjölkningssystem (AMS)
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Automatic milking systems (AMS), also called milking robots, have become more common and in 2018 one third of all dairy cows in Sweden was milked in AMS. Advantages with AMS is that it improves the physical working environment, it allows for more flexible working hours and it collects individual data of milk production, milk quality and animal health. The milking robot works day and night, and it is common with one robot serving the total herd. Since downtime in the robot can result in reduced production and animal welfare, the system is more vulnerable compared to a manual milking system. Therefore, there is an alarm system connected to the milking robot that informs the farmer whenever there is a stoppage in the robot. Previous studies on work environment in AMS have shown that the farmers experienced that psychological work environment had deteriorated due to the need for constant readiness to solve any stoppage. Furthermore, they also experienced an overflow of information from the robot that made it hard to overview. The aim of this study was to investigate how Swedish farmers and service technicians experience stress related to alarms and data from the milking robot and how the stress is prevented. In this study, interviews were performed with farmers that had AMS (n=6), farmers that have had AMS but changed over to manual milking (n=3) and service technicians. Beside the interviews the farmers also filled a questionnaire where they graded the experience of stress. The results show that the farmers that had AMS experienced little stress related to alarm and data, while farmers that had given up AMS experienced more stress. The farmers experienced that stress related to alarms could partly be prevented by having a lower number of cows per AMS and by having access to more than one milking unit. Stress related to being on call could be prevented by having access to a network of persons that could relief the farmer from the alarm, especially if the farmer easily gets stressed, experience a high alarm frequency, or have great need of time off work in periods. Farmers that have had AMS experienced more stress related to data compared to farmers that had AMS. However, the interviews did not result in concrete solution in how to prevent stress. The service technicians were in general content with their work, but the on-call service was a negative part of the work. It takes long time to get into the job and it is therefore necessary to have a functioning system where more experienced colleagues can support the less experienced.
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| 11. |
- Beland Lindahl, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Place Perceptions and Controversies over Forest Management: Exploring a Swedish Example
- 2013
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In: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 15, s. 201-223
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores the role of place perceptions in controversies over forest management. A neo-Durkheimian approach to frame analysis is used to explore actors' perceptions of places, forests and policy. This is combined with an examination of actors' varying capacity to influence policy-making using an interpretive policy analysis framework. Empirically, the analysis investigates a controversy over natural resource management in Jokkmokk municipality, northern Sweden. The research draws upon qualitative data collected from a variety of state, economic and social actors. It shows how a systematic analysis of place-related frames can elucidate the policy-making process. It demonstrates how conflicting place meanings divide actors, their frames and interpretive communities. However, social organization and loyalties are also important in shaping actions. The analytical framework offers a sociologically based approach to exploring the role of place perceptions in natural resource politics. It facilitates in-depth understanding of policy-making and may thus contribute to strengthening efforts to manage conflicts and to develop equitable governance systems for natural resource management.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bergman Bruhn, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Med stallet som arbetsplats: om attraktivt arbete i hästnäringe
- 2020
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In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 26:1, s. 53-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tidigare studier har visat att det finns både utmaningar och brister gällande arbetsmiljö och arbetsförhållanden inom hästnäringen. Syftet med den här artikeln är att identifiera hur anställda i hästnäringen upplever sitt nuvarande arbete och vilka faktorer de anser vara viktiga för att ett arbete ska upplevas som attraktivt, samt att undersöka skillnader mellan det nuvarande arbetet och anställdas idealbild av ett attraktivt arbete. Studien baseras på en enkätundersökning med sammantaget 150 svar från anställda i travstall och ridskolor. I artikeln diskuteras utmaningar och möjligheter för att skapa attraktiva arbeten i hästnäringen.
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| 17. |
- Bergman Bruhn, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Motivational factors for occupational safety and health improvements : A mixed-method study within the Swedish equine sector
- 2023
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In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A well-functioning systematic occupational safety and health management is beneficial for both individuals and organizations, and employee motivation seems to be crucial for positive outcomes. Occupational safety and health issues are a major concern for the Swedish equine sector since the work environment in horse stables is known to be characterized by low mechanization, high physical workloads, and high injury risks. The purpose of this study was to gain an increased understanding of how systematic occupational safety and health management is performed and which factors that influence motivation for occupational safety and health improvements in the Swedish equine sector. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study, based on quantitative data from questionnaires and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, was conducted. Various statistical analyses were performed to obtain quantitative data and an abductive applied thematic analysis was applied for the qualitative data. The results indicate that both intrinsic motivators, i.e. attitudes, values, and influence, as well as contextual factors such as motivational management, occupational culture, and workplace resources, influence compliance in systematic occupational safety and health management and participation in occupational safety and health improvements, which in turn affect workplace outcomes regarding safety and health. The positive relationship found between an implemented and functioning systematic occupational safety and health management and employee motivation for occupational safety and health improvements indicate the importance of employee involvement and participation. Understanding the motivational factors for occupational safety and health improvements from an employee perspective is an important step to creating healthy and sustainable workplaces.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bergman Bruhn, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Safety climate assessment in the equine sector – a study of Swedish riding schools and trotting stables
- 2021
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background and purpose The equine sector has grown strongly in recent years in Sweden as well as in many European countries. The Swedish equine sector includes a wide variety of activities, e.g. businesses related to breeding, competition, tourism and training, and more non-profit activities such as association-run riding schools and leisure. Work environment issues are a major concern for the sector since it is labor-intensive, and a majority of the work tasks are still performed manually leading to high workloads and physical strain. Furthermore, working with and handling horses is hazardous, and the sector has a relatively high occupational injury rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety climate at riding schools and trotting stables through the validated Nordic questionnaire on safety climate (NOSACQ-50). Methods The questionnaire, consisting of 50 statements across 7 safety climate dimensions, was handed out to employees at 11 workplaces, six riding schools and five trotting stables. Results and discussion The results are based on data from 62 employees. The analysis of all the participants’ responses showed that one of the seven dimensions, “workers’ safety priority and risk non-acceptance”, needs to be developed in comparison to the other six. Furthermore, the preliminary results indicate that there are differences in the perceived safety climate dependent on working experience of the employee. Some significant differences were also found between riding schools and trotting stables in the dimension “workers trust in the efficacy of safety systems”. Conclusions Understanding the safety climate in the equine sector is a first step to find approaches to enhance safety and in the longer-term increase sustainability in horse-related occupations. The study is part of two joint projects with the aim to improve the work environment in the Swedish equine sector, funded by AFA Insurance and The Swedish-Norwegian Foundation for Equine Research.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bergman Bruhn, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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The double-sided nature of lifestyle-oriented work in the Swedish equine industry
- 2021
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The equine industry faces problems in terms of recruitment and retention of employees when it comes to fostering decent working conditions and sustainable employments, despite the obvious advantage of offering a lifestyle-oriented work with the privilege of personal leisure interests. The overall aim is to gain knowledge of how employees in the equine industry – here including riding schools and trotting stables – experience their work and work environment. The study is part of two larger research projects, financed by the Swedish-Norwegian Foundation for Equine Research and AFA Insurance, where the purpose is to, in close collaboration with the equine industry, identify and implement methods and tools for a systematic work environment management. The study includes data from a questionnaire, individual interviews and observations. The results showed that the employees considered their work as one of the most important things in life, that they primarily worked for self-realization and good quality of life and that they perceived their current work both attractive and meaningful. Love of horses, passion for the sport, practical work in an outdoor setting, significant, stimulating and varied tasks as well as workplace relations, are the most important factors for the attractiveness and meaningfulness of the work. Nevertheless, imbalance between work and leisure time as well as high physical workload and lack of adequate equipment challenges the experience of an attractive, meaningful and sustainable work. The experiences differed somewhat between the two groups examined, i.e. employees in riding schools and trotting stables.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Bergström, Petra, et al.
(author)
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Amyloid precursor protein expression and processing are differentially regulated during cortical neuron differentiation
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage product amyloid beta (A beta) have been thoroughly studied in Alzheimer's disease. However, APP also appears to be important for neuronal development. Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) towards cortical neurons enables in vitro mechanistic studies on human neuronal development. Here, we investigated expression and proteolytic processing of APP during differentiation of human iPSCs towards cortical neurons over a 100-day period. APP expression remained stable during neuronal differentiation, whereas APP processing changed. alpha-Cleaved soluble APP (sAPP alpha) was secreted early during differentiation, from neuronal progenitors, while beta-cleaved soluble APP (sAPP beta) was first secreted after deep-layer neurons had formed. Short A beta peptides, including A beta 1-15/16, peaked during the progenitor stage, while processing shifted towards longer peptides, such as A beta 1-40/42, when post-mitotic neurons appeared. This indicates that APP processing is regulated throughout differentiation of cortical neurons and that amyloidogenic APP processing, as reflected by A beta 1-40/42, is associated with mature neuronal phenotypes.
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| 26. |
- Bernerstedt, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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3500 kyrkor : Problem eller möjlighet. 8 Restuareringsexempel
- 2014
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- I kyrkorna finner man de högsta kvaliteterna av arkitektur och konst som har stått i mänsklig makt att uppbringa. Kulturarvets värde är högt. Arkitektur är en konstart som förstärker funktionen/verksamheten – på samma sätt som t.ex. musik, poesi, skulptur eller måleri. Konstarterna går utöver funktionerna/verksamheterna, därför finns det alltid nya möjligheter att bearbeta. Restaureringskonstens uppgift är att tillvara arkitekturkvaliteterna, utveckla dem och förhöja dem. Det finns ungefär 3 500 kyrkor inom Svenska kyrkan, en tredjedel medeltida och entredjedel från 1950–60-talen. Sammantaget är det en komplex samling byggnader. Majoriteten av 6,4 miljoner medlemmar i Svenska kyrkan är intresserade av att kyrkobyggnaderna tas om hand. Färre säger sig vara intresserade av att aktivt delta i kyrkans kärnverksamhet. Men kyrkobyggnaden och verksamheten hänger samman; de enda byggnader som haft enoch samma användning i 1000 år är kyrkor. Att vårda och utveckla kyrkobyggnadsmiljöernaingår inte i kyrkans kärnverksamheter. Varför inte? Sedan relationsförändringen år 2000 då kyrkan skildes från staten har inga långsiktiga visioner eller strategier om förvaltningen av Sveriges mest tillgängliga kulturskatt framkommit. Inget drastiskt hände år 2000; antalet gudstjänstbesökare började minska långt tidigare. Varför ska vi vara så oroliga nu när vi inte var det förut? Våra kyrkor är i bättre skick än i något annat land i Europa, vi har aldrig haft det så bra som nu, ändå är det först nu som vi inte anser oss ha råd att sköta denna del av kulturarvet. Andra länder har en mängd olika sätt att finansiera och arbeta med kyrkobyggnader. Sverige har bara ett sätt, statsbidrag. En mängd oprövade möjligheter finns – ett gyllene ägg att förvalta! 20 studenter i Restaureringskonst har arbetat med kunskapsuppbyggnad i teori och praktik under året. Våra studier har innefattat tre innerstadskyrkor och fem andra kyrkor i Stockholms stift, praktiskt nåbara för våra studier. Vi är väl medvetna om de helt olikartade förutsättningar som finns i vårt avlånga land med Europas snabbaste urbaniseringstakt, även om vi haft ett begränsat antal fallstudier när vi tränat arbetsprocess och metodik. Året har förutom projektarbete omfattat föreläsningar, seminarier, workshops och studieresor inom restaureringshistoria, dokumentation med 3D-laserscanning, kulturhistoriskvärdering och analys, material och metoder för restaurering, gestaltning och bevarande,presentation och kommunikation. Av årets studenter är tio arkitekter, en ingenjör, sex antikvarier, två konservatorer och en förvaltare. Tack vare kursens blandade professioner är inledningdiskussionerna och det interna kunskapsutbytet en viktig del av utbildningen, liksom det nätverk som erbjuds genom inbjudna föreläsare och specialister inom praktisk restaurering och i forskningsfronten. Genom studiebesök och studieresor får studenterna kontakter ochintryck av hur restaurering tillämpas och diskuteras i olika sammanhang. I år har vi gjort studieresor till Tyskland och England samt inom Sverige. Kyrkan har i alla tider stått för högsta kvalitet i arkitektur och konst – årets kurs vill visa värdet av denna resurs och hur vi kan arbeta med uppgiften att upprätthålla och gärna öka kulturarvets kvaliteter genomrestaureringskonst.Vi tackar alla som bidragit till genomförandet av vår kurs i år; särskilt Stockholms stift och de församlingar som har gett oss tillgång till sina kyrkor.
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| 27. |
- Bilén, Anna-Karin, et al.
(author)
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Miljökvalitetsmålen 2016 : Årlig uppföljning av miljökvalitetsmålen
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I Blekinge bedöms inte något miljökvalitetsmål vara möjligt att nå till år 2020. För att kunna lämna över ett hållbart samhälle till nästa generation krävs förebyggande arbete, ef?????????????????r. Ambitionerna måste öka och miljöfrågorna prioriteras högre på den politiska agendan.De mål som rör biologisk mångfald och bevarande av kulturmiljö följer enneutral eller negativ trend. I odlingslandskapet leder färre lantbrukare ochbrist på betesdjur till igenväxning av hagmarker. Livsmiljöer försvinner och????????????????????????????????????????,främst möte insekter.För att god ekologisk status ska uppnås i vattendragen behövs ny vattenlagstiftning och mer resurser för tillsyn. I Blekinges kustvatten är övergödning ett stort miljöproblem och det krävs kraftfulla åtgärder för att minska näringsläckaget. Arbetet med vattenförsörjningsplaner behöver fortsätta för att trygga framtida dricksvattenförsörjning. De senaste årens fynd av PFAS i dricksvatten visar på vikten av att skydda vattentäkter, genomföra riskbedömningar och undersöka förekomst av föroreningar.Obalans mellan den tätbefolkade kusten och den glesbyggda landsbygden är en utmaning i länet. Byggandet vid kusten ställer krav på en hänsynsfull bebyggelseutveckling som tydligt beaktar miljökvalitetsmålen.Internationella överenskommelser om kemikalier och minskade utsläpp till luft och vatten är nödvändigt för att uppnå uppsatta mål. Dessutom behövs en omställning till ett samhälle som baseras på förnybar energi. För att skapa en hållbar framtid måste vi förändra vår livsstil och vår attityd till konsumtion. Lokala och regionala åtgärder såsom arbete för en giftfri förskola och minskade utsläpp av mikroplaster är steg i rätt riktning.Minskad biologisk mångfald påverkar tillsammans med klimatförändringar, övergödning och miljögifter många av de ekosystemtjänster som vi är beroende av för mänsklig välfärd och en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Det pågår insatser som förbättrar tillståndet i miljön, men det går för långsamt. Det krävs mer resurser och modiga politiska beslut för att möjliggöra en hållbar framtid, den framtid som vi är skyldiga våra barn!
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| 28. |
- Bondjers, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Microarray analysis of blood microvessels from PDGF-B and PDGF-Rbeta mutant mice identifies novel markers for brain pericytes.
- 2006
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In: The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860. ; 20:10, s. 1703-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Normal blood microvessels are lined by pericytes, which contribute to microvessel development and stability through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Pericyte deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of microvascular abnormalities associated with diabetes and tumors. However, the unambiguous identification of pericytes is still a problem because of cellular heterogeneity and few available molecular markers. Here we describe an approach to identify pericyte markers based on transcription profiling of pericyte-deficient brain microvessels isolated from platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-B)-/- and PDGF beta receptor (PDGFRbeta)-/- mouse mutants. The approach was validated by the identification of known pericyte markers among the most down-regulated genes in PDGF-B-/- and PDGFRbeta-/- microvessels. Of candidates for novel pericyte markers, we selected ATP-sensitive potassium-channel Kir6.1 (also known as Kcnj8) and sulfonylurea receptor 2, (SUR2, also known as Abcc9), both part of the same channel complex, as well as delta homologue 1 (DLK1) for in situ hybridization, which demonstrated their specific expression in brain pericytes of mouse embryos. We also show that Kir6.1 is highly expressed in pericytes in brain but undetectable in pericytes in skin and heart. The three new brain pericyte markers are signaling molecules implicated in ion transport and intercellular signaling, potentially opening new windows on pericyte function in brain microvessels.
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| 29. |
- Bondjers, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Transcription profiling of platelet-derived growth factor-B-deficient mouse embryos identifies RGS5 as a novel marker for pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.
- 2003
-
In: The American journal of pathology. - 0002-9440. ; 162:3, s. 721-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All blood capillaries consist of endothelial tubes surrounded by mural cells referred to as pericytes. The origin, recruitment, and function of the pericytes is poorly understood, but the importance of these cells is underscored by the severe cardiovascular defects in mice genetically devoid of factors regulating pericyte recruitment to embryonic vessels, and by the association between pericyte loss and microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus. A general problem in the study of pericytes is the shortage of markers for these cells. To identify new markers for pericytes, we have taken advantage of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B knockout mouse model, in which developing blood vessels in the central nervous system are almost completely devoid of pericytes. Using cDNA microarrays, we analyzed the gene expression in PDGF-B null embryos in comparison with corresponding wild-type embryos and searched for down-regulated genes. The most down-regulated gene present on our microarray was RGS5, a member of the RGS family of GTPase-activating proteins for G proteins. In situ hybridization identified RGS5 expression in brain pericytes, and in pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in certain other, but not all, locations. Absence of RGS5 expression in PDGF-B and PDGFR beta-null embryos correlated with pericyte loss in these mice. Residual RGS5 expression in rare pericytes suggested that RGS5 is a pericyte marker expressed independently of PDGF-B/R beta signaling. With RGS5 as a proof-of-principle, our data demonstrate the usefulness of microarray analysis of mouse models for abnormal pericyte development in the identification of new pericyte-specific markers.
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| 30. |
- Boreström, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Footprint-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Articular Cartilage With Redifferentiation Capacity: A First Step Toward a Clinical-Grade Cell Source.
- 2014
-
In: Stem cells translational medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2157-6564 .- 2157-6580. ; 3:4, s. 433-447
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are potential cell sources for regenerative medicine; however, clinical applications of iPSCs are restricted because of undesired genomic modifications associated with most reprogramming protocols. We show, for the first time, that chondrocytes from autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) donors can be efficiently reprogrammed into iPSCs using a nonintegrating method based on mRNA delivery, resulting in footprint-free iPSCs (no genome-sequence modifications), devoid of viral factors or remaining reprogramming molecules. The search for universal allogeneic cell sources for the ACI regenerative treatment has been difficult because making chondrocytes with high matrix-forming capacity from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells has proven challenging and human mesenchymal stem cells have a predisposition to form hypertrophic cartilage and bone. We show that chondrocyte-derived iPSCs can be redifferentiated in vitro into cartilage matrix-producing cells better than fibroblast-derived iPSCs and on par with the donor chondrocytes, suggesting the existence of a differentiation bias toward the somatic cell origin and making chondrocyte-derived iPSCs a promising candidate universal cell source for ACI. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism array and karyotyping were used to verify the genomic integrity and stability of the established iPSC lines. Our results suggest that RNA-based technology eliminates the risk of genomic integrations or aberrations, an important step toward a clinical-grade cell source for regenerative medicine such as treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Long-term incidence of serious fall-related injuries after bariatric surgery in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2019
-
In: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 43:4, s. 933-937
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Obesity increases risk of falling, but the effect of bariatric surgery on fall-related injuries is unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to study the association between bariatric surgery and long-term incidence of fall-related injuries in the prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study. At inclusion, body mass index was≥34kg/m2 in men and ≥38kg/m2 in women. The surgery per-protocol group (n=2007) underwent gastric bypass (n=266), banding (n=376), or vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1365), and controls (n=2040) received usual care. At the time of analysis (31 December 2013), median follow-up was 19 years (maximal 26 years). Fall-related injuries requiring hospital treatment were captured using data from the Swedish National Patient Register. During follow-up, there were 617 first-time fall-related injuries in the surgery group and 513 in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI, 1.07-1.36; P=0.002). The incidence differed between treatment groups (P<0.001, log-rank test) and was higher after gastric bypass than after usual care, banding and vertical banded gastroplasty (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50-0.52, P<0.001 for all three comparisons). In conclusion, gastric bypass surgery was associated with increased risk of serious fall-related injury requiring hospital treatment.
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| 33. |
- Chaireti, Roza, et al.
(author)
-
Is thrombin generation at the time of an acute thromboembolic episode a predictor of recurrence? The LInkoping Study on Thrombosis (LIST) - A 7-year follow-up
- 2013
-
In: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 131:2, s. 135-139
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Venous thromboembolism(VTE) is considered a chronic disease, since a high percentage of patients experience recurrences. Oral anticoagulants are effective in preventing recurrences at a price of potential bleeding complications, which underlines the importance of finding reliable markers for estimating the individual recurrence risk. In this report we evaluate thrombin generation markers at the time of an acute VTE as predictive markers for recurrence risk. Gender, presence of factor V Leiden and acquired provocative factors were taken into consideration. Additionally, we study the correlation between thrombin generation at the time of an acute VTE and thrombin generation measured four to eight weeks after discontinuation of anticoagulants. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMaterials and Methods: Themain cohort consisted of 115 patients with a confirmed thromboembolic event at inclusion. The follow-up period was seven years. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Patients with an initial unprovoked VTE and at least one recurrence had significantly prolonged thrombin generation, whereas those without recurrences had higher maximum and total thrombin concentration. In contrast, when thrombin generation was measured one to two months after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment, it was shown that the patients who experienced recurrences had higher maximum thrombin concentration. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: Our study shows that thrombin generation profiles at the time of a VTE correlate to the clinical course after the acute episode. The great over-lap in thrombin generation between patients with and without recurrences though, makes the use of thrombin generation profiles for advice on length of oral anticoagulation for an individual patient doubtful at the present stage of knowledge.
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| 34. |
- Chaireti, Roza, et al.
(author)
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Thrombin generation and D-dimer concentrations in a patient cohort investigated for venous thromboembolism. Relations to venous thrombosis, factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A. The LIST study.
- 2009
-
In: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 124:2, s. 178-84
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated possible relations between various markers of thrombin generation, D-dimer and venous thromboembolism in outpatients with and without the FV Leiden and the protrombin mutations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our cohort consisted of 98 patients with the FV Leiden and 15 with the prothrombin mutation and an equal number of age- and gender-matched controls. All subjects were investigated due to suspicion of venous thromboembolism and the diagnosis was objectively confirmed or refuted. RESULTS: We compared the D-dimer values and the thrombin generation markers among different patient groups (with/without thromboembolism, with/without genetic factors, gender-linked). The only statistically significant difference noted was prolonged time both for the initiation and termination of thrombin generation in patients with thrombosis. This applied to controls and to patients heterozygous for the FV Leiden. Additionally, the D-dimer values were elevated in patients with the FV Leiden. No difference was found among the patients with prothrombin mutation and their controls. DISCUSSION: Multi-variant analysis indicated that the difference in D-dimer between FV Leiden patients and controls was due to the greater number of patients with confirmed thrombosis in the former group, a finding supported by an independent prospective study on postoperative thrombosis. Neither D-dimer concentration nor thrombin generation depend on FV Leiden. The total amount of thrombin generated was not related to diagnosis. The prolonged thrombin generation noted in controls and FV Leiden heterozygotes with thrombosis may point out different thrombin generation profiles in different patient populations and requires further studies.
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| 35. |
- Chari, Arpita, et al.
(author)
-
Sustainability in Produktion2030 : Sustainability and circular economy actions within the project portfolio of the Produktion2030 strategic innovation programme
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Global manufacturing industry is undergoing tremendous transformation towards increased sustainability. This vital, industrial sector is rapidly enhancing its capability for resource efficient, circular, and climate neutral processes and business models. Industry is also rapidly recognizing sustainability and resilience measures as competitive advantages and unique selling points. Companies are being both nudged and forced into sustainable, resource-efficient businesses to comply with new demands and regulations from for example the European Commission’s Green Deal and global policy like the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Customer needs as well as government policies and regulations are enforced through e.g. economic bonus and penalty systems, accelerating transformation. This change process is complex, requiring new knowledge and innovation. Therefore, Industrial sustainability is at the core of Produktion2030, the national Swedish Strategic Innovation Programme for manufacturing industry.The vision of Produktion2030 is to enable a competitive and sustainable Swedish manufacturing industry. Produktion2030 is putting strong efforts into acceleration of the green transformation, creating crossdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder collaboration, increasing national innovation capacity and agility, and driving competence development as well as workforce upskilling. In 2020, the Produktion2030 Programme Office and Supervisory Group commissioned a study to map sustainability achievements within the programme's total product portfolio.A national group of sustainability experts from Chalmers University of Technology, Linköping University, Royal Institute of Technology, and the institute RISE were invited to analyse all past and present Produktion2030 projects, from sustainability and circular economy perspectives.This report presents the results from the study, highlighting a selection of contributions to industrial sustainability achieved by Produktion2030 during the programme’s first six years. Data for the study was gathered during the spring of 2020. Representatives from all ongoing and finalised projects within the Produktion2030 programme were invited to an online survey. The objective was to investigate specific project impacts in terms of sustainability and implementation of a circular economy.Results showed that all Produktion2030 projects had applied at least one dimension of sustainability, economic. Further, 71% of the projects also covered the environmental dimension. Several projects applied sustainability trade-offs, where an improvement within one sustainability dimension affected other dimensions negatively. The UN Sustainable Development Goals #8, #9 and #12, were considered most relevant by the projects. Implementation or inclusion of circular economy was also common (45%) among the projects. Projects adapted circular economy concepts differently, according to their self-defined project scope and system boundaries. Finally, 65 % of the projects implemented Industry 4.0 concepts and digital solutions, to increase and accelerate the sustainability impact. In conclusion, the study of sustainability efforts within the complete portfolio of Produktion2030 projects by 2020 showed that the programme is strongly contributing to the transformation of manufacturing industry in Sweden towards sustainability.Produktion2030 has a deep, strategic commitment to address the challenges of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This study shows that Produktion2030 also has an excellent transformational capability to deliver research, innovation, and education results that influences sustainability factors. The results strongly support the manufacturing community in Sweden, allowing industry, academia, and institutes to act towards a more sustainable, resilient, and circular society.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Granéli, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Novel markers of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells identified using a quantitative proteomics approach.
- 2014
-
In: Stem cell research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-7753 .- 1873-5061. ; 12:1, s. 153-165
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, the tool that is most commonly used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro is the demonstration of the expression of multiple relevant markers, such as ALP, RUNX2 and OCN. However, as yet, there is no single surface marker or panel of markers which clearly defines human BMSCs (hBMSCs) differentiating towards the osteogenic lineage. The aim of this study was therefore to examine this issue. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics was utilized to investigate differently expressed surface markers in osteogenically differentiated and undifferentiated hBMSCs. Labeled membrane proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) and 52 proteins with an expression ratio above 2, between osteogenically differentiated and undifferentiated cells, were identified. Subsequent validation, by flow cytometry and ELISA, of the SILAC expression ratios for a number of these proteins and investigations of the lineage specificity of three candidate markers were performed. The surface markers, CD10 and CD92, demonstrated significantly increased expression in hBMSCs differentiated towards the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. In addition, there was a slight increase in CD10 expression during chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the expression of the intracellular protein, crystalline-αB (CRYaB), was only significantly increased in osteogenically differentiated hBMSCs and not affected during differentiation towards the chondrogenic or adipogenic lineages. It has been concluded from the present results that CD10 and CD92 are potential markers of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and that CRYaB is a potential novel osteogenic marker specifically expressed during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro.
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| 42. |
- Granéli, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
The effect of PPAR-γ inhibition on gene expression and the progression of induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
- 2014
-
In: Connective tissue research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1607-8438 .- 0300-8207. ; 55:4, s. 262-274
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several cell types, such as osteoblasts and adipocytes, both invitro and invivo. Although these two differentiation pathways are distinct from each other, cross-communication between cells of the two lineages exists both systemically and peripherally in the tissue. The transcription factor PPAR-γ, the main switch in adipogenic differentiation of MSCs, has previously been described to have a negative effect on osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPAR-γ inhibition on osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs, invitro. ECM analysis and quantification of osteogenic markers, revealed how these cells respond when the adipogenic differentiation pathway is blocked during induction of osteogenic differentiation. The inhibition leads to a significant increase in mineralization of the extracellular matrix, as well as an increased activity or up-regulated gene expression of ALP, the key enzyme involved in matrix mineralization. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated by microarray analysis, that PPAR-γ inhibition during osteogenic induction leads to a significant up-regulation of a number of genes related to both osteogenesis and adipogenesis such as c10orf10, leptin, GDF5, and KLF15. In conclusion, inhibition of PPAR-γ during induction of osteogenesis leads to increased osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs.
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| 43. |
- Granéli, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Virtual Ligand-Based Screening Reveals Purmorphamine Analogs with the Capacity to Induce the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
- 2012
-
In: Cells, tissues, organs. - : S. Karger AG. - 1422-6421 .- 1422-6405. ; 197:2, s. 89-102
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have extensive proliferative capacity, are able to self-renew and have the potential to differentiate into cells of the connective tissue lineages. These properties make them a putative cell type for tissue engineering applications, as well as a possible in vivo target for the pharmaceutical modulation of the differentiation processes. The aim of this study was to find one or more small-molecule substances that would enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. The strategy used here was ligand-based virtual screening for substances similar to the previously suggested osteoinductive purmorphamine followed by an in vitro screening of the selected analogs in hMSCs isolated from bone marrow. We investigated the osteoinductive capacity of several purmorphamine analogs by determining the protein and gene expression of markers for osteogenic differentiation as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization of these cells. Treatment with two candidate substances or purmorphamine resulted in increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to the control. Other purmorphamine analogs demonstrated higher calcium deposition in the ECM after 5 weeks of osteogenic differentiation, compared to both purmorphamine and the control condition. The resulting substances, which had positive effects on the osteogenic differentiation, are promising as possible modes of treatment for bone-related diseases or defects that target and enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, the concept of combining the virtual ligand-based screening method with in vitro screening, using human adult stem cells as a possible strategy for drug discovery, is demonstrated.
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| 44. |
- Gustafsson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
-
Tekniker för att mäta köttkvalitet och slaktkroppsegenskaper på nötkreatur och lamm före slakt
- 2019
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Köttkvalitet är ett brett begrepp som kan innefatta t.ex. avkastning på slaktkroppen, näringsinnehåll, etiska aspekter och ätkvalitet (sensorisk kvalitet). Denna rapport fokuserar främst på egenskaper som är av betydelse för köttets ätkvalitet. Studier har visat att de egenskaper som anses vara mest betydelsefullt för köttets ätkvalitet är köttets mörhet och smaklighet. En egenskap som har stor betydelse för köttets ätkvalitet är marmoreringen, d.v.s. intramuskulärt (insprängt) fett, och marmoreringen anses ha positiv effekt på både smak, saftighet och till vis del mörhet. I Sverige bedöms slaktkroppar av nötkreatur och lamm framför allt baserat på EUROP-systemet, som bedömer slaktkroppens form och fettansättning (ytfett). Det har under senare år även tagits fram en svensk standard för bedömning av marmorering på nötkött, som är frivillig för slakterierna att använda. Marmoreringen kan endast påverkas under djurets levnadstid, medan köttets mörhet till viss del även kan förbättras genom rätt hantering av slaktkroppen efter slakt. Köttets marmoreringsgrad påverkas bland annat av ras, kön, ålder och utfodring av djuret. Djur med lägre tillväxthastighet har generellt lättare att ansätta intramuskulärt fett. Likaså har en energirik foderstat positiv inverkan på marmoreringsgraden på köttet. Marmorering är en egenskap med medelhög till hög arvbarhet hos nötkreatur, vilket innebär att genetiska framsteg kan uppnås genom att selektera för marmorering inom en ras. Att objektivt kunna mäta parametrar av betydelse för ätkvaliteten på köttet redan före slakt skulle därför vara värdefullt då det möjliggör selektion av djur baserat på dessa parametrar både i avels- och bruksbesättningar och ger köttproducenter som är intresserade av att höja köttkvaliteten nya möjligheter till produktionsplanering och -uppföljning.Denna litteraturstudie har gått igenom tekniker som i vetenskapliga studier använts för att mäta köttkvalitet på levande nötkreatur och lamm. De tekniker som inkluderas i denna rapport är ultraljud, bioelektrisk impedans (BIA), datortomografi, bentäthetsmätning, 3D-avbildning och kärnmagnetisk resonans (NMR). Hos nötkreatur kan marmorering mätas med likvärdig säkerhet med ultraljud och BIA, och det finns potential att även utveckla NMR för mätning av marmorering i ytligare muskler. Både subkutant fett (underhudsfett) och muskler kan mätas med ultraljud, BIA, datortomografi och 3D-avbildning. Färre studier har gjorts på lamm och endast datortomografi har använts för att mäta marmorering specifikt. Muskler och subkutant fett hos lamm har kunnat mätas med tillfredställande resultat med hjälp av ultraljud, BIA, datortomografi och bentäthetsmätning. Endast ultraljud och 3D-avbildning bedöms som metoder som har potential att vara praktiskt tillämpbara i Sverige i nuläget.
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| 45. |
- Gustafsson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
-
Ultraljud - mätning av köttkvalitet på levande nötkreatur
- 2019
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Köttets ätkvalitet, eller sensoriska kvalitet, innefattar parametrar som mörhet och textur, smak och saftighet. Mörhet och smak anses vara de mest betydelsefulla parametrarna och är bland annat kopplade till köttets marmoreringsgrad, dvs. hur mycket fett som finns insprängt mellan muskelfibrerna. Köttets marmoreringsgrad kan endast påverkas så länge djuret lever och den beror på faktorer som kön, ålder, ras, genetiska förutsättningar och utfodring. I Sverige finns det en marmoreringsstandard, som är frivillig för slakterierna att använda. Det är dock få slakterier som implementerar den i sin betalningsmodell, vilket innebär att det finns svaga ekonomiska incitament för köttproducenter att satsa på en ökad ätkvalitet. Att kunna mäta och förutsäga marmoreringsgraden på levande djur skulle kunna öka intresset för ätkvalitet på nötkött i Sverige och underlätta för planering, slaktmognadsbedömning och avel. Ultraljud är en redan etablerad metod för att uppskatta slaktkroppsegenskaper och används i bland annat USA och Kanada.Denna studie syftade till att utvärdera ultraljud som metod för att mäta köttkvalitet på levande djur i Sverige. Data från 94 nötkreatur ingick i studien och djuren skannades med ultraljud några dagar före slakt och resultatet jämfördes med motsvarande parametrar på slaktkroppen. Resultaten visade på en korrelation mellan marmoreringen uppskattad med ultraljud före slakt och marmoreringsgraden bedömd efter slakt, men att den var relativt svag. Korrelationen för marmorering låg dock inom spannet för vad tidigare studier funnit. Tillförlitligheten kan dock ifrågasättas eftersom det var liten spridning i data med få djur med hög marmoreringsgrad, varför även en analys av marmoreringsgrad som kategoriska variabler genomfördes. Fishers exakta test visade på ett signifikant samband mellan marmoreringsgraden före och efter slakt, och ultraljudsmätningen stämde överens med bedömningen av marmorering efter slakt i hälften av fallen. Resultaten för mätningar av ryggfettets djup före och efter slakt låg på en betydligt svagare korrelation än tidigare studier (r=0,51 vid 12/13e revbenet och r=0,43 vid 10/11e revbenet), medan resultaten för mätning av muskeldjup var medelhögt korrelerat med motsvarande värde på slaktkroppen. Resultaten kan troligtvis förklaras med bristande erfarenhet av tekniken och mjukvaran och att resultaten för marmoreringsmätning troligen kan förbättras genom bättre kalibrering av mjukvaruprogrammet för att anpassa det till svenska förhållanden, eftersom marmoreringsgraden generellt underskattas med nuvarande inställningar. Det finns potential för att använda ultraljud för att mäta marmorering på nötkreatur i Sverige, men det krävs ytterligare datainsamling och analys och mer kunskap och erfarenhet för att kunna uppvisa säkrare mätresultat.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Heins, Nico, et al.
(author)
-
Derivation, characterization, and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.
- 2004
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In: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). - 1066-5099. ; 22:3, s. 367-76
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The derivation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells establishes a new avenue to approach many issues in human biology and medicine for the first time. To meet the increased demand for characterized hES cell lines, we present the derivation and characterization of six hES cell lines. In addition to the previously described immunosurgery procedure, we were able to propagate the inner cell mass and establish hES cell lines from pronase-treated and hatched blastocysts. The cell lines were extensively characterized by expression analysis of markers characteristic for undifferentiated and differentiated hES cells, karyotyping, telomerase activity measurement, and pluripotency assays in vitro and in vivo. Whereas three of the cell lines expressed all the characteristics of undifferentiated pluripotent hES cells, one cell line carried a chromosome 13 trisomy while maintaining an undifferentiated pluripotent state, and two cell lines, one of which carried a triploid karyotype, exhibited limited pluripotency in vivo. Furthermore, we clonally derived one cell line, which could be propagated in an undifferentiated pluripotent state.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Heusser, Stephanie A., et al.
(author)
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Functional Validation of Virtual Screening for Novel Agents with General Anesthetic Action at Ligand-Gated Ion Channelss
- 2013
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In: Molecular Pharmacology. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0026-895X .- 1521-0111. ; 84:5, s. 670-678
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- GABA(A) receptors play a crucial role in the actions of general anesthetics. The recently published crystal structure of the general anesthetic propofol bound to Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel (GLIC), a bacterial homolog of GABA(A) receptors, provided an opportunity to explore structure-based ligand discovery for pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs). We used molecular docking of 153,000 commercially available compounds to identify molecules that interact with the propofol binding site in GLIC. In total, 29 compounds were selected for functional testing on recombinant GLIC, and 16 of these compounds modulated GLIC function. Active compounds were also tested on recombinant GABA(A) receptors, and point mutations around the presumed binding pocket were introduced into GLIC and GABA(A) receptors to test for binding specificity. The potency of active compounds was only weakly correlated with properties such as lipophilicity or molecular weight. One compound was found to mimic the actions of propofol on GLIC and GABA(A), and to be sensitive to mutations that reduce the action of propofol in both receptors. Mutant receptors also provided insight about the position of the binding sites and the relevance of the receptor's conformation for anesthetic actions. Overall, the findings support the feasibility of the use of virtual screening to discover allosteric modulators of pLGICs, and suggest that GLIC is a valid model system to identify novel GABA(A) receptor ligands.
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Hållbara bostäder för seniorer
- 2019
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Editorial proceedings (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Projekt DIABAHS har haft som syfte att studera vad hållbara bostäder för seniorer är, vilka faktorer som är viktiga att beakta i planeringen och undersöka hur dialoger kan spela roll. Projektet växte fram ur ett pilotprojekt med White arkitekter, som handlade om dialoger som en del av designprocessen i ett projekt där trygghetsbostäder skulle skapas. En uppskalning av det pilotprojektet blev DIABAHS – ett treårigt följeforskningsprojekt som involverat byggherrar/fastighetsägare, arkitekter, kommunal samhällsplanering och äldreomsorg, pensionärsorganisationer, hyresgäster m.fl. Genom följeforskning kan projekt följas och dokumenteras och bidra till ett lärande och kunskap under tiden som det pågår. Preliminära slutsatser från projektet som har följt fyra exempel på nyproducerade senior-och trygghetsbostäder i lika många kommuner, visar att det finns en efterfrågan på bostäder för seniorer och att många äldre vill bo med andra äldre.
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