| 1. |
- Mylrea-Foley, Bronacha, et al.
(author)
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Perinatal and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm fetal compromise : the TRUFFLE 2 randomised trial protocol
- 2022
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Following the detection of fetal growth restriction, there is no consensus about the criteria that should trigger delivery in the late preterm period. The consequences of inappropriate early or late delivery are potentially important yet practice varies widely around the world, with abnormal findings from fetal heart rate monitoring invariably leading to delivery. Indices derived from fetal cerebral Doppler examination may guide such decisions although there are few studies in this area. We propose a randomised, controlled trial to establish the optimum method of timing delivery between 32 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. We hypothesise that delivery on evidence of cerebral blood flow redistribution reduces a composite of perinatal poor outcome, death and short-term hypoxia-related morbidity, with no worsening of neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.Methods and analysis: Women with non-anomalous singleton pregnancies 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation in whom the estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference is <10th percentile or has decreased by 50 percentiles since 18-32 weeks will be included for observational data collection. Participants will be randomised if cerebral blood flow redistribution is identified, based on umbilical to middle cerebral artery pulsatility index ratio values. Computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) must show normal fetal heart rate short term variation (>= 4.5 msec) and absence of decelerations at randomisation. Randomisation will be 1:1 to immediate delivery or delayed delivery (based on cCTG abnormalities or other worsening fetal condition). The primary outcome is poor condition at birth and/or fetal or neonatal death and/or major neonatal morbidity, the secondary non-inferiority outcome is 2-year infant general health and neurodevelopmental outcome based on the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised questionnaire.Ethics and dissemination: The Study Coordination Centre has obtained approval from London-Riverside Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Regulatory Authority (HRA). Publication will be in line with NIHR Open Access policy.
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| 2. |
- Baranowska, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Associations between medical therapy after surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and long-term mortality: a report from the SWEDEHEART registry.
- 2022
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In: European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2055-6837 .- 2055-6845. ; 8:8, s. 837-846
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The association between use of statins, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors and/or β-blockers and long-term mortality in patients with aortic stenosis who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is unknown.All patients with aortic stenosis who underwent isolated first time SAVR in Sweden from 2006 to 2017 and survived six months after discharge were included. Individual patient data from four mandatory nationwide registries were merged. Cox proportional hazards models, with time-updated data on medication status and adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, type of prosthesis, and year of surgery, were used to investigate associations between dispensed statins, RAS inhibitors, and β-blockers, and all-cause mortality. In total, 9553 patients were included, and median follow-up time was 4.9 years (range 0-11); 1738 patients (18.2%) died during follow-up. Statins were dispensed to 49.1% and 49.0% of the patients within six months of discharge from hospital and after ten years, respectively. Corresponding figures were 51.4% and 53.9% for RAS inhibitors, and 79.3% and 60.7% for β-blockers. Ongoing treatment was associated with lower mortality risk for statins [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.60-0.74), p<0.001] and RAS inhibitors [aHR 0.84 (0.76-0.93), p<0.001] but not for β-blockers [aHR 1.17 (1.05-1.30), p=0.004]. The associations were robust in subgroups based on age, sex, and comorbidities (p for interactions>0.05).The results of this large population-based real-world study support the use of statins and RAS inhibitors for patients who underwent SAVR due to aortic stenosis.
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| 3. |
- Bellenguez, Celine, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke
- 2012
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:3, s. 141-328
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 x 10(-11); odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes.
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| 4. |
- Blomqvist, Maria K., 1975, et al.
(author)
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Identification of a novel mutation in PEX10 in a patient with attenuated Zellweger spectrum disorder: A case report
- 2017
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In: Journal of Medical Case Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-1947. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The peroxisome biogenesis disorders, which are caused by mutations in any of 13 different PEX genes, include the Zellweger spectrum disorders. Severe defects in one of these PEX genes result in the absence of functional peroxisomes which is seen in classical Zellweger syndrome. These patients present with hypotonia and seizures shortly after birth. Other typical symptoms are dysmorphic features, liver disease, retinal degeneration, sensorineural deafness, polycystic kidneys, and the patient does not reach any developmental milestones. Case presentation: We report a case of a patient with Zellweger spectrum disorder due to a novel mutation in the PEX10 gene, presenting with a mild late-onset neurological phenotype. The patient, an Assyrian girl originating from Iraq, presented with sensorineural hearing impairment at the age of 5 followed by sensorimotor polyneuropathy, cognitive delay, impaired gross and fine motor skills, and tremor and muscle weakness in her teens. Analyses of biochemical markers for peroxisomal disease suggested a mild peroxisomal defect and functional studies in fibroblasts confirmed the existence of a peroxisome biogenesis disorder. Diagnosis was confirmed by next generation sequencing analysis, which showed a novel homozygous mutation (c.530 T > G (p.Leu177Arg) (NM-153818.1)) in the PEX10 gene predicted to be pathogenic. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of performing biochemical, functional, and genetic peroxisomal screening in patients with clinical presentations milder than those usually observed in Zellweger spectrum disorders. © 2017 The Author(s).
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| 5. |
- Darin, Niklas, 1964, et al.
(author)
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γ-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency caused by a large homozygous intragenic deletion in GGT1.
- 2018
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In: European journal of human genetics : EJHG. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5438 .- 1018-4813. ; 26, s. 808-817
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency (glutathionuria, OMIM 231950) is a rare disease, with only six patients reported in the literature, although this condition has probably been underdiagnosed due the difficulty to routinely analyze glutathione in clinical samples and to the fact that no genetic defect has been coupled to the disease so far. We report two siblings with mild psychomotor developmental delay and mild neurological symptoms, who presented a markedly increased excretion of glutathione in urine and a very low γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in serum. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of a 16.9kb homozygous deletion in GGT1, one of the genes encoding enzymes with γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the human genome. Close analysis revealed the presence of a 13bp insertion at the deletion junction. This is the first report of a genetic variant as the cause of glutathionuria. In addition, genetic characterization of the patients' parents and a healthy sibling has provided direct genetic evidence regarding the autosomal recessive nature of this disease.
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| 6. |
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Datacentralerna för högre utbildning och forskning : Transkript av ett vittnesseminarium vid Tekniska museet i Stockholm den 27 mars 2008
- 2008
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The witness seminar ”Datacentralerna för högre utbildning och forskning” [The Data Processing Centres for Higher Education and Research] was held at Tekniska museet [The National Museum of Science and Technology] in Stockholm on 27 March 2008 and was led by professor Sture Allén. The main questions dealt with the introduction of the data processing centres, its development and influence on higher education and research, as well as the closure and transformation of the centres. The centres came into existence because of the great expenses that were connected to the acquisition of computers. In the witness seminar different views were represented, such as the one of The Swedish Agency for Public Management which was responsible for the acquisition, the managers of the centres as well as the users of the centres. The centres have had a great influence on both education and research and have affected the mode of working with computers. Among other things, the creation and use of different programs emerged at the centres.
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| 7. |
- ElBeck, Zaher, et al.
(author)
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Epigenetic modulators link mitochondrial redox homeostasis to cardiac function in a sex-dependent manner
- 2024
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a characteristic hallmark of numerous diseases, clinical approaches that ameliorate oxidative stress have been unsuccessful. Here, utilizing multi-omics, we demonstrate that in cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) constitutes a major antioxidative defense mechanism. Paradoxically reduced expression of IDH2 associated with ventricular eccentric hypertrophy is counterbalanced by an increase in the enzyme activity. We unveil redox-dependent sex dimorphism, and extensive mutual regulation of the antioxidative activities of IDH2 and NRF2 by a feedforward network that involves 2-oxoglutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate and mediated in part through unconventional hydroxy-methylation of cytosine residues present in introns. Consequently, conditional targeting of ROS in a murine model of heart failure improves cardiac function in sex- and phenotype-dependent manners. Together, these insights may explain why previous attempts to treat heart failure with antioxidants have been unsuccessful and open new approaches to personalizing and, thereby, improving such treatment.
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| 8. |
- Felkel, Sabine, et al.
(author)
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The horse Y chromosome as an informative marker for tracing sire lines
- 2019
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysis of the Y chromosome is the best-established way to reconstruct paternal family history in humans. Here, we applied fine-scaled Y-chromosomal haplotyping in horses with biallelic markers and demonstrate the potential of our approach to address the ancestry of sire lines. We de novo assembled a draft reference of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome from Illumina short reads and then screened 5.8 million basepairs for variants in 130 specimens from intensively selected and rural breeds and nine Przewalski's horses. Among domestic horses we confirmed the predominance of a young'crown haplogroup' in Central European and North American breeds. Within the crown, we distinguished 58 haplotypes based on 211 variants, forming three major haplogroups. In addition to two previously characterised haplogroups, one observed in Arabian/Coldblooded and the other in Turkoman/Thoroughbred horses, we uncovered a third haplogroup containing Iberian lines and a North African Barb Horse. In a genealogical showcase, we distinguished the patrilines of the three English Thoroughbred founder stallions and resolved a historic controversy over the parentage of the horse 'Galopin', born in 1872. We observed two nearly instantaneous radiations in the history of Central and Northern European Y-chromosomal lineages that both occurred after domestication 5,500 years ago.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Flannick, Jason, et al.
(author)
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Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 protect against type 2 diabetes.
- 2014
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 46:4, s. 357-357
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Loss-of-function mutations protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets, but none have yet been described for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Through sequencing or genotyping of ∼150,000 individuals across 5 ancestry groups, we identified 12 rare protein-truncating variants in SLC30A8, which encodes an islet zinc transporter (ZnT8) and harbors a common variant (p.Trp325Arg) associated with T2D risk and glucose and proinsulin levels. Collectively, carriers of protein-truncating variants had 65% reduced T2D risk (P = 1.7 × 10(-6)), and non-diabetic Icelandic carriers of a frameshift variant (p.Lys34Serfs*50) demonstrated reduced glucose levels (-0.17 s.d., P = 4.6 × 10(-4)). The two most common protein-truncating variants (p.Arg138* and p.Lys34Serfs*50) individually associate with T2D protection and encode unstable ZnT8 proteins. Previous functional study of SLC30A8 suggested that reduced zinc transport increases T2D risk, and phenotypic heterogeneity was observed in mouse Slc30a8 knockouts. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in humans provide strong evidence that SLC30A8 haploinsufficiency protects against T2D, suggesting ZnT8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in T2D prevention.
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| 11. |
- Gaulton, Kyle J, et al.
(author)
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Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.
- 2015
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:12, s. 1415-1415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.
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| 12. |
- Källquist, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Operando ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy of solid/liquid interfaces in Li-ion batteries
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) is combined with electrochemistry (EC) to investigate the interface between the liquid electrolyte and the solid electrode in Li-ion battery (LIB) cells. The combination of these techniques is promising for further understanding the functionality of LIB interfaces, but it is also associated with several experimental challenges. In this work a functional EC-cell which allows for probing the solid/liquid interface is achieved by the dip-and-pull method. Two systems consisting of a 1M LiClO4 in propylene carbonate electrolyte and a sputter deposited lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) or lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) thin film electrode are investigated. A methodology for combined EC/APPES measurements is proposed, where continuously changing the measurement spot is necessary to avoid accumulation of surface species during X-ray exposure. The APPES spectra from the LCO and NMC electrodes show binding energy (BE) shifts depending on applied voltage. It is argued that this is related to the lithiation of the material, as the BE shifts are found to coincide with expected phase transitions to more conductive phases. The experimental data is compared to results from supercell DFT calculations modelling the bulk material. The opposite trends observed in the experimental and computational approaches indicate the importance of an accurate treatment of the exchange for a proper description of the oxidation states of the Co atoms and their corresponding core-level shifts.
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| 13. |
- Källquist, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Potentials in Li-Ion Batteries Probed by Operando Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- 2022
-
In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 14:5, s. 6465-6475
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The important electrochemical processes in a battery happen at the solid/liquid interfaces. Operando ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) is one tool to study these processes with chemical specificity. However, accessing this crucial interface and identifying the interface signal are not trivial. Therefore, we present a measurement setup, together with a suggested model, exemplifying how APPES can be used to probe potential differences over the electrode/electrolyte interface, even without direct access to the interface. Both the change in electron electrochemical potential over the solid/liquid interface, and the change in Li chemical potential of the working electrode (WE) surface at Li-ion equilibrium can be probed. Using a Li4Ti5O12 composite as a WE, our results show that the shifts in kinetic energy of the electrolyte measured by APPES can be correlated to the electrochemical reactions occurring at the WE/electrolyte interface. Different shifts in kinetic energy are seen depending on if a phase transition reaction occurs or if a single phase is lithiated. The developed methodology can be used to evaluate charge transfer over the WE/electrolyte interface as well as the lithiation/delithiation mechanism of the WE.
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| 14. |
- Källquist, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Probing Electrochemical Potential Differences over the Solid/Liquid Interface in Li-Ion Battery Model Systems.
- 2021
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In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:28, s. 32989-32996
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrochemical potential difference (Δμ̅) is the driving force for the transfer of a charged species from one phase to another in a redox reaction. In Li-ion batteries (LIBs), Δμ̅ values for both electrons and Li-ions play an important role in the charge-transfer kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Because of the lack of suitable measurement techniques, little is known about how Δμ̅ affects the redox reactions occurring at the solid/liquid interfaces during LIB operation. Herein, we outline the relations between different potentials and show how ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) can be used to follow changes in Δμ̅e over the solid/liquid interfaces operando by measuring the kinetic energy (KE) shifts of the electrolyte core levels. The KE shift versus applied voltage shows a linear dependence of ∼1 eV/V during charging of the electrical double layer and during solid electrolyte interphase formation. This agrees with the expected results for an ideally polarizable interface. During lithiation, the slope changes drastically. We propose a model to explain this based on charge transfer over the solid/liquid interface.
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| 15. |
- Lagou, Vasiliki, et al.
(author)
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Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability
- 2021
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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| 16. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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A hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the solid electrolyte interphase of a lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide based electrolyte for Si-electrodes
- 2016
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In: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 301, s. 105-112
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This report focuses on the relatively new salt, lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide (LiTDI), and its functionality together with a silicon based composite electrode in a half-cell lithium ion battery context. LiTDI is a promising alternative to the commonly used LiPF6 salt because it does not form HF which can decompose the oxide layer on Si. The formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as well as the development of the active Si-particles are investigated during the first electrochemical lithiation and de-lithiation. Characterizations are carried out at different state of charge with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) at two different photon energies. This enables a depth resolved picture of the reaction processes and gives an idea of the chemical buildup of the SEI. The SEI is formed by solvent and LiTDI decomposition products and its composition is similar to SEI formed by other carbonate based electrolytes. The LiTDI salt or its decomposition products are not in itself reactive towards the active Si-material and no unwanted side reactions occurs with the active Si-particles. Despite some decomposition of the LiTDI salt, it is a promising alternative for electrolytes aimed towards Si-based electrodes.
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| 17. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Breaking Down a Complex System : Interpreting PES Peak Positions for Cycled Li-ion Battery Electrodes
- 2017
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121, s. 27303-27312
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is an important technique for tracing and understanding the side reactions responsible for decreasing performance of Li-ion batteries. Interpretation of different spectral components is dependent on correct binding energy referencing and for battery electrodes this is highly complex. In this work, we investigate the effect on binding energy reference points in PES in correlation to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, changing electrode potentials and state of charge variations in Li-ion battery electrodes. The results show that components in the SEI have a significantly different binding energy reference point relative to the bulk electrode material (i.e. up to 2 eV). It is also shown that electrode components with electronically insulating/semi-conducting nature are shifted as a function of electrode potential relative to highly conducting materials. Further, spectral changes due to lithiation are highly depending on the nature of the active material and its lithiation mechanism. Finally, a strategy for planning and evaluating PES experiments on battery electrodes is proposed where some materials require careful choice of one or more internal reference points while others may be treated essentially without internal calibration.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Lindgren, Sofia, 1980-, et al.
(author)
-
Högre datautbildningar i Sverige i ett historiskt perspektiv : Transkript av ett vittnesseminarium vid Tekniska museet i Stockholm den 24 januari 2008
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The witness seminar ”Högre dataubildningar i Sverige i ett historiskt perspektiv” [Higher Education in the Computers Sciences in Sweden from a Historic Perspective] was held at Tekniska museet [The National Museum of Science and Technology] in Stockholm on 24 January 2008 and was led by Ingemar Dahlstrand. Different aspects of the development of higher education within the computer area were discussed and debated. The witness seminar focused on the expansion of the subject area that grew from Numerical Analysis, Administrative Data Processing and the area that in the end became Computer Science. The experiences from the different universities were compared and debated. The development of the subject area of computers took various paths at the universities. The experiences of working within a newly established subject area were discussed. These included, among other aspects, the relation to the industry. Also the experiences of having to rely on a centralised system with Data Processing Centres in order to use computers were mentioned.
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| 20. |
- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(author)
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New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk
- 2016
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
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| 21. |
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Lysator : Transkript av ett vittnesseminarium vid Linköpings universitetLinköping den 21 februari 2008
- 2008
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The witness seminar ”Lysator” was held at Linköpings universitet [University of Linköping] on 21 February 2008 and was led by PhD Lennart Sturesson. Lysator is a student-led society with a focus on computers which was established at the University of Linköping in the early 1970’s. The witness seminar focused on the founding of the society and the driving forces behind this as well as the first activities that took place within the organisation. Besides experimentations with a D21-computer, that was donated by Datasaab, one of the major projects during the 1970s was the construction of the minicomputer LYS 16. The members of Lysator even started selling the computer. Besides the construction of the LYS 16, the membership in a technological orientated organisation that focused on new advancements in technology, was discussed. Some of the later projects of the society carried out in the 1980s were also mentioned, such as RydNet and Projekt Runeberg.
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| 22. |
- Maibach, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Electric potential gradient at the buried interface between Lithium-ion battery electrodes and the SEI observed using photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2016
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 7:10, s. 1775-1780
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The buried interface between the bulk electrode material and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in cycled Li-ion battery anodes is suggested to incorporate an electric potential gradient. This suggestion is based on photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) results from different anode materials that all show relative binding energy shifts between the components of the SEI and the active anode. Implications of this electric potential gradient on binding energy reference points in PES as well as on charge-transfer kinetics in Li-ion batteries are discussed. Specifically, we show that the separation of surface layer and bulk material spectral contributions (depth profiling) is crucial for consistent data interpretation. We conclude that previous interpretations of lithiation as cause for changes in PES spectra may need to be revised.
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| 23. |
- Metzger, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Genome data uncover four synergistic key regulators for extremely small body size in horses
- 2018
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In: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 19:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Miniature size in horses represents an extreme reduction of withers height that originated after domestication. In some breeds, it is a highly desired trait representing a breed- or subtype-specific feature. The genomic changes that emerged due to strong-targeted selection towards this distinct type remain unclear.Results: Comparisons of whole-genome sequencing data from two Miniature Shetland ponies and one standard-sized Shetland pony, performed to elucidate genetic determinants for miniature size, revealed four synergistic variants, limiting withers height to 34.25 in. (87 cm). Runs of homozygosity regions were detected spanning these four variants in both the Miniature Shetland ponies and the standard-sized Shetland pony. They were shown to be characteristic of the Shetland pony breed, resulting in a miniature type under specific genotypic combinations. These four genetic variants explained 72% of the size variation among Shetland ponies and related breeds. The length of the homozygous regions indicate that they arose over 1000 years ago. In addition, a copy number variant was identified in DIAPH3 harboring a loss exclusively in ponies and donkeys and thus representing a potential height-associated variant.Conclusion: This study reveals main drivers for miniature size in horses identified in whole genome data and thus provides relevant candidate genes for extremely short stature in mammals.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Moksnes, Per-Olav, et al.
(author)
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Fritidsbåtars påverkan på grunda kustekosystem i sverige
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sveriges natursköna kust med vidsträckta skärgårdar erbjuder fantastiska förhållanden för fritidsbåtliv. Idag finns uppskattningsvis mer än 700 000 fritidsbåtar i Sverige, vilket är en av de högsta siffrorna i världen sett till befolkningsmängden. Kustens vågskyddade skärgård ger också goda förutsättningar att förvara fritidsbåtar vid bryggor, och idag täcks stora områden av bryggor och småbåtshamnar. Det stora antalet båtar och bryggor kan ge betydande effekter på miljön, men kunskapen om fritidsbåtlivets sammanlagda påverkan på Sveriges kustmiljöer har hittills varit bristfällig. Havsmiljöinstitutets mål med denna rapport har varit att sammanställa kunskapsläget kring hur fritidsbåtar påverkar grunda kustekosystem i Sverige, samt bedöma omfattningen av denna påverkan och om utveckling är hållbar. Syftet med rapporten är att bidra till utvecklingen av en mer hållbar förvaltning av fritidsbåtlivet genom att sammanställa vetenskaplig kunskap inom detta område på ett lättillgängligt sätt. Sammanställningen visar att det finns ett starkt stöd i den vetenskapliga litteraturen för att fritidsbåtar ger upphov till många negativa effekter på kustmiljön. Med fritidsbåtslivet följer en rad olika fysiska strukturer och aktiviteter som var och en ger upphov till flera olika typer av miljöpåverkan. En ökad utbredning av småbåtshamnar, bryggor och muddrade områden medför förluster av viktiga bottenmiljöer och leder ofta till en långvarig försämring av miljöförhållanden lokalt. Muddrings- och dumpningsaktiviteter leder till ökad uppgrumling och spridning av sediment, näringsämnen och miljögifter över stora områden, vilket bland annat påverkar bottenvegetation, fiskar och musslor negativt. Båttrafik och ankring leder till uppgrumling och erosion av sediment samt till skador på bottenmiljön. Undervattensbuller från båtarnas motorer stör också fiskar och däggdjur. Vidare medför användning av fritidsbåtar betydande utsläpp av giftiga ämnen och föroreningar från båtbottenfärger och förbränningsmotorer. Drygt 60 % av alla bryggor och småbåtshamnar återfinns i grunda (<3 m), vågskyddade områden med mjukbottnar, trots att de endast utgör en fjärdedel av kustens totala grundområden. Dessa områden lämpar sig väl för båtförvaring, men är också en av kustens mest produktiva och värdefulla miljöer. Grunda mjukbottnar är en viktig miljö för olika kärlväxter och kransalger, som i sin tur utgör viktiga uppväxthabitat för många olika fiskarter och kräftdjur. Rapporten visar att dessa miljöer är extra känsliga för en majoritet av de störningar som fritidsbåtlivet ger upphov till. Sammantaget medför detta att fritidsbåtslivet i förhållande till sin omfattning genererar stora skador på miljöer med höga naturvärden.
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| 26. |
- Moksnes, Per-Olav, et al.
(author)
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Fritidsbåtars påverkan på grunda kustekosystem i Sverige
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sweden has a long and beautiful coastline with extensive archipelagos that offer exceptional conditions for recreational boating. There are more than 700 000 recreational boats in Sweden, which is one of the highest numbers in the world in relation to the population size. Small tidal differences and many sheltered bays also provide good conditions for storing boats at docks and piers and jetties. As a result, large areas of the Swedish coast are today covered with docks and marinas for recreational boats. The large number of boats and docks could have substantial negative effects on the environment. However, the understanding of the cumulative impact of recreational boating on Swedish coastal ecosystem has so far been incomplete. The goal with this report from the Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment has been to compile and summarize the present state of knowledge regarding how recreational boating affect shallow coastal ecosystems in Sweden, to determine the extent of the impact and if the development is sustainable. The aim has been to present scientific knowledge on these topics in an accessible way in order to facilitate the development of a more sustainable management of recreational boating in Sweden.The scientific literature strongly support that recreational boating generates many negative effects on the marine environment. Recreational boating requires a number of physical structures and generate a number activities that each results in several different pressures on the environment. An increased number of marinas, docks and dredged canals results in losses of important habitats, as well as long-term deterioration of the environmental conditions locally. Dredging and dumping of dredge material results in increased turbidity and dispersal of sediment, nutrients and pollutants over large areas with negative effects on many aquatic organisms, e.g. vegetation, fishes and mussels. Traffic from recreational boats and anchoring result in increased turbidity and sediment erosion as well as damage to habitats. Motor boats also create underwater noise that can disturb e.g. fishes, seals and porpoises. In addition, recreational boating result in substantial emissions of toxic substances and pollution from e.g. antifouling paint and combustion engines.More than 60% of all docks and marinas are found in wave sheltered, shallow (<3 m) areas with soft bottoms, despite that this environment only constitute 25% of shallow coastal areas in Sweden. These sheltered areas are well suited for storing boats, but also constitute one of the most productive and valuable environments along the coast. They are important environments for vegetation such as seagrass, pondweed and stoneworts, which in turn constitute important spawning and nursery areas for a large number of fish and invertebrates. The report shows that these shallow soft bottom environments are very sensitive to a majority of the stressors that recreational boating generate. Boating therefore create a disproportionally large impact on environments with high values.Although the impact from a single recreational boat or dock is limited, the cumulative effect is substantial because of the sheer number. According to recent inventories, there are today almost 110 000 docks along the Swedish coast covering almost 2 000 km of bottom. In comparison with the 1960s, the amount of docks has increased with almost 160%, which today constitutes an increase of 1 700 new docks per year. Recent studies show that vegetation is degraded as the number of docks and boats increase within shallow, wave sheltered areas. It is estimated that almost 20% of this important environment is negatively affected by recreational boating today; in the County of Stockholm and Västra Götaland around 30% of shallow, wave sheltered areas are estimated to be impacted. Despite several management measures in the last decades to decrease coastal exploitation, there are no signs that the rate of exploitation is decreasing.The large number of recreational boats with combustion engines, the trend of increasing engine size, and the fact that engines lack all forms of emission control result in substantial emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. Recent estimates suggest that the emissions from recreational boats are very high and comparable with other types of transport in Sweden. Emission of toxic copper from antifouling paint on recreational boats is also substantial and contributes to the high levels of copper in coastal waters, which is above the limit for good ecological status in 85% of the assessed coastal water bodies.Although most boat owners likely spend time at sea because they enjoy and care about the environment, the results presented in this report show that recreational boating have a substantial negative impact on the coastal environment, particularly in shallow, wave protected areas. In these areas, today’s use and development of recreational boating cannot be considered sustainable. However, the report also shows that there are ways to decrease the environmental impact from recreational boating. By changing the way we use and store recreational boats, and by improving management we can still allow coming generations to enjoy unexploited coastal environments with clear water and a rich plant and animal life.The report ends by discussing new, possible measures and solutions for a more sustainable use of recreational boats in Sweden, which could be a starting point for continuing such work. These include e.g. to identify vulnerable coastal environments in order to steer away exploitation and recreational boat traffic from these areas. By storing boats on land, the need for docks, dredging and toxic antifouling paint could decrease. Reduced speed limits and access limitations for recreational motorboats in certain areas could decrease negative impact on the most vulnerable habitats. Finally, new, environmentally friendly technology, and new financial instruments could be used to decrease negative impacts and create a more sustainable development of recreational boating.
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| 27. |
- Muster, Sina, et al.
(author)
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PeRL : a circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake database
- 2017
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 9:1, s. 317-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ponds and lakes are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. They play an important role in Arctic wetland ecosystems by regulating carbon, water, and energy fluxes and providing freshwater habitats. However, ponds, i. e., waterbodies with surface areas smaller than 1.0 x 10(4) m(2), have not been inventoried on global and regional scales. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database presents the results of a circum-Arctic effort to map ponds and lakes from modern (2002-2013) high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery with a resolution of 5m or better. The database also includes historical imagery from 1948 to 1965 with a resolution of 6m or better. PeRL includes 69 maps covering a wide range of environmental conditions from tundra to boreal regions and from continuous to discontinuous permafrost zones. Waterbody maps are linked to regional permafrost landscape maps which provide information on permafrost extent, ground ice volume, geology, and lithology. This paper describes waterbody classification and accuracy, and presents statistics of waterbody distribution for each site. Maps of permafrost landscapes in Alaska, Canada, and Russia are used to extrapolate waterbody statistics from the site level to regional landscape units. PeRL presents pond and lake estimates for a total area of 1.4 x 10(6) km(2) across the Arctic, about 17% of the Arctic lowland (<300ma. s.l.) land surface area. PeRL waterbodies with sizes of 1.0 x 10(6) m(2) down to 1.0 x 10(2) m(2) contributed up to 21% to the total water fraction. Waterbody density ranged from 1.0 x 10 to 9.4 x 10(1) km(-2). Ponds are the dominant waterbody type by number in all landscapes representing 45-99% of the total waterbody number. The implementation of PeRL size distributions in land surface models will greatly improve the investigation and projection of surface inundation and carbon fluxes in permafrost lowlands. Waterbody maps, study area boundaries, and maps of regional permafrost landscapes including detailed metadata are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.868349.
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| 28. |
- Ntalla, Ioanna, et al.
(author)
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Multi-ancestry GWAS of the electrocardiographic PR interval identifies 202 loci underlying cardiac conduction
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrocardiographic PR interval reflects atrioventricular conduction, and is associated with conduction abnormalities, pacemaker implantation, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiovascular mortality. Here we report a multi-ancestry (N=293,051) genome-wide association meta-analysis for the PR interval, discovering 202 loci of which 141 have not previously been reported. Variants at identified loci increase the percentage of heritability explained, from 33.5% to 62.6%. We observe enrichment for cardiac muscle developmental/contractile and cytoskeletal genes, highlighting key regulation processes for atrioventricular conduction. Additionally, 8 loci not previously reported harbor genes underlying inherited arrhythmic syndromes and/or cardiomyopathies suggesting a role for these genes in cardiovascular pathology in the general population. We show that polygenic predisposition to PR interval duration is an endophenotype for cardiovascular disease, including distal conduction disease, AF, and atrioventricular pre-excitation. These findings advance our understanding of the polygenic basis of cardiac conduction, and the genetic relationship between PR interval duration and cardiovascular disease. On the electrocardiogram, the PR interval reflects conduction from the atria to ventricles and also serves as risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide meta-analyses for PR interval in multiple ancestries and identify 141 previously unreported genetic loci.
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| 29. |
- Okbay, Aysu, et al.
(author)
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Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals.
- 2022
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 54:4, s. 437-449
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment (EA) in a sample of ~3 million individuals and identify 3,952 approximately uncorrelated genome-wide-significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide polygenic predictor, or polygenic index (PGI), explains 12-16% of EA variance and contributes to risk prediction for ten diseases. Direct effects (i.e., controlling for parental PGIs) explain roughly half the PGI's magnitude of association with EA and other phenotypes. The correlation between mate-pair PGIs is far too large to be consistent with phenotypic assortment alone, implying additional assortment on PGI-associated factors. In an additional GWAS of dominance deviations from the additive model, we identify no genome-wide-significant SNPs, and a separate X-chromosome additive GWAS identifies 57.
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| 30. |
- Pennlert, Julia, 1985-
(author)
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Poesi pågår : en studie av Poeter.se 2003-2016
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation presents a study of Poeter.se, a Swedish web community for reading and writing poetry. The aim is to examine and analyze how a literary community online works, how the writers present themselves as authors and how conventions connected to poetry migrate into or are negotiated in the digital environment. The vast amount of material published on the website during the time-period 2003-2016 (2 million comments and about 860 000 poems) makes it imperative to raise questions about methodology and the dissertation highlights how a researcher dealing with digital material can combine methods. The study is divided into six chapters in which I use different theoretical frameworks, such as the concept of digital paratexts, theories and discussions about the function of the author in a digital media landscape, and media-specific theories about how reading and writing can be approached when they occur online. The central research questions are: What characterizes the connection between genre-specific traits in poetry and the digital platform on which they are published? What kind of relations can be seen between the participants and their publication patterns, and the website? How do the members present their writing and their participation at the site?
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| 31. |
- Scott, Robert A., et al.
(author)
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An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans
- 2017
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 66:11, s. 2888-2902
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including variants near the GLP2R, GIP, and HLA-DQA1 genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.
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| 32. |
- Surakka, Ida, et al.
(author)
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The impact of low-frequency and rare variants on lipid levels.
- 2015
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:6, s. 589-597
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a genome-wide screen of 9.6 million genetic variants achieved through 1000 Genomes Project imputation in 62,166 samples, we identify association to lipid traits in 93 loci, including 79 previously identified loci with new lead SNPs and 10 new loci, 15 loci with a low-frequency lead SNP and 10 loci with a missense lead SNP, and 2 loci with an accumulation of rare variants. In six loci, SNPs with established function in lipid genetics (CELSR2, GCKR, LIPC and APOE) or candidate missense mutations with predicted damaging function (CD300LG and TM6SF2) explained the locus associations. The low-frequency variants increased the proportion of variance explained, particularly for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Altogether, our results highlight the impact of low-frequency variants in complex traits and show that imputation offers a cost-effective alternative to resequencing.
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| 33. |
- Wallner, Barbara, et al.
(author)
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Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions
- 2017
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In: Current Biology. - : CELL PRESS. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 27:13, s. 2029-2035
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Y chromosome directly reflects male genealogies, but the extremely low Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses has prevented the reconstruction of stallion genealogies [1, 2]. Here, weresolve the first Y chromosomegenealogy of modern horses by screening 1.46 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 breeds. Based on highly accurate pedigree data, we estimated the de novo mutation rate of the horse MSY and showed that various modern horse Y chromosome lineages split much later than the domestication of the species. Apart from few private northern European haplotypes, all modern horse breeds clustered together in a roughly 700-year-old haplogroup that was transmitted to Europe by the import of Oriental stallions. The Oriental horse group consisted of two major subclades: the Original Arabian lineage and the Turkoman horse lineage. We show that the English Thoroughbred MSY was derived from the Turkoman lineage and that English Thoroughbred sires are largely responsible for the predominance of this haplotype in modern horses.
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| 34. |
- Welmer, Anna-Karin, et al.
(author)
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Study protocol for the 'preventing functional decline in acutely hospitalised older patients (PREV_FUNC)' study : effects of two multicomponent exercise programmes on physical function - a three-armed randomised controlled trial
- 2023
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Acutely hospitalised older patients often live with frailty and have an increased risk of impaired physical function. Previous studies suggest that exercise might mitigate the risk of physical impairment; however, further research is needed to compare the effect of different types of exercise interventions. In this paper, we report a protocol for a trial that aims to examine (1) if multicomponent exercise interventions (interventions that include both mobility and strengthening exercises) have effects on physical function compared with usual care in older adults and (2) if a comprehensive multicomponent exercise programme is more effective than a simple multicomponent exercise programme that only include walking and sit-to-stand exercises.Methods and analysis: This is a three-armed randomised controlled trial, with two intervention groups (comprehensive and simple exercise programme) and a control group receiving usual care. We will include 320 participants aged >= 75 years from geriatric medical departments of four hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Assessments will be conducted at hospital admission, discharge and 3 months thereafter concerning physical function (primary outcome), activities of daily living, health-related quality of life, sarcopenia and falls. The number of readmissions will be registered up to 1 year after discharge. Data will be analysed with linear mixed effects models, according to the intention-to-treat approach.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval for this trial has been granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (approval number 2022-03032-01). Data collection will consider the information requirement, the requirement of consent, confidentiality obligations and the utilisation requirement. Trial findings will be disseminated through multiple channels, including scientific publications and conferences, and workshops with healthcare professionals and the public.
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| 35. |
- Yu, Meng, et al.
(author)
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Delayed generation of functional virus-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlates with severe COVID-19
- 2023
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In: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effective humoral immune responses require well-orchestrated B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell interactions. Whether these interactions are impaired and associated with COVID-19 disease severity is unclear. Here, longitudinal blood samples across COVID-19 disease severity are analysed. We find that during acute infection SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells expand with disease severity. SARS-CoV-2-specific cTfh cell frequencies correlate with plasmablast frequencies and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, avidity and neutralization. Furthermore, cTfh cells but not other memory CD4 T cells, from severe patients better induce plasmablast differentiation and antibody production compared to cTfh cells from mild patients. However, virus-specific cTfh cell development is delayed in patients that display or later develop severe disease compared to those with mild disease, which correlates with delayed induction of high-avidity neutralizing antibodies. Our study suggests that impaired generation of functional virus-specific cTfh cells delays high-quality antibody production at an early stage, potentially enabling progression to severe disease. T follicular helper cells (Tfh) enhance antibody responses and can circulate or be resident in lymph nodes. Here the authors show that during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, circulating Tfh cells correlate with antibody titres and plasmablast levels but in more severe COVID-19 cases, cTfh generation is delayed.
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| 36. |
- Zhu, Suyun, et al.
(author)
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HIPPIE : a new platform for ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the MAX IV Laboratory
- 2021
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In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 1600-5775 .- 0909-0495. ; 28, s. 624-636
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HIPPIE is a soft X-ray beamline on the 3 GeV electron storage ring of the MAX IV Laboratory, equipped with a novel ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) instrument. The endstation is dedicated to performing in situ and operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments in the presence of a controlled gaseous atmosphere at pressures up to 30 mbar [1 mbar = 100 Pa] as well as under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. The photon energy range is 250 to 2200 eV in planar polarization and with photon fluxes >1012 photons s-1 (500 mA ring current) at a resolving power of greater than 10000 and up to a maximum of 32000. The endstation currently provides two sample environments: a catalysis cell and an electrochemical/liquid cell. The former allows APXPS measurements of solid samples in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere (with a mixture of up to eight gases and a vapour of a liquid) and simultaneous analysis of the inlet/outlet gas composition by online mass spectrometry. The latter is a more versatile setup primarily designed for APXPS at the solid-liquid (dip-and-pull setup) or liquid-gas (liquid microjet) interfaces under full electrochemical control, and it can also be used as an open port for ad hoc-designed non-standard APXPS experiments with different sample environments. The catalysis cell can be further equipped with an IR reflection-absorption spectrometer, allowing for simultaneous APXPS and IR spectroscopy of the samples. The endstation is set up to easily accommodate further sample environments.
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