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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Influence of Hyperoxic-Supplemented High-Intensity Interval Training on Hemotological and Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations in Trained Cyclists.
- 2019
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In: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Hyperoxia (HYPER) increases O2 carrying capacity resulting in a higher O2 delivery to the working muscles during exercise. Several lines of evidence indicate that lactate metabolism, power output, and endurance are improved by HYPER compared to normoxia (NORM). Since HYPER enables a higher exercise power output compared to NORM and considering the O2 delivery limitation at exercise intensities near to maximum, we hypothesized that hyperoxic-supplemented high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would upregulate muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and enhance endurance cycling performance compared to training in normoxia. Methods: 23 trained cyclists, age 35.3 ± 6.4 years, body mass 75.2 ± 9.6 kg, height 179.8 ± 7.9 m, and VO2max 4.5 ± 0.7 L min-1 performed 6 weeks polarized and periodized endurance training on a cycle ergometer consisting of supervised HIIT sessions 3 days/week and additional low-intensity training 2 days/week. Participants were randomly assigned to either HYPER (FIO2 0.30; n = 12) or NORM (FIO2 0.21; n = 11) breathing condition during HIIT. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria together with maximal and submaximal VO2, hematological parameters, and self-paced endurance cycling performance were tested pre- and posttraining intervention. Results: Hyperoxic training led to a small, non-significant change in performance compared to normoxic training (HYPER 6.0 ± 3.7%, NORM 2.4 ± 5.0%; p = 0.073, ES = 0.32). This small, beneficial effect on the self-paced endurance cycling performance was not explained by the change in VO2max (HYPER 1.1 ± 3.8%, NORM 0.0 ± 3.7%; p = 0.55, ES = 0.08), blood volume and hemoglobin mass, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity (permeabilized fibers: HYPER 27.3 ± 46.0%, NORM 16.5 ± 49.1%; p = 0.37, ES = 3.24 and in isolated mitochondria: HYPER 26.1 ± 80.1%, NORM 15.9 ± 73.3%; p = 0.66, ES = 0.51), or markers of mitochondrial content which were similar between groups post intervention. Conclusions: This study showed that 6 weeks hyperoxic-supplemented HIIT led to marginal gain in cycle performance in already trained cyclists without change in VO2max, blood volume, hemoglobin mass, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity, or exercise efficiency. The underlying mechanisms for the potentially meaningful performance effects of hyperoxia training remain unexplained and may raise ethical questions for elite sport.
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| 4. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Att bli jurist : råd för att lyckas och trivas på juristutbildningen
- 2020
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In: Vänbok till Ulf Israelsson. - Umeå : Juridiska institutionen, Umeå universitet. - 9789178553174 ; , s. 25-41
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ulf Israelsson, mångårig studierektor, medarbetare och juridiska institutionens primus motor, vet vad som krävs för att bli en bra jurist. Ulf har, bland mycket annat, bidragit till juristutbildningens kvalitetsarbete genom att utföra enkäter med studenter som tagit examen. I enkäten som genomfördes 2018 kommenterade en tidigare student att "[d]et var 4,5 fantastiska år där jag lärde mig otroligt mycket". Det är naturligtvis tillfredställande för alla oss som undervisar på juristprogrammet när en student är nöjd med sin utbildning, men det viktiga är den senare delen av citatet. Att bli jurist kräver mycket arbete. Nio terminers hårt arbete kommer också att förändra de som börjar programmet. Vissa går så långt som att hävda att många juriststudenter upplever en intellektuell pånyttfödelse under första året på utbildningen. Det är inte möjligt att i detta sammanhang beskriva alla de utmaningar som studenter på juristprogrammet kommer att möta, men vi har identifierat tre centrala aspekter som alla juriststudenter måste förhålla sig till. Studenterna måste för det första lära sig att prata som en jurist, för det andra att arbeta som en jurist och för det tredje att hantera andra juriststudenter. Det kommer inte att vara enkelt, men vi lovar att det är värt det.
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| 5. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Bosman : a legacy beyond sports
- 2016
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In: The legacy of Bosman. - Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press. - 9789462651197 - 9789462651203 ; , s. 31-49
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 1995 Bosman case from the CJEU is one of the most famous judgments ever delivered by the Luxembourg court. It is well-known in sporting contexts, but this article takes the discussion beyond that area, demonstrating Bosman's importance in other areas of law by using network analysis. This illustrates that Bosman is an exceptional case, both in its own right and as a source of further cases, citing Bosman directly or indirectly. We also demonstrate that Bosman is primarily cited for four reasons: the jurisdiction of the CJEU in matters of preliminary rulings, the use of the fundamental freedoms against private entities, non-discriminatory obstacles on the internal market and the temporal effects of CJEU judgments. However, when analyzed further it becomes clear that the Bosman case contains few truly original contributions to EU law and largely builds on existing case law to draw important conclusions. Thus, the Court must have other reasons for citing Bosman. Given the characteristics of the case many such reasons are plausible. Bosman is well-written, well-reasoned, well-known and well-connected, making it an excellent source to use in future cases.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Characteristics of Precedent : The Case Law of the European Court of Justice in Three Dimensions
- 2015
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In: German Law Journal. - 2071-8322. ; 16:5, s. 1073-1098
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is one of the most important sources of European Union law. However, case law’s role in EU law is not uniform. By empirically studying how the Court uses its own case law as a source of law, we explore the correlation between, on the one hand, the characteristics of a CJEU case— type of action, actors involved, and area of law—and, on the other hand, the judgment’s “embeddedness” in previous case law and value as a precedent in subsequent cases. Using this approach, we test, confirm, and debunk existing scholarship concerning the role of CJEU case law as a source of EU law. We offer the following conclusions: that CJEU case law cannot be treated as a single entity; that only a limited number of factors reliably affect a judgment’s persuasive or precedential power; that the Court’s use of its own case law as a source of law is particularly limited in successful infringement proceedings; that case law is particularly important in preliminary references—especially those concerning fundamental freedoms and competition law; and that initiating Member State and the number of observations affects the behavior of the Court.
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| 9. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Coherence out of chaos : mapping European union law by running randomly through the maze of CJEU case law
- 2013
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In: Europarättslig tidskrift. - Stockholm : Institutet för europarätt. - 1403-8722 .- 2002-3561. ; :3, s. 517-535
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent research has demonstrated the ability of network analysis to better understand law. In this study we apply network analysis to the case law of the European Court of Justice (CJEU) in order understand its role as a source of law. In doing so, we apply network analysis tools not previously used in legal scholarship, most significantly (i) a modified version of the PageRank algorithm, (ii) the Map Equation, and (iii) resampling to infer “missing” links. In the article we demonstrate that this method can help us to understand not only the CJEU’s case law but law generally.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Goodbye van Gend en Loos, Hello Bosman? : Using Network Analysis to Measure the Importance of Individual CJEU Judgments
- 2014
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In: European Law Journal. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 1351-5993 .- 1468-0386. ; 20:5, s. 667-687
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is generally agreed that some judgments by the Court of Justice are more important than others, but the ability of traditional legal methods to identify such judgments is inherently limited. In this article, we apply various tools developed in network analysis to identify which judgments are the most important as legal precedents. The study reveals that certain well-known judgments, like van Gend en Loos, have limited importance as precedents, while other judgments, like Bosman, PreussenElektra and Schumacker, are likely overlooked.
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| 17. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Grundläggande EU-rätt
- 2015. - 1
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Boken är uppdelad i tre delar: Den första delen beskriver EU och EU-rätten, vad som kännetecknar EU:s rättsordning och hur unionsrätten förhåller sig till nationell rätt. Den andra delen förklarar målen för EU:s verksamhet och hur de ska uppnås. Den tredje delen behandlar EU-rätten från skrift till verklighet, det vill säga de rättsliga mekanismer och processer som garanterar EU-rättens genomslag.På ett tydligt och pedagogiskt sätt beskrivs EU-rättens innehåll, logik och systematik. Såväl individuella rättsregler som de institutioner som utvecklar och verkställer dessa regler behandlas.Grundläggande EU-rätt är i första hand tänkt att användas som en introduktion till EU-rätten på universitets- och högskoleutbildningar. Den vänder sig också till personer som i sitt arbete behöver grundläggande kunskaper i ämnet.
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| 18. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Grundläggande EU-rätt
- 2021. - 2
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Grundläggande EU-rätt är en introduktionsbok till EU-rätten och förklarar EU:s rättsordning ur tre perspektiv: konstitutionellt, institutionellt och materielrättsligt. På ett tydligt och pedagogiskt sätt beskrivs EU-rättens innehåll, logik och systematik. Såväl individuella rättsregler som de institutioner som utvecklar och verkställer dessa regler behandlas.
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| 19. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Introduction : Europarättsdagarna 2015
- 2016
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In: Europarättslig tidskrift. - 1403-8722 .- 2002-3561. ; 19:4, s. 667-668
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 20. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Is it good law? : network analysis and the CJEU's internal market jurisprudence
- 2017
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In: Journal of international economic law (Oxford). - : Oxford University Press. - 1369-3034 .- 1464-3758. ; 20:2, s. 257-277
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasing number of legal scholars have been attracted to using network analysis, particularly by the possibility of conducting large-scale studies of case law. In this article, we discuss how network analysis can provide new and important information about the law governing the European Union’s internal market by making possible the study of the entire jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), including changes over time. We apply different network centrality measurements to key CJEU internal market decisions and compare how accurately they capture the precedential and persuasive power of case law. In so doing, we reach conclusions that can be used to better understand not only the law of the internal market, but also the law of any case law-driven jurisdiction such as WTO dispute settlement or investor–state arbitration.
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| 21. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Judiciell aktivism eller prejudikatbildning? : en empirisk granskning av Högsta domstolen
- 2016
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In: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :2, s. 143-158
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ett antal kommentatorer har hävdat att Högsta domstolen under senare år intagit en ny, friare roll i förhållande till lagstiftaren. Debatten har framförallt kommit att gälla ett antal enskilda och kontroversiella domar som enligt vissa debattörer kan beskrivas som ”judiciell aktivism”. Mot bakgrund av denna debatt och utifrån ett omfattande empiriskt material studerar vi hur Högsta domstolens verksamhet utvecklats över tid. Studien bekräftar att Högsta domstolen genomgått en omfattande förändring, men att det handlar om att domstolen under längre tid utvecklats till en tydligare och aktivare prejudikatinstans, snarare än ett plötsligt utslag av judiciell aktivism.
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| 22. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Konstitutionell rätt
- 2016. - 1
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I en tid då skyddet för grundläggande rättigheter och värnet mot otillbörlig maktutövning blir allt mer aktuellt är den konstitutionella rättens betydelse för rättssystemet och rättsstaten påtaglig. De gränser som den konstitutionella rätten ställer upp för utövandet av offentlig makt ökar således i betydelse, men samtidigt blir det konstitutionellrättsliga läget allt mer komplext, inte minst på grund av europarättens inflytande.Konstitutionell rätt behandlar den konstitutionella rättens tre centrala teman:Maktdelning och andra förutsättningar för utövande av offentlig makt, skyddet för grundläggande rättigheter samt rättsligt genomdrivande av konstitutionellrättsliga normer. Utifrån dessa tre teman behandlar författarna konstitutionella bestämmelser med ursprung i svensk nationell rätt, EU-rätten och Europakonventionen om mänskliga rättigheter.Boken är anpassad för att kunna användas som lärobok på juristutbildningen, men riktar sig också till en bredare publik. Konstitutionell rätt är relevant läsning för såväl erfarna jurister som läsare som är intresserade av konstitutionella frågor mer allmänt.
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| 23. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Konstitutionell rätt
- 2020. - 2
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I turbulenta tider, då grundläggande rättigheter och begränsningar för maktutövning utmanas, ökar betydelsen av de gränser som den konstitutionella rätten ställer upp för utövandet av offentlig makt. Samtidigt blir det konstitutionellrättsliga läget allt mer komplext, inte minst på grund av europarättens inflytande.Konstitutionell rätt behandlar den konstitutionella rättens tre centrala teman: maktdelning och andra förutsättningar för utövande av offentlig makt, skyddet för grundläggande rättigheter samt rättsligt genomdrivande av konstitutionellrättsliga normer. Utifrån dessa tre teman behandlar författarna konstitutionella bestämmelser med ursprung i svensk nationell rätt, EU-rätten och Europakonventionen om mänskliga rättigheter.Boken är anpassad för att kunna användas som lärobok på juristutbildningen, men riktar sig också till en bredare publik. Konstitutionell rätt är relevant läsning för såväl erfarna jurister som läsare som är intresserade av konstitutionella frågor mer allmänt. Denna andra upplaga är påtagligt omarbetad och utvidgad.
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| 24. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Mickelsson: två män på vattenskoter vänder upp-och-ner på fri rörlighet för varor
- 2009
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In: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; 94:10, s. 1072-1086
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- EG-domstolen avkunnade nyligen dom i Mickelsson, ett mål som gällde begränsningar av bruket av vattenskotrar i svenska vatten. Domen i Mickelsson belyser en föga diskuterad dimension av den redan komplicerade frågan om hur principen om fri rörlighet ska tillämpas och, närmare bestämt, vad som utgör en sådan åtgärd med motsvarande verkan som en kvantitativ restriktion (ÅMV) vilken är förbjuden enligt artikel 28 EG. Brukanderegler av det slag som behandlades i Mickelsson passar inte den traditionella uppdelningen i produktregler och försäljningsåtgärder som EG-domstolen etablerade i Keck. Denna artikel undersöker EG-domstolens praxis kring brukanderegler med utgångspunkt i Mickelsson och det relaterade målet mellankommissionen och Italien. Dessa domar klargör hur brukandereglers förenlighetmed artikel 28 EG ska bedömas. Genom domarna har dock EG-domstolen även tagit ett viktigt steg mot en förenklad tillämpning av artikel 28 i allmänhet.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Peek-a-boo, it’s a case law system! : Comparing the european court of justice and the United States supreme court from a network perspective
- 2017
-
In: German Law Journal. - 2071-8322. ; 18:3, s. 647-686
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) have had an immense impact on development of European Union law, and this has raised a critical discussion about how the CJEU establishes and uses case law. Through a comparison with the United States Supreme Court (USSC) and network analysis, this article argues that much of the criticism is based on false expectations as to the nature of the CJEU. We argue that the Court of Justice must be understood as a precedent-driven constitutional court and that, if we take that as our starting point, its approach to case law is quite reasonable.
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| 27. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Perspektiv på prejudikat : En empirisk undersökning av tingsrätternas bruk av Högsta domstolens rättspraxis i tvistemål
- 2019
-
In: Svensk Juristtidning. - Stockholm. - 0039-6591. ; :8, s. 751-772
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Betydelsen av HD:s avgöranden som prejudikat har rönt allt större uppmärksamhet, främst med fokus på hur HD själv ser på sin rättspraxis. Denna artikel kompletterar diskussionen genom att undersöka tingsrätternas bruk av prejudikat. Artikeln visar att endast en relativt liten andel av HD:s avgöranden används aktivt i tingsrätterna och att överlappningen mellan de avgöranden som används av tingsrätterna och de som används av HD själv är ytterst begränsad. En möjlig förklaring är att HD i hög grad prövar frågor som mycket sällan uppkommer i tingsrätterna. Detta är inte nödvändigtvis problematiskt, men motiverar en diskussion om hur HD bäst kan leda rättstillämpningen.
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| 28. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Serving two masters : CJEU case law in Swedish first instance courts and national courts of precedent as gatekeepers
- 2018
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In: The Court of Justice of the European Union. - Oxford : Hart Publishing Ltd. - 9781509919086 - 9781509919109 - 9781509919093 ; , s. 79-99
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The paper seeks to determine to what extent lower national courts are influenced by higher national courts in their application of CJEU case law. In doing so, we study and compare references to CJEU case law in the jurisprudence of Swedish courts of first instance and courts of precedent. We find that Swedish courts of first instance generally speaking identify and apply relevant CJEU case law independent of whether this has been dealt with by Swedish CoP or not. However, when these courts find and cite a Swedish court of precedent decision concerning an issue relating to EU law, they do not consistely consider relevant CJEU case law.
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| 29. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Three Ideas : The Scope of EU Law Protecting Against Discrimination
- 2012
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In: Festskrift till Pär Hallström. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 9789176788134 ; , s. 77-100
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The issue of when EU law applies, its scope, is obviously important and yet it has no clear answer. Two extreme positions are that EU law has a general scope, which it does not, and that all EU law provisions have different scopes, which clarifies nothing. This article explores the middle ground by seeking to identify underlying ideas capable of explaining when different EU law provisions apply on the national level and why seemingly similar provisions differ in scope. The article studies under what conditions an individual seeking protection against discrimination can invoke EU law on the national level and concludes that EU law provisions preventing discrimination differ greatly in scope but that such differences can be explained by the fact that they are based on different ideas: the idea of the internal market, the idea of actor equivalence, or the idea of a Europe without borders.
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| 30. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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What happened to the revolution? : one decade with Trailers and MEQRs
- 2019
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In: Festskrift till Örjan Edström. - Umeå : Department of Law, Umeå University. - 9789178550784 ; , s. 91-108
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In 2009 the CJEU delivered its judgment in the so-called Trailers case, offering a new perspective on the enigmatic ban on measures having an equivalent effect to a quantitative restrictions (MEQRs). Trailers was a positive, even necessary, development in an area fraught with complications but it left many questions as to the future direction of the CJEU. One decade on, and after several notable judgments, we are now in a position to return to those questions. This contribution explores the impact of Trailers and the relevance today of seminal MEQR decisions like Dassonville, Keck and Cassis de Dijon.
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| 31. |
- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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You’re Gonna Miss Me When I’m Gone! : The Impact of Brexit on Member States’ Contribution to the Case Law of the CJEU
- 2019
-
In: Europarättslig tidskrift. - Stockholm : Europarättslig Tidskrift. - 1403-8722 .- 2002-3561. ; :3, s. 381-395
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Brexit is scheduled to happen on October 31, 2019, and researchers have previously studied the impact of Brexit on relationships in the EU’s political institutions. This paper studies how Brexit might affect Member States’ interactions with the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and, more specifically, when they seek to influence the Court by submitting observations. The Untied Kingdom has consistently been a comparatively active Member State, submitting many observations. The paper introduces and employs a novel approach, studying what we call "mentions" in CJEU decisions, to measure position similarity in Member States' observations and to identify the UK's "allies" before the CJEU. The paper concludes the loss of the UK will be felt in particular in Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and in the Nordic countries.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Groussot, Xavier, et al.
(author)
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General principles : taking rights seriously and waving the rule-of-law stick in the European Union
- 2022
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In: Research handbook on general principles in EU law. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784712372 - 9781784712389 ; , s. 308-326
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the doctrinal debate on general principles mainly centred on the study of the protection and development of individual rights (the rights-principles debate). In essence, this debate is similar to the study of general principles qua EU fundamental rights. Yet, with the impulse of Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), it has now moved to a debate on the use of general principles by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) to apply and enforce the rule of law in the European Union (the rule of law-principles debate). What is the relationship, if any, between the rights-principles debate and the rule of law-principles debate? The aim of this Chapter is to show the evolution of the debate on general principles; to understand the intrinsic reasons of this shift; and to display its consequences for the theory on general principles and for the EU legal order. Section II looks at the relationship between the general principles and the rule of law, Section III focuses on the analysis of the general principles qua fundamental rights. Section IV focuses on the analysis of the general principles qua rule of law. Section V draws the consequences of the existence of a 'Dworkinian administration' on the doctrine of general principles. Section VI is the conclusion.
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| 35. |
- Hultgren, Peter, 1986-
(author)
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Fel i tjänst : om felbedömning och påföljdsbestämning vid avtal om tjänster i oreglerade fall
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fel i tjänst är på grund av tjänsternas olikartade natur ett mycket brett ämne. Då majoriteten av tjänsterna som tillhandahålls på den svenska marknaden inte omfattas av reglering har ämnet vidare ett naturligt samband med metodfrågor om avtalsutfyllning med analogier och allmänna rättsgrundsatser. Det skulle kunna sägas gå en skiljelinje mellan de reglerade och de oreglerade tjänsterna avseende de metodologiska utgångspunkter som är nödvändiga att ta vid tvistlösning och behovet av forskning gör sig framförallt gällande på den sida av denna skiljelinje som de oreglerade fallen befinner sig. Detta är således en avhandling om felbedömning och påföljdsbestämning vid oreglerade tjänster.Studien är uppdelad i två delsyften. I det första delsyftet granskas Högsta domstolens utfyllande verksamhet och vidare behandlas frågan om hur utfyllning av avtal bör motiveras. I det andra delsyftet analyseras en modell för att avgöra när fel i tjänst föreligger vid oreglerade tjänster och därtill det allmänna påföljdssystemet samt förutsättningarna för de respektive påföljdernas tillämpning vid fel i oreglerade tjänster.Avhandlingen riktar sig i första hand till jurister med ett särskilt intresse för förmögenhetsrätt, lagstiftare och rättstillämpare som kommer i kontakt med frågor om avtalsutfyllning genom analogier och allmänna rättsgrundsatser i allmänhet eller felbedömning och påföljdsbestämning vid oreglerade tjänster i synnerhet.
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| 36. |
- Hultqvist, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Introduction
- 2023
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In: The power to tax in Europe. - Oxford; London; New York; New Delhi; Sydney : Hart Publishing Ltd. - 9781509964017 - 9781509964048 - 9781509964031 ; , s. 1-2
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 37. |
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Jubileumsskrift till Juridiska institutionen 40 år
- 2017
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Juridiska institutionen vid Umeå universitet bildades år 1977. Med anledning av 40-årsfirandet presenteras i denna jubileumsskrift 20 bidrag skrivna av 33 forskare och lärare verksamma vid institutionen. Både juristprogrammet och den forskning som bedrivs vid institutionen har med tiden blivit fast etablerade som en del av de svenska universiteten. Forskningen har i takt med internationaliseringen utvecklats och många forskare är etablerade både på nationell och internationell nivå. De olika bidragen speglar undervisning och forskning vid institutionen. De handlar såväl om juristprogrammets etablering och utveckling som olika aktuella projekt och forskningsområden som utvecklats vid institutionen.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lindholm, Johan, Professor of Law, 1977-
(author)
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A global take on legal aspects of fantasy sports
- 2021
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In: International Sports Law Journal. - : Springer. - 1567-7559 .- 2213-5154. ; 21:3, s. 119-120
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Lindholm, Johan, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Article 28 E.C. and rules on use : A step towards a workable doctrine on measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions
- 2010
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In: The Columbia journal of European law. - New York : Parker School of Foreign and Comparative Law. - 1076-6715. ; 16:1, s. 191-231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In June 2009 the European Court of Justice (E.C.J.) decided the Mickelsson case (C-142/05). Mickelsson concerns the application of the (in)famous Article 28 E.C. prohibiting practical obstacles to the free movement of goods within the European Union. The meaning of Article 28 is notoriously vague and has given rise to extensive case law. Mickelsson brings attention to a little discussed dimension of Article 28 E.C.: the fact that rules on use (i.e. national measures regulating how, when, and by whom goods can be used) can constitute practical obstacles to trade (so called MEQRs—measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions). Rules on use do not fit the conventional concepts and principles established in the case law of the E.C.J. In this Article we examine the application of Article 28 on rules on use, but we also discuss the implications of this development for the free movement of goods in general. We argue that the recent decisions handed down by the E.C.J. have three distinct advantages over previous case law on MEQRs. Firstly, the Court of Justice has approached the concept of MEQRs broadly, thus managing to accommodate national measures that do not easily fit the traditional categories employed in relation to Article 28. Secondly, the Court’s approach is pragmatic and allows for the relatively simple identification of obvious breaches while providing a more nuanced approach based on market access for “hard cases.” Finally, the new approach improves upon existing case law without discarding workable elements established previously. While many questions remain unanswered, we argue that the Court’s recent case law on rules on use is a clear and much needed step in the right direction towards a workable doctrine of MEQRs, not only for rules on use but for the entire field of free movement of goods.
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| 42. |
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| 45. |
- Lindholm, Johan, 1977-
(author)
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Can I Please Have a Slice of Ronaldo? : The Legality of FIFA's ban on Third-Party Ownership under European Union Law
- 2016
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In: The International Sports Law Journal. - : Springer. - 1567-7559 .- 2213-5154. ; 15:3-4, s. 137-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trading football players is a massive, global business where several single trades have brought in more than $100 million in transfer fees. This has brought about a business practice where third-party investors provide or receive a share of the transfer fees, so-called third-party ownership. However, effective May 1, 2015, FIFA has imposed a worldwide ban on this practice. In the face of already-initiated legal challenges, this article considers whether the ban is compatible with European Union law. It finds that the ban violates both free movement rights and competition law and that FIFA would be well-served to consider a less restrictive measure.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Lindholm, Johan, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08 FA Premier League Ltd and Others v QC Leisure and Others; and Karen Murphy v Media Protection Services Ltd, 4 Oct 2011
- 2013
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In: Leading Cases in Sports Law. - Haag : T.M.C. Asser Press. - 9789067049085 ; , s. 271-286
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The FA Premier League (“FAPL”) runs the Premier League, the leading professional football league competition for football clubs in England. FAPL’s activities include commercially exploiting the associated broadcasting rights. In maximising the value of the broadcasting rights to its members (the clubs) FAPL grants licences in respect of these rights for live transmission, on a territorial basis and for three-year terms. Rights are awarded to broadcasters under an open competitive tender procedure which begins with the invitation to tenderers to submit bids on a global, regional or territorial basis. Demand then determines the territorial basis on which FAPL sells its international rights. However, as a rule, that basis is national since there is only a limited demand from bidders for global or pan-European rights, given that broadcasters usually operate on a territorial basis and serve the domestic market either in their own country or in a small cluster of neighbouring countries with a common language. Where a bidder wins, for an area, a package of broadcasting rights for the live transmission of Premier League matches, it is granted the exclusive right to broadcast them in that area. This is necessary, according to FAPL, in order to realise the optimum commercial value of all of the rights, broadcasters being prepared to pay a premium to acquire that exclusivity as it allows them to differentiate their services from those of their rivals and therefore enhances their ability to generate revenue. In order to protect the territorial exclusivity of all broadcasters, they each undertake, in their licence agreement with FAPL, to prevent the public from receiving their broadcasts outside the area for which they hold the licence. This requires, first, each broadcaster to ensure that all of its broadcasts capable of being received outside that territory – in particular those transmitted by satellite – are encrypted securely and cannot be received in unencrypted form. Second, broadcasters must ensure that no device is knowingly authorised so as to permit anyone to view their transmissions outside the territory concerned. Therefore, broadcasters are in particular prohibited from supplying decoding devices that allow their broadcasts to be decrypted for the purpose of being used outside the territory for which they hold the licence. In Greece, at the material time, the holder of the sub-licence to broadcast Premier League matches was NetMed Hellas, who broadcasted matches via a NOVA satellite package. Every subscriber, private or commercial, to the package had to be able to provide a name, a Greek address and a Greek telephone number. Subscriptions can be taken out for private or commercial purposes. In the UK, at the material time, the licensee for live Premier League broadcasting was BSkyB Ltd. Where a natural or legal person wished to screen Premier League matches in the UK, they must take out a commercial subscription. In the UK, certain restaurants and bars began to use foreign decoding devices to access Premier League matches. They would by a card and decoder box from a dealer which would allow them to receive a satellite channel broadcast in another Member State, such as the NOVA channels, the subscription to which was considerably less expensive than BSkyB Ltd’s subscription. FAPL took the view that such activities were harmful to its interests because they undermined the exclusivity of the rights granted by licence in a given territory and hence the value of those rights. Consequently, FAPL and others brought, in Case C-403/08, what they consider to be three test cases before the High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Chancery Division. Two of the actions were against suppliers (QC Leisure, AV Station etc) to public houses of equipment and satellite decoder cards that enabled the reception of programmes of foreign broadcasters, including NOVA. The third action was brought against the operators of four public houses that screened live Premier League matches by using a foreign decoding device. In short, the FAPL alleged that infringements of their intellectual property rights had occurred through the (mis)use of “pirated” decoder cards. The thrust of the defence was that the proceedings were unfounded because the decoder cards in question were not in any way “pirated” but were in fact issued and placed upon the market, in another Member State, by the relevant satellite broadcaster. In Case C‑429/08, Ms Murphy, the manager of a public house in Portsmouth, procured a NOVA decoder card to screen Premier League matches. Agents from Media Protection Services Ltd (“MPS”), a body mandated by FAPL to conduct a campaign of prosecutions against public house managers using foreign decoding devices, found that Ms Murphy was receiving, in her public house, broadcasts of Premier League matches transmitted by NOVA. Consequently, MPS brought Ms Murphy before Portsmouth Magistrates’ Court, which convicted her of two offences under section 297(1) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act on the ground that she had dishonestly received a programme included in a broadcasting service provided from a place in the United Kingdom with intent to avoid payment of any charge applicable to the reception of the programme. After Portsmouth Crown Court had essentially dismissed her appeal, Ms Murphy brought an appeal by way of case stated before the High Court of Justice, taking a position similar to that adopted by QC Leisure and others. In both proceedings the High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Chancery Division, decided to stay proceedings and to refer a series of questions to the CJEU for preliminary ruling. By order of the President of the CJEU of 3 December 2008, Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08 were joined for the purposes of the written and oral procedure and the judgment. The judgment of the CJEU (Grand Chamber) was delivered on 4 October 2011. The referred questions, the ruling of the CJEU and its implications are discussed below.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lindholm, Johan, 1977-
(author)
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Does Legislating Against Doping in Sports Make Sense? Comparing Sweden and the U.S. Suggests Not
- 2013
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In: Virginia Sports and Entertainment Law Journal. - 1556-9799. ; 13:1, s. 21-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Both policy makers and sport stakeholders have fought against doping since the 1960’s but largely separately from each other. In light of recent events, political discussion, and academic debate, this article considers the expediency of using legislation to fight doping in sports. Building upon and comparing experiences in the U.S. and in Sweden, this article concludes that increased governmental involvement is undesirable from both the policy makers’ and the sport stakeholders’ perspectives. The reasons for this conclusion are, primarily, (i) that they are driven by different aims, (ii) that they differ in what they consider doping, (iii) that policy makers may push rules in sports in an unwanted direction, (iv) that expanded government involvement increases the likelihood of fundamental rights challenges to sport rules, and (v) that there are alternative ways of enhancing existing rules’ efficiency.
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