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| 4. |
- Ahlbeck Bergendahl, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2016 : Resursöversikt
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES).De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten omfattar 41 fiskarter uppdelade i olika bestånd, samt sju skal- och blötdjursarter.Nytt för årets upplaga är kapitlet om ekosystemtjänster. Avsnittet beskriver de fördelar människan får genom ekosystemen, till exempel hur fisk och skaldjur kommer till nytta för människan genom föda, rekreation och biologisk mångfald. Nytt för i år är också att rapportens diagram och figurer anpassats för läsare med defekt färgseende.Översikten är utarbetad av SLU Aqua på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten.
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| 6. |
- Ahlbeck Bergendahl, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2017 : Resursöversikt
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES).De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten omfattar 41 fiskarter och sju skaldjursarter.Nytt för i år är att vi även beskriver fritidsfisket mer utförligt. Det fisket får allt större betydelse för utvecklingen av många av Sveriges bestånd av fisk- och skaldjur, till exempel sötvattens- och kustlevande arter som abborre, gädda, gös, lax, röding och öring, liksom marina arter som torsk och hummerÖversikten är utarbetad av SLU Aqua på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten.
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- Arefalk, Gabriel, et al.
(author)
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Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) and Risk of Heart Failure of Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Origin: a Pooled Analysis of Eight Prospective Cohort Studies
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BackgroundSnus, a Swedish type of smokeless tobacco, has potent acute hemodynamic effects, which could provoke stress on the cardiovascular system, including the myocardium. Snus has, however, not been linked to risk of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that snus use increases the risk for heart failure of non-ischemic origin.MethodsWe conducted a pooled analysis of eight Swedish prospective cohort studies involving individual participant data from 350,711 men. Shared frailty models with random effects at the cohort level, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of heart failure in relation to snus use. We investigated dose-response associations, and association with ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure in separate. For positive control purposes, we also investigated associations between smoking and risk of heart failure.ResultsDuring a median follow-up time of 16 years, 5,404 men were hospitalized for heart failure. In models adjusting for age, smoking, previous myocardial infarction and educational level, current snus use was associated with a higher risk of heart failure (HR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.07-1.50), relative to non-current snus use. A dose-response pattern was observed, with higher risk with more snus cans used per week. We observed an association of snus use with non-ischemic heart failure, HR 1.34 (95 % CI 1.11-1.63), but not with ischemic heart failure, HR 1.01 (95 % CI 0.72-1.42). Smoking was more strongly associated with heart failure, particularly of ischemic origin, than snus use.ConclusionsSnus use was associated with a modestly increased risk for heart failure of non-ischemic origin in a dose-response manner. This finding has public health implications for the risk assessment of snus use, and potentially other modes of smokeless use of nicotine.
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| 10. |
- Brolund, Johan
(author)
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Policy induced technological change : Productivity and innovation effects in biomass-using industry and energy generation
- 2016
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the impact of public environmental policy on technological change in the biomass-using industry and energy generation. The thesis contains an introductory part followed by the empirical investigation which is divided into two self-contained articles.One of the determinants of technological change is research and innovative activities. Article I studies whether renewable energy support schemes directed towards the production and usage of bioenergy have affected innovation with respect to bioenergy technology. A negative binominal count data model is employed analysing a panel consisting of 14 OECD countries over the years 1978–2009. As a proxy for innovation, bioenergy patents counts are used as the dependent variable explained by a set of policy variables as well as other determinants of innovation. The renewable energy policies investigated are feedin tariffs (FIT), renewable energy certificates (REC) and public investment support schemes. The results indicate that feed-in tariffs have had a positive impact on innovation but renewable energy certificates have not. The result regarding investment support schemes is ambiguous since the dummy variable representing strong investment policies was statistically significant whereas the continuous variable for investment support schemes was not. Furthermore, the regressions suggest that market factors such as total energy consumption and electricity prices are important drivers of innovation within bioenergy technology.A concept sometimes used in order to empirically investigate technological change is productivity. Article II aims to disentangle whether environmental regulation has affected the productivity development in the pulp and paper industry through its impact on technological change. A dynamic panel data approach is selected analysing a sample consisting of the pulp and paper industry in eight European countries. Industry total factor productivity for the period 1993–2009 is used as the dependent variable and is explained by the intensity of environmental regulation and a number of other determinants of productivity. The results indicate that regulation of nitrogen oxides is associated with productivity improvements with a one-year lag, whereas regulations regarding sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide have not had any statistically significant impact. However, since increased regulation, as displayed by the chosen proxy, not only mirrors environmental regulation stringency, but also investments in new capital and learning which coincide with lower emissions, the positive result does not per see imply that the maximum growth has been reached. The results could therefore not be viewed as a proof of the so-called strong Porter hypothesis which postulates that stringent well-designed environmental regulations increase productivity growth compared to a no-policy scenario.
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| 11. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2019 : Resursöversikt
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fisken i havet är en resurs som rör sig fritt över nationella gränser. EU har därför en gemensam fiskeripolitik (GFP). Många arter som är viktiga för Sverige regleras inte i GFP och förvaltas därför nationellt.Denna rapport syftar till att:beskriva utvecklingen av fiskeripolitikenförklara den nuvarande politikens mål och regelverk och dess relation till mål och regler på miljöområdetförklara politikens nationella genomförande och det nationella handlingsutrymmetexemplifiera hur Havs- och vattenmyndigheten arbetat med att reglera fisket.
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| 15. |
- Hakalehto, E., et al.
(author)
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Some remarks on processing of slaughterhouse wastes from ecological chicken abattoir and farm
- 2016
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In: Microbiological Industrial Hygiene. - : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781634852937 - 9781634852685 ; , s. 271-293
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the meat industries, it is always of high importance to follow up the zoonotic and other hazardous micro-organisms, and to prevent their risky distribution, emission and dissemination. Besides proper hygiene control, as well as organized exploitation of the side streams and slaughterhouse wastes helps in the hygienization of the biomasses, processes, and the entire industry. During this experimentation it turned out that it was possible to produce gases and chemical goods, not only from the carboxylates, but also from the more tedious protein and lipid containing wastes. Moreover, these promising results were obtained from a substrate mix with manure and wood chips. These results implied to the high versatility and flexibility of the bioprocess during Pilot A tests within the European Union Baltic Sea region project ABOWE. In Sweden these tests were carried out using the combined wastes from the ecological chicken farm and abattoir as the raw materials. This is a report of the practical set up during intensive experimentation conducted jointly by the Swedish and Finnish personnel. The report of the runs in Sweden is presented also in the public report of the European Union funded project (www.abowe.eu).
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| 16. |
- Hansson, Göran, 1936-
(author)
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Såld spannmål av kyrkotionden : Priser i Östergötland under Sveriges stormaktstid
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis presents annual price series for rye and barley in Östergötland during the period 1592-1735. Prices of wheat, oats, animal products, building materials, iron, nails, horse shoes and horse shoe nails from about the mid-17th century up to 1735 are also presented and analysed. New data has been excerpted from four hospitals and about fifty parishes in Östergötland. Prices from other provinces have also been excerpted for the study. This nes data is compared to already published prices from Sweden´s capital and from several provinces in central parts of the western national region of Sweden of that time. This area constituted Sweden´s core region. By linking the studies results to previous research, a description is made of the price developments for rye, butter and tallow up to 1775, that is, during Sweden´s period of great power and age of freedom. A principal result for the roughly 150 years primarily covered by the thesis is that it was chiefly the prices of rye and barley, the most important food at the time, that fluctuated in twelve cycles. Periodically there were large fluctuatons. The price cycles for corn (half rye, half barley) had an average amplitude of somewhat more than 100 % and a duration of 11 years on average. The prices were on average higher further north in the country. The causes of the price fluctuations are complex. During the major part of the period studied, Sweden was at war or in armistice period, which occupied a large part of the male population. Politically, increasingly great power was gradually concentrated to the king and autocracy was introduced, culminating at the end of Charles XII´s regency. The peasantry was burdened by high taxes and other onuses. After the middle of the 17th century the country was no longer self-subsistent but largely dependent on corn import. The production of foddstuffs decreased, partly through a smaller part of the country´s resources beeing used for production, and partly due to bad harvests. Recurrent epidemics reduced the population even up to the early 18th century.
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| 17. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(author)
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Historieintresse och historieundervisning : Elevers och lärares uppfattning om historieämnet
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis studies teachers’ and students’ conceptions of history and history teaching and aims to explain the importance of an interest in history among teachers and students of the subject. Research on teachers’ conceptions (e.g. Martin 2005) shows that the didactical question “Why?” influences the “How?” and “Why?” questions and that teachers’ thinking about their own practice is mainly influenced by their background and their experiences from teaching. Research on students’ opinions (e.g. Youth and History, 1997) shows that they enjoy history shown in films, that they appreciate museums, and that the preferred topic is 20th century history. In this thesis learning is envisaged as something individual but it is the learners’ social context that defines what is important, meaningful and interesting to learn. The research methods consist of a survey study concerning the pupils’ attitudes towards history and history education, and an interview study with their teachers about their teaching and their opinions about history in general. Nine teachers and their 217 pupils participated.It is mainly topics from 20th century that are described as interesting by both students and teachers. The teachers had different views on the didactical whyquestion, which they described either as student oriented or subject oriented. Their views on why history is important influenced their teaching methods. The student oriented teachers stated that their pupils’ needs and wishes affect their methods while the subject oriented teachers said that they give varying lessons, and have a more student active teaching, but decide for themselves what teaching methods are to be used. The subject matter is influenced by the teachers’ personal interest in history, in most cases a Eurocentric political history. This choice of content, and the teachers own interest, are explained by the historical culture of Swedish society rather than the curriculum. The teachers state that exciting stories and dramatic events related in books or films were, and still are, important to their interest in history. Their individual interpretation of what is important and meaningful in their historical culture influences teachers’ personal interest, their knowledge, and the content of their history teaching. The students’ attitudes to history are also influenced by various factors, of which history education at school is merely one.
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| 18. |
- Jernberg, T., et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Effects of Oxygen Therapy on Death or Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients With Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
- 2018
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In: Circulation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 138:24, s. 2754-2762
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the DETO2X-AMI trial (Determination of the Role of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction), we compared supplemental oxygen with ambient air in normoxemic patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction and found no significant survival benefit at 1 year. However, important secondary end points were not yet available. We now report the prespecified secondary end points cardiovascular death and the composite of all-cause death and hospitalization for heart failure. METHODS: In this pragmatic, registry-based randomized clinical trial, we used a nationwide quality registry for coronary care for trial procedures and evaluated end points through the Swedish population registry (mortality), the Swedish inpatient registry (heart failure), and cause of death registry (cardiovascular death). Patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction and oxygen saturation of >= 90% were randomly assigned to receive either supplemental oxygen at 6 L/min for 6 to 12 hours delivered by open face mask or ambient air. RESULTS: A total of 6629 patients were enrolled. Acute heart failure treatment, left ventricular systolic function assessed by echocardiography, and infarct size measured by high-sensitive cardiac troponin T were similar in the 2 groups during the hospitalization period. All-cause death or hospitalization for heart failure within 1 year after randomization occurred in 8.0% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 7.9% of patients assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84-1.18; P=0.92). During long-term follow-up (median [range], 2.1 [1.0-3.7] years), the composite end point occurred in 11.2% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 10.8% of patients assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.88-1.17; P=0.84), and cardiovascular death occurred in 5.2% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 4.8% assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87-1.33; P=0.52). The results were consistent across all predefined subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of supplemental oxygen in normoxemic patients with suspected myocardial infarction was not found to reduce the composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure, or cardiovascular death within 1 year or during long-term follow-up.
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| 19. |
- Jernberg, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Effects of Oxygen Therapy on Death or Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients With Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
- 2018
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In: Circulation. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 138:24, s. 2754-2762
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In the DETO2X-AMI trial (Determination of the Role of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction), we compared supplemental oxygen with ambient air in normoxemic patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction and found no significant survival benefit at 1 year. However, important secondary end points were not yet available. We now report the prespecified secondary end points cardiovascular death and the composite of all-cause death and hospitalization for heart failure.Methods: In this pragmatic, registry-based randomized clinical trial, we used a nationwide quality registry for coronary care for trial procedures and evaluated end points through the Swedish population registry (mortality), the Swedish inpatient registry (heart failure), and cause of death registry (cardiovascular death). Patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction and oxygen saturation of ≥90% were randomly assigned to receive either supplemental oxygen at 6 L/min for 6 to 12 hours delivered by open face mask or ambient air.Results: A total of 6629 patients were enrolled. Acute heart failure treatment, left ventricular systolic function assessed by echocardiography, and infarct size measured by high-sensitive cardiac troponin T were similar in the 2 groups during the hospitalization period. All-cause death or hospitalization for heart failure within 1 year after randomization occurred in 8.0% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 7.9% of patients assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84–1.18; P=0.92). During long-term follow-up (median [range], 2.1 [1.0–3.7] years), the composite end point occurred in 11.2% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 10.8% of patients assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.88–1.17; P=0.84), and cardiovascular death occurred in 5.2% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 4.8% assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87–1.33; P=0.52). The results were consistent across all predefined subgroups.Conclusions: Routine use of supplemental oxygen in normoxemic patients with suspected myocardial infarction was not found to reduce the composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure, or cardiovascular death within 1 year or during long-term follow-up.Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01787110.
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| 20. |
- Klintenberg, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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INVESTMENT MEMO ABOWE PILOT A SWEDEN
- 2015
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This report was compiled by the ABOWE project (Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste) funded by the EU Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2013. This report presentsresults and information of relevance for the up-scaling of the Finnoflag biorefinery technology, piloted in Finland, Poland and Sweden, to support investment decisions towards full-scale implementation.The piloting of the technology done by the ABOWE project provides valuable information and a step forward regarding the technology. The next step, after the pilot phase, would be to construct a full-scalede monstration plant to showcase the potential of the technology to potential commercial investorsor implementers. The bioprocess will need to be further designedand optimized through longer testing with selected waste materials to produce targeted products. This will all0w for full-scaleoperationsand further feasibility analysis. This falls beyond the scope of the ABOWE project. This report forms the basis of an investment memo that provides decision support topossible implementers and investors that are interested in taking the lead in the development of the technology further to a full-scale demo plant.
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| 21. |
- Klintenberg, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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INVESTMENT MEMO ABOWE PILOT B SWEDEN
- 2014
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This report is one output of ABOWE project (Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste), which belongs to EU Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2013. ABOWE works with two promising technologies to unlock investments. Two mobile pilot plants have been built and will be tested in several Baltic Sea regions. These pilots are based on a novel biorefinery concept from Finnoflag Oy, Finland, known as Pilot A as well as a German dry fermentation process, known as Pilot B. The pilots form the basis for compilation of Investment Memos and organizing Investor Events. Also a regional model is used to evaluate the new processes’ economic and climatic impacts in each region. The desired outcome from ABOWE is implementer/investor driven continuation projects targeting full-scaleplant investments of the two technologies.The purpose of ABOWE Work Package 2 is to gather and communicate information from many aspects of technologies which are piloted with Pilot A and Pilot B to support investment decisions for full scale plants. In practice, a demo full scaleplant would be needed in order to convince the commercial investors and implementers to full scale plants. This means that ABOWE provides with profound information and a step forward regarding the two technologies. After ABOWE, the technology will need development for full-scale, and the feasibility will need further analysis. An implementer and investor should be found to conduct development further towards full-scale demo plant.
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| 22. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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An evaluation of two different exercis regimes during the first year following stroke : a randomised controlled trail
- 2009
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In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 25:2, s. 55-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of two different exercise approaches during the first 12 months post stroke on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), motor function, gait performance, balance, grip strength, and muscle tone. This study is a double-blind longitudinal randomised trial of first-time-ever stroke patients. Seventy-five patients were included: 35 in an intervention group and 40 in a self-initiated exercise group. After discharge from acute rehabilitation, patients assigned in the intervention group had physiotherapy for a minimum amount of 80 hours during the first year. Patients in the self-initiated exercise group were not recommended any specific therapy besides treatment when needed. Main outcome measures were Instrumental Activities of Daily Living according to Fillenbaum, Motor Assessment Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go Test, grip strength, Modified Ashworth Scale, and pulse monitoring. The patients were tested on admission, at discharge, and after 3, 6, and 12 months post stroke by an experienced investigator, blinded to group assignment. Twelve months post stroke showed higher levels of independence in all items of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Test and improvements in the results of Motor Assessment Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go, and grip strength in both groups. Only a few significant differences were seen between groups, and they were in favour of the self-initiated exercise group (e.g., ability to use the telephone independently). Attending examination sessions following each intervention phase appeared to be strong motivators for training, irrespective of group allocation.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Baseline walking ability as an indicator of overall walking ability and ADL at 3, 6, and 12 months after acute stroke
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Physiotherapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2167-9169 .- 2167-9177. ; 24:5, s. 311-319
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To evaluate to what extent baseline walking ability was predictive of activity levels and if categorising into groups of ability or capacity was equally informative. Methods The data were collected from a randomised controlled study where the results were neutral. The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00311025. The sample (n = 75) was divided at baseline into two models of sub-groups, one related to ability based on the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), the other to capacity based on maximal gait speed: <= 0.4, 0.5 - 0.8 and >= 0.8 m/s. Outcome measures used were 6-min Walk-Test, Motor assessment Scale 5 and Barthel Index (BI). Tests were performed baseline on admission, at discharge, 3, 6, and 12 months post debut. Results Both models of walking, ability (FAC) or capacity (gait speed) were significant contributors to BI independence at 3, 6, and 12 months. The capacity model was explanatory for the independence of ADL function with 58, 49, and 54%, respectively, and the ability model was slightly less explanatory with a prediction of 56, 49, and 44%, respectively. Conclusion Baseline walking ability is predictive for independence in ADL, and a quantitative evaluation may be preferable for accuracy.
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| 25. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Exercise and health-related quality of life during the first year following acute stroke : A randomized controlled trial
- 2008
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In: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 22:2, s. 135-145
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the impact of two different physiotherapy exercise regimes in patients after acute stroke on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to investigate how the degree of motor and balance function, gait capacity, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living influenced HRQoL. Methods: A longitudinal randomized controlled stratified trial of two interventions: the intensive exercise groups with scheduled intensive training during four periods of the first year after stroke and the regular exercise group with self-initiated training. Results: There was a tendency of better HRQoL in the regular exercise group on NHP total score (p = 0.05). Patients with low scores in activities of daily living, balance and motor function and inability to perform 6-minute walk test on admission, scored lower on self-perceived health than patients with high scores and ability to perform the walking test. At 1 year post-stroke, total scores on NHP were moderately associated with motor function (r = -0.63), balance (r = -0.56), gait (r = -0.57), activities of daily living (r = -0.57) and instrumental activities of daily living (r = -0.49-0.58). The physical mobility sub-scale of NHP had the strongest association ranging from r = -0.47-0.82. Conclusion: The regular exercise group with self-initiated training seemed to enhance HRQoL more than the intensive exercise group with scheduled intensive training. The degree of motor function, balance, walking capacity and independence in activities of daily living is of importance for perceived HRQoL.
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| 26. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Physiotherapy and physical functioning post-stroke : Exercise habits and functioning 4 years later? Long-term follow-up after a 1-year long-term intervention period: A randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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In: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 28:11, s. 1396-1405
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Physical activity is mandatory if patients are to remain healthy and independent after stroke. Objective: Maintenance of motor function, tone, grip strength, balance, mobility, gait, independence in personal and instrumental activities of daily living, health-related quality-of-life and an active lifestyle 4 years post-stroke. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Results: Four years post-stroke, 37 of the 75 participating persons were eligible for follow-up; 19 (54.3%) from the intensive exercise group and 18 (45%) from the regular exercise group. Both groups were performing equally well with no significant differences in total scores on the BI (p=0.3), MAS (p=0.4), BBS (p=0.1), TUG (p=0.08), 6MWT (p=0.1), bilateral grip strength (affected hand, p=0.8; non-affected hand, p=0.9) nor in the items of NHP (p>0.005). Independence in performing the IADL was 40%, while 60% had help from relatives or community-based services. Conclusion: This longitudinal study shows that persons with stroke in two groups with different exercise regimes during the first year after stroke did not differ in long-term outcomes. Both groups maintained function and had a relatively active life style 4 years after the acute incident. The results underline the importance of follow-up testing and encouragement to exercise, to motivate and sustain physical activity patterns, to maintain physical function, not only in the acute but also in the chronic phase of stroke.
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| 27. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Stroke patients and long-term training: is it worthwhile? : A randomized comparison of two different training strategies after rehabilitation
- 2007
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In: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 21:6, s. 495-510
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To find out if there were any differences in improvement and maintenance of motor function, activity of daily living and grip strength between patients with first-ever stroke receiving two different strategies of physical exercise during the first year after stroke. Design: A longitudinal randomized controlled stratified trial. Setting: Rehabilitation institutions, community, patients' homes and nursing homes. Subjects: Seventy-five male and female first-time-ever stroke patients: 35 in an intensive exercise group and 40 in a regular exercise group. Intervention: The intensive exercise group received physiotherapy with focus on intensive exercises in four periods during the first year after stroke. The regular exercise group patients were followed up according to their subjective needs during the corresponding year. Main outcome measures: Motor Assessment Scale, Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living, and grip strength. Results: Both groups improved significantly up to six months when function stabilized. The groups did not differ significantly on any test occasions. The difference of improvement from admission to discharge was significant in favour of the intensive exercise group, in the Motor Assessment Scale total score (intensive exercise group 7.5; regular exercise group 1.7, P = 0.01), and in the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living total score (17.4 versus 8.9, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Motor function, activities of daily living functions and grip strength improved initially and were maintained during the first year after stroke in all patients irrespective of exercise regime. This indicates the importance of motivation for regular exercise in the first year following stroke, achieved by regular check-ups.
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| 28. |
- Li, Hailong, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Using the solid digestate from a wet anaerobic digestion process as an energy resource
- 2013
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In: Energy technology. - : Wiley. - 2194-4296 .- 2194-4288. ; 1:1, s. 94-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The wet anaerobic digestion process is a widely used method to produce biogas from biomass. To avoid the risks involved with using the digestion waste as a fertilizer, this work investigates the possibilities to use the solid digestate as an energy resource to produce heat and electricity, which could save some energy currently consumed by the plant and, therefore, may increase the overall efficiency of a biogas plant. Simulations were conducted based on real data from the Växtkraft biogas plant in Västerås, Sweden as a case study. Results show that it is necessary to dry the solid digestate before combustion and include flue-gas condensation to recover enough heat for the drying process. When a steam turbine cycle is integrated, the generated electricity could cover 13–18 % of the total electricity consumption of the plant, depending on the degree of dryness. In addition, reducing the digestion period can increase the carbon content (ultimate analysis), the heating value, and the mass flow of the solid digestate. As a result, the production of electricity and heat is augmented in the steam turbine cycle. However, the production of biogas is reduced. Therefore, a comprehensive economic evaluation is suggested to optimize a biogas plant that uses the solid digestate from a wet anaerobic digestion process as an energy resource.
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| 29. |
- Lindmark, Johan
(author)
-
Developing the anaerobic digestion process through technology integration
- 2014
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Process optimization is needed for the development and expansion of the biogas industry and to meet the ever growing demand for methane. This thesis explores process technologies for the development of the anaerobic digestion process and includes pre-treatments, studies on the effects of different mixing modes and evaluation of a water treatment technology.Two pre-treatments were evaluated, mechanical and electroporation, for treatment of ley crop silage. Mechanical treatment included two milling machines designed for recycling of paper, Grubben deflaker and Krima disperser, and showed an increased biogas production of 59 % and 43 % respectively as well as a positive energy balance and economic results.. Electroporation increased the biogas production with 16 %, however, development is needed to increase its energy efficiency.Digester mixing has an effect on the digestion result. The performed review and experiments show that the mixing demand increases with organic loading. Excessive mixing during process start up, instabilities and shock loads leads to increased volatile fatty acid concentrations and process inhibition. Reduction of mixing reduces the effects of process instabilities and periodical mixing with mixing breaks has been shown to be beneficial for biogas production.A high temperature membrane filtration unit was evaluated at 70 °C, 90 °C and 110 °C to determine separation efficiencies, permeation speed when treating process water at a biogas plant. Improved separation can increase the capacity of the substrate pre-processing and reduce process related problems. The results show a total solids separation of 60 %, and an increasing filtration speed with temperature with fluxes of between 113 and 464 L/ h m2. The substrate pre-processing could theoretically handle up to 29 % more substrate as a result.Integration of these technologies in a biogas plant show that the pre-treatments studied exhibits a good performance when integrated and that mixing reduction has the potential to lower the process electricity demand by 23 % in the performed case study. However, even though the membrane filtration unit shows promising results it would demand a relatively high energy consumption and lead to limited benefits to a process already at it maximum organic loading.
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| 30. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of mechanical pre-treatment on the biogas yield from ley crop silage
- 2012
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 97, s. 498-502
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies on substrates for biogas production have shown that different types of pre-treatments make the material more accessible for microbial degradation by breaking down the complex structure of the organic material, thereby increasing their potential for gas production. In this paper, two different mechanical pre-treatment apparatus, i.e. a Grubben deflaker (Gd) and a Krima disperser (Kd), were tested in a full scale setup to evaluate their effects on ley crop silage. The treatments were investigated with regard to their effects on particle size, methane potential, capacity and energy balance. The results after 115 days of incubation in a batch assay show that methane production increased by 59% and 43% respectively after grinding with Gd and Kd. In both treatments, 90% of the ley crop was ground to particles of less than 2 mm and more than 50% of the sample was reduced to particles smaller than 0.125 mm. The energy balance was positive for Gd and around the break-even point for Kd. Analysis of the setup showed that Kd had almost twice the capacity of the Gd. If installed in the co-digestion biogas plant Vaxtkraft in Vasteras, Sweden, the Gd and Kd could increase annual biogas yields by 790 MW h and 585 MW h respectively. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 31. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of mixing on the result of anaerobic digestion : Review
- 2014
-
In: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321. ; 40, s. 1030-1047
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mixing in an anaerobic digester keeps the solids in suspension and homogenizes the incoming feed with the active microbial community of the digester content. Experimental investigations have shown that the mixing mode and mixing intensity have direct effects on the biogas yield even though there are conflicting views on mixing design. This review analyzes and presents different methods to evaluate the mixing in a digester (chemical and radioactive tracers and laboratory analysis), tools for digester design (computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modeling) and current research on the effects of mixing on the anaerobic digestion process. Empirical data on experiments comparing different mixing regimes have been reviewed from both a technical and microbial standpoint with a focus both on full scale digesters and in lab-scale evaluations. Lower mixing intensity or uneven mixing in the anaerobic digestion process can be beneficial during the startup phase to allow for methanogenic biomass growth and alleviate process instability problems. Intermittent mixing has been shown to be able to yield a similar gas production as continuous mixing but with the possibility to reduce the maintenance and energy demands of the process. Problems often experienced with experimental design include the effect of mixing on the solids retention time, and measurement of steady state gas production because of startup instabilities. Further research should be aimed at studying the effects of mixing on a chemical and microbial level and on the different stages of anaerobic digestion (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis). The focus should be on the effects of mixing on a multiple stage digestion process and also finding new methods to evaluate the effects of mixing in the one stage digestion process rather than evaluating a wider range of mixing modes, intensities and substrates.
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| 32. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluating the effects of electroporation pre-treatment on the biogas yield from ley crop silage.
- 2014
-
In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 174:7, s. 2616-2625
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exploiting the full biogas potential of some types of biomass is challenging. The complex structures of lignocellulosic biomass are difficult to break down and thus require longer retention times for the nutrients to become biologically available. It is possible to increase the digestibility of the substrate by pre-treating the material before digestion. This paper explores a pre-treatment of ley crop silage that uses electrical fields, known as electroporation (EP). Different settings of the EP equipment were tested, and the results were analyzed using a batch digestion setup. The results show that it is possible to increase the biogas yield with 16 % by subjecting the substrates to 65 pulses at a field strength of 96 kV/cm corresponding to a total energy input of 259 Wh/kg volatile solid (VS). However, at 100 pulses, a lower field strength of 48 kV/cm and the same total energy input, no effects of the treatment were observed. The energy balance of the EP treatment suggests that the yield, in the form of methane, can be up to double the electrical energy input of the process.
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| 33. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Membrane filtration of process water at elevated temperatures : a way to increase the capacity of a biogas plant
- 2011
-
In: Desalination. - : Elsevier BV. - 0011-9164 .- 1873-4464. ; 267:2-3, s. 160-169
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Waste water from a biogas process is often recirculated and mixed with the incoming organic material to produce a feed for the digester. The dry matter (DM) content of the final mixture should be as high as possible to maximise the capacity of the plant without exceeding the capability of the pumps. This means that the DM content of the recirculated process water has a large impact on the amount of substrate that can be processed. Experiments to reduce the dry matter content of the recirculated process water were carried out using a ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. The influence on the flux through the membrane and the separation efficiency at different operation temperatures, 70°C, 90°C and 110°C, were investigated. Higher temperatures resulted in increased flux/flow through the membrane. The DM content was reduced from 4% to 1.6%, corresponding to a 29 % increase of new material that could be added to the process. The energy required to heat the membrane when using heat recovery is small compared to the energy of the methane produced from the additional added substrate. The lifespan of the membranes and uncertainties in the substrate DM content are showed to be important for the economic result.
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| 34. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
ON MODELLING THE MIXING IN A DIGESTER FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
- 2009
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- At the Vaxtkraft biogas plant the mixing is produced by pumping in biogas and releasing it at the bottom. The mixing inside the digester of a biogas plant is important for good biogas production and since it is complicated to study the mixing inside the digester while it is in operation, this study is based on numerical simulations using a computational fluid dynamic finite volume code. To study the mixing dynamics, five different flow rates of gas (air) injections ranging from 0.1 to 0.6kg/s were simulated. These gas flow rates produced an average liquid speed in the digester between 0.10 and 0.22 m/s. The liquid recirculation impact on the mixing was investigated through the simulation of a case where it is combined with the lowest gas injection flow rate. The results from the simulation suggest that the liquid outlet is situated too close to the gas injection, resulting in energy losses in form of diminished mixing of the digester. A complete redesign of the digester is needed to seriously overcome the mixing limitation.
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| 35. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Pre-treatment of Substrate for Increased Biogas Production
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The full biogas potential of most organic material cannot be exploited with today’s technology. The complex structures of the organic materials are broken down too slowly and the nutrients cannot become biologically available during the relatively short retention time of most digesters. This means that a lot of the bound energy in the organic material leaves the biogas plant with the liquid digestate. There is a possibility to increase the efficiency of the process by pre-treating the material before digestion. This paper explores a pre-treatment of ley crop silage using electrical fields, known as electroporation (EP). Different settings of the EP equipment were tested and the results were analysed using a batch digestion setup. The results from the experiments show that there is a possibility to double the biogas production at typical retention times of a CSTR. The energy balance of the EP equipment suggests that the pre-treatment yield is around 2-6 times larger than the energy input to the process, i.e. energy in the form of methane.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SIMULATION AND MODELING AT A BIOGAS PLANT
- 2012
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Advanced models are being developed for the anaerobicdigestion (AD) process. These models can be used to control and optimize industrial size biogas plant to reach their full potential. There are many models available for different types of implementations. However, many of the published models demands extensive chemical analysis that might not be practically and economically viable in industry. Sampling routines at six Swedish biogas plants was compiled for comparison with the demand of input in published modeling approaches. The gap between the models and practices in industry has to come together through model simplification and extended sampling routines. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) for example is not a commonly used analysis in Swedish biogas plants but which is regularly used to model the AD. Knowledge of the biochemical processes in AD built in to a model can help operators increase the biogas yield of the plant without jeopardizing the production. There is a lack of robust online measurement equipment today to be able to have reliable online models for operational support but near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a promising technology for online measuring of a series of different characteristics that could make modeling more interesting for the AD industry. The mixing has as of yet not been devoted much attention to when modeling the process.
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| 38. |
- Lindmark, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
The effects of different mixing intensities during anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste
- 2014
-
In: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 34:8, s. 1391-1397
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mixing inside an anaerobic digester is often continuous and is not actively controlled. The selected mixing regime can however affect both gas production and the energy efficiency of the biogas plant. This study aims to evaluate these effects and compare three different mixing regimes, 150 RPM and 25 RPM continuous mixing and minimally intermittent mixing for both digestion of fresh substrate and post-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The results show that a lower mixing intensity leads to a higher biogas production rate and higher total biogas production in both cases. 25 RPM continuous mixing and minimally intermittent mixing resulted in similar biogas production after process stabilization, while 150 RPM continuous mixing resulted in lower production throughout the experiment. The lower gas production at 150 RPM could not be explained by the inhibition of volatile fatty acids. Cumulative biogas production until day 31 was 295. ±. 2.9, 317. ±. 1.9 and 304. ±. 2.8. N. ml/g VS added during digestion of fresh feed and 113. ±. 1.3, 134. ±. 1.1 and 130. ±. 2.3. N. ml/g VS added during post digestion for the 150 RPM, 25 RPM and minimally mixed intensities respectively. As well as increasing gas production, optimal mixing can improve the energy efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process.
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| 39. |
- Lindmark, Johan
(author)
-
The wet fermentation biogas process : Limitations and possibilities for efficiency improvements
- 2010
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The biogas process is known as an environmental friendly and sustainable way of producing energy and fuel but to be fully commercially competitive with other types of processes, efficiency improvements are needed. By doing a case study at the Växtkraft biogas plant in Västerås, Sweden, three specific limitations were identified and studied. Firstly, to improve the capacity of the plant, pre-treatments of the different substrates are needed to disintegrate the substrate and by doing so increasing the gas yield and the speed in which it is produced. Secondly, to improve the fermentation process itself more knowledge is needed around the mixing inside the digester. To be able to create an optimal and stable environment for the microorganisms the mixing is the key, because the mixing affects the mass transfer of all solids, nutrients, gases and other substances in the digester. Thirdly, the water treatment of the recirculated process water cannot reach the desired separation of dry matter (DM) and this is affecting the capacity of the plant negatively. The feed for the digester is produced by mixing the process water and the substrate to get a pumpable slurry with a DM content of 8-10 %. When there is too much DM in the process water to begin with, the mixing ratio between the substrate and the liquid changes, decreasing the amount of substrate that can be added to the mixture and later on fed to the digester. The full biogas potential of most organic materials cannot be extracted during the relatively short retention time of most digesters because of their complex structures. The organic materials are broken down too slowly and the nutrients cannot become biologically available in that time span. This means that a lot of the bound energy in the organic material leaves the biogas plant with the liquid digestate. The efficiency of the process can be improved by pre-treating the material before digestion. Pre-treatment experiments to disintegrate ley crop silage using electroporation, a treatment using electrical fields, were conducted to study its effect on the biogas yield. The experiments resulted in up to twice the amount of biogas being produced from the pre-treated material compared to untreated material. Numerical simulations of the mixing inside a digester were carried out to understand the effect that a gas lift mixing configuration has on the mass transfer in the system. The mixing dynamics were evaluated by testing five different flow rates of the injected gas and the effect that the liquid recirculation system has. The results indicate that there are large unmixed zones and that changing the gas flow rate only has a marginal effect on these areas. The simulation also suggests that the outlet of the liquid recirculation system is situated too close to the gas injectors, resulting in energy losses in form of diminished mixing of the digester. Experiments to reduce the DM content of the recirculated process water were carried out using a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane. The flux through the membrane and the separation efficiency were investigated at different operation temperatures, 70°C, 90°C and 110°C. The results show that 59-63 % of the DM was separated in this temperature interval and that the flux/flow through the membrane increased with the temperature. These results correspond to a 29 % increase in the capacity to add new substrate. The energy required to heat the membrane, if heat recovery is used, is small in comparison to the increased methane yield. In the best case scenario these above identified improvements could increase the methane yield by up to 40%.
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| 40. |
- Lindmark, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Lexical semantics for software requirements engineering – a corpus-based approach
- 2007
-
In: Corpus Linguistics 25 Years on. - 0921-5034. - 9042021950 ; :62, s. 365-385
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In companies that constantly develop new software releases for large markets, there continually arrive new requirements, written in natural language that may affect the development work. Before any decision is made about the requirements, these must be analysed and understood, and related to the current set of implemented and queued requirements. This task is time-consuming owing to the high inflow of requirements, and decision-making would be facilitated by any support that would reduce the requirements analyst’s workload. One of the main tasks is finding requirement duplicates and requirements with similar content and different NLP methods have been tried for this. Simple word matching is one of the methods used for linkage between requirements. If links could be set up not only between words, but also between concepts at different semantic levels, the chances of finding content-corresponding requirements would be greater. One goal of this project is to establish a terminology for requirements as well as to establish (Wordnet-type) semantic relations between terms, in order to enable multi-level linkage. For this purpose, we use a corpus consisting of 1,932 authentic software requirements, written in English of varying grammatical and stylistic quality. First, term candidates were extracted using the WordSmith Keyword function, with BNC Sampler as reference corpus. To find out whether there is any terminology specific to the ‘requirements’ sub-domain of the ‘software’ domain, the documentation associated with the software to which the requirements relate was also used as a reference (separately). Then, lexico-semantic patterns according to Hearst (1992) were used to find hyponymy–hyperonymy relations, and to confirm manually established relations. These analyses were performed on the text both ‘as is’ and, reducing noise somewhat, after POS-tagging by means of the Brill tagger (Brown Corpus tag-set). The results so far suggest that corpus-based methods are of importance to the management or requirements analyses.
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| 41. |
- Nyman, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Surgical treatment of stoma-related hernias: retrospective cohort study of damage claims to the Swedish National Patient Insurance Company 2010–2016
- 2021
-
In: BMC Surgery. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2482. ; 21:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Parastomal hernia and stoma-site hernia are common stoma complications. Parastomal hernia repair is associated with high complication and recurrence rates. Insurance data can provide novel information on the consequences of perioperative complications from the patient’s point of view. The aim was to investigate what types of complications associated with stoma-related hernia surgery that cause patients to apply for economic compensation through the patient insurance system and to investigate demographic and clinical differences among cases based on gender and type of center at which the surgery was performed.Methods: A national patient damage claim database was searched for ICD-10 codes related to parastomal and stoma-site hernia surgery over a seven-year period. Medical records were screened for claims associated with parastomal hernia repair, relocation or reversal due to parastomal hernia, or stoma-site hernia repair. Claims were classified according to one of four primary complaints: surgical, anesthetic, medical or other. Clinical and demographic differences between genders and hospital types were investigated. Reasons for non-compensation were analyzed.Results: Thirty claims met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen were related to parastomal hernia repair, seven to stoma-site hernia repair, three to stoma reversal and two to relocation due to parastomal hernia. Twenty-five claims were primarily surgical, two related to anesthesia and three classified as other. Seven claims were granted compensation. No demographic or clinical differences were found apart from female gender being associated with previous parastomal hernia repair [6 women and 0 men (p = 0.02)].Conclusion: Surgical complaints predominated. Few claims were compensated, reflecting the complexity and unsatisfactory outcomes of these procedures. Many claims were identified in relation to the incidence of stoma-related hernia surgery.Trial registration: Due to its retrospective and descriptive nature, the study was not registered in any registry.
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| 42. |
- Näsman, Mattias, 1989-, et al.
(author)
-
A promised land? : First summary of the research program
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This document lays out the background for the research program “A promised land? Drivers, challenges and opportunities related to the (green) industrialization of Northern Sweden,” (nr. M22-0029) awarded by the Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond’s in 2022. The document summarizes work in progress and may therefore be updated and republished in different versions according to the requirements of the program. This interdisciplinary program aims to understand the economic, social, and political challenges and opportunities of the ongoing industrial transformation in northern Sweden. A key element of the program is to identify drivers, obstacles, and preconditions in a historical, present, and forward-looking process-perspective.
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| 43. |
- Odlare, Monica, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Emissions of N2O and CH4 from agricultural soils amended with two types of biogas residues
- 2012
-
In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 44, s. 112-116
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biogas residues contain valuable plant nutrients, important to the crops and also to soil microorganisms. However, application of these materials to the soils may contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) causing global warming and climate change. In the present study, incubation experiment was carried out, where the emission rates of N2O and CH4 were measured after amending two soils with two types of biogas residues: (1) a regular residue from a large scale biogas plant (BR) and (2) a residue from an ultrafiltration membrane unit connected to a pilot-scale biogas plant (BRMF). The emissions of N2O and CH4 were measured at two occasions: at 24 h and at 7 days after residue amendment, respectively. Amendment with filtered biogas residues (BRMF) led to an increase in N2O emissions with about 6-23 times in organic and clay soil, respectively, in comparison to unfiltered biogas residues (BR). Methane emission was detected in small amounts when filtered biogas residue was added to the soil. Amendment of unfiltered biogas to the organic soil resulted in net consumption. In conclusion, fertilization with BRMF can be combined with risk of an increase N2O emission, especially when applied to organic soils. However, in order to transfer these results to real life agriculture, large scale field studies need to be carried out
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| 44. |
- Odlare, Monica, et al.
(author)
-
Use of organic wastes in agriculture
- 2015
-
In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 2472-2476
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the number of biogas plants and wastewater treatment plants continues to grow, there is an urgent need to find sustainable usage of the organic wastes produced in these facilities Recycling of organic wastes within agriculture can reduce the need for mineral fertilizer and restore organic carbon deficiency in the soil. The results from a 16-year long field experiment, where agricultural lands have been amended using sewage sludge and biogas residue is presented in this paper. Plant nutrients, organic contaminants and metals have been analyzed in order to evaluate the impact of the wastes on soil and crop quality. The results show that only small differences in plant uptake of metals and organic pollutants appear after 16 years. In addition, biogas residues performed well as a fertilizers, although not as well as mineral fertilizers.
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| 45. |
- Sandström, Alfred, et al.
(author)
-
Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2018 : Resursöversikt
- 2019
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den 14:e utgåvan av den samlade resursöversikten av fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten.I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES).De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten omfattar 41 fiskarter och åtta skaldjursarter.Nytt för i år är att flodkräftan och signalkräftan har fått egna presentationer. Vi har även ett nytt kapitel "Hållbarhetsbedömning av fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i havsområden runt Sverige”. Det består av en sammanfattning av den årliga bedömningen av hållbarheten i nyttjandet av fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i kust och hav runt Sverige. Bedömningenär baserad på de senaste tre åren vilket möjliggör en jämförelse över tid iantalet hållbart nyttjade bestånd. Jämförelsen visar inga tydliga förändringar över de senaste tre åren.Det finns ett nytt avsnitt i kapitlet ”Från biologi till förvaltning” om hur Havs- och vattenmyndighetens tillståndsgivning går till, och hur bedömningen baseras på resursöversikten vid ansökan om fiskelicens eller annan tillståndsgivning. Kapitlet har också utökats med ett avsnitt där SCB:s fritidsfiskeundersökning beskrivs och hur resultatet används i beståndsanalyserna.
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| 46. |
- Schwede, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
-
Using slaughterhouse waste in a biochemical-based biorefinery – results from pilot scale tests
- 2017
-
In: Environmental technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; , s. 1275-1284
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel biorefinery concept was piloted using protein-rich slaughterhouse waste, chicken manureand straw as feedstocks. The basic idea was to provide a proof of concept for the production ofplatform chemicals and biofuels from organic waste materials at non-septic conditions. Thedesired biochemical routes were 2,3-butanediol and acetone–butanol fermentation. The resultsshowed that hydrolysis resulted only in low amounts of easily degradable carbohydrates.However, amino acids released from the protein-rich slaughterhouse waste were utilized andfermented by the bacteria in the process. Product formation was directed towards acidogeniccompounds rather than solventogenic products due to increasing pH-value affected by ammoniarelease during amino acid fermentation. Hence, the process was not effective for 2,3-butanediolproduction, whereas butyrate, propionate,γ-aminobutyrate and valerate were predominantlyproduced. This offered fast means for converting tedious protein-rich waste mixtures intoutilizable chemical goods. Furthermore, the residual liquid from the bioreactor showedsignificantly higher biogas production potential than the corresponding substrates. Thecombination of the biorefinery approach to produce chemicals and biofuels with anaerobicdigestion of the residues to recover energy in form of methane and nutrients that can beutilized for animal feed production could be a feasible concept for organic waste utilization.
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| 47. |
- Söderholm, Johan D, 1958-, et al.
(author)
-
Augmented increase in tight junction permeability by luminal stimuli in the non-inflamed ileum of crohn's disease
- 2002
-
In: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 50:3, s. 307-313
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Crohn's disease is associated with deranged intestinal permeability in vivo, suggesting dysfunction of tight junctions. The luminal contents are important for development of neoinflammation following resection. Regulation of tight junctions by luminal factors has not previously been studied in Crohn's disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a luminal stimulus, known to affect tight junctions, on the distal ileum in patients with Crohn's disease. Patients: Surgical specimens from the distal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease (n=l 2) were studied, and ileal specimens from colon cancer patients (n=l 3) served as controls. Methods: Mucosal permeability to 51Cr-EDTA and electrical resistance were studied in Ussing chambers during luminal exposure to sodium caprate (a constituent of milk fat, affecting tight junctions) or to buffer only. The mechanisms involved were studied by mucosal ATP levels, and by electron and confocal microscopy. Results: Baseline permeability was the same in non-inflamed ileum of Crohn's disease and controls. Sodium caprate induced a rapid increase in paracellular permeability - that is, increased permeation of 51Cr-EDTA and decreased electrical resistance - which was more pronounced in non-inflamed ileum of Crohn's disease, and electron microscopy showed dilatations within the tight junctions. Moreover, sodium caprate induced disassembly of perijunctional filamentous actin was more pronounced in Crohn's disease mucosa. Mucosal permeability changes were accompanied by mitochondrial swelling and a fall in epithelial ATP content, suggesting uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions: The tight junctions in the non-inflamed distal ileum of Crohn's disease were more reactive to luminal stimuli, possibly mediated via disturbed cytoskeletal contractility. This could contribute to the development of mucosal neoinflammation in Crohn's disease.
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| 48. |
- Thorin, Eva, 1967-, et al.
(author)
-
DRY DIGESTION PILOT TESTS USING RESIDUAL MUNICIPAL WASTE AS SUBSTRATE
- 2015
-
In: Sardinia 2015. - Padova : CISA publisher. - 9788862650212
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A pilot plug-flow dry digestion process was tested for production of biogas from the fine fraction of the residual municipal solid waste after source sorting of the organic fraction of the waste. The residual waste is complex, containing a mix of hard and soft plastic, paper, metal, glass, and a varying amount of organic material. The utilization as a substrate for biogas production is therefore challenging. The purpose of the pilot tests was to determine if it is technically feasible to produce biogas from this waste. The plant was operated under thermophilic conditions for almost three months. In parallel also a garage fermentation batch pilot plant was tested with the same substrate. The results from the tests are promising concerning the biogas production even if there are indications that the process in the plug-flow reactor was operated in so called inhibited steady state at the higher loading rates.
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| 49. |
- Thorin, Eva, 1967-, et al.
(author)
-
MODELING OF THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION PROCESS- A REVIEW
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Production of biogas by digestion of organic wastes and other feedstock is one of the important technical solutions that contribute to the transform of the energy system from being fossil fuel dependent to renewable energy originated. To be fully commercial and competitive, the production of biogas needs to be further developed and optimized based on the technical, economic and environmental aspects. Thus, comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics and microbial reactions in the digestion process is necessary to accurately and robustly model, predict and control the biogas production.In this paper possible pathways for modeling the biogas reactor is discussed based on previous work on anaerobic digestion modeling and modeling of the fluid flow in reactors. Important parameters for modeling biogas production, with a focus on processes using waste as feedstock, are considered. Identification of knowledge gaps for the modeling of the biogas process is performed and how to overcome the obstacles is addressed.
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- Thorin, Eva, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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PERFOMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF THE VÄXTKRAFT BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT –THE USE OF MEMBRANE FILTRATION
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of ICAE'09. ; , s. 594-602
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today we can see a large potential for biogas production from any kind of organic residue as well as from different crops, farm land residues or graze. However, the technology for biogas production is not optimized and thus not fully cost-effective. To be fully commercially competitive with other types of fuels, efficiency improvements of the process are needed. In the research project BioGasOpt, performed in cooperation between Mälardalen University and industry, performance optimization of the Växtkraft biogas production plant and surrounding systems are studied. In this paper the project will be presented and the possibility for improvements by using membrane filtration to reduce the dry matter in the recirculated water is addressed.In the Växtkraft biogas plant, in Västerås, Sweden, organic wastes from households and restaurants are mixed and fermented with crops from graze land. A lot of water is used in the process and the surplus is filtered off in decanter centrifuges. The decantate from the centrifuges is partly recirculated in the process and the problem is that the content of dry matter in the decantate is increasing and is today around 4 %. In this paper the potential to use membrane filtration to improve the performance of biogas plants is studied. The consequences concerning production capacity, energy use, and operation of the plant are discussed. The first results from tests on using ceramic membrane filters at the Växtkraft biogas plant show that it possible to decrease the content of dry matter in the process water to 2 % at operation temperatures around 100˚C.
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