| 1. |
- Herbertsson, Lina, et al.
(author)
-
Bees increase seed set of wild plants while the proportion of arable land has a variable effect on pollination in European agricultural landscapes
- 2021
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In: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154:3, s. 341-350
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Agricultural intensification and loss of farmland heterogeneity have contributed to population declines of wild bees and other pollinators, which may have caused subsequent declines in insect-pollinated wild plants.Material and methods: Using data from 37 studies on 22 pollinator-dependent wild plant species across Europe, we investigated whether flower visitation and seed set of insect-pollinated plants decline with an increasing proportion of arable land within 1 km.Key results: Seed set increased with increasing flower visitation by bees, most of which were wild bees, but not with increasing flower visitation by other insects. Increasing proportion of arable land had a strongly variable effect on seed set and flower visitation by bees across studies.Conclusion:Factors such as landscape configuration, local habitat quality, and temporally changing resource availability (e.g. due to mass-flowering crops or honey bee hives) could have modified the effect of arable land on pollination. While our results highlight that the persistence of wild bees is crucial to maintain plant diversity, we also show that pollen limitation due to declining bee populations in homogenized agricultural landscapes is not a universal driver causing parallel losses of bees and insect-pollinated plants.
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| 2. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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In: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Allen-Perkins, Alfonso, et al.
(author)
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CropPol : a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination
- 2022
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In: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 103:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berg, Sandra, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge transfer within and across organizational boundaries: A case study in the construction industry
- 2012
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In: ARCOM 28th Annual Conference, Edinburgh, 3-5 September 2012. ; 1
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowledge transfer is essential for an organization to be competitive and successful. However, as projects are temporary, knowledge is often bound to the individuals in projects rather than to the core organizations. The main research question for this article is: How can collaboration be used in order to transfer knowledge from one project to another within an organization or with other organizations within a project? To do this, a theoretical framework of recent literature concerning knowledge management and transfer is used, as well as a case study about an urban development organization working with a rather unique collaboration structure in order to maximize the knowledge transfer from and between different actors. Our method of research has been interviews with a divisional manager and two project managers at an urban development organization. Results from our case study indicate that in the planning phase, knowledge transfer includes collecting feedback and information as well as using a central knowledge platform. During the production phase, face-to-face communication is the most important form of knowledge transfer. After each project, evaluation is essential to collect the experience of collaboration and identify planning errors. Our findings also show that most knowledge transfer occurs at an informal level. The study concludes that several factors affect knowledge transfer in a construction organization. The most essential are the media in which knowledge is transferred and the way information is stored. Taking all factors into consideration, an organization with a decentralized structure and an open and broad-minded culture enables successful knowledge transfer.
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| 7. |
- Blasi, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating predictive performance of statistical models explaining wild bee abundance in a mass-flowering crop
- 2021
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In: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 44:4, s. 525-536
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wild bee populations are threatened by current agricultural practices in many parts of the world, which may put pollination services and crop yields at risk. Loss of pollination services can potentially be predicted by models that link bee abundances with landscape-scale land-use, but there is little knowledge on the degree to which these statistical models are transferable across time and space. This study assesses the transferability of models for wild bee abundance in a mass-flowering crop across space (from one region to another) and across time (from one year to another). The models used existing data on bumblebee and solitary bee abundance in winter oilseed rape fields, together with high-resolution land-use crop-cover and semi-natural habitats data, from studies conducted in five different regions located in four countries (Sweden, Germany, Netherlands and the UK), in three different years (2011, 2012, 2013). We developed a hierarchical model combining all studies and evaluated the transferability using cross-validation. We found that both the landscape-scale cover of mass-flowering crops and permanent semi-natural habitats, including grasslands and forests, are important drivers of wild bee abundance in all regions. However, while the negative effect of increasing mass-flowering crops on the density of the pollinators is consistent between studies, the direction of the effect of semi-natural habitat is variable between studies. The transferability of these statistical models is limited, especially across regions, but also across time. Our study demonstrates the limits of using statistical models in conjunction with widely available land-use crop-cover classes for extrapolating pollinator density across years and regions, likely in part because input variables such as cover of semi-natural habitats poorly capture variability in pollinator resources between regions and years.
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| 8. |
- Bommarco, Riccardo, et al.
(author)
-
Bees increase seed set of wild plants while the proportion of arable land has a variable effect on pollination in European agricultural landscapes
- 2021
-
In: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Agentschap Plantentuin Meise. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154, s. 341-350
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims - Agricultural intensification and loss of farmland heterogeneity have contributed to population declines of wild bees and other pollinators, which may have caused subsequent declines in insect-pollinated wild plants. Material and methods - Using data from 37 studies on 22 pollinator-dependent wild plant species across Europe, we investigated whether flower visitation and seed set of insect-pollinated plants decline with an increasing proportion of arable land within 1 km. Key results - Seed set increased with increasing flower visitation by bees, most of which were wild bees, but not with increasing flower visitation by other insects. Increasing proportion of arable land had a strongly variable effect on seed set and flower visitation by bees across studies. Conclusion - Factors such as landscape configuration, local habitat quality, and temporally changing resource availability (e.g. due to mass-flowering crops or honey bee hives) could have modified the effect of arable land on pollination. While our results highlight that the persistence of wild bees is crucial to maintain plant diversity, we also show that pollen limitation due to declining bee populations in homogenized agricultural landscapes is not a universal driver causing parallel losses of bees and insect-pollinated plants.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dänhardt, Juliana, et al.
(author)
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Ekosystemtjänster i det skånska jordbrukslandskapet
- 2013
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Jordbrukslandskapet tillhandahåller ekosystemtjänster som utgör förutsättningen för en uthållig jordbruksproduktion och är till nytta för samhället i stort. Bakom dessa finns ekologiska processer som beror av samspel mellan en mångfald av organismer. Skånes jordbruk har genomgått betydande förändringar som förändrat landskapet och livsmiljön för många av dessa. För att bevara och förvalta ekosystemtjänsterna krävs en förståelse för sambanden mellan jordbruk, landskap och ekosystemprocesser. Rapporten beskriver ekologiska processer som ligger till grund för några viktiga ekosystemtjänster i Skånes jordbrukslandskap och visar betydelsen av biologisk mångfald för deras funktion. Där så är möjligt beskrivs hur de kan värderas. Slutligen redovisas praktiska åtgärder som gynnar dem. Rapporten visar att ekosystemtjänster inte enkelt går att ersätta med teknologiska lösningar, utan att förvaltning av dessa tjänster lönar sig. Detta kräver ökad ekologisk kunskap och anpassade styrmedel vilket kräver ökat samråd och regelbunden återkoppling mellan lantbrukare, myndigheter och forskare. Förhoppningen är att rapporten, framtagen av Lunds universitet och Region Skåne, inspirerar till detta!
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| 11. |
- Falk, Anders B., et al.
(author)
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Influence of some weather parameters on the susceptibility of apple fruit to postharvest grey mould attack
- 2018
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In: Proceedings 2018. ; , s. 124-127
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several cultural and weather factors during the season influence the susceptibility of apple fruit to post-harvest pathogens. In the present study, the effect of different weather parameters on postharvest susceptibility of apples of the cv. ‘Ingrid Marie’ to grey mould was investigated. In 2015, apple fruit were collected from orchards in Southern Sweden, where local weather stations monitored different parameters. After harvest, the fruit were tested for susceptibility to grey mould by artificially inoculating them with%FLQHUHD. Lesion development was monitored over a 10-day-period. Analysis of results for a few orchards showed that cold weather for over a month preceding harvest and a low total number of growth degree days gave apples that were more susceptible to grey mould. This study was carried out in conventional orchards, but the conclusions can be important also for organic production, since they deal with the general effect of sunshine, temperature and rain, factors that may strengthen fruit during cultivation, regardless of production type. Future studies may focus on organic production to investigate whether these effects are general and also apply to organic production.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Fredricsson, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Nationell luftövervakning Sakrapport med data från övervakning inom Programområde Luft t.o.m 2019
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket ansvarar för den nationella luftövervakningen i bakgrundsmiljö i Sverige. I rapporten redovisas resultat från verksamheten inom Programområde Luft avseende mätningar (genomförda av IVL, SU, SLU och SMHI) till och med 2019 och regionala modellberäkningar (utförda av SMHI) till och med 2018.För flertalet av de luftföroreningskomponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen har det, sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 20 och 40 år sedan, generellt sett skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö. Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponenter och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut i landet man kommer.För de flesta ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna i regional bakgrund avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av ozon överskrider dock i dagsläget (2019) MKN för hälsa.
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| 14. |
- Herbertsson, Lina, et al.
(author)
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Competition between managed honeybees and wild bumblebees depends on landscape context
- 2016
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In: Basic and Applied Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-1791 .- 1618-0089. ; 17:7, s. 609-616
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Honeybees might outcompete wild bees by depleting common resources, possibly more so in simplified landscapes where flower-rich habitats have been lost. We tested this by experimentally adding honeybee hives to nine sites while ensuring that ten additional sites were free from hives. The landscape surrounding each geographically separated site either held low (homogeneous landscape) or high (heterogeneous landscape) proportions of semi-natural grassland. Adding honeybees suppressed bumblebee densities in field borders and road verges in homogeneous landscapes whereas no such effect was detected in heterogeneous landscapes. The proportional abundance of bumblebee species with small foraging ranges was lower at honeybee sites than at control sites in heterogeneous landscapes, whereas bumblebee communities in homogeneous landscapes were dominated by a single species with long foraging range irrespective of if honeybees were added or not. We conclude that honeybees can impact bumblebee densities, but that landscape heterogeneity modified this effect.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Kihlstedt, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Material identity in a packaging context
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Package design includes a number of considerations ranging from protecting the content to conveying the brand image. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding on how Swedish consumes perceive product packaging attributes, with a special emphasis on in which way packaging material (carton, paper plastic), and structural design (folding carton, paper bag, standing pouch and plastic bag), have an emotional impact on consumers' evaluation of the product and packaging. Assessing the appearance and effectiveness of a packaging system is often confounded by branding, why it is important to separate the brand influence from the attributes of the packaging system. Thus, in the experimental part, packaging prototypes of different structural design and materials were manufactured in order to present commercial cereal brands in different types of packaging. The research involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, comprising (i) focus groups on cereal (muesli) packaging; (ii) a mock-up study of four muesli packaging types: transparent plastic bag, carton box, paper bag, and a resalable stand-up plastic pouch; and (iii) a questionnaire on environmental attitudes to packaging materials. Fourteen respondents participated in the focus groups and 20 in the mock-up study. Result show that the paper bag and the carton box were perceived to be the most environmentally friendly packaging material. Heavy ink usage on paper bags and carton boxes can however raise concern regarding the environmental impact. Introducing functionality and good print quality can cause preferences to divert to an alternative packaging material. In the mock-up study the standing pouch was the most liked package type regardless of brands. Functional reasons (protect, re-closable etc.) and appearance reasons (nice print, nice colours) was claimed for giving this package high ratings.
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| 18. |
- Klein, Alison P., et al.
(author)
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An absolute risk model to identify individuals at elevated risk for pancreatic cancer in the general population.
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: We developed an absolute risk model to identify individuals in the general population at elevated risk of pancreatic cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using data on 3,349 cases and 3,654 controls from the PanScan Consortium, we developed a relative risk model for men and women of European ancestry based on non-genetic and genetic risk factors for pancreatic cancer. We estimated absolute risks based on these relative risks and population incidence rates.RESULTS: Our risk model included current smoking (multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 2.20 [1.84-2.62]), heavy alcohol use (>3 drinks/day) (OR: 1.45 [1.19-1.76]), obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m(2)) (OR: 1.26 [1.09-1.45]), diabetes >3 years (nested case-control OR: 1.57 [1.13-2.18], case-control OR: 1.80 [1.40-2.32]), family history of pancreatic cancer (OR: 1.60 [1.20-2.12]), non-O ABO genotype (AO vs. OO genotype) (OR: 1.23 [1.10-1.37]) to (BB vs. OO genotype) (OR 1.58 [0.97-2.59]), rs3790844(chr1q32.1) (OR: 1.29 [1.19-1.40]), rs401681(5p15.33) (OR: 1.18 [1.10-1.26]) and rs9543325(13q22.1) (OR: 1.27 [1.18-1.36]). The areas under the ROC curve for risk models including only non-genetic factors, only genetic factors, and both non-genetic and genetic factors were 58%, 57% and 61%, respectively. We estimate that fewer than 3/1,000 U.S. non-Hispanic whites have more than a 5% predicted lifetime absolute risk.CONCLUSION: Although absolute risk modeling using established risk factors may help to identify a group of individuals at higher than average risk of pancreatic cancer, the immediate clinical utility of our model is limited. However, a risk model can increase awareness of the various risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including modifiable behaviors.
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| 19. |
- Klemetz, Viktor, et al.
(author)
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Nationell luftövervakning : Sakrapport med data från övervakning inom Programområde Luft t. o. m. 2021
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket ansvarar för den nationella luftövervakningen i bakgrundsmiljö. I rapporten redovisas resultat från verksamheten inom Programområde Luft avseende mätningar (genomförda av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet (IVL),Institutionen för Miljövetenskap vid Stockholms universitet (SU), Institutionen för Mark och Miljö vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Chalmers tekniska högskola och Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut (SMHI) till och med 2021 samt regionala modellberäkningar (utförda av SMHI) till och med 2020. För flertalet av de luftföroreningskomponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen har det, sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 20 och 45 år sedan, generellt skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö.Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponenter och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut i landet man kommer.För de flesta ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av marknära ozon överskrider i dagsläget MKN för hälsa vid ett flertal mätstationer i södra Sverige.För såväl partiklar (i form av PM2,5) och bensen (i urban bakgrund) är risken låg att haltnivåer överstiger miljömålens preciseringar.
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| 20. |
- Lankinen, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Variable pollen viability and effects of pollen load size on components of seed set in cultivars and feral populations of oilseed rape
- 2018
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In: PLoS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pollination success is important for crop yield, but may be cultivar dependent. Less is known about which floral traits influence pollination success. Floral traits, e.g. traits related to attraction and reward, can also contribute to gene flow via pollen, the latter being of particular importance in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) where gene flow occurs between plants of crop, volunteer and feral origin as well as related taxa. We investigated the relationship between pollen load size and seed set in winter oilseed rape. We compared variability in pollen-viability traits, flower production (flowers from the main raceme times number of branches) and seed number and weight per siliqua among cultivars and feral populations (growing outside of agricultural fields) under controlled conditions. Both seed number and weight were saturated at relatively low pollen loads in the tested cultivar. Pollen viability and estimated flower production differed among cultivars, indicating that these traits could contribute to yield variability. Seed weight per siliqua, but not pollen traits or flower production, was lower in ferals compared to cultivars. Thus, while the probability of establishment may be reduced in ferals (due to lower seed weight per siliqua) this will not necessarily impact their contribution to gene flow via pollen. In oilseed rape a relatively low pollen load may be sufficient for full seed set in some cultivars, suggesting less dependence on insect pollination for high yield than generally expected. Our results also showed that previously less investigated floral traits, such as pollen viability, pollen tube growth rate and flower number, can differ between cultivars. Studies of these traits may provide targets for increasing crop yield and provide general knowledge about gene flow between cultivated, feral and related wild populations.
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| 21. |
- Lindstedt, Sandra, et al.
(author)
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Single-Dose Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Core Prostate Biopsy: Impact of Timing and Identification of Risk Factors.
- 2006
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 50:4, s. 832-837
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- objectives: To assess the level of infectious complications and the impact of timing of a single, prophylactic, oral dose of ciprofloxacin 750 mg given either 2 hours before or in conjunction with ultrasound -guided core biopsy of the prostate in men without recognised risk factors and to analyse potential risk factors. Methods: All men undergoing prostate biopsy for elevated prostate specific antigen or clinical suspected prostate cancer were enrolled in an open, comparative prospective study. Excluded were men with recognised risk factors for infective complications. Two end points were chosen: febrile genitourinary infection and the results of postbiopsy urine culture. Results: A total of 1322 prostate biopsy occasions were made in 1157 men. Twelve (0.9%) cases of febrile genitourinary infections were recorded, two of which had proven sepsis. Administrating the drug 2 hours before or at the time of biopsy (p > 0.5) showed no statistical difference. Eight of 12 patients were shown to have prebiopsy undisclosed risk factors. Four percent developed postbiopsy, asymptomatic, significant bacteriuria. In addition, three (27%) men with prebiopsy unrecognised bacteriuria, who were accidentally enrolled, developed febrile genitourinary infection; one had proven sepsis. Conclusions: A single high-dose of oral ciprofloxacin 750 mg can be administered in direct conjunction with prostate biopsy to men without recognised risk factors, keeping the infection rate at approximately 1%. Bacteriuria before biopsy is a major risk factor for infective complications. Attention given to recognising individual risk factors would reduce the risk of infection further. (c) 2006 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Lindström, Rebecca, et al.
(author)
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Swedish translation and cultural adaptation of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©)—A validated tool for screening and assessing malnutrition in clinical practice and research
- 2024
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 38:3, s. 589-601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©) is a validated tool for the screening, assessment and monitoring of malnutrition, and triaging of interventions. It contains a patient-generated component and a healthcare professional (HCP)-generated component. Aim: To translate the PG-SGA into Swedish, assess the linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version, and ensure conceptional, semantic and operational equivalence to the original English PG-SGA. Methods: In line with the methodology used in previously translated and culturally adapted versions, the standardised 10-step process suggested by the International Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) was followed. In step 7, a cross-sectional study targeting patients n = 51 and HCPs n = 52 was performed at a university hospital in Sweden. Using separate questionnaires, patients assessed the patient component and HCPs, the professional component regarding perceived comprehensibility and difficulty (linguistic validity). The HCPs also assessed perceived relevance (content validity) of all items on the PG-SGA. Item indices for comprehensibility (I-CI), difficulty (I-DI) and content validity (I-CVI) were calculated and averaged into scale indices (S-CI, S-DI and S-CVI). Cut-off standards for item and scale indices were used as reference. Results: The Swedish version of the PG-SGA rated excellent for comprehensibility (S-CI 0.96) and difficulty (S-DI 0.93) for the patient component. The professional component rated acceptable for comprehensibility (S-CI 0.89) and below acceptable for difficulty (S-DI 0.70), with the physical examination rated most difficult (I-DI 0.39 to 0.69). Content validity for the full Swedish PG-SGA was rated excellent (S-CVI 0.94). Conclusion: The patient component was considered clear and easy to complete. The full Swedish PG-SGA was considered relevant by HCPs for screening and assessment of malnutrition. Due to perceived difficulty with the physical examination, training of Swedish HCPs in using the PG-SGA is essential before implementing the professional component into clinical practice or research.
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| 23. |
- Lindström, Sandra A.M., et al.
(author)
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Crop management affects pollinator attractiveness and visitation in oilseed rape
- 2018
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In: Basic and Applied Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-1791 .- 1618-0089. ; 26, s. 82-88
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ecological intensification of agriculture implies managing ecological processes to improve performance of agricultural systems. However, impacts on relevant ecological functions such as insect pollination from other crop management factors are poorly explored. Pest insects and crop resources such as water availability can directly affect crop yields, but it is unknown if there are indirect effects through effects on insect pollination. With a factorial experiment, we examined how irrigation and control of pollen beetles affected crop attractiveness and pollinator visitation in an open-pollinated spring oilseed rape cultivar. We studied how irrigation and pest control modified the production of flowers and nectar in oilseed rape, and if this in turn affected the flower-visitation of honey bees and bumble bees. Pest control increased the number of oilseed rape flowers by 69%, and the amount of nectar per flower with 36%, but for the latter only in non-irrigated plots. Furthermore, we found higher pollinator densities in plots with reduced pollen beetle densities. Pest control also reduced the number of non-legitimate flower visits, suggesting higher pollination efficiency in plots with reduced pollen beetle densities. We show that crop management affects the value of mass-flowering crops as a resource for pollinating insects. Development of pest control tools that are harmless to pollinators could increase the value of flowering crops as food resources for pollinating insects.
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| 24. |
- Lindström, Sandra A M, et al.
(author)
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Experimental evidence that honeybees depress wild insect densities in a flowering crop
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 283:1843
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While addition of managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) improves pollination of many entomophilous crops, it is unknown if it simultaneously suppresses the densities of wild insects through competition. To investigate this, we added 624 honeybee hives to 23 fields of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) over 2 years and made sure that the areas around 21 other fields were free from honeybee hives. We demonstrate that honeybee addition depresses the densities of wild insects (bumblebees, solitary bees, hoverflies, marchflies, other flies, and other flying and flower-visiting insects) even in a massive flower resource such as oilseed rape. The effect was independent of the complexity of the surrounding landscape, but increased with the size of the crop field, which suggests that the effect was caused by spatial displacement of wild insects. Our results have potential implications both for the pollination of crops (if displacement of wild pollinators offsets benefits achieved by adding honeybees) and for conservation of wild insects (if displacement results in negative fitness consequences).
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| 25. |
- Lindström, Sandra A.M., et al.
(author)
-
Simple and farmer-friendly bumblebee conservation : Straw bales as nest sites in agricultural landscapes
- 2022
-
In: Basic and Applied Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-1791. ; 63, s. 196-205
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many bumblebee species are declining due to a loss of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes resulting in diminished forage and nest sites. Anecdotal experience indicates that bumblebees nest in straw bales, but scientific evidence is lacking. We spent 250 h screening for bumblebee nests in 1255 straw bales and ten straw stacks belonging to 58 farms in two intensively farmed Swedish regions and recorded nests, nest traffic, and straw characteristics. We supplemented the straw screening with screening of control areas, without straw, that were selected in similar environments as the areas with straw. We observed 45 bumblebee nests (including potential nests where a single bumblebee flew in or out of the straw) of eight species/species groups, including one red-listed, in or directly adjacent to the straw at 26 of the farms. Nests were mainly found in partly decayed straw and bales placed together. We found no nests in control areas. Based on our results, we suggest that straw can be used as an easy, cheap and efficient intervention to increase the availability of bumblebee nest sites in agricultural landscapes. Considering the costs and benefits of the alternatives, we conclude that straw addition has advantages over commercial bumblebee colonies for crop pollination purposes and over artificial nest boxes for conservation purposes.
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| 26. |
- Lindström, Sandra
(author)
-
Halmbalar för humlor
- 2017
-
In: Skånska Lantbruk. ; :2, s. 31-31
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 27. |
- Lindström, Sandra
(author)
-
Halvtid i pollineringsprojekt
- 2015
-
In: Skånska lantbruk. - 1653-2368. ; , s. 23-23
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 28. |
- Lindström, Sandra
(author)
-
Insect pollination of oilseed rape
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ecological intensification of agriculture is suggested as a way to reach higher crop yields without increasing inputs that may degrade the environment. Increased insect pollination in crops, such as oilseed rape, Brassica napus, has been suggested to increase yields, but is rarely integrated in crop management. To determine the value of enhanced crop pollination as a means of ecological intensification, reliable estimates of how yield is affected by insect pollination are needed. Further, little is known about interactions between insect pollination and other crop management factors such as cultivar, nitrogen fertilization, pest control, and irrigation. Finally, it needs to be assessed how increasing crop pollination by adding honey bees to crops impact the wild fauna of flower-visiting insects. I addressed these issues in two sets of experiments. First, I performed a landscape-scale experiment with replicated whole fields of winter oilseed rape. I manipulated the pollinator community by adding honey bee hives or controlled the surroundings for absence of honey bees. I chose fields such that they were embedded in either intensive-ly cropped landscapes or heterogeneous landscapes with more semi-natural pastures, expecting greater diversity of wild pollinators in the latter. In two cultivar types, I examined how honey bee addition affected crop yield and the wild pollinator community. Second, I performed two field plot experiments, in winter and in spring oilseed rape, to assess how insect pollination and the crop management factors cultivar, nitrogen fertili-sation, pest control, and irrigation interactively shaped crop yield. Insect pollination increased winter oilseed rape yield, but only in open-pollinated cultivars. Cultivars of open-pollinated type gave higher yields than cultivars of hybrid type. Thus, phasing out open-pollinated cultivars from the market emerges a missed opportunity for increased yields. I show that the crop’s access to water, nitrogen, and herbivory affect pollinator behaviour and potentially crop pollination. Interestingly, insect pollination tended to increase yields when no nitrogen was applied, indicating higher nutrient use efficiency in plants with access to insect pollination. Adding managed honey bee hives had nega-tive effects on the densities of wild flying- and flower-visiting insects, with potential negative effects on crop pollination and biodiversity conservation. Overall, my thesis demonstrates the importance of including both agronomic and environmental perspectives when developing crop production systems that are productive and sustainable.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Lindström, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Konkurrens mellan honungsbin och vilda bin : – evidens, kunskapsluckor och möjliga åtgärder
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Competition from honey bees on wild bees – effects, knowledge gaps and possible interventions.In this review, we have compiled the European emp irical evidence available in the scientific literature on the effects of honey bees on wild bees through competition for food resources. We have also inventoried ongoing initiatives in northern Europe concerning competition between honey bees and wild bees. The inventory showed that in several countries work is underway, for example in Norway, Denmark and France.There are a few scientific ongoing initiatives, but there are also collaborative andcommunication projects between researchers and beekeepers. Our compilation shows that approximately half of the plant species that both honey bees and wild bees visit are used by both groups, which is a condition for competition to occur. High densities of honey bees can deplete the supply of pollen and nectar and affect the flower-visiting behavior and choice of host plants of wild bees. This indicates that competition occurs but does not reveal much about the long -term effects of competition on wild bees. The few studies that have examined the effects of honey bees on the reproduction of wild bees show varying results. Some studies have found negative effects on bumble bee colony development, which may be linked to impaired long-term population development. A large part of the empirical European studies showed that densities of wild bees decreased with high densities of honey bees, but not all. Some studies showed that the distribution of wild bees in the landscape changed as a result of competition, but no studies showed that wild bees changed their behaviourwith regards to when during the day they were foraging. While some studies do not show any effects on species richness or diversity, others show a reduced diversity of wild bees in the presence of honey bees.We note that many of the European studies are correla tive, sometimes suffering from a lack of replication and control areas. We have only found a few well- replicated, experimental European studies with control areas, which means that the evidence base is thin. It is therefore difficult to draw any definite general conclusions about the long-term effects of honey beekeeping on wild bee populations, and the extent to which honey bees cause population declines in wild bees. However, the majority of the observational studies, as well as the well-replicated experimental studies whose evidence value is higher, unanimously point to negative effects of honey bees on wild bees. The results are largely in line with the literature reviews conducted with a global focus. It istherefore of great importance to work further with the issue, both through focused research and development of tools to limit and mitigate negative effects and create conditions for coexistence between beekeeping and the presence of wild bees.In order to mitigate the negative effects of honey bees on wild bees by resourcecompetition, studies suggest a careful considerations when adding honey bees to areas with endangered populations of wild bees that use the same host plants as honey bees, to apply the necessary distances to honey bee communities (up to 1.1 km) and to increase the amount of flowering resources.To give recommendations on what can lead to the coexistence of productive beekeeping and the presence of wild bees, more knowledge is needed. Above all, there is a need for experimental studies that investigate how contrasting densities of honey bees affect wild bee fitness, in order to be able to assess how and when honey bees affect wild bees long-term populations. We emphasize the need for dose-response studies, in which the impact of gradients of honey bee densities are investigated with sufficient power to detect meaningful biological effects. Experiments are also needed to examine how flower resources in a landscape modifies competion.
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| 31. |
- Lindström, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Large-scale pollination experiment demonstrates the importance of insect pollination in winter oilseed rape
- 2016
-
In: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 180, s. 759-769
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insect pollination, despite its potential to contribute substantially to crop production, is not an integrated part of agronomic planning. A major reason for this are knowledge gaps in the contribution of pollinators to yield, which partly result from difficulties in determining area-based estimates of yield effects from insect pollination under field conditions. We have experimentally manipulated honey bee Apis mellifera densities at 43 oilseed rape Brassica napus fields over 2 years in Scandinavia. Honey bee hives were placed in 22 fields; an additional 21 fields without large apiaries in the surrounding landscape were selected as controls. Depending on the pollination system in the parental generation, the B. napus cultivars in the crop fields are classified as either open-pollinated or first-generation hybrids, with both types being open-pollinated in the generation of plants cultivated in the fields. Three cultivars of each type were grown. We measured the activity of flower-visiting insects during flowering and estimated yields by harvesting with small combine harvesters. The addition of honey bee hives to the fields dramatically increased abundance of flower-visiting honey bees in those fields. Honey bees affected yield, but the effect depended on cultivar type (p = 0.04). Post-hoc analysis revealed that open-pollinated cultivars, but not hybrid cultivars, had 11% higher yields in fields with added honey bees than those grown in the control fields (p = 0.07). To our knowledge, this is the first whole-field study in replicated landscapes to assess the benefit of insect pollination in oilseed rape. Our results demonstrate that honey bees have the potential to increase oilseed rape yields, thereby emphasizing the importance of pollinator management for optimal cultivation of oilseed rape.
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| 32. |
- Lindström, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Locka nyttodjur med blommor
- 2018
-
In: Arvensis. - 2000-0871. ; , s. 15-15
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 33. |
- Lindström, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Om blommor och bin : mer kunskap om höstrapsens pollination och befruktning
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under 2011 undersökte vi pollenegenskaper och fröproduktion hos sju höstrapssorter och fem spillrapspopulationer med syftet att påbörja en kartläggning av skillnader som kan ha betydelse för behovet av insektspollinering och genflöde. Målet var att få ökad kunskap om rapsens blombiologi, det vill säga kunskap om blommans pollination och befruktning som är själva grunden till fröskörden. Försöken är en del av ett doktorandprojekt om insektspollinering i odlade grödor, där insektspollineringens betydelse för rapsskörden även undersöks i storskaliga fältförsök.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
|
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| 36. |
- Lindström, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
PM 2/21 : Methods for assessing the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lund University was commissioned by the Swedish Chemicals Agency to map and describe emerging methodologies that assess the indirect impact of plant protection products on nontarget organism individuals and populations, and studies that evaluates if current risk assessment methodologies are sufficient to assess direct effects of plant protection products on biodiversity. The commission was performed in two parts. First, we made an inventory ofemerging methods to assess indirect effects of plant protection products on non-target organisms among risk assessment authorities in nine countries. Second, we reviewed the scientific literature by performing a systematic search of scientific databases and mapped research discussing method development to assess indirect effects of plant protection products on non-target individuals and populations, and direct effects of plant protection products on biodiversity.The inventory shows that there are few ongoing attempts to assess indirect effects of plant protection products in the light of environmental risk assessment schemes among the countries we asked. In Germany, requirements were introduced in 2018 to assess the indirect effects of plant protection products via trophic interactions when registering new plant protection products, but these requirements were withdrawn in the autumn of 2019 due to lack of legal basis for their implementation.Our literature review showed that approaches to assess indirect effects on individuals or populations of plant protection products in a risk assessment context involves both model ecosystems (cosms), field studies, and mathematical, mainly mechanistic effects models. Knowledge of species interactions is a key to understand the underlying mechanisms thatshape how plant protection products impact biodiversity.While plenty of papers suggest that current risk assessment methodologies are insufficient to safeguard biodiversity, few papers have actually compared how well different environmental risk methodologies protect biodiversity. The current risk assessment methods are based shortterm laboratory studies on single test species, or on simplified communities in mesocosm experiments, which provide information on acute toxicity. The validity and usefulness of such laboratory studies have been criticized for not including variation in space and time,interactions with other stressors and indirect effects caused by competition and trophic interactions between populations. This hampers the possibility of using them to assess effects on biodiversity in field situations. Furthermore, it is proposed that the current risk assessment of plant protection products can be improved by increasing the representation of test species, including previously neglected taxonomic groups, such as microorganisms and fungi.According to several studies, future environmental risk assessment methods should to a larger extent than today combine laboratory, field and semi-field studies and mathematical models to capture indirect effects and direct effects on biodiversity. Other proposals are to complement and combine the bottom-up approaches of the current environmental risk assessment, that largely relies on extrapolation of effects on individuals assessed in standard laboratory tests to communities, with top-down approaches such as monitoring of landscape and communities, as well as combine bottom-up and top-down methods, to make accurate assessments of the risks plant protection products poses to biodiversity.
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| 37. |
|
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| 38. |
- Lindström, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Vilda bin i Skåne
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Länsstyrelsen Skåne har släppt en ny rapport med de senaste vetenskapliga rönen om vilda bin i Skåne. Rapporten är en sammanställning om vilda bin och är ett led i Länsstyrelsens arbete med regeringsuppdraget att gynna vilda pollinatörer.Rapporten kan användas som underlag för att arbeta vidare med åtgärder för att gynna Skånes pollinatörer, något som är extra viktigt i Skåne eftersom runt 75 procent av landets vildbin finns här och av dessa är drygt 20 procent hotade.Rapporten har sammanställts av forskare på Lunds universitet: Sandra Lindström, Pernilla Borgström och Henrik Smith.
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| 39. |
|
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| 40. |
- Marini, Lorenzo, et al.
(author)
-
Crop management modifies the benefits of insect pollination in oilseed rape
- 2015
-
In: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 207, s. 61-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a factorial field plot experiment, high and low levels of inorganic nitrogen and of insect pollinators visiting the crop were manipulated and their combined effects on oilseed rape yield were quantified. A third factor was also included, testing whether different cultivars responded differently to the tested factors. Insect pollination was required to reach high yield and seed quality (oil content). Final benefits of pollination service were, however, greatly modified by cultivar, where the seed yield of the open-pollinated cultivar largely depended on insect pollination whereas the two hybrid cultivars did not. A near significant interaction between nitrogen input and insect pollination was also found, i.e. benefits to crop yield from insect pollination seemed to increase with decreased nitrogen levels. The differential response of the three cultivars suggested opportunities to use cultivars that are less dependent on insect pollination in landscapes where this service has been deteriorated. Increased access of nitrogen seems to partly compensate yield losses from poor insect pollination. Integrating conservation, environmental and agronomic sciences is therefore crucial to sustain agriculture productions through optimized management of agronomic inputs and biodiversity-based ecosystem services. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- Persson, Anna S., et al.
(author)
-
Hjälp bina på rätt sätt : satsa på blommor istället för bikupor
- 2019
-
In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- På senare tid har allt fler aktörer engagerat sig för att ”hjälpa bina” och motverka bidöd. Men när köpcentrum, snabbmatskedjor och fastighetsbolag satsar på bikupor för honungsbin i stället för att hjälpa vilda bin riskerar man att göra mer skada än nytta, skriver fyra Lundaforskare, som uppmanar företagen att hjälpa till på rätt sätt.
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| 42. |
- Rader, Romina, et al.
(author)
-
Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination.
- 2016
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 113:1, s. 146-151
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops of economic importance. However, the contributions by pollinators other than bees have been little explored despite their potential to contribute to crop production and stability in the face of environmental change. Non-bee pollinators include flies, beetles, moths, butterflies, wasps, ants, birds, and bats, among others. Here we focus on non-bee insects and synthesize 39 field studies from five continents that directly measured the crop pollination services provided by non-bees, honey bees, and other bees to compare the relative contributions of these taxa. Non-bees performed 25-50% of the total number of flower visits. Although non-bees were less effective pollinators than bees per flower visit, they made more visits; thus these two factors compensated for each other, resulting in pollination services rendered by non-bees that were similar to those provided by bees. In the subset of studies that measured fruit set, fruit set increased with non-bee insect visits independently of bee visitation rates, indicating that non-bee insects provide a unique benefit that is not provided by bees. We also show that non-bee insects are not as reliant as bees on the presence of remnant natural or seminatural habitat in the surrounding landscape. These results strongly suggest that non-bee insect pollinators play a significant role in global crop production and respond differently than bees to landscape structure, probably making their crop pollination services more robust to changes in land use. Non-bee insects provide a valuable service and provide potential insurance against bee population declines.
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| 43. |
- Senapathi, Deepa, et al.
(author)
-
Wild insect diversity increases inter-annual stability in global crop pollinator communities
- 2021
-
In: Royal Society of London. Proceedings B. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2954 .- 0962-8452. ; 288:1947
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While an increasing number of studies indicate that the range, diversity and abundance of many wild pollinators has declined, the global area of pollinator-dependent crops has significantly increased over the last few decades. Crop pollination studies to date have mainly focused on either identifying different guilds pollinating various crops, or on factors driving spatial changes and turnover observed in these communities. The mechanisms driving temporal stability for ecosystem functioning and services, however, remain poorly understood. Our study quantifies temporal variability observed in crop pollinators in 21 different crops across multiple years at a global scale. Using data from 43 studies from six continents, we show that (i) higher pollinator diversity confers greater inter-annual stability in pollinator communities, (ii) temporal variation observed in pollinator abundance is primarily driven by the three-most dominant species, and (iii) crops in tropical regions demonstrate higher inter-annual variability in pollinator species richness than crops in temperate regions. We highlight the importance of recognizing wild pollinator diversity in agricultural landscapes to stabilize pollinator persistence across years to protect both biodiversity and crop pollination services. Short-term agricultural management practices aimed at dominant species for stabilizing pollination services need to be considered alongside longer term conservation goals focussed on maintaining and facilitating biodiversity to confer ecological stability.
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| 44. |
- Sidemo-Holm, William, et al.
(author)
-
Reduced crop density increases floral resources to pollinators without affecting crop yield in organic and conventional fields
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 58:7, s. 1421-1430
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effective weed control in agricultural crop fields increases yields, but simultaneously reduces floral resources for pollinators because many weed species provide pollen and nectar. Consequently, efforts to enhance crop yields on organic farms by using effective weed control methods risk compromising positive effects of organic farming on pollinating insects. Thus, it is important to find management strategies that alleviate the trade-off between crop yields and flowering weeds on organic farms. We investigated the relationship between cereal yields, flowering weeds and bumblebees on organic and conventional arable land. We also investigated the potential of adjusting crop sowing density to benefit flowering weed species richness and floral resources to bumblebees without affecting crop yield. Floral resources and species richness of flowering weeds were higher in organic compared to conventional fields and were negatively related to crop yield in organic but not conventional fields (where the variation of floral resources and flowering weed species richness was comparatively low). Bumblebee species richness was higher in organic compared to conventional fields, and abundance was twice as high in organic as in conventional fields, but not significantly so. Yields in organic fields were two thirds of those in conventional fields. When simultaneously testing the effect of farming type (organic vs. conventional), crop yield and floral resources, only floral resources were related significantly to bumblebee abundance and species richness. A lower sowing density of the crop increased floral resources without negatively affecting crop yield. Synthesis and applications. We show that organic farming practices in cereals benefit bumblebees by allowing more flowering weeds, but at a cost in terms of lower yields. However, adjusting crop sowing density provides an opportunity to attain increased floral resources without negatively affecting crop yields. Thus, by increasing floral resources, adjusting crop sowing density may contribute to supporting high bumblebee densities, which in turn sustain pollination services to wild plants and insect-pollinated crops, such as oilseed rape and field beans, in agricultural landscapes. We suggest that sowing strategies have the potential to contribute to ecological intensification by supporting organisms that provide ecosystem services to agriculture.
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| 45. |
- Soares, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
The hidden snake in the grass: superior detection of snakes in challenging attentional conditions
- 2014
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:12, s. Art. no. 0114724-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Snakes have provided a serious threat to primates throughout evolution. Furthermore, bites by venomous snakes still cause significant morbidity and mortality in tropical regions of the world. According to the Snake Detection Theory(SDT Isbell, 2006; 2009), the vital need to detect camouflaged snakes provided strong evolutionary pressure to develop astute perceptual capacity in animals that were potential targets for snake attacks. We performed a series of behavioral tests that assessed snake detection under conditions that may have been critical for survival. We used spiders as the control stimulus because they are also a common object of phobias and rated negatively by the general population, thus commonly lumped together with snakes as ''evolutionary fear-relevant''. Across four experiments (N5205) we demonstrate an advantage in snake detection, which was particularly obvious under visual conditions known to impede detection of a wide array of common stimuli, for example brief stimulus exposures, stimuli presentation in the visual periphery, and stimuli camouflaged in a cluttered environment. Our results demonstrate a striking independence of snake detection from ecological factors that impede the detection of other stimuli, which suggests that, consistent with the SDT, they reflect a specific biological adaptation. Nonetheless, the empirical tests we report are limited to only one aspect of this rich theory, which integrates findings across a wide array of scientific disciplines.
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| 46. |
- Strandberg, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Kulturen fyller mitt liv : en kvalitativ studie om hur kultur kan främja äldres upplevelser av hälsa
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sveriges befolkning blir alltmer äldre och det gör att behovet av en välfungerad hälso och sjukvård blir större. För att vi ska behålla hälsan längre upp i åldrarna behövs åtgärder som är hälsofrämjande, vilket kan vara i form av kulturella aktiviteter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka äldre personers beskrivningar av hur kultur kan främja upplevelse av hälsa. Kvalitativ metod användes i studien med semi-strukturerade intervjuer.Deltagarna valdes ut genom ett strategiskt urval med fokus på givna kriterier, där deltagarna inte skulle ha någon form av demenssjukdom. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes för att få fram kategorier med tillhörande subkategorier. Utifrån resultatet har tre kategorier tagits fram som var Ett liv med kultur, Kultur som påverkansfaktor för hälsa och Kulturaktiviteter som hälsoarbete. Det övergripande temat Äldreperspektiv på kultur har två underliggande subteman Äldres individperspektiv och Äldres grupperspektiv. Slutsats:Kulturella aktiviteter ökar välbefinnandet och livskvaliteten för äldre, vilket ingår för upplevelse av hälsan. Kulturella aktiviteter ökar även gemenskapoch tillhörighet. Det har framkommit att hälsoarbete inom kultur är väsentligtur både ett individ- och grupperspektiv för upplevelsen av hälsa för äldre. Resultatet i studien kan bidra med förståelse för hur kultur kan främja äldres upplevelser av hälsa.
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| 47. |
- Strandberg, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Kulturen fyller mitt liv : en kvalitativ studie om hur kultur kan främja äldres upplevelser av hälsa
- 2016
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sveriges befolkning blir alltmer äldre och det gör att behovet av en välfungerad hälso och sjukvård blir större. För att vi ska behålla hälsan längre upp i åldrarna behövs åtgärder som är hälsofrämjande, vilket kan vara i form av kulturella aktiviteter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka äldre personers beskrivningar av hur kultur kan främja upplevelse av hälsa. Kvalitativ metod användes i studien med semi-strukturerade intervjuer.Deltagarna valdes ut genom ett strategiskt urval med fokus på givna kriterier, där deltagarna inte skulle ha någon form av demenssjukdom. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes för att få fram kategorier med tillhörande subkategorier. Utifrån resultatet har tre kategorier tagits fram som var Ett liv med kultur, Kultur som påverkansfaktor för hälsa och Kulturaktiviteter som hälsoarbete. Det övergripande temat Äldreperspektiv på kultur har två underliggande subteman Äldres individperspektiv och Äldres grupperspektiv. Slutsats:Kulturella aktiviteter ökar välbefinnandet och livskvaliteten för äldre, vilket ingår för upplevelse av hälsan. Kulturella aktiviteter ökar även gemenskapoch tillhörighet. Det har framkommit att hälsoarbete inom kultur är väsentligtur både ett individ- och grupperspektiv för upplevelsen av hälsa för äldre. Resultatet i studien kan bidra med förståelse för hur kultur kan främja äldres upplevelser av hälsa.
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| 48. |
- Whelly, Sandra, et al.
(author)
-
Fertility Defects in Mice Expressing the L68Q Variant of Human Cystatin C A ROLE FOR AMYLOID IN MALE INFERTILITY
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 289:11, s. 7718-7729
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The L68Q variant of cystatin C is highly amyloidogenic forming aggregates in individuals with HCCAA. Results: Spermatozoa from mice expressing human L68Q cystatin C exhibit fertility defects and increased levels of amyloid. Conclusion: L68Q epididymal fluid containing cystatin C amyloid is harmful for sperm function. Significance: Amyloid in the reproductive tract may contribute to male factor infertility. Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy is an autosomal dominant disorder in which a variant form of cystatin C (L68Q) readily forms amyloid deposits in cerebral arteries in affected individuals resulting in early death. L68Q protein deposits in human cystatin C amyloid angiopathy patients have also been found in tissues outside of the brain including the testis, suggesting possible effects on fertility. Heterozygous transgenic mice (L68Q) that express the human L68Q variant of cystatin C under the control of the mouse cystatin C promoter were unable to generate offspring, suggesting the presence of L68Q cystatin C amyloid affected sperm function. In vitro studies showed that epididymal spermatozoa from L68Q mice were unable to fertilize oocytes and exhibited poor sperm motility. Furthermore, spermatozoa from L68Q mice exhibited reduced cell viability compared with wild type (WT) spermatozoa and often were detected in large agglutinated clumps. Examination of the epididymal fluid and spermatozoa from L68Q mice showed increased levels and distinct forms of cystatin C amyloid that were not present in WT mice. The addition of epididymal fluid from L68Q mice to WT spermatozoa resulted in a recapitulation of the L68Q phenotype in that WT spermatozoa showed reduced cell viability and motility compared with WT spermatozoa incubated in epididymal fluid from WT mice. L68Q epididymal fluid that was depleted of cystatin C amyloids, however, did not impair the motility of WT spermatozoa. Taken together these studies suggest that amyloids in the epididymal fluid can be cytotoxic to the maturing spermatozoa resulting in male infertility.
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| 49. |
- Williamson, Alice, et al.
(author)
-
Genome-wide association study and functional characterization identifies candidate genes for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
- 2023
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:6, s. 973-983
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Distinct tissue-specific mechanisms mediate insulin action in fasting and postprandial states. Previous genetic studies have largely focused on insulin resistance in the fasting state, where hepatic insulin action dominates. Here we studied genetic variants influencing insulin levels measured 2 h after a glucose challenge in >55,000 participants from three ancestry groups. We identified ten new loci (P < 5 × 10-8) not previously associated with postchallenge insulin resistance, eight of which were shown to share their genetic architecture with type 2 diabetes in colocalization analyses. We investigated candidate genes at a subset of associated loci in cultured cells and identified nine candidate genes newly implicated in the expression or trafficking of GLUT4, the key glucose transporter in postprandial glucose uptake in muscle and fat. By focusing on postprandial insulin resistance, we highlighted the mechanisms of action at type 2 diabetes loci that are not adequately captured by studies of fasting glycemic traits.
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- Öhman, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Evolutionary derived modulations of attention to two common fear stimuli : Serpents and hostile humans
- 2012
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In: Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2044-5911 .- 2044-592X. ; 24, s. 17-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we present an evolutionary analysis of attention to stimuli that are threatening from an evolutionary perspective, such as angry faces and snakes. We review data showing that angry, photographically depicted angry faces are more rapidly detected than happy faces in a visual search setting provided that they are male and that distractors are redundant in the sense that they are drawn from a small set of faces. Following Isbell's (2009) novel Snake Detection Theory, we predicted that snakes, as the prototypical predators, should be more rapidly detected than spiders, given that spiders have provided less of a predatory threat for primates. We review a series of experiments from our laboratory showing that snakes indeed are more rapidly detected than spiders provided that the target stimuli are presented in a demanding visual context, such as many distractor stimuli, or in peripheral vision. Furthermore, they are more distracting than spiders on the performance of a primary attention task. Because snakes were not affected by perceptual load, whereas spiders followed the usual rule of better detection with low perceptual load, we concluded that attending to snakes might constitute an evolutionary adaptation.
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