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- Jokinen, H., et al.
(author)
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Brain atrophy accelerates cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease The LADIS study
- 2012
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In: Neurology. - 0028-3878. ; 78:22, s. 1785-1792
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine the independent contributions and combined interactions of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), cortical and subcortical atrophy, and white matter lesion (WML) volume in longitudinal cognitive performance. Methods: A total of 477 subjects with age-related WML were evaluated with brain MRI and annual neuropsychological examinations in 3-year follow-up. Baseline MRI determinants of cognitive decline were analyzed with linear mixed models controlling for multiple confounders. Results: MTA and subcortical atrophy predicted significantly steeper rate of decline in global cognitive measures as well as compound scores for psychomotor speed, executive functions, and memory after adjusting for age, gender, education, lacunes/infarcts, and WML volume. Cortical atrophy independently predicted decline in psychomotor speed. WML volume remained significantly associated with cognitive decline even after controlling for the atrophy scores. Moreover, significant synergistic interactions were found between WML and atrophy measures in overall cognitive performance across time and the rate of cognitive decline. Synergistic effects were also observed between baseline lacunar infarcts and all atrophy measures on change in psychomotor speed. The main results remained robust after exclusion of subjects with clinical stroke or incident dementia, and after additional adjustments for progression of WML and lacunes. Conclusions: Brain atrophy and WML are independently related to longitudinal cognitive decline in small vessel disease. MTA, subcortical, and cortical atrophy seem to potentiate the effect of WML and lacunes on cognitive decline. Neurology (R) 2012;78:1785-1792
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- Montiel I Ponsoda, Joan J., et al.
(author)
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A novel all-vapor phase fabrication process for ytterbium-doped fibers with atomic layer deposition method
- 2013
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In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - Washington, D.C. : Optical Society of America (OSA). - 9781557529848
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a novel all-vapor phase fabrication method for producing Yb-doped fibers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in combination with the well-established modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technique. An MCVD soot-preform with a porous layer of SiO2 is coated with layers of Yb2O3 and Al2O3 prior to sintering, using a gas-phase ALD method. An Ybdoped fiber fabricated by this technique shows low background attenuation, uniform longitudinal Yb-doping profile, and good laser characteristics with a slope efficiency of 80%.
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- Ahvenniemi, Esko, et al.
(author)
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Recommended reading list of early publications on atomic layer deposition-Outcome of the "Virtual Project on the History of ALD"
- 2017
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In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 35:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a gas-phase thin film deposition technique based on repeated, self-terminating gas-solid reactions, has become the method of choice in semiconductor manufacturing and many other technological areas for depositing thin conformal inorganic material layers for various applications. ALD has been discovered and developed independently, at least twice, under different names: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and molecular layering. ALE, dating back to 1974 in Finland, has been commonly known as the origin of ALD, while work done since the 1960s in the Soviet Union under the name "molecular layering" (and sometimes other names) has remained much less known. The virtual project on the history of ALD (VPHA) is a volunteer-based effort with open participation, set up to make the early days of ALD more transparent. In VPHA, started in July 2013, the target is to list, read and comment on all early ALD academic and patent literature up to 1986. VPHA has resulted in two essays and several presentations at international conferences. This paper, based on a poster presentation at the 16th International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition in Dublin, Ireland, 2016, presents a recommended reading list of early ALD publications, created collectively by the VPHA participants through voting. The list contains 22 publications from Finland, Japan, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and United States. Up to now, a balanced overview regarding the early history of ALD has been missing; the current list is an attempt to remedy this deficiency.
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- Alenius, M, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive Performance among Cognitively Healthy Adults Aged 30-100 Years
- 2019
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In: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra. - : S. Karger AG. - 1664-5464. ; 9:1, s. 11-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> To detect cognitive decline in older adults, measures of verbal fluency and verbal memory are widely used. Less is known about performance in these measures in younger persons or according to education level and gender. We investigated cognitive performance according to age, education and gender among cognitively healthy adults aged 30–100 years. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study population comprised 4,174 cognitively healthy persons participating in the nationally representative Finnish Health 2011 survey. Cognitive assessment included verbal fluency, word list memory, word list recall and word list savings from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological battery. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Total variance in the cognitive test performance explained by age, education and gender varied from 12.3 to 31.2%. A decreasing trend in cognitive performance existed in all subtests by advancing age, with differences appearing between 50 and 55 years. Persons with the highest-education level performed best for all measures. For the participants < 55 years, education explained part of the variance, while age and gender did not. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> When assessing cognition, age and education should be accounted for in more detail in research and clinical practice. Additionally, the cohort effect and its potential impact on the renewal cycle of future normative values for cognitive tests should be considered.
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- Komulainen, K, et al.
(author)
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Long-term residential sunlight exposure associated with cognitive function among adults residing in Finland
- 2022
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 20818-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While sunlight may influence cognitive function through several pathways, associations of residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function are not well known. We evaluated associations of long-term residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function among a representative cohort of 1838 Finnish adults residing in Finland who underwent comprehensive cognitive assessment in midlife. We linked daily recordings of global solar radiation to study participants using residential information and calculated the average daily residential exposure to sunlight for four exposure time intervals: 2 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years prior to the date of the cognition assessment. Associations of the residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function were assessed using linear regression analyses adjusting for season, sex, age, and individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics. Greater average residential sunlight exposure over 2 and 5 years prior to the cognitive function assessment was associated with better global cognitive function (b = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.25; b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.29, per 1 MJ/m2 difference in sunlight exposure), while no associations with global cognitive function were observed at shorter exposure time intervals. In domain-specific analyses, greater residential exposure to sunlight over 1, 2 and 5 years prior to the cognitive function assessment was associated with better performance on new learning and visual memory (b = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.20; b = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.28; b = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.31) and sustained attention (b = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.25; b = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.30; b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.29), but worse performance on reaction time (b = − 0.12, 95% CI = − 0.22, − 0.02; b = -0.15, 95% CI = − 0.28, − 0.02; b = − 0.18, 95% CI = − 0.30, − 0.05). Residential sunlight exposure was not associated with executive function. These findings suggest long-term residential sunlight exposure may be an environmental factor influencing cognitive function among a cognitively healthy cohort residing in Northern Europe. Further studies in populations residing in different geographical locations are needed.
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- Loid, P, et al.
(author)
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Case report: A novel de novo IGF2 missense variant in a Finnish patient with Silver-Russell syndrome
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2360. ; 10, s. 969881-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS, OMIM 180860) is a rare imprinting disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, feeding difficulties in early childhood, characteristic facial features, and body asymmetry. The molecular cause most commonly relates to hypomethylation of the imprinted 11p15.5 IGF2/H19 domain but remains unknown in about 40% of the patients. Recently, heterozygous paternally inherited pathogenic variants in IGF2, the gene encoding insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), have been identified in patients with SRS. We report a novel de novo missense variant in IGF2 (c.122T > G, p.Leu41Arg) on the paternally derived allele in a 16-year-old boy with a clinical diagnosis of SRS. The missense variant was identified by targeted exome sequencing and predicted pathogenic by multiple in silico tools. It affects a highly conserved residue on a domain that is important for binding of other molecules. Our finding expands the spectrum of disease-causing variants in IGF2. Targeted exome sequencing is a useful diagnostic tool in patients with negative results of common diagnostic tests for SRS.
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| 18. |
- Muurinen, M, et al.
(author)
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Hypomethylation of HOXA4 promoter is common in Silver-Russell syndrome and growth restriction and associates with stature in healthy children
- 2017
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1, s. 15693-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a growth retardation syndrome in which loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (11p15 LOM) and maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 [UPD(7)mat] explain 20–60% and 10% of the syndrome, respectively. To search for a molecular cause for the remaining SRS cases, and to find a possible common epigenetic change, we studied DNA methylation pattern of more than 450 000 CpG sites in 44 SRS patients. Common to all three SRS subgroups, we found a hypomethylated region at the promoter region of HOXA4 in 55% of the patients. We then tested 39 patients with severe growth restriction of unknown etiology, and found hypomethylation of HOXA4 in 44% of the patients. Finally, we found that methylation at multiple CpG sites in the HOXA4 promoter region was associated with height in a cohort of 227 healthy children, suggesting that HOXA4 may play a role in regulating human growth by epigenetic mechanisms.
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| 20. |
- Wang, Y., et al.
(author)
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Probing Electronic States in Monolayer Semiconductors through Static and Transient Third-Harmonic Spectroscopies
- 2022
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In: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 34:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electronic states and their dynamics are of critical importance for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, various relevant electronic states in monolayer MoS2, such as multiple excitonic Rydberg states and free-particle energy bands are probed with a high relative contrast of up to ≥200 via broadband (from ≈1.79 to 3.10 eV) static third-harmonic spectroscopy (THS), which is further supported by theoretical calculations. Moreover, transient THS is introduced to demonstrate that third-harmonic generation can be all-optically modulated with a modulation depth exceeding ≈94% at ≈2.18 eV, providing direct evidence of dominant carrier relaxation processes associated with carrier–exciton and carrier–phonon interactions. The results indicate that static and transient THS are not only promising techniques for the characterization of monolayer semiconductors and their heterostructures, but also a potential platform for disruptive photonic and optoelectronic applications, including all-optical modulation and imaging.
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