| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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In: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 8. |
- Chen, Zhen, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for imaging fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)
- 2020
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In: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 30:21
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) exerts its main function in the catabolism of the endogenous chemical messenger anandamide (AEA), thus modulating the endocannabinoid (eCB) pathway. Inhibition of FAAH may serve as an effective strategy to relieve anxiety and possibly other central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) would facilitate us to better understand the relationship between FAAH in certain disease conditions, and accelerate clinical translation of FAAH inhibitors by providing in vivo quantitative information. So far, most PET tracers show irreversible binding patterns with FAAH, which would result in complicated quantitative processes. Herein, we have identified a new FAAH inhibitor (1-((1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)piperidin-4-yl)(oxazol-2-yl)methanone (8) which inhibits the hydrolysis of AEA in the brain with high potency (IC50 value 11 nM at a substrate concentration of 0.5 µM), and without showing time-dependency. The PET tracer [11C]8 (also called [11C]FAAH-1906) was successfully radiolabeled with [11C]MeI in 17 ± 6% decay-corrected radiochemical yield (n = 7) with >74.0 GBq/μmol (2 Ci/μmol) molar activity and >99% radiochemical purity. Ex vivo biodistribution and blocking studies of [11C]8 in normal mice were also conducted, indicating good brain penetration, high brain target selectivity, and modest to excellent target selectivity in peripheral tissues. Thus, [11C]8 is a potentially useful PET ligand with enzyme inhibitory and target binding properties consistent with a reversible mode of action.
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| 9. |
- Guo, Hui-Hui, et al.
(author)
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Alleviation of allergic asthma by rosmarinic acid via gut-lung axis
- 2024
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In: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 126
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Asthma affects 3% of the global population, leading to over 0.25 million deaths. Due to its complexity, asthma is difficult to cure or prevent, and current therapies have limitations. This has led to a growing demand for alternative asthma treatments. We found rosmarinic acid (RosA) as a potential new drug candidate from natural medicine. However, RosA has poor bioavailability and remains mainly in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in its bioactivity. Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of RosA in alleviating allergic asthma by gut-lung axis. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites analysis to investigate RosA's modulation of gut microbiota. Techniques of molecular biology and metabolomics were employed to study the pharmacological mechanism of RosA. Cohousing was used to confirm the involvement of gut microbiota in RosA-induced improvement of allergic asthma. Results: RosA decreased cholate levels from spore-forming bacteria, leading to reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) synthesis, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. It also increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, facilitating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins to promote intestinal integrity. SCFAs upregulated intestinal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), thereby improving their systemic delivery to reduce Th2/ILC2 mediated inflammatory response and suppress eosinophil influx and mucus production in lung. Additionally, RosA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and translocation, leading to reduced TLR4-NF kappa B mediated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The anti-asthmatic mechanism of oral RosA is primarily driven by modulation of gut microbiotaderived 5-HT, SCFAs, and LPS, achieving a combined synergistic effect. RosA is a safe, effective, and reliable drug candidate that could potentially replace glucocorticoids for asthma treatment.
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| 10. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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In: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 11. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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In: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 12. |
- Ma, Tao, et al.
(author)
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Genomic insights into salt adaptation in a desert poplar
- 2013
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2797-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the high economic and ecological importance of forests, our knowledge of the genomic evolution of trees under salt stress remains very limited. Here we report the genome sequence of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, which exhibits high tolerance to salt stress. Its genome is very similar and collinear to that of the closely related mesophytic congener, P. trichocarpa. However, we find that several gene families likely to be involved in tolerance to salt stress contain significantly more gene copies within the P. euphratica lineage. Furthermore, genes showing evidence of positive selection are significantly enriched in functional categories related to salt stress. Some of these genes, and others within the same categories, are significantly upregulated under salt stress relative to their expression in another salt-sensitive poplar. Our results provide an important background for understanding tree adaptation to salt stress and facilitating the genetic improvement of cultivated poplars for saline soils.
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| 13. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(author)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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In: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 14. |
- Zhao, Peng, et al.
(author)
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Lentiviral vector mediated siRNA knock-down of hTERT results in diminished capacity in invasiveness and in vivo growth of human glioma cells in a telomere length-independent manner
- 2007
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In: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439. ; 31:2, s. 361-368
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glioma cells are characterized by their invasiveness and resistance against conventional therapeutics. Telomerase activity has been suggested to be an important target for glioma treatment. Here we assessed the anticancer effects and its potential mechanisms of lentiviral vector mediated siRNA knock-down of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in U87MG human glioblastoma cells. Stable expression of anti-hTERT siRNA reduced the hTERT expression and TRAP assay telomerase activity to barely detectable levels. Injection of lentiviral vectors encoding anti-hTERT siRNA significantly inhibited the growth of preestablished macroscopic xenograft tumors, which was in contrast to the finding that no obvious effects on cell growth, cell cycle progression and telomere length were observed in anti-hTERT siRNA expressing U87MG cells during short-term in vitro cultures. The in vivo glioma growth inhibition effect was already evident in the period coincided with no detectable telomere length changes, suggesting that hTERT inhibition may hinder glioma cell growth in a telomere length-independent manner. Importantly, transwell migration assay showed profound inhibitory effect on the invasive capacity of U87MG cells following short-term anti-hTERT siRNA expression. Thus, efficient knock-down of hTERT can inhibit glioma cell proliferation and migration prior to its effect on telomere length.
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| 15. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 16. |
- Ai, Yue-Jie, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Repair of DNA Dewar Photoproduct to (6-4) photoproduct in (6-4) Photolyase
- 2011
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 115:37, s. 10976-10982
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dewar photoproduct (Dewar PP) is the valence isomer of (6-4) photoproduct ((6-4)PP) in photodamaged DNA. Compared to the extensive studied CPD photoproducts, the underlying repair mechanisms for the (6-4)PP, and especially for the Dewar PP, are not well-established to date. In this paper, the repair mechanism of DNA Dewar photoproduct T(dew)C in (6-4) photolyase was elucidated using hybrid density functional theory. Our results showed that, during the repair process, the T(dew)C has to isomerize to T(6-4)C photolesion first via direct C6'-N3' bond cleavage facilitated by electron injection. This isomerization mechanism is energetically much more efficient than other possible rearrangement pathways. The calculations provide a theoretical interpretation to recent experimental observations.
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| 17. |
- Chen, Shi-Lu, et al.
(author)
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Phosphate Monoester Hydrolysis by Trinuclear Alkaline Phosphatase; DFT Study of Transition States and Reaction Mechanism
- 2014
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In: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4235 .- 1439-7641. ; 15:11, s. 2321-2330
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a trinuclear metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of phosphate monoesters to form inorganic phosphate and alcohol (or phenol). In this paper, by using density functional theory with a model based on a crystal structure, the AP-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters is investigated by calculating two substrates, that is, methyl and p-nitrophenyl phosphates, which represent alkyl and aryl phosphates, respectively. The calculations confirm that the AP reaction employs a ping-pong mechanism involving two chemical displacement steps, that is, the displacement of the substrate leaving group by a Ser102 alkoxide and the hydrolysis of the phosphoseryl intermediate by a Zn2-bound hydroxide. Both displacement steps proceed via a concerted associative pathway no matter which substrate is used. Other mechanistic aspects are also studied. Comparison of our calculations with linear free energy relationships experiments shows good agreement.
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| 18. |
- Chen, Xue, et al.
(author)
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Co-Doped Fe3S4Nanoflowers for Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation to Ammonia under Mild Conditions
- 2022
-
In: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 61:49, s. 20123-20132
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compared with the Haber Bosch process, the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under mild conditions provides an alternative and promising route for ammonia synthesis due to its green and sustainable features. However, the great energy barrier to break the stable NN bond hinders the practical application of NRR. Though Fe is the only common metal element in all biological nitrogenases in nature, there is still a lack of study on developing highly efficient and low-cost Fe-based catalysts for N2fixation. Herein, Co-doped Fe3S4nanoflowers were fabricated as the intended catalyst for NRR. The results indicate that 4% Co-doped Fe3S4nanoflowers achieve a high Faradaic efficiency of 17% and a NH3yield rate of 37.5 μg·h-1·mg-1cat.at-0.55 V versus RHE potential in 0.1 M HCl, which is superior to most Fe-based catalysts. The introduction of Co atoms can not only shift the partial density states of Fe3S4toward the Fermi level but also serve as new active centers to promote N2absorption, lowering the energy barrier of the potential determination step to accelerate the catalytic process. This work paves a pathway of the morphology and doping engineering for Fe-based electrocatalysts to enhance ammonia synthesis.
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| 19. |
- Chen, Zhen, et al.
(author)
-
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Reversible and Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Using a "Tail Switching" Strategy on a Piperazinyl Azetidine Skeleton
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 62:7, s. 3336-3353
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a senile hydrolase that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the endocannabinoid system (eCB). Selective inhibition of MAGL has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we disclose a novel array of reversible and irreversible MAGL inhibitors by means of "tail switching" on a piperazinyl azetidine scaffold. We developed a lead irreversible-binding MAGL inhibitor 8 and reversible-binding compounds 17 and 37, which are amenable for radiolabeling with C-11 or F-18. [C-11]8 ([C-11]MAGL-2-11) exhibited high brain uptake and excellent binding specificity in the brain toward MAGL. Reversible radioligands [C-11]17 ([C-11]PAD) and [F-18]37 ([F-18]MAGL-4-11) also demonstrated excellent in vivo binding specificity toward MAGL in peripheral organs. This work may pave the way for the development of MAGL-targeted positron emission tomography tracers with tunability in reversible and irreversible binding mechanisms.
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| 20. |
- Cheng, Ran, et al.
(author)
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In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of C-11-Labeled Azetidinecarboxylates for Imaging Monoacylglycerol Lipase by PET Imaging Studies
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 61:6, s. 2278-2291
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the principle enzyme for metabolizing endogenous cannabinoid ligand 2-arachidonoyglycerol (2-AG). Blockade of MAGL increases 2-AG levels, resulting in subsequent activation of the endocannabinoid system, and has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat drug addiction, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we report a new series of MAGL inhibitors, which were radiolabeled by site-specific labeling technologies, including C-11-carbonylation and spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) radio fluorination. The lead compound [C-11]10 (MAGL-0519) demonstrated high specific binding and selectivity in vitro and in vivo. We also observed unexpected washout kinetics with these irreversible radiotracers, in which in vivo evidence for turnover of the covalent residue was unveiled between MAGL and azetidine carboxylates. This work may lead to new directions for drug discovery and PET tracer development based on azetidine carboxylate inhibitor scaffold.
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| 21. |
- Gao, Jingfang, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Association of NFKBIA polymorphism with colorectal cancer risk and prognosis in Swedish and Chinese populations
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 42:3, s. 345-350
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The inhibitory proteins, IκBs, regulate the activity of nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB), which is implicated in tumorigenesis by regulating expression of a variety of genes involved in cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Variants in the genes encoding IκBs may be involved in cancer development through the activation of NF-κB. The objective of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of an A to G variation (rs696) in the 3′ UTR of NFKBIA (encoding IκBα) to colorectal cancer (CRC) and the association of this polymorphism with clinicopathologic variables in CRC patients. Material and methods. A case-control study was carried out on a Swedish (155 CRCs, 438 controls) and a Chinese population (199 CRCs, 577 controls). The genotype of NFKBIA was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results. The frequency of the AG genotype was increased in the Chinese patients ≥50 years of age compared with the Chinese controls (odds ratio (OR) = 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55-6.02, p=0.001), even when adjusted for age (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.61-6.38, p=0.001). The GG genotype of NFKBIA was related to a poorer survival rate in the Swedish patients, independent of gender, age, tumour location, Dukes' stage and differentiation (hazard ratio = 3.10, 95% Cl = 1.28-7.60, p=0.01). Conclusions. Chinese individuals ≥50 years of age carrying the AG genotype of NFKBIA may be at an increased risk of developing CRC, and the GG genotype of NFKBIA may be considered as a prognostic factor for Swedish CRC patients. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Gao, Xindong, et al.
(author)
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Epitaxy of Ultrathin NiSi2 Films with Predetermined Thickness
- 2011
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In: Electrochemical and solid-state letters. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1099-0062 .- 1944-8775. ; 14:7, s. H268-H270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This letter presents a proof-of-concept process for tunable, self-limiting growth of ultrathin epitaxial NiSi2 films on Si (100). The process starts with metal sputter-deposition, followed by wet etching and then silicidation. By ionizing a fraction of the sputtered Ni atoms and biasing the Si substrate, the amount of Ni atoms incorporated in the substrate after wet etching can be controlled. As a result, the thickness of the NiSi2 films is increased from 4.7 to 7.2 nm by changing the nominal substrate bias from 0 to 600 V. The NiSi2 films are characterized by a specific resistivity around 50 mu Omega cm.
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| 24. |
- Hållstedt, Julius, et al.
(author)
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A robust spacer gate process for deca-nanometer high-frequency MOSFETs
- 2006
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In: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 83:3, s. 434-439
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper, presents a robust spacer technology for definition of deca-nanometer gate length MOSFETs. Conformal deposition, selective anisotropic dry-etching and selective removal of sacrificial layers enabled patterning of an oxide hard mask with deca-nanometer lines combined with structures defined with I-line lithography on a wafer. The spacer gate technology produces negligible topographies on the hard mask and no residual particles could be detected on the wafer. The line-width roughness of 40 nm poly-Si gate lines was 4 nm and the conductance of 200 pm long lines exhibited a standard deviation of 6% across a wafer. nMOSFETs with 45 nm gate length exhibited controlled short-channel effects and the average maximum transconductance in saturation was 449 mu S/mu m with a standard deviation of 3.7% across a wafer. The devices exhibited a cut-off frequency above 100 GHz at a drain current of 315 mu A/mu m. The physical and electrical results show that the employed spacer gate technology is robust and can define deca-nanometer nMOSFETs with high yield and good uniformity.
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| 25. |
- Jash, Sukanta, et al.
(author)
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Cis P-tau is a central circulating and placental etiologic driver and therapeutic target of preeclampsia
- 2023
-
In: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality globally and may trigger dementia later in life in mothers and their offspring. However, the etiological drivers remain elusive. Cis P-tau is an early etiological driver and blood biomarker in pre-clinical Alzheimers and after vascular or traumatic brain injury, which can be targeted by stereo-specific antibody, with clinical trials ongoing. Here we find significant cis P-tau in the placenta and serum of PE patients, and in primary human trophoblasts exposed to hypoxia or sera from PE patients due to Pin1 inactivation. Depletion of cis P-tau from PE patient sera by the antibody prevents their ability to disrupt trophoblast invasion and endovascular activity and to cause the PE-like pathological and clinical features in pregnant humanized tau mice. Our studies uncover that cis P-tau is a central circulating etiological driver and its stereo-specific antibody is valuable for early PE diagnosis and treatment.
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| 26. |
- Jiang, Ziwei, et al.
(author)
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Characterterization of multi-scale nanosilver paste reinforced with SIC particles
- 2020
-
In: China Semiconductor Technology International Conference 2020, CSTIC 2020.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanosilver paste with high operation temperature and low sintering temperature has attracted more and more attention for its promising application in high power devices. In this paper, the thermal properties of multi-scale nanosilver paste composed of nanometer and micrometer silver particles, and Ag-coated SiC particles were investigated. The thermal conductivity of multi-scale nanosilver paste increases with the increasing amount of SiC particles with Ag coating. The maximum value of Vickers hardness for multi-scale nanosilver paste with 0.5 wt.% Ag-coated SiC particles were 24.
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| 27. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(author)
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Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
-
In: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 28. |
- Li, Miao, et al.
(author)
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Unmanned aerial vehicle scheduling problem for traffic monitoring
- 2018
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In: Computers and Industrial Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-8352. ; 122, s. 15-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For more accurate multiple-period real-time monitoring of road traffic, this paper investigates the unmanned aerial vehicle scheduling problem with uncertain demands. A mixed integer programming model is designed for this problem by combining the capacitated arc routing problem with the inventory routing problem. A local branching based solution method is developed to solve the model. A case study which applies this model to the road traffic in Shanghai is performed. In addition, numerical experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the efficiency of the proposed solution method.
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| 29. |
- Li, N., et al.
(author)
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Detection wavelengths and photocurrents of very long wavelength quantum-well infrared photodetectors
- 2005
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In: Infrared Physics and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4495. ; 47:1-2, s. 29-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on detailed studies of the energy band structure and the optical transitions in very long wavelength (>14 μm) GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well (QW) infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), we have built a practical QWIP model. We study the factors that determine photogenerated carriers and response wavelengths of photocurrents of very long wavelength QWIPs. The material structures of QWIPs are first characterized by the photoluminescence measurements (PL) at room temperature and 77 K respectively. We have found and confirmed a distinctive difference between photocurrent of QWIPs with only one confined state in the quantum well (QW) and those binding two confined states, which resulted in different dependence of detection wavelength on the quantum well width. Also, we have investigated the dependence of response wavelength on several other parameters for very long wavelength QWIPs, such as barrier width and Al mole fraction. By calculating the density of photogenerated carriers in the continuum above the energy barriers using the PL calibrated QWIP structures, we have demonstrated that due to the high sample quality, the photocarriers can be either in miniband states (Bloch states in the multiple quantum wells), or they transport from one quantum well to the next in the form of propagating waves. We have further calculated the densities of photocarriers in the QWIPs reported in the literature. It is shown that the Bloch wave boundary conditions are appropriate for QWIPs with narrow QWs, whereas propagating wave boundary conditions are appropriate for wide QWs.
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| 30. |
- Li, You, et al.
(author)
-
Preinvasion Assessment of Exotic Bark Beetle-Vectored Fungi to Detect Tree-Killing Pathogens
- 2022
-
In: Phytopathology. - 0031-949X. ; 112:2, s. 261-270
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exotic diseases and pests of trees have caused continental-scale disturbances in forest ecosystems and industries, and their invasions are considered largely unpredictable. We tested the concept of preinvasion assessment of not yet invasive organisms, which enables empirical risk assessment of potential invasion and impact. Our example assesses fungi associated with Old World bark and ambrosia beetles and their potential to impact North American trees. We selected 55 Asian and European scolytine beetle species using host use, economic, and regulatory criteria. We isolated 111 of their most consistent fungal associates and tested their effect on four important southeastern American pine and oak species. Our test dataset found no highly virulent pathogens that should be classified as an imminent threat. Twenty-two fungal species were minor pathogens, which may require context-dependent response for their vectors at North American borders, while most of the tested fungi displayed no significant impact. Our results are significant in three ways; they ease the concerns over multiple overseas fungus vectors suspected of heightened potential risk, they provide a basis for the focus on the prevention of introduction and establishment of species that may be of consequence, and they demonstrate that preinvasion assessment, if scaled up, can support practical risk assessment of exotic pathogens.
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| 31. |
- Li, Zhijian, et al.
(author)
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Systematic exploration of essential yeast gene function with temperature-sensitive mutants.
- 2011
-
In: Nature biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1696 .- 1087-0156. ; 29:4, s. 361-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conditional temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are valuable reagents for studying essential genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We constructed 787 ts strains, covering 497 (∼45%) of the 1,101 essential yeast genes, with ∼30% of the genes represented by multiple alleles. All of the alleles are integrated into their native genomic locus in the S288C common reference strain and are linked to a kanMX selectable marker, allowing further genetic manipulation by synthetic genetic array (SGA)-based, high-throughput methods. We show two such manipulations: barcoding of 440 strains, which enables chemical-genetic suppression analysis, and the construction of arrays of strains carrying different fluorescent markers of subcellular structure, which enables quantitative analysis of phenotypes using high-content screening. Quantitative analysis of a GFP-tubulin marker identified roles for cohesin and condensin genes in spindle disassembly. This mutant collection should facilitate a wide range of systematic studies aimed at understanding the functions of essential genes.
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| 32. |
- Liao, Rong-Zhen, et al.
(author)
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Unraveling the Mechanism and Regioselectivity of the B12-Dependent Reductive Dehalogenase PceA
- 2016
-
In: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 22:35, s. 12391-12399
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PceA is a cobalamin-dependent reductive dehalogenase that catalyzes the dechlorination of perchloroethylene to trichloroethylene and then to cis-dichloroethylene as the sole final product. The reaction mechanism and the regioselectivity of this enzyme are investigated by using density functional calculations. Four different substrates, namely, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, cis-dichloroethylene, and chlorotheylene, have been considered and were found to follow the same reaction mechanism pattern. The reaction starts with the reduction of Co-II to Co-I through a proton-coupled electron transfer process, with the proton delivered to a Tyr246 anion. This is followed by concerted C-Cl bond heterolytic cleavage and proton transfer from Tyr246 to the substrate carbon atom, generating a Co-III-Cl intermediate. Subsequently, a one-electron transfer leads to the formation of the Co-II-Cl product, from which the chloride and the dehalogenated product can be released from the active site. The substrate reactivity follows the trend perchloroethylene>trichloroethylene >> cis-dichloroethylene >> chlorotheylene. The barriers for the latter two substrates are significantly higher compared with those for perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene, implying that PceA does not catalyze their degradation. In addition, the formation of cis-dichloroethylene has a lower barrier by 3.8kcalmol(-1) than the formation of trans-dichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene, reproducing the regioselectivity. These results agree quite well with the experimental findings, which show cis-dichloroethylene as the sole product in the PceA-catalyzed dechlorination of perchloethylene and trichloroethylene.
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| 33. |
- Liao, Rong-Zhen, et al.
(author)
-
Which Oxidation State Initiates Dehalogenation in the B12-Dependent Enzyme NpRdhA : Co-II, COI or Co-0?
- 2015
-
In: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 5:12, s. 7350-7358
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The quantum chemical cluster approach was used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of debromination catalyzed by the B12-dependent reductive dehalogenase NpRdliA. Various pathways, involving different oxidation states of the cobalt ion and different protonation states of the model, have been analyzed in order to find the most favorable one. We find that the reductive C Br cleavage takes place exclusively at the Co' state via a heterolytic pathway in the singlet state. Importantly, the C-H bond formation and the C Br bond cleavage proceeds via a concerted transition state, as opposed to the stepwise pathway suggested before. C Br cleavage at the Coll state has a very high barrier, and the reduction of Co' to Co is associated with a very negative potential; thus, reductive dehalogenation at Coll and Co can be safely ruled out. Examination of substrate with different halogen substitutions (F, Cl, Br, I) shows that the dehalogenation reactivity follows the order C I > C Br > C-C1 > C-F, and the barrier for defluorination is so high that NpRdhA cannot catalyze that reaction.
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| 34. |
- Long, Xu, et al.
(author)
-
Finite Element Analysis to the Constitutive Behavior of Sintered Silver Nanoparticles Under Nanoindentation
- 2018
-
In: International Journal of Applied Mechanics. - 1758-8251 .- 1758-826X. ; 10:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Finite element (FE) simulation is adopted as a fundamental tool to evaluate the mechanical reliability of packaging structures for electronic devices. Nevertheless, the determination of mechanical properties of sintered silver nanoparticles (AgNP) remains challenging as the traditional tensile test is difficult to be performed at a limited size. In the current study, spherical nanoindentation is utilized to measure the applied load-penetration depth responses of sintered AgNP reinforced by SiC microparticles at various weight ratios (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%). To describe the elasto-plastic behavior of this heterogeneous material, FE analysis is performed to simulate the indentation behavior and determine the parameters in the modified power-law model by fitting the average applied load-penetration depth responses. To overcome the uniqueness problem, the Young's modulus is directly determined by continuous stiffness measurement technique and the proposed constitutive model can provide a reasonably accurate mechanical estimation of sintered AgNP. The effect of SiC content on sintered AgNP is discussed by correlating the morphology observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the constitutive parameters obtained from the FE simulations.
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| 35. |
- Long, Xu, et al.
(author)
-
Mechanical behaviour of sintered silver nanoparticles reinforced by SiC microparticles
- 2019
-
In: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093. ; 744, s. 406-414
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SiC microparticles with various weight ratios (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%) are incorporated into sintered silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as one of the promising packaging materials for high-power electronic devices. Mechanical properties and constitutive behaviour of sintered AgNP reinforced by SiC microparticles are investigated based on nanoindentation experiment and analytical approach. Nanoindentations were performed in the manner of continuous stiffness measurement for a maximum penetration depth of 2000 nm at a strain rate of 0.05 s−1. Particularly, a Berkovich indenter is utilized to evaluate the values of Young's modulus and hardness, and a spherical indenter is utilized to describe the constitutive behaviour. For sintered AgNP with 0.5 wt% SiC, the morphology exhibits uniformly compact microstructures to enable optimizing the heat conductivity, the yield strength and hardening capacity of sintered AgNP material is enhanced. To describe the constitutive behaviour, an analytical approach is proposed to simulate the indentation behaviour. The parameters in the modified power-law model are determined by fitting the average indentation responses. The developed correlation between microstructure and macroscopic properties facilitates the design of AgNP paste morphology and improves the mechanical properties of sintered AgNP in electronics packaging.
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| 36. |
- Lu, Qi, et al.
(author)
-
A Multi-objective Design Optimization of a Centrifugal Cooling Fan on a TEFC Motor
- 2017
-
In: Mechanism And Machine Science. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811028755 - 9789811028748 ; , s. 1355-1364
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A design optimization method of a centrifugal fan on a totally-enclosed fan-cooled (TEFC) motor was studied in this paper. A multi-objective optimization problem was formulated which is to decrease noise level of fan and to increase air flow rate at the same time. Two design variables, namely fan diameter (D) and blade height (H), were investigated. Responses surface models were established based on design of experiments to identify the mathematical relationships between fan performances and the design parameters. These models were later used in optimization. As a result, a Pareto front was obtained which illustrated the optimal trade-offs that can be achieved in design. The Pareto front was then experimentally verified on an in-house test rig by using acoustic holography techniques.
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| 37. |
- Lu, Wen, et al.
(author)
-
Design concept of a narrow-wideband antenna for spectrum sensing applications
- 2011
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Design concept of a novel combined antenna for cognitive radio applications is proposed and numerically verified. The antenna is composed of a wideband circular monopole and a narrowband dipole. The impedance bandwidth of the wideband monopole antenna is from 4.25-10GHz. The narrowband dipole antenna's central frequency is 5.8GHz. The isolation between the two elements is higher than 50dB, which indicates that the two elements independently co-exist within a small printed circuit board (PCB). The design concept proposed in this paper should be useful to the design and realization of compact, planar antennas and antenna modules having spectrum sensing function.
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| 38. |
- Lu, Xiuzhen, et al.
(author)
-
Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Ag Joints Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1543-186X .- 0361-5235. ; 51:11, s. 6310-6319
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nano-silver paste has been considered to be one of the most promising materials for interconnects of semiconductor devices operating at high temperature. However, its application is limited by conventional sintering methods due to the long dwell time. In this paper, a spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique with a very short sintering time of no more than 5 min was explored for the sintering of nano-silver paste. The effects of sintering conditions including pretreatment time, sintering temperature, dwell time and applied pressure on shear strength and thermal conductivity of the sintered Ag joints were investigated. The shear strength of sintered Ag joints increased as the sintering temperature and applied pressure increased. Robust sintered Ag joints with an average shear strength of 40.18 MPa were obtained by sintering at 300 degrees C for 5 min under a pressure of 3 MPa. The thermal properties were improved by pretreating the nano-silver paste for a shorter time. Thermal conductivity of 41.50 W m(-1) K-1 is obtained for samples pretreated for 25 min and sintered at 250 degrees C for 5 min.
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| 39. |
- Lu, Ya-Ke, et al.
(author)
-
Reciprocal relationship between psychosocial work stress and quality of life : the role of gender and education from the longitudinal study of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
- 2019
-
In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To investigate the reciprocal relationship between psychosocial work stress and quality of life (QoL) and to examine whether the relationship can be moderated by gender or education. Design Longitudinal, population-based study. Setting The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Participants The study population was derived from the SHARE, and there were 2006 participants with good QoL at baseline, 1109 with high job control and 1072 with high job reward, respectively, who were followed up for 2 years to detect incidence of poor QoL, low job control and low job reward. Main outcome measures Logistic regression models were employed to explore the reciprocal relationship between psychological work stress and QoL. Stratification analyses by gender and education were performed. Results Participants with low reward (OR= 1.53, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.88) and low control (OR= 1.40, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.71) at baseline were at higher risk of poor QoL over the 2-year follow-up. The combination of low reward and low control further increased the risk (OR= 1.90, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.48). Stratified analyses revealed that these associations were more pronounced among those who had high levels of education. Further, individuals with poor QoL were at significantly higher risk of having low reward (OR= 2.14, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.96) but not low control (OR= 1.33, 95% CI0.98 to 1.79) at the 2-year follow-up, especially among those who had medium levels of education. No gender differences were found. Conclusions There is a reciprocal relationship between psychological work stress and poor QoL. Education may play an important role in the relationship.
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| 40. |
- Lu, Yang, et al.
(author)
-
sp-Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal-Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
- 2022
-
In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 61:39
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest for broad applications in catalysis and gas separation due to their high porosity. However, the insulating feature and the limited active sites hindered MOFs as photocathode active materials for application in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, we develop a layered conductive two-dimensional conjugated MOF (2D c-MOF) comprising sp-carbon active sites based on arylene-ethynylene macrocycle ligand via CuO4 linking, named as Cu3HHAE2. This sp-carbon 2D c-MOF displays apparent semiconducting behavior and broad light absorption till the near-infrared band (1600 nm). Due to the abundant acetylene units, the Cu3HHAE2 could act as the first case of MOF photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation and presents a record hydrogen-evolution photocurrent density of ≈260 μA cm−2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode among the structurally-defined cocatalyst-free organic photocathodes.
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| 41. |
- Luo, Jun, et al.
(author)
-
Surface-energy triggered phase formation and epitaxy in nanometer-thick Ni1-xPtx silicide films
- 2010
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 96:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The formation of ultrathin silicide films of Ni1-xPtx at 450-850 degrees C is reported. Without Pt (x=0) and for t(Ni)< 4 nm, epitaxially aligned NiSi2-y films readily grow and exhibit extraordinary morphological stability up to 800 degrees C. For t(Ni)>= 4 nm, polycrystalline NiSi films form and agglomerate at lower temperatures for thinner films. Without Ni (x=1) and for t(Pt)=1-20 nm, the annealing behavior of the resulting PtSi films follows that for the NiSi films. The results for Ni1-xPtx of other compositions support the above observations. Surface energy is discussed as the cause responsible for the distinct behavior in phase formation and morphological stability.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Lv, Zhen, et al.
(author)
-
Highly thermally conductive substrate based on graphene film
- 2021
-
In: 2021 23rd European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference and Exhibition, EMPC 2021. ; , s. 195-199
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Heat dissipation has become one of the critical challenges of development for microelectronic products because of the increasing of heat accumulation in the devices. A novel laminated composite with high thermal conductivity was fabricated by hot-pressing using graphene films (GFs) and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin (GFEP). The effect of GFs with different thicknesses and number of layers on the thermal properties of the composites was investigated. An in-plane thermal conductivity of 141 W · m-1 · K-1 for the laminated composites with GFs and GFEP were obtained. The heat dissipation capability of GFs/GFEP composites is evaluated by infrared thermal imaging technology. The maximum temperature difference between the heating elements on GFs/GFEP composites and GFEP increases with the rise of voltage applied to the heating elements. Moreover, the heat dissipation capability of the composite is enhanced with the increased of the number of layers of GFs. The temperature of the heating element assembled on GFs/GFEP composites is 144.3°C lower than that on GFEP at the same voltage. The results indicate that the GFs/GFEP composites is a promising candidate of substrate material with high heat dissipation capability.
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| 44. |
- Lv, Zhen, et al.
(author)
-
Reduction of thermal resistance of Ag-coated GFs/copper structure using nano-Ag paste as interconnection
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 2174:1
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reduction of the thermal resistance between graphene films (GFs) and substrate is crucial to the application of GFs in thermal management. GFs/copper structures were prepared using nano-Ag paste as interconnection material. The effect of the thickness of nano-Ag paste on thermal resistance of GFs/copper structure was investigated. A thin layer of Ag was coated on GFs by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to further reduce thermal resistance. The thermal resistance of GFs/copper structure using Ag-coated GFs is 5.84% lower than that using raw GFs. The thermal resistance of GFs/copper structure decreases first and then increases with the increase of coating temperature and thickness of Ag layer. The minimum thermal resistance of 1.64 mm2·K·W-1 was gained for GFs/copper structure using GFs coated Ag at 300 ℃ for 60 min.
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| 45. |
- Niu, Guoxiang, et al.
(author)
-
Subtropical forest macro-decomposers rapidly transfer litter carbon and nitrogen into soil mineral-associated organic matter
- 2024
-
In: Forest Ecosystems. - 2095-6355. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Forest soils in tropical and subtropical areas store a significant amount of carbon. Recent frameworks to assess soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under evolving global conditions suggest that dividing bulk SOM into particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM vs. MAOM) is a promising method for identifying how SOM contributes to reducing global warming. Soil macrofauna, earthworms, and millipedes have been found to play an important role in facilitating SOM processes. However, how these two co-existing macrofaunae impact the litter decomposition process and directly impact the formation of POM and MAOM remains unclear. Methods: Here, we set up a microcosm experiment, which consisted of 20 microcosms with four treatments: earthworm and litter addition (E), millipedes and litter addition (M), earthworm, millipedes, and litter addition (E+M), and control (only litter addition) in five replicates. The soil and litter were sterilized prior to beginning the incubation experiment to remove any existing microbes. After incubating the samples for 42 days, the litter properties (mass, C, and N contents), soil physicochemical properties, as well as the C and N contents, and POM and MAOM 13C abundance in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil layers were measured. Finally, the relative influences of soil physicochemical and microbial properties on the distribution of C and N in the soil fractions were analyzed. Results: The litter mass, C, and N associated with all four treatments significantly decreased after incubation, especially under treatment E+M (litter mass: −58.8%, litter C: −57.0%, litter N: −75.1%, respectively), while earthworm biomass significantly decreased under treatment E. Earthworm or millipede addition alone showed no significant effects on the organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) content in the POM fraction, but joint addition of both significantly increased OC and TN regardless of soil depth. Importantly, all three macrofauna treatments increased the OC and TN content and decreased the 13C abundance in the MAOM fraction. More than 65% of the total variations in the distribution of OC and TN throughout the two fractions can be explained by a combination of soil physicochemical and microbial properties. Changes in the OC distribution in the 0–5 cm soil layer are likely due to a decrease in soil pH and an increase in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while those in the 5–10 cm layer are probably caused by increases in soil exchangeable Ca and Mg, in addition to fungi and gram-negative (GN) bacteria. The observed TN distribution changes in the 0–5 cm soil likely resulted from a decrease in soil pH and increases in AMF, GN, and gram-negative (GP) bacteria, while TN distribution changes in the 5–10 cm soil could be explained by increases in exchangeable Mg and GN bacteria. Conclusions: The results indicate that the coexistence of earthworms and millipedes can accelerate the litter decomposition process and store more C in the MAOM fractions. This novel finding helps to unlock the processes by which complex SOM systems serve as C sinks in tropical forests and addresses the importance of soil macrofauna in maintaining C-neutral atmospheric conditions under global climate change.
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| 46. |
- Qian, Zhen, et al.
(author)
-
Vectorized dataset of roadside noise barriers in China using street view imagery
- 2022
-
In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 14:9, s. 4057-4076
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Roadside noise barriers (RNBs) are important urban infrastructures to ensure that cities remain liveable. However, the absence of accurate and large-scale geospatial data on RNBs has impeded the increasing progress of rational urban planning, sustainable cities, and healthy environments. To address this problem, this study creates a vectorized RNB dataset in China using street view imagery and a geospatial artificial intelligence framework. First, intensive sampling is performed on the road network of each city based on OpenStreetMap, which is used as the georeference for downloading 6 x 10(6) Baidu Street View (BSV) images. Furthermore, considering the prior geographic knowledge contained in street view images, convolutional neural networks incorporating image context information (IC-CNNs) based on an ensemble learning strategy are developed to detect RNBs from the BSV images. The RNB dataset presented by polylines is generated based on the identified RNB locations, with a total length of 2667.02 km in 222 cities. Last, the quality of the RNB dataset is evaluated from two perspectives, i.e., the detection accuracy and the completeness and positional accuracy. Specifically, based on a set of randomly selected samples containing 10 000 BSV images, four quantitative metrics are calculated, with an overall accuracy of 98.61 %, recall of 87.14 %, precision of 76.44 %, and F-1 score of 81.44 %. A total length of 254.45 km of roads in different cities are manually surveyed using BSV images to evaluate the mileage deviation and overlap level between the generated and surveyed RNBs. The root mean squared error for the mileage deviation is 0.08 km, and the intersection over union for overlay level is 88.08% +/- 2.95 %. The evaluation results suggest that the generated RNB dataset is of high quality and can be applied as an accurate and reliable dataset for a variety of large-scale urban studies, such as estimating the regional solar photovoltaic potential, developing 3D urban models, and designing rational urban layouts. Besides that, the benchmark dataset of the labeled BSV images can also support more work on RNB detection, such as developing more advanced deep learning algorithms, fine-tuning the existing computer vision models, and analyzing geospatial scenes in BSV. The generated vectorized RNB dataset and the benchmark dataset of labeled BSV imagery are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Others.tpdc.271914 (Chen, 2021).
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| 47. |
- Qiao, Ya-Mei, et al.
(author)
-
Reciprocal associations between job strain and depression : A 2-year follow-up study from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
- 2019
-
In: Brain and Behavior. - : Wiley. - 2162-3279 .- 2162-3279. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A growing number of people suffered from depression. This study examined the depression prevalence in workers across 10 European countries plus Israel and the reciprocal associations between job strain and depression.Methods: The study population consisted of 7,879 workers aged 50-63 years at baseline (2004) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Job demands (physical or psychosocial) and job control variables were derived from the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Two 4-category job strains (physical and psychosocial) were obtained based on the cross-tabulation of these dichotomized demands and control variables. There were 4,284 depression-free, 3,259 high physical strain-free and 3,195 high psychosocial strain-free participants at baseline who were followed up for 2 years to detect incident depression, high physical job strain, or high psychosocial strain, respectively. The reciprocal associations between job strain and depression were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and multivariate multilevel logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.Results: The prevalence of depression varied from the lowest 12.5% in Germany to the highest 27.2% in France. Compared to individuals with low strain, a significantly higher risk of depression were found in individuals with high physical strain (OR = 1.39) and high psychosocial strain (OR = 1.55), after adjusting for potential confounders. Depression at baseline was not significantly associated with subsequent high job strain. Similar results were observed from multilevel models that took into consideration of the potential country-level influences.Conclusions: The prevalence of depression varies across countries in Europe. Avoiding high job strain may be an effective preventive strategy to prevent depression epidemic.
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| 48. |
- Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
Preface
- 2019
-
In: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. vii-vii
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 49. |
- Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
Preface
- 2020
-
In: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. v-v
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
- Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
Preface
- 2021
-
In: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. v-vi
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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