| 1. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(author)
-
A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
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In: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(author)
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The effects of PACS on radiographer’s work practice
- 2007
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In: Radiography. - London : W.B. Saunders Co. Ltd.. ; 13:3, s. 235-240
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper identifies and analyses the effects of picture archiving and communica- tion systems (PACS) on radiographers’ work practice. It shows that the introduction of PACS did not simply entail the transfer of data and information from the analogue world to the digital world, but it also led to the introduction of new ways of communicating, and new activities and responsibilities on the part of radiography staff. Radiographers are called upon to work increasingly independently, and individual practitioners require higher levels of professional expertise. In all, this paper demonstrates that new technical solutions sometimes lead to sub- stantial changes in responsibilities in work. In this example, the radiographers’ work practice has become more highly scientific and they are enjoying a higher level of prestige.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Boniolo, Manuel, et al.
(author)
-
Water Oxidation by Pentapyridyl Base Metal Complexes? : A Case Study
- 2022
-
In: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 61:24, s. 9104-9118
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) requires a rational approach that considers the intermediate steps of the catalytic cycle, including water binding, deprotonation, storage of oxidizing equivalents, O–O bond formation, and O2 release. We investigated several of these properties for a series of base metal complexes (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) bearing two variants of a pentapyridyl ligand framework, of which some were reported previously to be active WOCs. We found that only [Fe(Py5OMe)Cl]+ (Py5OMe = pyridine-2,6-diylbis[di-(pyridin-2-yl)methoxymethane]) showed an appreciable catalytic activity with a turnover number (TON) = 130 in light-driven experiments using the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/S2O82– system at pH 8.0, but that activity is demonstrated to arise from the rapid degradation in the buffered solution leading to the formation of catalytically active amorphous iron oxide/hydroxide (FeOOH), which subsequently lost the catalytic activity by forming more extensive and structured FeOOH species. The detailed analysis of the redox and water-binding properties employing electrochemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), UV–vis spectroscopy, and density-functional theory (DFT) showed that all complexes were able to undergo the MIII/MII oxidation, but none was able to yield a detectable amount of a MIV state in our potential window (up to +2 V vs SHE). This inability was traced to (i) the preference for binding Cl– or acetonitrile instead of water-derived species in the apical position, which excludes redox leveling via proton coupled electron transfer, and (ii) the lack of sigma donor ligands that would stabilize oxidation states beyond MIII. On that basis, design features for next-generation molecular WOCs are suggested.
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| 6. |
- Edoff, Marika, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
High Voc in (Cu,Ag)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
- 2017
-
In: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. - 2156-3381 .- 2156-3403. ; 7:6, s. 1789-1794
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this contribution, we show that silver substitution for copper in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) to form (Ag,Cu)(In, Ga)Se-2 (ACIGS) leads to a reduction of the voltage loss expressed as E-g/q-V-oc. This, in turn, leads to higher device efficiencies as compared to similar CIGS devices without Ag. We report V-oc at 814 mV at a conversion efficiency of 21% for our best ACIGS device with 20% of the group I element consisting of silver. Comparing ACIGS and CIGS devices with the same Ga/(Ga+ In) ratio, the ACIGS devices exhibit about 0.05 eV higher bandgap. Alkali postdeposition treatment with KF leads to improvements in efficiency both for CIGS and ACIGS, but we find that the dose of KF needed for optimum device for ACIGS is 10-20% of the dose used for CIGS.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Enlund, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Survival after primary breast cancer surgery following propofol or sevoflurane general anesthesia-A retrospective, multicenter, database analysis of 6305 Swedish patients
- 2020
-
In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:8, s. 1048-1054
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Retrospective studies indicate that the choice of anesthetic can affect long-term cancer survival. Propofol seems to have an advantage over sevoflurane. However, this is questioned for breast cancer. We gathered a large cohort of breast cancer surgery patients from seven Swedish hospitals and hypothesized that general anesthesia with propofol would be superior to sevoflurane anesthesia regarding long-term breast cancer survival.Methods: We identified all patients who were anaesthetized for breast cancer surgery between 2006 and 2012. The patients were matched to the Swedish Breast Cancer Quality Register, to retrieve tumor characteristics, prognostic factors, and adjuvant treatment as well as date of death. Overall survival between patients undergoing sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia was analyzed with different statistical approaches: (a) multiple Cox regression models adjusted for demographic, oncological, and multiple control variables, (b) propensity score matching on the same variables, but also including the participating centers as a cofactor in a separate analysis.Results: The database analysis identified 6305 patients. The 5-year survival rates were 91.0% and 81.8% for the propofol and sevoflurane group, respectively, in the final model (P = .126). Depending on the statistical adjustment method used, different results were obtained, from a non-significant to a "proposed" and even a "determined" difference in survival that favored propofol, with a maximum of 9.2 percentage points higher survival rate at 5 years (hazard ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.95).Conclusions: It seems that propofol may have a survival advantage compared with sevoflurane among breast cancer patients, but the inherent weaknesses of retrospective analyses were made apparent.
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| 9. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Dynamics of transgene expression in a neural stem cell line transduced with lentiviral vectors incorporating the cHS4 insulator.
- 2004
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2422 .- 0014-4827. ; 298:2, s. 611-623
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transplantation of genetically manipulated cells to the central nervous system holds great promise for the treatment of several severe neurological disorders. The success of this strategy relies on sufficient levels of transgene expression after transplantation. This has been difficult to achieve, however, due to transgene silencing. In this study, we transduced the neural stem cell line RN33B with self-inactivating lentiviral vectors and analyzed transgenic expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in several different settings both in vitro and after transplantation to the brain. We found that the transgene was affected of silencing both when transduced cells were proliferating and after differentiation. To prevent silencing, the cHS4 insulator was incorporated into the lentiviral vector. We found that a vector carrying the cHS4 insulator was partially protected against differentiation-dependent downregulation in vitro and in vivo. However, in proliferating cells, we found evidence for variegation and positional effects that were not prevented by the cHS4 insulator, suggesting that the mechanism behind silencing in proliferating cells is not the same mechanism influencing differentiation-dependent silencing. Taken together, these findings favor vector optimization as a strategy for achieving efficient ex vivo gene transfer in the central nervous system.
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| 10. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Evidence for disease-regulated transgene expression in the brain with use of lentiviral vectors.
- 2006
-
In: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 1097-4547 .- 0360-4012. ; 84:1, s. 58-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we have developed and validated a novel approach of transgene regulation in the brain. By using lentiviral vectors that incorporate promoters of genes that are up-regulated during different pathological states, we were able to regulate transgene expression in accordance with the disease process. When using a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter, efficient disease regulation in glial cells was achieved after an excitotoxic lesion or a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion. Transgene expression was physiologically regulated and displayed a dose-dependent increase depending on the severity of lesion. Efficient regulation was also achieved in neurons when using a preproenkephlin promoter in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, allowing combined regulation and targeting. This disease-regulated approach allows control of transgene expression in the brain without the use of inducer molecules and without overexpression of transactivator proteins
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| 11. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Lentiviral vectors.
- 2003
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In: International Review of Neurobiology. - 0074-7742. ; 55, s. 111-122
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)
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| 12. |
- Jin, Yuesheng, et al.
(author)
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Distinct mitotic segregation errors mediate chromosomal instability in aggressive urothelial cancers.
- 2007
-
In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 13:6, s. 1703-1712
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Chromosomal instability (CIN) is believed to have an important role in the pathogenesis of urothelial cancer (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether disturbances of mitotic segregation contribute to CIN in UC, if these processes have any effect on the course of disease, and how deregulation of these mechanisms affects tumor cell growth. Experimental Design: We developed molecular cytogenetic methods to classify mitotic segregation abnormalities in a panel of UC cell lines. Mitotic instabilities were then scored in biopsies from 52 UC patients and compared with the outcome of tumor disease. Finally, UC cells were exposed in vitro to a telomerase inhibitor to assess how this affects mitotic stability and cell proliferation. Results: Three distinct chromosome segregation abnormalities were identified: (a) telomere dysfunction, which triggers structural rearrangements and loss of chromosomes through anaphase bridging; (b) sister chromatid nondisjunction, which generates discrete chromosomal copy number variations; and (c) supernumerary centrosomes, which cause dramatic shifts in chromosome copy number through multipolar cell division. Chromosome segregation errors were already present in preinvasive tumors and a high rate mitotic instability was an independent predictor of poor survival. However, induction of even higher levels of the same segregation abnormalities in UC cells by telomerase inhibition in vitro led to reduced tumor cell proliferation and clonogenic survival. Conclusion: Several distinct chromosome segregation errors contribute to CIN in UC, and the rate of such mitotic errors has a significant effect on the clinical course. Efficient tumor cell proliferation may depend on the tight endogenous control of these processes.
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| 13. |
- Ljungcrantz, Desireé, 1982-
(author)
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Skrubbsår : Berättelser om ur hiv föreställs och erfars i samtida Sverige
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avhandlingen är en tvärvetenskaplig kulturstudie som utforskar föreställningar om och erfarenheter av hiv som kronisk sjukdom i Sverige under 2005–2014. Analysen av ett antal hiv-berättelser sker tillsammans med en teoretisk sammanflätning i form av den queera sårbarhetens och sjukdomens fenomenologi, samt genom de feministiska figurationerna hiv-tröskeln, skrubbsår, plåster och gruskorn. Materialet utgörs av djupintervjuer, autofiktiva texter och populärkulturella representationer. I djupintervjuer med personer som har hiv och i autofiktiva texter undersöks när och hur hiv görs och blir påtagligt i vardagslivet. Genom läsningar av de populärkulturella berättelserna Hur kunde hon?, Ophelias resa, Mitt positiva liv och Positiv undersöker avhandlingen hur protagonisterna och hiv gestaltas, vad som bygger dramaturgin samt hur normaliserande skildringar riskerar att (åter)skapa normativa gränser. Förhandlingar med normlinjer berör återkommande respektabilitet och begäret att framstå som en lyckad och lycklig individ, men även att ha ett levbart liv. Hiv-berättelser innehåller återkommande känslor som rädsla, skam och mononormativ melankoli. De utgör skrubbsår skapade i mötet med andra personer, samhällsinstitutioner och de föreställningar om hiv som finns i samhället. Likt gruskorn skrubbar föreställningarna oss. Det medför olika former av undvikande och ensamhetsorienteringar. Plåster, det vill säga individuella strategier av att exponera hiv och att distansera sig från den yttre blicken på självet görs tillsammans med och skapar känslor såsom lättnad, stolthet och ilska. Skrubbsår erbjuder en diskussion kring vardagligt hiv-görande, hur vi blir med hiv tillsammans med andra personer, normer, institutioner och samhällets skam- och kontrollmekanismer, samt hur känslor samskapar hiv. Genom ett poetiskt och skönlitterärt skrivande utgör scener och fiktiva karaktärer, baserade på intervjuer, och den autofiktiva alter-egoberättaren Desideria ett icke-distanserat och kännbart gestaltande av det relationella hiv-blivandet.
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| 14. |
- Lohmander, Anette, et al.
(author)
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Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 4. Speech outcomes in 5-year-olds - velopharyngeal competency and hypernasality
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 27-37
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aim: Adequate velopharyngeal function and speech are main goals in the treatment of cleft palate. The objective was to investigate if there were differences in velopharyngeal competency (VPC) and hypernasality at age 5 years in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) operated on with different surgical methods for primary palatal repair. A secondary aim was to estimate burden of care in terms of received additional secondary surgeries and speech therapy. Design: Three parallel group, randomised clinical trials were undertaken as an international multicentre study by 10 cleft teams in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the UK. Methods: Three different surgical protocols for primary palatal repair were tested against a common procedure in the total cohort of 448 children born with a non-syndromic UCLP. Speech audio and video recordings of 391 children (136 girls, 255 boys) were available and perceptually analysed. The main outcome measures were VPC and hypernasality from blinded assessments. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalences in the arms in any of the trials. VPC: Trial 1, A: 58%, B: 61%; Trial 2, A: 57%, C: 54%; Trial 3, A: 35%, D: 51%. No hypernasality: Trial 1, A: 54%, B: 44%; Trial 2, A: 47%, C: 51%; Trial 3, A: 34%, D: 49%. Conclusions: No differences were found regarding VPC and hypernasality at age 5 years after different methods for primary palatal repair. The burden of care in terms of secondary pharyngeal surgeries, number of fistulae, and speech therapy visits differed.
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| 15. |
- Lundberg, Anna, 1969-
(author)
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Allt annat än allvar : den komiska kvinnliga grotesken i svensk samtida skrattkultur
- 2008
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avhandlingen tar avstamp i ett möte mellan å ena sidan Michail Bachtins begrepp skrattkultur och hans positiva och uppvärderande framställning av grotesk estetik, och å andra sidan feministisk och queer teoribildning. Avhandlingen utgör en tvärvetenskaplig kulturstudie av svensk samtida skrattkultur, Mer specifikt fokuseras framställningar av kön, kropp och sexualitet. Texten bygger på närläsning av tre empiriska sammanhang: Först analyseras de radiosketcher som skrevs och framfördes under 1990-talets andra hälft av komikerna Åsa Asptjärn och Gertrud Larsson, som bildade duon ”Åsa och Gertrud”. Sketcherna sändes som ett inslag i de feministiska färgade radioprogrammet Radio Ellen och Freja! i public servicekanalen P1. Avhandlingen lyfter fram det sätt på vilket Åsa och Gertrud skapar komik genom att kombinera nyhetsstoff, feministisk vinkel och det närgångna förhållningssätt till kropp, kön, sexualitet och omvärld som är typiskt för skrattkulturens framställningar. Högtstående företeelser framställs genom det intima och närgånga perspektivet. Åsa och Gertruds komik är innovativ. Den kan, tack vare att det visuella är frånvarande i radions form, låta skrattkulturens groteska fantasi få ett förhållandevis fritt spelrum. Det leder till att stoffet som behandlas ofta framträder på ett helt nytt sätt. Därefter analyseras Prideparaden som sedan 1998 årligen äger rum i Stockholm. Paraden och dess hav av kroppar i tåget och i publiken läses utifrån en kombination av lust, komik och politik. Slutligen presenteras en läsning av den svenska situationskomedin Sally. Den sändes i TV under 1999 i båda public servicekanalerna. Huvudpersonen Sally, spelad och skapad av skådespelerskan Maria Lundqvist, är en skrattkulturell figur vars komik och groteskeri ställer en rad vanemässiga föreställningar om kön, kropp och sexualitet på ända. I dessa tre närläsningar av materialets komiska och groteska framställning av kön, kropp och sexualitet pekar avhandlingen på den potential som finns i mötet mellan å ena sidan komikens och skrattkulturens inslag av lust, självsvåldig meningskonstruktion och nonsens, och å andra sidan ett feministiskt och queert färgat perspektiv.
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| 16. |
- Lundberg, Nina
(author)
-
IT in Healthcare - Artefacts, Infrastructures and Medical Practices
- 2000
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Globally, health care is making huge investments in information technology. Several studies illustrate that IT implementations have been fraught with problems. Everywhere, the problems appear to be similar, irrespective of the national health care system. The full potential of these technologies is not achieved, and their use is thus limited. At the same time, it is reported that 60 % of the radiology departments in Sweden are planning to introduce Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) by the year 2002. The overall research question in this study was; how can we improve the design, implementation and use of PACS by studying the complex interrelationships between the medical staff, the technologies, the work practice and the Healthcare community as a whole? Four ethnographic field studies at different radiology departments in Sweden were conducted. These involved interviews, video documentation and observations of radiological practice and social interaction. As the theoretical framework, various concepts from Actor Network Theory and the concept of Borderline issues were applied to explore the complex interrelationship between medical staff, medical staff and technologies, and various technologies within Healthcare. The study illustrates that when analog films were replaced with PACS images, not only technical devices were integrated, but the people, work practices and organizations as well. It also shows that by studying how the properties of artefacts are used in work practice, we get an idea of the essential resources and prerequisites for the work being done. This knowledge helps us to understand what resources the new information technology should and could replace in a transformation, even if there is no guarantee that it will be used as expected. Furthermore, the study concludes that the larger the socio-technical medical network implementing PACS the harder it will be to coordinate the actions of all actors in a change. Therefore, the study suggests that the infrastructures and work practices can only be changed in a process where smaller parts, are replaced by new ones bit-by-bit. To achieve the “real” opportunities of PACS technology will take time. It is suggested that one way to improve PACS use is to consider it as a “work oriented infrastructure” (WOI). This term is supposed to draw our attention to the fact that these systems are developed to support specific work tasks. These infrastructures should be designed and implemented primarily by their users, based on their actual use of the technology. WOIs are constructed by linking artefacts together. The old and the new sociotechnical networks must be linked through interfaces, enabling networks with different technical solutions to communicate and interact. To summarize, firstly, to improve the application of PACS and RIS in medical practice, the design of computer systems has to be informed by a better understanding of all the roles and meanings of the x-ray films and paper request forms in work. Secondly, there is a great potential for improvements in performance of these systems through relatively simple means, by implementing the achieved knowledge in the medical actor network.
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| 17. |
- Lundberg, Nina, et al.
(author)
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My Care Pathways - creating open innovation in healthcare
- 2013
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In: Medinfo 2013. - Netherländerna. - 9781614992882 ; 192, s. 687-91
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we describe initial results from the Swedish innovation project “My Care Pathways” which envisions enabling citizens to track their own health by providing them with online access to their historical, current and prospective future events. We describe an information infrastructure and its base services as well as the use of this solution as an open source platform for open innovation in healthcare. This will facilitate the development of end-user e-services for citizens. We have technically enabled the information infrastructure in close collaboration with decision makers in three Swedish health care regions, and system vendors as well as with National eHealth projects. Close collaboration between heterogeneous actors made implementation in real practice possible. However, a number of challenges, mainly related to legal and business issues, persist when implementing our results. Future work should therefore target the development of business models for sustainable provision of end-user e-services in a public health care system such as the Swedish one. Also, a legal analysis of the development of third party provider (nonhealthcare based) personal health data e-services should be done.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Lykke, Nina, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Women's Studies in Denmark : an Update 2004?
- 2005
-
In: The Making of European Women's Studies.. - Utrecht : Athena, Universiteit Utrecht, SOCRATES programme of European Commision. - 9080612855 ; , s. 186-194
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Making of European Women’s Studies, Volume VI. This is the sixthvolume of the joint annual publication of the ATHENA network on the making of European Women's Studies. Like the two previous issues, it is to be taken as a work in progress report on the major activities of this Europena thematic Network, namely curiiculum development and related issues in gender education and research. Under the sign of conitnuity with innovation , expansion with growth, this issue puersues three well-establisehd areas of co-operation: firstly the dossier on the uses and abuses of the sex/gender disctinction. More case studies fro European languages are offered from the Finnish concept of 'sukupuli' (gender), Hungarian and Bulgarian. The second concerns the report of on-going activities of the different ATHENA panels. Reports on the job-maker perspectives of Women's Studies grraduates are presented (ATHENA panel 1a); on the uses of ICTs in Teaching and Learning Women's Studies (ATHENA panels 2a and 2b); on new pilot courses on the development of Open and Distance Learning through the use of ICTs in Women's Studies; on the pedagogical dimensio of Women and Gender Studies (ATHENA panel 1b) and onthe European textbook on Women's Studies (ATHENA panel 1c). The third area of continuity relates to the historical dossier on the making of European Women's Studies: this issue is devoted to the United Kingdom and it covers the full range of existing reports et European level.
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| 20. |
- Måre, Klas, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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Quality assurance system feedback
- 2001
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In: Röntgenveckan i Umeå 20-24 augusti 2001,2001. ; , s. 29-30
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 21. |
- Nielsen, Troels T., et al.
(author)
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Incorporating double copies of a chromatin insulator into lentiviral vectors results in less viral integrants
- 2009
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In: BMC Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6750. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Lentiviral vectors hold great promise as gene transfer vectors in gene therapeutic settings. However, problems related to the risk of insertional mutagenesis, transgene silencing and positional effects have stalled the use of such vectors in the clinic. Chromatin insulators are boundary elements that can prevent enhancer-promoter interactions, if placed between these elements, and protect transgene cassettes from silencing and positional effects. It has been suggested that insulators can improve the safety and performance of lentiviral vectors. Therefore insulators have been incorporated into lentiviral vectors in order to enhance their safety profile and improve transgene expression. Commonly such insulator vectors are produced at lower titers than control vectors thus limiting their potential use. Results: In this study we cloned in tandem copies of the chicken beta-globin insulator (cHS4) on both sides of the transgene cassette in order to enhance the insulating effect. Our insulator vectors were produced at significantly lower titers compared to control vectors, and we show that this reduction in titer is due to a block during the transduction process that appears after reverse transcription but before integration of the viral DNA. This non-integrated viral DNA could be detected by PCR and, importantly, prevented efficient transduction of target cells. Conclusion: These results have importance for the future use of insulator sequences in lentiviral vectors and might limit the use of insulators in vectors for in vivo use. Therefore, a careful analysis of the optimal design must be performed before insulators are included into clinical lentiviral vectors.
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| 22. |
- Olausson, Nina, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization with fresh respectively frozen-thawed embryo transfer : Nationwide cohort study
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : WILEY. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 18:8, s. 1965-1973
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The assisted reproductive technique in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during the first trimester. Objectives To compare the incidence of VTE and PE during the first trimester of IVF pregnancies using fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer to that during natural pregnancies. Patient/Methods Nationwide Swedish registry-based cohort study of women who gave birth (n = 902 891) at the age of 15-50 years to their first child from the 1st of January 1992 until the 31st of December 2012. Exposure groups were IVF with fresh respectively frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Incidences of VTE and PE were calculated, and time-varying hazard ratios estimated for all trimesters after fresh respectively frozen-thawed embryo transfer IVF and compared to natural conception. Results and Conclusion Women giving birth after fresh embryo transfer IVF had a more than eightfold increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio [HR] 8.96, 95% CI 6.33 to 12.67) and pulmonary embolism during the first trimester, (HR 8.69, 95% CI 3.83 to 19.71) compared to women giving birth after natural conception. The incidence of VTE in women giving birth after frozen-thawed embryo transfer was not increased during the first trimester. To conclude, fresh embryo transfer IVF was associated with a significantly increased incidence of VTE and PE during the first trimester. These results suggest that frozen-thawed embryo transfer could be a preferred method of IVF with a minimised maternal risk.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Priskorn, Lærke, et al.
(author)
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RUBIC (ReproUnion Biobank and Infertility Cohort) : A binational clinical foundation to study risk factors, life course, and treatment of infertility and infertility-related morbidity
- 2021
-
In: Andrology. - : Wiley. - 2047-2919 .- 2047-2927. ; 9:6, s. 1828-1842
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Infertility affects 15%–25% of all couples during their reproductive life span. It is a significant societal and public health problem with potential psychological, social, and economic consequences. Furthermore, infertility has been linked to adverse long-term health outcomes. Despite the advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques available, approximately 30% of infertile couples do not obtain a live birth after fertility treatment. For these couples, there are no further options to increase their chances of a successful pregnancy and live birth. Objectives: Three overall questions will be studied: (1) What are the risk factors and natural life courses of infertility, early embryonic loss, and adverse pregnancy outcomes? (2) Can we develop new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for fecundity and treatment success? And (3) what are the health characteristics of women and men in infertile couples at the time of fertility treatment and during long-term follow-up?. Material and Methods: ReproUnion Biobank and Infertility Cohort (RUBIC) is established as an add-on to the routine fertility management at Copenhagen University Hospital Departments in the Capital Region of Denmark and Reproductive Medicine Centre at Skåne University Hospital in Sweden. The aim is to include a total of 5000 couples equally distributed between Denmark and Sweden. The first patients were enrolled in June 2020. All eligible infertile couples are prospectively asked to participate in the project. Participants complete an extensive questionnaire and undergo a physical examination and collection of biospecimens (blood, urine, hair, saliva, rectal swabs, feces, semen, endometrial biopsies, and vaginal swabs). After the cohort is established, the couples will be linked to the Danish and Swedish national registers to obtain information on parental, perinatal, childhood, and adult life histories, including disease and medication history. This will enable us to understand the causes of infertility and identify novel therapeutic options for this important societal problem.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Rogelius, Nina, et al.
(author)
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Reprogramming of neonatal SVZ progenitors by Islet-1 and Neurogenin-2.
- 2008
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In: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-7431. ; 38:3, s. 453-459
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles is one of the major neurogenic areas in the postnatal brain. Precursor cells in the SVZ migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into neurons. Cell replacement strategies utilizing the recruitment of these endogenous progenitors and their progeny to different areas of the brain hold great promise for the future, but much research is needed in order to understand the sequence of molecular signals necessary to induce proliferation, migration and site-specific differentiation of these cells. In this study we show that the SVZ cells can be redirected from their normal migration route and directed towards other brain regions when they are infected with retroviruses encoding the developmentally important transcription factors Islet-1 and Neurogenin-2. After co-transduction with these transcription factors, transduced cells could be detected in several areas of the brain. When located in the striatum, the reprogrammed cells displayed neuroblast-like morphology. Once removed from the striatal parenchyma and allowed to further differentiation in vitro they developed into beta-III-tubulin positive neurons.
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| 29. |
- Rogelius, Nina, et al.
(author)
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Retrovirally delivered Islet-1 increases recruitment of Ng2 expressing cells from the postnatal SVZ into the striatum.
- 2006
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In: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 201:Jun 23, s. 388-398
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neural stem and progenitor cells hold the promise to be used in cell-based therapies to treat both acute and degenerative neurological diseases. To date, most research has been focused on the use of in vitro propagated stem cells used as a source of cells in cell replacement therapies. However, mobilization of endogenous neural stem cells to generate a specific differentiated cell type offers an attractive alternative. In this study, we investigate the possibility to direct the formation of specific cells from the endogenous stem and progenitor cells residing in the subventricular region of the postnatal brain. With the aim to induce postnatal generation of striatal neurons, we ectopically expressed Islet-1, a LIM homeodomain transcription factor expressed by striatal progenitors during development, in cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal and adult rats. Ectopic expression of Islet-1 in the neonatal, but not adult, SVZ resulted in the appearance of a population of cells in the striatum. These cells were primarily located in the ventrolateral area of the striatum where they differentiate into Ng2 expressing cells. However, no neurogenesis was observed in the striatum, nor was ectopic striatal differentiation observed in any other area of the brain after retroviral expression of Islet-1 in the SVZ. Thus, although ectopic expression of Islet-1 is sufficient to direct the migration of cells into the striatum in neonatal animals, it does not specify a striatal projection neuron phenotype in cells generated from the SVZ after birth. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Rosenqvist, Nina, et al.
(author)
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Activation of silenced transgene expression in neural precursor cell lines by inhibitors of histone deacetytation
- 2002
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In: Journal of Gene Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1521-2254 .- 1099-498X. ; 4:3, s. 248-257
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Ex vivo gene therapy in the central nervous system (CNS) holds great promise for diseases such as the neurodegenerative disorders. However, achieving stable, long-term transgene expression in grafted cells has proven problematic. This study reports the establishment of an in vitro model of transgene down-regulation in cells grafted to the CNS using the immortalized neural progenitor cell lines HiB5 and RN33B. Methods Neural cell lines were transduced at 33 C with different GFP constructs, both viral and non-viral, containing either viral or non-viral promoters. Cell differentiation in vitro was obtained by culturing the cells at 37 C in serum-free defined media, which halts cell division, and GFP-expression was analysed by FACS. As early as day 3 of culture at 37degreesC, the transgene expression decreased markedly in most cell lines. To validate the assay, the same clones were grafted to the adult rat striatum and the down-regulation of GFP-expression was evaluated. Results The temporal pattern of down-regulation was found to be similar in vitro and in vivo. Using this assay, it was shown that addition of inhibitors of histone deacetylation, but not an inhibitor of DNA methylation, reversed the silencing of GFP in quiescent neural progenitors by up to 308% of control values. Conclusion These results suggest that the same mechanisms controlling gene transcription of the host cell's genome are active in controlling transgene expression and that this should be taken into account when constructing vectors for gene therapy. The assay reported in this study could be used as a screening method to evaluate new vectors. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Selim, Marianne, 1954-
(author)
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Från anlogt till digitalt : digitaliseringen av svensk radiologi i ett produktions- och organisationsperspektiv
- 2015
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syfte: Att beskriva den organisationsförändring som fem röntgenkliniker i Sverige genomgick i samband med att radiologin digitaliserades.Frågeställningar:Hur förändrades antalet genomförda radiologiska undersökningar och undersökningstyper från tidpunkten två år före digitaliseringen till två, fyra och sex år efter digitaliseringen?Hur förändrades antalet arbetade timmar och fördelningen av arbetade timmar mellan de olika personalkategorierna från tidpunkten två år före digitaliseringen till två, fyra och sex år efter digitaliseringen?Hur förändrades arbetsuppgifterna inom och mellan de olika personalkategorierna på röntgenklinikerna efter digitaliseringen?Hur beskriver personal med en nyckelfunktion genomförandet av digitaliseringen och eventuell förändring av arbetet efter digitaliseringen?Metod: Kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod har använts och kombinerats för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Fem svenska röntgenkliniker ingick i studien och material avseende produktionsutfall samlades in från respektive röntgenklinik. Totalt intervjuades 22 personer, med tre till sex intervjuer per röntgenklinik.Teoretiska ramverk: För att försöka förstå de positiva fynden, avseende utökade antalet undersökningar och minskning av arbetade timmar, efter digitaliseringen, genomfördes vid en av röntgenklinikerna en fallstudie med ytterligare två frågeställningar: Hur genomfördes digitaliseringen? Hur har uppföljningen vad avser arbetsflöden, genomförandet och förändringar i detalj genomförts efter digitaliseringen? Delar av Bramson m.fl. (2005) perspektiv och Kotter och Cohens (2002) framgångsfaktorer har applicerats vid analysen av det resultatet.Resultat: Samtliga röntgenkliniker uppvisade en liten ökning av antalet radiologiska undersökningar, medan datortomografi- och magnetkameraundersökningarna ökade markant under den studerade tiden. Efter digitaliseringen genomförs således fler komplicerade undersökningar, vilket anses ha medfört en kvalitativt bättre och säkrare diagnosticering. Övriga undersökningstyper uppvisar varierande resultat. Vid tre av röntgenklinikerna minskade den totala arbetade tiden, och vid två ökade den. Antalet arbetade timmar ökade för röntgenläkare och röntgensjuksköterskor, men minskade för sekreterare och undersköterskor under den studerade tiden. Generellt utför röntgenläkarna och röntgensjuksköterskorna fler arbetsuppgifter efter digitaliseringen, och många av de traditionella arbetsuppgifterna för sekreterare och undersköterskor har försvunnit eller tagits över av datorn. Bättre tillgänglighet, förhöjd kvalitet och utökad diagnostik, tydligare arbetslistor som styr arbetsflödet, förbättrad ergonomi och miljö samt samordning med andra har möjliggjorts efter digitaliseringen. Utifrån intervjuerna i fallstudien framkom teman som beskriver: information, superanvändare, utbildning, tydliga arbetsflöden och rutiner, personalbehov och motivation, liksom ett tydligt ledarskap som genomsyrat förändringsprocessen. Dessa teman är, enligt Bramson och Bramson (2005) och Kotter och Cohen (2002), viktiga att beakta för att lyckas med en förändring.Konklusion: Ingen av de intervjuade vill återgå till ett analogt arbetssätt. Digitaliseringen har inneburit att mycket förändrats för de berörda personalkategorierna, men fördelarna anses uppväga nackdelarna. För att lyckas med en förändring bör Bramsons perspektiv och Kotters framgångsfaktorer tas i beaktande.
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| 33. |
- Sheppard, Nina Gustafsson, et al.
(author)
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The folate-coupled enzyme MTHFD2 is a nuclear protein and promotes cell proliferation
- 2015
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Folate metabolism is central to cell proliferation and a target of commonly used cancer chemotherapeutics. In particular, the mitochondrial folate-coupled metabolism is thought to be important for proliferating cancer cells. The enzyme MTHFD2 in this pathway is highly expressed in human tumors and broadly required for survival of cancer cells. Although the enzymatic activity of the MTHFD2 protein is well understood, little is known about its larger role in cancer cell biology. We here report that MTHFD2 is co-expressed with two distinct gene sets, representing amino acid metabolism and cell proliferation, respectively. Consistent with a role for MTHFD2 in cell proliferation, MTHFD2 expression was repressed in cells rendered quiescent by deprivation of growth signals (serum) and rapidly re-induced by serum stimulation. Overexpression of MTHFD2 alone was sufficient to promote cell proliferation independent of its dehydrogenase activity, even during growth restriction. In addition to its known mitochondrial localization, we found MTHFD2 to have a nuclear localization and co-localize with DNA replication sites. These findings suggest a previously unknown role for MTHFD2 in cancer cell proliferation, adding to its known function in mitochondrial folate metabolism.
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| 34. |
- Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of a porous asphalt pavement on dust suspension and PM10 concentration
- 2023
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In: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-exhaust emissions from road transport are an important PM10 source, causing negative health effects. Measures to reduce particulate pollution from roads include dust suppression using hygroscopic solutions and road sweeping. This study investigates if porous pavements, generally used for their better noise reduction and water drainage capacity, can also improve air quality. Atmospheric measurements of NOx and PM10 were performed for 7 months along a road stretch containing two different surfaces, one porous and one dense. The PM10 concentration was significantly lower at the porous pavement during all meteorological conditions. Particle emissions measured behind the wheel of a moving car were also lower at the porous pavement. The reasons for the improved air quality are suggested to be the removal of road dust from the surface into the pores of the pavement, the reduction of the air-pumping suspension forces of the tyres, and the prolonged drying of the surface.
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| 35. |
- Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Kan porösa asfaltsbeläggningar bidra till bättre luftkvalitet?
- 2024
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In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 322-323
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I trafikmiljöer är vägdamm, som består av slitagepartiklar från avgaser och annat damm som deponeras på vägen, en viktig källa till höga partikelkoncentrationer. Dammbindning och gatusopning är verktyg som ofta används för att minska uppvirvlingen av vägdammet. Porösa beläggningar, som används för sin förmåga att minska buller och dränera vatten från vägytan snabbare, har också uppmärksammats som en metod att minska dammuppvirvlingen, men endast ett fåtal studier finns avseende denna effekt. I den här studien undersöktes en porös beläggnings potential att förbättra luftkvaliteten längs en kommunal väg i Linköping, med skyltad hastighet 70 km/h. Mätningar av kvävedioxider (NOx), partiklar (PM10), meterologi och trafik utfördes under sju månader på två platser längs en vägsträcka med två olika vägbeläggningar, en porös (ABD11 och ABD16 lagd i två lager) och en tät (ABS11). En mätbil användes för att studera uppvirvlingen bakom sommardäck, odubbade vinterdäck och dubbdäck och observationer av vägens fuktighet utfördes morgon och kväll under en kortare period. Under alla meteorologiska förhållanden var PM10-koncentrationen längs den porösa beläggningssträckan lägre än längs den täta, vilket stöder dess positiva effekt på luftkvaliteten. Partikelmätningar direkt bakom hjulet på en mätbil visade också på lägre uppvirvling på den porösa beläggningen. Då olika däcktyper användes på mätbilen resulterade sommardäck i lägre partikelhalter än dubbfria och dubbade vinterdäck på båda beläggningstyperna. Lägre uppvirvling och PM10-koncentrationerna vid porös beläggning föreslås bero på att vägdamm transporteras ner i beläggningens porer, att däckens uppvirvlingskraft är lägre och att den porösa ytan, efter nederbörd eller fuktutfällning behåller fukten längre än den täta, vilket hämmar uppvirvlingen. För att dessa funktioner ska kvarstå över tid, behöver porositeten bibehållas, vilket kräver att beläggningen inte sätts igen genom att vägdamm transporteras ner i porerna. Porösa beläggningar kan bidra till bättre luftkvalitet genom att minska bidraget från uppvirvlat vägdamm.
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| 36. |
- Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Ride the future – strategisk satsning : fem studier med fokus på autonoma bussar i städer
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fem noga utvalda förstudier har initierats av VTI som en del i den strategiska satsningen ”Ride the future” kopplad till framtidens mobilitetslösningar. Förstudiernas titel är följande: ▪ Databearbetning och visualisering av mobila luftkvalitetsmätningar. ▪ SUMO och Unreal Engine för co-simulering. ▪ Exploring spatio-temporal accessibility in Lambohov: a pre-study. ▪ Vägytans betydelse för vibrationer och komfort i långsamma fordon. ▪ Infrastrukturbehov vid busshållplatser. Föreliggande pm innehåller en kort beskrivning av studierna och den mer utförliga redovisningen återfinns i bilagan.
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| 37. |
- Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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The effect of a porous pavement on air quality in comparison to a dense pavement
- 2024
-
In: Proceedings of the 25th International Transport & Air Pollution (TAP) and the 3rd Shipping & Environment (S&E) Conference. - : Publications Office of the European Union. - 9789268128107 ; , s. 561-561
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porous pavements are used because of their ability to remove water from the road surface, thus reducing the risk of aquaplaning, as well as reducing road traffic noise from the road/tyre interaction. Previous studies (e.g. Norman et al. 2017) have shown that porous pavements also can have positive effects on air quality. This study aims to investigate this effect and its causes further.
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| 38. |
- Toft Sörensen, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Activity-dependent long-term plasticity of afferent synapses on grafted stem/progenitor cell-derived neurons.
- 2011
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In: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 229, s. 274-281
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stem cell-based cell replacement therapies aiming at restoring injured or diseased brain function ultimately rely on the capability of transplanted cells to promote functional recovery. The mechanisms by which stem cell-based therapies for neurological conditions can lead to functional recovery are uncertain, but structural and functional repair appears to depend on integration of transplanted cell-derived neurons into neuronal circuitries. The nature by which stem/progenitor cell-derived neurons synaptically integrate into neuronal circuitries is largely unexplored. Here we show that transplanted GFP-labeled neuronal progenitor cells into the rat hippocampus exhibit mature neuronal morphology following 4-10 weeks. GFP-positive cells were preferentially integrated into the principal cell layers of hippocampus, particularly CA3. Patch-clamp recordings from GFP-expressing cells revealed that they generated fast action potentials, and their intrinsic membrane properties were overall similar to endogenous host neurons recorded in same areas. As judged by occurrence of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), transplanted GFP-positive cells were synaptically integrated into the host circuitry. Comparable to host neurons, both paired-pulse depression and facilitation of afferent fiber stimulation-evoked EPSCs were observed in GFP-positive cells. Upon high-frequency stimulation, GFP-positive cells displayed post-tetanic potentiation of EPSCs, in some cases followed by long-term potentiation (LTP) lasting for more than 30 min. Our data show for the first time that transplanted neuronal progenitor cells can become functional neurons and their afferent synapses are capable of expressing activity-dependent short and long-term plasticity. These synaptic properties may facilitate host-to-graft interactions and regulate activity of the grafted cells promoting functional recovery of the diseased brain.
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| 39. |
- Willadsen, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 5. Speech outcomes in 5-year-olds - consonant proficiency and errors
- 2017
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In: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 38-51
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aim: Normal articulation before school start is a main objective in cleft palate treatment. The aim was to investigate if differences exist in consonant proficiency at age 5 years between children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) randomised to different surgical protocols for primary palatal repair. A secondary aim was to estimate burden of care in terms of received additional secondary surgeries and speech therapy. Design: Three parallel group, randomised clinical trials were undertaken as an international multicentre study by 10 cleft teams in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. Methods: Three different surgical protocols for primary palatal repair were tested against a common procedure in the total cohort of 448 children born with non-syndromic UCLP. Speech audio- and video-recordings of 391 children (136 girls and 255 boys) were available and transcribed phonetically. The main outcome measure was Percent Consonants Correct (PCC) from blinded assessments. Results: In Trial 1, arm A showed statistically significant higher PCC scores (82%) than arm B (78%) (p=.045). No significant differences were found between prevalences in Trial 2, A: 79%, C: 82%; or Trial 3, A: 80%, D: 85%. Across all trials, girls achieved better PCC scores, excluding s-errors, than boys (91.0% and 87.5%, respectively) (p=.01). Conclusions: PCC scores were higher in arm A than B in Trial 1, whereas no differences were found between arms in Trials 2 or 3. The burden of care in terms of secondary pharyngeal surgeries, number of fistulae, and speech therapy visits differed.
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| 40. |
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