| 1. |
- Ameur, Adam, et al.
(author)
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SweGen : a whole-genome data resource of genetic variability in a cross-section of the Swedish population
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 25:11, s. 1253-1260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we describe the SweGen data set, a comprehensive map of genetic variation in the Swedish population. These data represent a basic resource for clinical genetics laboratories as well as for sequencing-based association studies by providing information on genetic variant frequencies in a cohort that is well matched to national patient cohorts. To select samples for this study, we first examined the genetic structure of the Swedish population using high-density SNP-array data from a nation-wide cohort of over 10 000 Swedish-born individuals included in the Swedish Twin Registry. A total of 1000 individuals, reflecting a cross-section of the population and capturing the main genetic structure, were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Analysis pipelines were developed for automated alignment, variant calling and quality control of the sequencing data. This resulted in a genome-wide collection of aggregated variant frequencies in the Swedish population that we have made available to the scientific community through the website https://swefreq.nbis.se. A total of 29.2 million single-nucleotide variants and 3.8 million indels were detected in the 1000 samples, with 9.9 million of these variants not present in current databases. Each sample contributed with an average of 7199 individual-specific variants. In addition, an average of 8645 larger structural variants (SVs) were detected per individual, and we demonstrate that the population frequencies of these SVs can be used for efficient filtering analyses. Finally, our results show that the genetic diversity within Sweden is substantial compared with the diversity among continental European populations, underscoring the relevance of establishing a local reference data set.
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| 2. |
- Fristedt, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Photosystem II protein 33, a protein conserved in the plastid lineage, is associated with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane and provides stability to photosystem II supercomplexes in Arabidopsis
- 2015
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In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 167:2, s. 481-492
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photosystem II (PSII) is a multiprotein complex that catalyzes the light-driven water-splitting reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. Light absorption by PSII leads to the production of excited states and reactive oxygen species that can cause damage to this complex. Here, we describe Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) At1g71500, which encodes a previously uncharacterized protein that is a PSII auxiliary core protein and hence is named PHOTOSYSTEM II PROTEIN33 (PSB33). We present evidence that PSB33 functions in the maintenance of PSII-light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) supercomplex organization. PSB33 encodes a protein with a chloroplast transit peptide and one transmembrane segment. In silico analysis of PSB33 revealed a light-harvesting complex-binding motif within the transmembrane segment and a large surface-exposed head domain. Biochemical analysis of PSII complexes further indicates that PSB33 is an integral membrane protein located in the vicinity of LHCII and the PSII CP43 reaction center protein. Phenotypic characterization of mutants lacking PSB33 revealed reduced amounts of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, very low state transition, and a lower capacity for nonphotochemical quenching, leading to increased photosensitivity in the mutant plants under light stress. Taken together, these results suggest a role for PSB33 in regulating and optimizing photosynthesis in response to changing light levels.
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| 3. |
- Gummesson, Anders, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Intestinal Permeability Is Associated With Visceral Adiposity in Healthy Women.
- 2011
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In: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - : Wiley. - 1930-7381.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased visceral fat, as opposed to subcutaneous/gluteal, most strongly relates to key metabolic dysfunctions including insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Mesenteric fat hypertrophy in patients with Crohn's disease and in experimental rodent models of gut inflammation suggest that impaired gut barrier function with increased leakage of gut-derived antigens may drive visceral lipid deposition. The aim of this study was to determine whether increased intestinal permeability is associated with visceral adiposity in healthy humans. Normal to overweight female subjects were recruited from a population-based cohort. Intestinal permeability was assessed using the ratio of urinary excretion of orally ingested sucralose to mannitol (S/M). In study 1 (n = 67), we found a positive correlation between waist circumference and S/M excretion within a time frame of urine collection consistent with permeability of the lower gastrointestinal tract (6-9 hours post-ingestion; P = 0.022). These results were followed up in study 2 (n = 55) in which we used computed tomography and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat areas of the abdomen, liver fat content, and total body fat of the same women. The S/M ratio from the 6-12 h urine sample correlated with visceral fat area (P = 0.0003) and liver fat content (P = 0.004), but not with subcutaneous or total body fat. This novel finding of an association between intestinal permeability and visceral adiposity and liver fat content in healthy humans suggests that impaired gut barrier function should be further explored as a possible mediator of excess visceral fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction.
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| 4. |
- Sondell, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Altered walking pattern in a virtual environment
- 2005
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In: Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. - Cambridge : MIT Press. - 1054-7460 .- 1531-3263. ; 14:2, s. 191-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Falls and fractures among elderly persons constitute a major health problem. Many falls occur while walking and falls that occur during turning often result in a fracture. Methods aimed at understanding the complex mechanisms involved in walking should therefore assess tested individuals during walks and turns. In order to identify persons at risk and take the correct preventive measures, it is important to find methods that quantify movements as the tested persons are processing multisensory input. In a clinical setting this is sometimes difficult to achieve in a controlled manner, since tests are difficult to set exactly the same from one time to another. Using a virtual environment (VE) and a tracker system, conditions such as light, sound, events, body movements, and room size can be controlled and measured. Tests in VE can therefore be identically reproduced over and over again to evaluate if a person can withstand changing outer demands at any given moment. In order to perform quantitative measures 8 persons (21-74 years) were tested in immersive virtual reality. The VE was a corridor in which expected and unexpected events could be produced. Events studied were doors swinging open in front of the subjects during a walk and a virtual tilting of the environment. Trackers were used for collecting and analyzing the movement data. Our results show that the system was well tolerated among the subjects and that there was a clear tendency that the system could generate fall tendency among the subjects. There was also a difference among the subjects regarding walking strategies when subjected to the various events.
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| 5. |
- Adler, Jan-Olof, et al.
(author)
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The upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 715, s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A description is given of the upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory. Two magnetic spectrometers are used to momentum analyze post-bremsstrahlung electrons. The tagged photon range extends from 10 to 180 MeV with an energy resolution of about 300 keV. The system has been operated at rates up to 4 x 10(6) photons s(-1) MeV (-1). Different diagnostic tools are described as well as the experimental program.
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| 6. |
- Akkurt, I, et al.
(author)
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Photoneutron yields from tungsten in the energy range of the giant dipole resonance
- 2003
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In: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 48:20, s. 3345-3352
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photoneutron production on the nuclei of high-Z components of medical accelerator heads can lead to a significant secondary dose during a course of bremsstrahlung radiotherapy, However, a quantitative evaluation of secondary neutron dose requires improved data on the photoreaction yields. These have been measured as a function of photon energy, neutron energy and neutron angle for W-nat, using tagged photons at the MAX-Lab photonuclear facility in Sweden. This work presents neutron yields for W-nat(gamma, n) and compares these with the predictions of the Monte Carlo code MCNP-GN, developed specifically to simulate photoneutron production at medical accelerators.
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| 7. |
- Allahverdiyeva, Yagut, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of the electron transport properties of the psbo1 and psbo2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2009
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In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2728 .- 1879-2650. ; 1787:10, s. 1230-1237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) revealed two psbO genes (At5g66570 and At3g50820) which encode two distinct PsbO isoforms: PsbO1 and PsbO2, respectively. To get insights into the function of the PsbO1 and PsbO2 isoforms in Arabidopsis we have performed systematic and comprehensive investigations of the whole photosynthetic electron transfer chain in the T-DNA insertion mutant lines, psbO1 and psbo2. The absence of the PsbO1 isoform and presence of only the PsbO2 isoform in the psbo1 mutant results in (i) malfunction of both the donor and acceptor sides of Photosystem (PS) 11 and (ii) high sensitivity of PSII centers to photodamage, thus implying the importance of the PsbO1 isoform for proper structure and function of PSII. The presence of only the PsbO2 isoform in the PSII centers has consequences not only to the function of PSII but also to the PSI/PSII ratio in thylakoids. These results in modification of the whole electron transfer chain with higher rate of cyclic electron transfer around PSI, faster induction of NPQ and a larger size of the PQ-pool compared to WT, being in line with apparently increased chlororespiration in the psbo1 mutant plants. The presence of only the PsbO1 isoform in the psbo2 mutant did not induce any significant differences in the performance of PSII under standard growth conditions as compared to WT. Nevertheless, under high light illumination, it seems that the presence of also the PsbO2 isoform becomes favourable for efficient repair of the PSII complex.
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| 8. |
- Anderson, Henrik, 1975-
(author)
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Development of Electroacoustic Sensors for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biomolecular interaction analysis to determine the kinetics and affinity between interacting partners is important for the fundamental understanding of biology, as well as for the development of new pharmaceutical substances. A quartz crystal microbalance instrument suitable for kinetics and affinity analyses of interaction events was developed. The functionality of the sensor system was demonstrated by development of an assay for relative affinity determination of lectin-carbohydrate interactions.Sensor surfaces allowing for effective immobilization of one interacting partner is a key functionality of a biosensor. Here, three different surfaces and immobilization methods were studied. First, optimized preparation conditions for sensor surfaces based on carboxyl-terminated self assembled monolayers were developed and were demonstrated to provide highly functional biosensor surfaces with low non-specific binding. Second, a method allowing for immobilization of very acidic biomolecules based on the use of an electric field was developed and evaluated. The electric field made it possible to immobilize the highly acidic C-peptide on a carboxylated surface. Third, a method for antibody immobilization on a carboxyl surface was optimized and the influence of immobilization pH on the immobilization level and antigen binding capacity was thoroughly assessed. The method showed high reproducibility for a set of antibodies and allowed for antibody immobilization also at low pH.Three broadly different strategies to increase the sensitivity of electroacoustic sensors were explored. A QCM sensor with small resonator electrodes and reduced flow cell dimensions was demonstrated to improve the mass transport rate to the sensor surface. The use of polymers on QCM sensor surfaces to enhance the sensor response was shown to increase the response of an antibody-antigen model system more than ten-fold. Moreover, the application of high frequency thin film bulk acoustic resonators for biosensing was evaluated with respect to sensing range from the surface. The linear detection range of the thin film resonator was determined to be more than sufficient for biosensor applications involving, for instance, antibody-antigen interactions. Finally, a setup for combined frequency and resistance measurements was developed and was found to provide time resolved data suitable for kinetics determination.
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| 9. |
- Beeton, K, et al.
(author)
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Recent developments in clinimetric instruments
- 2006
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In: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 12:Suppl. 3, s. 102-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Assessment of impairment and function is essential in order to monitor joint status and evaluate therapeutic interventions in patients with haemophilia. The improvements in the treatment of haemophilia have required the development of more sensitive tools to detect the more minor dysfunctions that may now be apparent. This paper outlines some of the recent developments in this field. The Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) provides a systematic and robust measure of joint impairment. The MRI Scoring System has been designed to provide a comprehensive scoring system combining both progressive and additive scales. The Functional Independence Score for Haemophilia (FISH) has been developed to assess performance of functional activities and can be used in conjunction with the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) which provides a self report measure of function. It is recommended that both measures are evaluated as these tools measure different constructs. Further refinement and testing of the psychometric properties of all of these tools is in progress. More widespread use of these tools will enable the sharing of data across the world so promoting best practice and ultimately enhancing patient care.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bolund, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Poynting theorem applied to cable wound generators
- 2008
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In: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 15:2, s. 600-605
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of cable windings in generators and transformers has a physical background which is hard to neglect. The work done by Maxwell, Poynting and Slepian combined with powerful finite element solver of today allows for visualization of electric and magnetic fields in different geometries. The electromagnetic fields and power flows for generator stator cables are in this article associated with Poynting's theorem. Geometrical design and insulation material properties are then linked to Poynting's theory showing that circular stator cables enable higher voltages while maintaining a high power flow. Today several high voltage generators and two transformers have been built and are currently in operation. This paper discusses the application of the Poynting Theorem to cable wound generators.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Briscoe, W. J., et al.
(author)
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Nuclear physics program at MAX-lab
- 2009
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In: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 0899-9996 .- 1674-1137. ; 33:12, s. 1159-1166
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The upgrade of the MAX-lab Injector and the construction of MAX III, provided the opportunity for upgrading the tagged-photon facility and thus lead to the possibility of more extensive program in nuclear physics research This upgrade increased the injected electron energy to all eventual maximum of 250 MeV and allows for the extraction of electrons from the MAX I ring operated in the stretcher mode The first stretched bean was delivered in September 2005. The tagged-photon facility was commissioned in parallel with the commissioning of new experimental equipment. The PAC approved experimental program is current in progress, including measurement of pion photoproduction below the Delta(1232) The efforts at the tagged photon-facility are pursed within all international collaboration with around fifty members
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| 14. |
- Burström, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Parental uncertainty about transferring their adolescent with congenital heart disease to adult care
- 2019
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 75:2, s. 380-387
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To study parent's levels of uncertainty related to the transfer from pediatric to adult care in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to identify potentially correlating factors. Background: Parents acknowledge that during transition they struggle with finding ways of feeling secure in handing over the responsibility and letting go of control. Well-prepared and informed parents who feel secure are most likely better skilled to support their adolescent and to hand over the responsibility. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Overall, 351 parents were included (35% response rate). Parental uncertainty was assessed using a Linear Analogue Scale (0-100). Data were collected between January - August 2016. Potential correlates were assessed using the readiness for transition questionnaire and sociodemographic data. Results: The mean parental uncertainty score was 42.5. Twenty-four percent of the parents had a very low level of uncertainty (score 0-10) and 7% had a very high level (score 91-100). Overall, 26% of the mothers and 36% of the fathers indicated that they had not started thinking of the transfer yet. The level of uncertainty was negatively associated with the level of perceived overall readiness. Adolescents' age, sex, CHD complexity, and parental age were not related to uncertainty. Conclusion: A wide range in the levels of uncertainty was found. Parents who were less involved in the care, or perceived their adolescent as readier for the transition, felt less uncertain. Still, thirty percent of the parents had not started to think about the transfer to adult care.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Capo, Eric, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen-deficient water zones in the Baltic Sea promote uncharacterized Hg methylating microorganisms in underlying sediments
- 2022
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1939-5590 .- 0024-3590. ; 67:1, s. 135-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human-induced expansion of oxygen-deficient zones can have dramatic impacts on marine systems and its resident biota. One example is the formation of the potent neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) that is mediated by microbial methylation of inorganic divalent Hg (HgII) under oxygen-deficient conditions. A negative consequence of the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones could be an increase in MeHg production due to shifts in microbial communities in favor of microorganisms methylating Hg. There is, however, limited knowledge about Hg-methylating microbes, i.e., those carrying hgc genes critical for mediating the process, from marine sediments. Here, we aim to study the presence of hgc genes and transcripts in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from four surface sediments with contrasting concentrations of oxygen and sulfide in the Baltic Sea. We show that potential Hg methylators differed among sediments depending on redox conditions. Sediments with an oxygenated surface featured hgc-like genes and transcripts predominantly associated with uncultured Desulfobacterota (OalgD group) and Desulfobacterales (including Desulfobacula sp.) while sediments with a hypoxic-anoxic surface included hgc-carrying Verrucomicrobia, unclassified Desulfobacterales, Desulfatiglandales, and uncharacterized microbes. Our data suggest that the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones in marine systems may lead to a compositional change of Hg-methylating microbial groups in the sediments, where Hg methylators whose metabolism and biology have not yet been characterized will be promoted and expand.
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| 17. |
- Cavefors, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Isolated diastolic dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients.
- 2023
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-8615 .- 0883-9441. ; 76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is important in critically ill patients, but prevalence and impact on mortality is not well studied. We classified intensive care patients with normal left ventricular function according to current diastolic guidelines and explored associations with mortality.Echocardiography was performed within 24h of intensive care admission. Patients with reduced LV ejection fraction, regional wall motion abnormality, or a history of cardiac disease were excluded. Patients were classified according to the 2016 EACVI guidelines, Recommendations for the Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function by Echocardiography.Out of 218 patients, 162 (74%) had normal diastolic function, 21 (10%) had diastolic dysfunction, and 35 (17%) had indeterminate diastolic function. Diastolic dysfunction were more common in female patients, older patients and associated with sepsis, respiratory and cardiovascular comorbidity as well as higher SAPS Score. In a risk-adjusted logistic regression model, patients with indeterminate diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.3 [1.6-11.4], p=0.004) or diastolic dysfunction (OR 5.1 [1.6-16.5], p=0.006) had an increased risk of death at 90days compared to patients with normal diastolic function.Isolated diastolic dysfunction, assessed by a multi-parameter approach, is common in critically ill patients and is associated with mortality.Secondary analysis of data from a single-center prospective observational study focused on systolic dysfunction in intensive care unit patients (Clinical Trials ID: NCT03787810.
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| 18. |
- Cavefors, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction associated with critical illness: incidence and effect on outcome
- 2021
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In: Esc Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 2055-5822. ; 8:6, s. 5415-5423
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can be triggered by non-cardiac disease, such as sepsis, hypoxia, major haemorrhage, or severe stress (Takotsubo syndrome), but its clinical importance is not established. In this study, we evaluate the incidence and impact on mortality of LV dysfunction associated with critical illness. Methods and results In this single-centre, observational study, consecutive patients underwent an echocardiographic examination within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. LV systolic dysfunction was defined as an ejection fraction (EF) < 50% and/or regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA). A cardiologist assessed patients with LV dysfunction for the presence of an acute or chronic cardiac disease, and coronary angiography was performed in high-risk patients. Of the 411 patients included, 100 patients (24%) had LV dysfunction and in 52 (13%) of these patients, LV dysfunction was not attributed to a cardiac disease. Patients with LV dysfunction and non-cardiac disease had higher mortality risk score (Simplified Acute Physiologic Score 3 score), heart rate, noradrenaline doses, and lactate levels as well as decreased EF, stroke volume, and cardiac output compared with patients with normal LV function. Diagnoses most commonly associated with LV dysfunction and non-cardiac disease were sepsis, respiratory insufficiency, major haemorrhage, and neurological disorders. RWMA (n = 40) with or without low EF was more common than global hypokinesia (n = 12) and was reversible in the majority of cases. Twelve patients had a circumferential pattern of RWMA in concordance with Takotsubo syndrome. Crude 30 day mortality was higher in patients with LV dysfunction and non-cardiac disease compared with patients with normal LV function (33% vs. 18%, P = 0.023), but not after risk adjustment (primary outcome) {odds ratio [OR] 1.56 [confidence interval (CI) 0.75-3.39], P = 0.225}. At 90 days, crude mortality was 44% and 22% (P = 0.002), respectively, in these groups. This difference was also significant after risk adjustment [OR 2.40 (CI 1.18-4.88), P = 0.016]. Conclusions Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is commonly triggered by critical illness, is frequently seen as regional hypokinesia, and is linked to an increased risk of death. The prognostic importance of LV dysfunction in critical illness might be underestimated.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Dahlström, Örjan, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive training and effects on speech-in noise performance in normal hearing and hearing impaired individuals
- 2015
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In: CHSCOM2015. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 127-127
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cognitive training might have potential to improve speech understanding under adverse listening conditions. Here, we have examined the effects of a 5-week computer-based cognitive training program on speech-in-noise-performance, in normal hearing (NH) participants and in participants with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (HI).Two groups, matched on gender and age (45-65 years), of 20 participants each (HI and NH respectively) are recruited. Participants perform four test-sessions; inclusion (t0), five weeks (t1), ten weeks (t2) and six months (t3). Training is performed either between t0 and t1, or between t1 and t2 (using a cross-over design), using the computer-based Cogmed training program, approximately 30-40 minutes per day, five days per week, during five weeks. At each session participants are tested in three different ways: (a) cognitive testing (KIPS, SICSPAN, TRT); (b) auditory performance (pure tone-audiometry (air- and bone-conduction) and speech audiometry (HINT, Swedish SPIN-test (SNR +4dB))); (c) cortical activation (MR sessions where participants performed a speech-in-noise task using Hagerman-sentences with steady-state speech-spectrum noise (SSN) and with two competing talkers). MR imaging is performed on a Philips Achieva 1.5 Tesla scanner using a sparse imaging technique in which stimuli are presented during the silent period between successive scans. Participants listen to auditory stimuli under eight different conditions: clear speech, SSN or two competing talkers (each at 90%, 50% and 0% intelligibility), and silent rest. Pre- and post-training, hearing disability is assessed by the Speech-Spatial-Qualities-Questionnaire.The study is on-going and behavioral results as well as results from fMRI will be presented.
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| 21. |
- Dlugosz, Aldona, et al.
(author)
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No difference in small bowel microbiota between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls
- 2015
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several studies have indicated that colonic microbiota may exhibit important differences between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. Less is known about the microbiota of the small bowel. We used massive parallel sequencing to explore the composition of small bowel mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS and healthy controls. We analysed capsule biopsies from the jejunum of 35 patients (26 females) with IBS aged 18-(36)-57 years and 16 healthy volunteers (11 females) aged 20-(32)-48 years. Sequences were analysed based on taxonomic classification. The phyla with the highest total abundance across all samples were: Firmicutes (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Actinobacteria (9.3%) and Fusobacteria (7.0%). The most abundant genera were: Streptococcus (19%), Veillonella (13%), Prevotella (12%), Rothia (6.4%), Haemophilus (5.7%), Actinobacillus (5.5%), Escherichia (4.6%) and Fusobacterium (4.3%). We found no difference among major phyla or genera between patients with IBS and controls. We identified a cluster of samples in the small bowel microbiota dominated by Prevotella, which may represent a common enterotype of the upper small intestine. The remaining samples formed a gradient, dominated by Streptococcus at one end and Escherichia at the other.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Doria, AS, et al.
(author)
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Reliability of progressive and additive MRI scoring systems for evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy in children: Expert MRI Working Group of the International Prophylaxis Study Group
- 2005
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In: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 11:3, s. 245-253
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effective treatment of haemophilic arthropathy requires a detailed evaluation of joint integrity. Methodological assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores are needed to assure reproducibility of measurements when comparing results of clinical trials conducted in different centres. We compared the reliability of two MRI scoring systems for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy: one progressive system that displays the most severe change and one additive system that depicts osteochondral and soft tissue-related changes. A total of 47 1.5 T MRI examinations of knees (n = 21) and ankles (n = 26) of 42 haemophilic boys, age range, 22 months to 18 years, performed at different centres (Toronto, n = 20, Europe, n = 12 and Denver, n = 15) were independently reviewed by four radiologists at two occasions. Twenty-two examinations were from children < 9 years and 25 from children &GE; 9. Sagittal and coronal gradient-echo (MPGR, 3D FLASH with fat saturation, GRASS) images were obtained. The MRI examinations of the ankle and knee studies presented with osteochondral abnormalities in 38.5% and 23.8% of the cases respectively. The two scoring systems demonstrated an excellent inter-reader [progressive, 0.88; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.86] and intra-reader [progressive, 0.92; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.93] reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Although ICCs were slightly higher for knees when compared with ankles, and for older children when compared with younger children, all values fell within excellent inter- and intra-reader reliability categories. The two MRI scoring systems demonstrated a comparable reliability. This result constitutes the basis for further development of a combined MRI scoring system for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy, which incorporates progressive and additive components.
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| 24. |
- Doria, Andrea S., et al.
(author)
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Quantitative versus semiquantitative MR imaging of cartilage in blood-induced arthritic ankles: preliminary findings
- 2014
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In: Pediatric Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1998 .- 0301-0449. ; 44:5, s. 576-586
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent advances in hemophilia prophylaxis have raised the need for accurate noninvasive methods for assessment of early cartilage damage in maturing joints to guide initiation of prophylaxis. Such methods can either be semiquantitative or quantitative. Whereas semiquantitative scores are less time-consuming to be performed than quantitative methods, they are prone to subjective interpretation. To test the feasibility of a manual segmentation and a quantitative methodology for cross-sectional evaluation of articular cartilage status in growing ankles of children with blood-induced arthritis, as compared with a semiquantitative scoring system and clinical-radiographic constructs. Twelve boys, 11 with hemophilia (A, n = 9; B, n = 2) and 1 with von Willebrand disease (median age: 13; range: 6-17), underwent physical examination and MRI at 1.5 T. Two radiologists semiquantitatively scored the MRIs for cartilage pathology (surface erosions, cartilage loss) with blinding to clinical information. An experienced operator applied a validated quantitative 3-D MRI method to determine the percentage area of denuded bone (dAB) and the cartilage thickness (ThCtAB) in the joints' MRIs. Quantitative and semiquantitative MRI methods and clinical-radiographic constructs (Hemophilia Joint Health Score [HJHS], Pettersson radiograph scores) were compared. Moderate correlations were noted between erosions and dAB (r = 0.62, P = 0.03) in the talus but not in the distal tibia (P > 0.05). Whereas substantial to high correlations (r range: 0.70-0.94, P < 0.05) were observed between erosions, cartilage loss, HJHS and Pettersson scores both at the distal tibia and talus levels, moderate/borderline substantial (r range: 0.55-0.61, P < 0.05) correlations were noted between dAB/ThCtAB and clinical-radiographic constructs. Whereas the semiquantitative method of assessing cartilage status is closely associated with clinical-radiographic scores in cross-sectional studies of blood-induced arthropathy, quantitative measures provide independent information and are therefore less applicable for that research design.
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| 25. |
- Doria, A S, et al.
(author)
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Reliability and construct validity of the compatible MRI scoring system for evaluation of elbows in haemophilic children.
- 2008
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In: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 14:2, s. 303-314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Summary. We assessed the reliability and construct validity of the Compatible MRI scale for evaluation of elbows, and compared the diagnostic performance of MRI and radiographs for assessment of these joints. Twenty-nine MR examinations of elbows from 27 boys with haemophilia A and B [age range, 5–17 years (mean, 11.5)] were independently read by four blinded radiologists on two occasions. Three centres participated in the study: (Toronto, n = 24 examinations; Atlanta, n = 3; Cuiaba, n = 2). The number of previous joint bleeds and severity of haemophilia were reference standard measures. The inter-reader reliability of MRI scores was substantial (ICC = 0.73) for the additive (A)-scale and excellent (ICC = 0.83) for the progressive (P)-scale. The intrareader reliability was excellent for both P-scores (ICC = 0.91) and A-scores (ICC = 0.93). The total P- and A-scores correlated poorly (r = 0.36) or moderately (r = 0.54), but positively, with clinical-laboratory measurements. The total MRI scores demonstrated high accuracy for discrimination of presence or absence of arthropathy [P-scale, area-under-the-curve (AUC) = 0.94 ± 0.05; A-scale, AUC = 0.89 ± 0.06], as did the soft tissue scores of both scales (P-scale, AUC = 0.90 ± 0.06; A-scale, AUC = 0.86 ± 0.06). Areas-under-the-curve used to discriminate severe disease demonstrated high accuracy for both P-MRI scores (AUC = 0.83 ± 0.09) and A-MRI scores (AUC = 0.87 ± 0.09), but non-diagnostic ability to discriminate mild disease. Similar results were noted for radiographic scales. In conclusion, both MRI scales demonstrated substantial to excellent reliability and accuracy for discrimination of presence/absence of arthropathy, and severe/non-severe disease, but poor to moderate convergent validity for total scores and non-diagnostic discriminant validity for mild/non-mild disease. Compared with radiographic scores, MRI scales did not perform better for discrimination of severity of arthropathy.
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| 26. |
- Doria, A. S., et al.
(author)
-
Reliability and construct validity of the compatible MRI scoring system for evaluation of haemophilic knees and ankles of haemophilic children. Expert MRI working group of the international prophylaxis study group
- 2006
-
In: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 12:5, s. 503-513
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We tested the reliability and construct validity of the Compatible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scale for the evaluation of haemophilic knees and ankles and compared the diagnostic performance of MRI and plain film radiographs. Sagittal and coronal gradient-echo 1.5-T MR images of knees (n = 22) and ankles (n = 23) were obtained from boys (age range 4-16 years; mean 11 years) in two centres (Toronto, n = 26; Europe, n = 19). The MR images were independently read by four blinded radiologists on two occasions. Number of previous joint bleedings and laboratory level of severity of haemophilia were the reference standards for imaging assessment. Both components of the MRI scale demonstrated high inter- and intrareader intraclass correlation coefficients (progressive (P) scale, 0.91 and 0.94; additive (A) scale, 0.81 and 0.92 respectively). The correlation between the osteochondral domain of the MRI scale and patient's age was moderate. Otherwise, correlations between A- and P-scales and clinical laboratory measurements were weak. The areas under the curve (AUCs) used for discrimination of disease severity were similar for the A- and P-scales (AUCs used for mild disease, A-scale, 0.72 +/- 0.07; P-scale, 0.69 +/- 0.08; P = 0.23; AUCs for severe disease, A-scale, 0.93 +/- 0.05; P-scale, 0.87 +/- 0.08; P = 0.05). No differences were noted between the AUCs of the MRI and radiographic scales used for discrimination of late osteoarticular changes; MRI scales performed better for discrimination of early changes. In conclusion, both MRI scales demonstrated excellent reliability, poor convergent validity, and moderate and excellent validity for discrimination of mild and severe diseases respectively. Compared with radiographic scores, the MRI scales performed better for discrimination of early osteoarticular changes.
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| 27. |
- Dupont, Chris L., et al.
(author)
-
Functional Tradeoffs Underpin Salinity-Driven Divergence in Microbial Community Composition
- 2014
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e89549-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bacterial community composition and functional potential change subtly across gradients in the surface ocean. In contrast, while there are significant phylogenetic divergences between communities from freshwater and marine habitats, the underlying mechanisms to this phylogenetic structuring yet remain unknown. We hypothesized that the functional potential of natural bacterial communities is linked to this striking divide between microbiomes. To test this hypothesis, metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities along a 1,800 km transect in the Baltic Sea area, encompassing a continuous natural salinity gradient from limnic to fully marine conditions, was explored. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that salinity is the main determinant of dramatic changes in microbial community composition, but also of large scale changes in core metabolic functions of bacteria. Strikingly, genetically and metabolically different pathways for key metabolic processes, such as respiration, biosynthesis of quinones and isoprenoids, glycolysis and osmolyte transport, were differentially abundant at high and low salinities. These shifts in functional capacities were observed at multiple taxonomic levels and within dominant bacterial phyla, while bacteria, such as SAR11, were able to adapt to the entire salinity gradient. We propose that the large differences in central metabolism required at high and low salinities dictate the striking divide between freshwater and marine microbiomes, and that the ability to inhabit different salinity regimes evolved early during bacterial phylogenetic differentiation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of microbial distributions and stress the need to incorporate salinity in future climate change models that predict increased levels of precipitation and a reduction in salinity.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Eklund, K., et al.
(author)
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Are digital images good enough? A comparative study of conventional film-screen vs digital radiographs on printed images of total hip replacement.
- 2004
-
In: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 14:5, s. 865-869
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability and to find differences in diagnostic safety between digital and analog technique in diagnostic zones around hip prostheses. In 80 patients who had had a total hip replacement (THR) for more than 2 years, a conventional image and a digital image were taken. Gruen's model of seven distinct regions of interest was used for evaluations. Five experienced radiologists observed the seven regions and noted in a protocol the following distances: stem-cement; cement-bone; and stem-bone. All images were printed on hard copies and were read twice. Weighted kappa, kappa(w), analyses were used. The two most frequently loosening regions, stem-cement region 1 and cement-bone region 7, were closely analyzed. In region 1 the five observers had an agreement of 86.75-97.92% between analog and digital images in stem-cement, which is a varied kappa(w) 0.29-0.71. For cement-bone region 7 an agreement of 87.21-90.45% was found, which is a varied kappa(w) of 0.48-0.58. All the kappa values differ significantly from nil. The result shows that digital technique is as good as analog radiographs for diagnosing possible loosening of hip prostheses.
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| 30. |
- Espinosa, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Enhanced social learning of threat in adults with autism
- 2020
-
In: Molecular Autism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2040-2392. ; 11:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recent theories have linked autism to challenges in prediction learning and social cognition. It is unknown, however, how autism affects learning about threats from others "demonstrators"through observation, which contains predictive learning based on social information. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate social fear learning in individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine whether typically developing social cognition is necessary for successful observational learning. Methods: Adults with ASD (n = 23) and neurotypical controls (n = 25) completed a social fear learning (SFL) procedure in which participants watched a "demonstrator"receiving electrical shocks in conjunction with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+), but never with a safe control stimulus (CS-). Skin conductance was used to measure autonomic responses of learned threat responses to the CS+ versus CS-. Visual attention was measured during learning using eye tracking. To establish a non-social learning baseline, each participant also underwent a test of Pavlovian conditioning. Results: During learning, individuals with ASD attended less to the demonstrator's face, and when later tested, displayed stronger observational, but not Pavlovian, autonomic indices of learning (skin conductance) compared to controls. In controls, both higher levels of attention to the demonstrator's face and trait empathy predicted diminished expressions of learning during test. Limitations: The relatively small sample size of this study and the typical IQ range of the ASD group limit the generalizability of our findings to individuals with ASD in the average intellectual ability range. Conclusions: The enhanced social threat learning in individuals with ASD may be linked to difficulties using visual attention and mental state attributions to downregulate their emotion.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Fissum, Kevin, et al.
(author)
-
High-resolution measurement of the 12C(γ,p)11B reaction to excited states for Eγ=50–70MeV
- 1998
-
In: Physical Review C: covering nuclear physics. - 2469-9985. ; 58:4, s. 2167-2173
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Relative population of states in 11B following the 12C(γ,p) reaction has been measured with high resolution using the deexcitation γ-ray technique. The states near 7 MeV in 11B are clearly resolved and the measured population clarifies earlier conflicting data. Comparison of the results with new calculations indicates the importance of both one-nucleon and multinucleon processes.
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| 35. |
- Fortner, Renée T., et al.
(author)
-
Ovarian cancer early detection by circulating CA125 in the context of anti-CA125 autoantibody levels : Results from the EPIC cohort
- 2018
-
In: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 142:7, s. 1355-1360
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CA125 is the best ovarian cancer early detection marker to date; however, sensitivity is limited and complementary markers are required to improve discrimination between ovarian cancer cases and non-cases. Anti-CA125 autoantibodies are observed in circulation. Our objective was to evaluate whether these antibodies (1) can serve as early detection markers, providing evidence of an immune response to a developing tumor, and (2) modify the discriminatory capacity of CA125 by either masking CA125 levels (resulting in lower discrimination) or acting synergistically to improve discrimination between cases and non-cases. We investigated these objectives using a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC) including 250 cases diagnosed within 4 years of blood collection and up to four matched controls. Circulating CA125 antigen and antibody levels were quantified using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Adjusted areas under the curve (aAUCs) by 2-year lag-time intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression calibrated toward the absolute risk estimates from a pre-existing epidemiological risk model as an offset-variable. Anti-CA125 levels alone did not discriminate cases from controls. For cases diagnosed <2 years after blood collection, discrimination by CA125 antigen was suggestively higher with higher anti-CA125 levels (aAUC, highest antibody tertile: 0.84 [0.76-0.92]; lowest tertile: 0.76 [0.67-0.86]; p(het)=0.06). We provide the first evidence of potentially synergistic discrimination effects of CA125 and anti-CA125 antibodies in ovarian early detection. If these findings are replicated, evaluating CA125 in the context of its antibody may improve ovarian cancer early detection. What's new? Although CA125, a mucin produced in epithelial cells, is a known marker for ovarian cancer, complementary biomarkers are necessary for reliable early cancer detection. Here, the authors examined autoantibodies against CA125 as potential pre-diagnosis markers. Although anti-CA125 levels did not discriminate between ovarian cases and controls, discrimination of CA125 differed by levels of its antibody, with the highest discrimination among women with the highest antibody levels. The authors propose that CA125 and anti-CA125 may act synergistically for ovarian cancer early detection.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Fristedt, R., et al.
(author)
-
PSB33 sustains photosystem II D1 protein under fluctuating light conditions
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Experimental Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 68:15, s. 4281-4293
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- On Earth, solar irradiance varies as the sun rises and sets over the horizon, and sunlight is thus in constant fluctuation, following a slow dark-low-high-low-dark curve. Optimal plant growth and development are dependent on the capacity of plants to acclimate and regulate photosynthesis in response to these changes of light. Little is known of regulative processes for photosynthesis during nocturnal events. The nucleus-encoded plant lineage-specific protein PSB33 has been described as stabilizing the photosystem II complex, especially under light stress conditions, and plants lacking PSB33 have a dysfunctional state transition. To clarify the localization and function of this protein, we used phenomic, biochemical and proteomics approaches in the model plant Arabidopsis. We report that PSB33 is predominantly located in non-appressed thylakoid regions and dynamically associates with a thylakoid protein complex in a light-dependent manner. Moreover, plants lacking PSB33 show an accelerated D1 protein degradation in nocturnal periods, and show severely stunted growth when challenged with fluctuating light. We further show that the function of PSB33 precedes the STN7 kinase to regulate or balance the excitation energy of photosystems I and II in fluctuating light conditions.
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| 39. |
- Fritzell, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Bacteria : back pain, leg pain and Modic sign—a surgical multicentre comparative study
- 2019
-
In: European spine journal. - : Springer. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 28:12, s. 2981-2989
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To compare bacterial findings in pain-generating degenerated discs in adults operated on for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), and mostly also suffering from low back pain (LBP), with findings in adolescent patients with non-degenerated non-pain-generating discs operated on for scoliosis, and to evaluate associations with Modic signs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) has been found in painful degenerated discs, why it has been suggested treating patients with LDH/LBP with antibiotics. As multidrug-resistant bacteria are a worldwide concern, new indications for using antibiotics should be based on solid scientific evidence.Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, 40 adults with LDH/LBP (median age 43, IQR 33–49) and 20 control patients with scoliosis (median age 17, IQR 15–20) underwent surgery at seven Swedish hospitals. Samples were cultured from skin, surgical wound, discs and vertebrae. Genetic relatedness of C. acnes isolates was investigated using single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. DNA samples collected from discs/vertebrae were analysed using 16S rRNA-based PCR sequencing. MRI findings were assessed for Modic changes.Results: No bacterial growth was found in 6/40 (15%) LDH patients, compared with 3/20 (15%) scoliosis patients. Most positive samples in both groups were isolated from the skin and then from subcutis or deep within the wound. Of the four disc and vertebral samples from each of the 60 patients, 235/240 (98%) were DNA negative by bacterial PCR. A single species, C. acnes, was found exclusively in the disc/vertebra from one patient in each group. In the LDH group, 29/40 (72%) patients had at least one sample with growth of C. acnes, compared to 14/20 (70%) in the scoliosis group. Bacterial findings and Modic changes were not associated.Conclusions: Cutibacterium acnes found in discs and vertebrae during surgery for disc herniation in adults with degenerated discs may be caused by contamination, as findings in this group were similar to findings in a control group of young patients with scoliosis and non-degenerated discs. Furthermore, such findings were almost always combined with bacterial findings on the skin and/or in the wound. There was no association between preoperative Modic changes and bacterial findings. Antibiotic treatment of lumbar disc herniation with sciatica and/or low back pain, without signs of clinical discitis/spondylitis, should be seriously questioned.
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| 40. |
- Ganenko, V., et al.
(author)
-
Linearly polarized photon beam at MAX-lab
- 2014
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 763, s. 137-149
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A linearly polarized photon beam has been produced at MAX-lab using the coherent bremsstrahlung of electrons with an energy of 192.6 MeV in a 0.1 mm thick diamond crystal. The intensity and shape of the coherent maxima and their dependence on the crystal orientation are similar to the features observed at higher electron energies (similar to 1 GeV) and are well described by coherent bremsstrahlung theory. The linear polarization of the uncollimated beam at the coherent peak energy approximate to 50-60 MeV is about 20% and can be increased to 40-45% if collimation of half the characteristic angle is used At present the degree of polarization is high enough to allow the study of polarization observables in photo-nuclear reactions at MAX-lab in the energy range from Giant Dipole Resonance up to approximate to 80 MeV. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- Gevert, Börje Sten, 1956, et al.
(author)
-
Hydro processing rape seed oil with gas oil for diesel fuel
- 2009
-
In: Abstract of Papers of the American Chemical Society. - 0065-7727. - 9780841224414
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The work was divided into two different series of light gas oil (LLGO) and heavy gas oil (HGO). The rapeseed oil was blended with the gas oils in the following concentrations: 10%, 20% and 30%. The pressure was maintained constant. The flow rate, temperature were varied. It is possible to blend rape seed oil into HGO and LLGO in the production of low sulfur diesel fuel. The conversion of the rapeseed oil to hydrocarbon was higher when blended into LLGO compared to HGO. Low reaction temperatures and high flow rates give less amount of conversion of the rape seed oil.
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| 42. |
- Glimskär, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Inventering och utveckling för uppföljning av gräsmarks- och hällmarksnaturtyper 2017
- 2018
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten beskriver resultat från biogeografisk uppföljning av några naturtyper med sparsam förekomst i landskapet. För hällmarkstorrängar (naturtyp 8230) visas resultat från tredje året av uppföljningen, som bland annat visar att en stor andel av hällmarkstorrängarna ligger utanför skyddade områden. För alvar, basiska berghällar och karsthällmark är 2017 det första året för ett förtätat stickprov på Öland och Gotland. Förutom variabler för artförekomst och vegetationsstruktur ingår också beskrivning av vittringsmaterial och karstsprickor samt en särskild metodik för karstlevande snäckor. Svämängar har karterats i sin helhet längs Vindelälven, med ett stickprov av fältbesökta ytor. De kommande fem åren är planen att svämängar vid samtliga större vattendrag från Dalälven och norrut karteras. Förutom uppföljningen av dessa naturtyper, så har även utvecklingsinsatser gjorts för andra naturtyper, som underlag för framtida uppföljning. Ett mindre antal objekt av höglänta slåtterängar och slåtterängar i låglandet har inventerats, för att ge underlag för hur artsammansättningen kan ge stöd för en tillförlitlig klassning av slåtter- och betespräglade naturtyper. Första tester har gjorts för hur högörtängar och svämängar kan följas vid mindre vattendrag, men fler år behövs för att slutsatserna ska bli tydliga. Tester har också gjorts för hur Remiils miljöövervakning i gräsmarker kan bidra för vanliga gräsmarksnaturtyper, men en bra lösning förutsätter kraftigt förbättrad samordning mellan olika inventeringar.
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| 43. |
- Glimskär, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Inventering och utveckling för uppföljning av gräsmarks- och hällmarksnaturtyper 2017 (reviderad rapport)
- 2018
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna rapport beskrivs resultat från arbetet med biogeografisk uppföljning av några naturtyper med sparsam eller aggregerad fördelning i landskapet. För hällmarkstorrängar (naturtyp 8230) redovisas här resultat från tredje året av det sexåriga inventeringsvarv, där polygoner större än 100 m2 (d.v.s. 0,01 hektar) har avgränsats med flygbildstolkning och därefter inventerats med tätt utlagda provytor, med minsta avstånd 10 m. En stor andel av hällmarkstorrängarna ligger utanför skyddade områden och TUVA-objekt, men förekomsten av hällmarkstorrängsarter är likartad i olika regioner och inom resp. utanför skyddade områden. För rapportering till EU för Art- och habitatdirektivet skulle det vara värdefullt med en utökad uppföljning av hällmarkstorrängar inom skyddade områden, med samma metodik som i det befintliga utlägget. Även för kalkhällmarksnaturtyperna finns en stor andel av ytorna utanför skyddade områden, förutom på Stora alvaret, som är väl täckt av TUVA och Natura 2000-områden. För dessa – basiska berghällar (6110), alvar och prekambriska kalkhällmarker (6280) samt karsthällmarker (8240) – har inventeringen genomförts med ett kraftigt förtätat stickprov av mindre landskapsrutor på Öland och Gotland. En utvidgad flygbildstolkning med heltäckande polygonavgränsning av naturtyper har använts, i kombination med provytor med en utökad lista av arter och andra variabler (t.ex. vittringsmaterial på kalksten, och en särskild grupp av variabler har tagits fram för karstsprickor och karstlevande snäckor. På Gotland har preliminärt, utifrån de provytor som inventerats hittills, ungefär en tredjedel av de fältbesökta provytorna någon förekomst av karstsprickor, och många av dem har ett stort antal hällsnäckor. Utgångspunkten är att denna design och metodik ska utgöra första året av ett tänkt sexårigt inventeringsvarv. För svämängar (6450) har en komplett inventering med avgränsning i flygbilder och stickprov av provytor utförts längs med hela Vindelälven. Under 2017 har omfattningen varit hälften av den tänkta inom ett sexårigt inventeringsvarv, där ambitionen är att samtliga svämängar från Dalälven och norrut ska karteras längs med alla vattendrag i Sverige som finns med i kartskiktet för naturtypen större vattendrag (3210). Att använda infraröda flygfoton från olika tidpunkter för att bedöma översvämningspåverkan ger mycket god träffsäkerhet, och vegetationens sammansättning har överensstämt mycket väl med den förväntade i de fältbesökta ytorna. Svämängar och högörtängar (6430) kan också finnas vid vissa mindre vattendrag, om vattenfluktuationen är tillräckligt stor för att bibehålla en lagom stor störning och förhindra igenväxning med träd och buskar. Vi har därför tagit fram en metodik för att kartera förekomster av de naturtyperna samordnat med den biogeografiska uppföljningen av mindre vattendrag (3260). Inga objekt påträffades 2017, men från 2018 görs uppföljningen i full skala i hela landet, vilket vi hoppas ger goda förutsättningarna för att ändå få användbara resultat till en rimlig kostnad. Metodtesterna för slåtterängar har framför allt fokuserat på naturtyperna slåtterängar i låglandet (6510) och höglänta slåtterängar (6520), men även objekt av lövängar har besökts (6530), för att få en bra helhetsbild över slåtterpräglade värden. För att belysa den frågan har fokus dock varit på markvegetationen, men inte på hävdpåverkade träd, som är en viktig del av lövängarnas värden. Slåtterängarna i alla regioner kännetecknas av stor andel örter i fältskiktet och en relativt enhetlig grupp av kärlväxter som verkar tydligt slåttergynnade i alla de besökta regionerna. Vårt förslag är att man även i fortsättningen utgår ifrån befintliga kartskikt över skyddsvärda slåtterängar, t.ex. från TUVA-databasen och miljöersättningen till slåtterängar. För trädanknutna värden i lövängar behövs dock andra typer av inventeringsmoment än de som har används hittills i detta projekt. Som komplement till t.ex. den klassning av vanliga gräsmarksnaturtyper som görs i Jordbruksverkets kvalitetsuppföljning av ängs- och betesmarker, så har en naturtypsklassning testats även för de gräsmarker som inventeras inom Remiil (Regional miljöövervakning i landskapsrutor), på uppdrag av 18 län. Eftersom denna inventering fokuserar på alla gräsmarkstyper i landskapet, så tillhör endast en mindre andel av fältytorna någon skyddsvärd naturtyp enligt EU:s klassificering, men eftersom totalantalet provytor är stort, så kan det ändå ge ett betydelsefullt och kostnadseffektivt bidrag, om bestämda åtgärder vidtas för att förbättra samordningen mellan de gräsmarksinventeringar som finns.
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| 44. |
- Gong, Ningping, et al.
(author)
-
Roles of leptin in initiation of acquired growth hormone resistance and control of metabolism in rainbow trout
- 2022
-
In: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1490 .- 0363-6119. ; 322:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Catabolic conditions often induce concomitant changes in plasma leptin (Lep), growth hormone (GH), and insulin growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in teleost fish, but it is unclear whether these parts of the endocrine system are responding independently or functionally linked. In this study, fasted rainbow trout was used to study the effects of Lep on the GH-IGF-I system and metabolism. Fish were implanted intraperitoneally with recombinant rainbow trout Lep pellets and remained unfed. After 4 days, plasma GH levels were elevated in the Lep-treated fish in a dose-dependent manner; the expression of hepatic igf1 and plasma IGF-I levels were suppressed accordingly. In vitro Lep treatment reversed ovine GH (oGH)-stimulated expression of igf1 and igf2 in hepatocytes isolated from fasted fish, similar to the inhibitory effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 treatment. However, Lep treatment alone had no effect on the expression of igfs or oGH-stimulated ghr2a expression in the hepatocytes. These results demonstrate an additive effect of Lep on suppression of IGF-I under catabolic conditions, indicating that Lep is likely involved in initiation of acquired GH resistance. Although the Lep-implant treatment had no effect on standard metabolic rate, it significantly suppressed gene expression of hepatic hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose 6-phosphatase, which are key enzymes in lipid utilization and gluconeogenesis, in different patterns. Overall, this study indicates that the Lep increase in fasting salmonids is an important regulatory component for physiological adaptation during periods of food deprivation, involved in suppressing growth and hepatic metabolism to spare energy expenditure.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Gringeri, A, et al.
(author)
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A Randomized Clinical Trial of Prophylaxis in Children with Hemophilia A (the ESPRIT Study).
- 2011
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In: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 9, s. 700-710
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Prevention of arthropathy is a major goal of hemophilia treatment. While studies in adults have demonstrated an impact of prophylaxis on the incidence of joint bleeds and patients' well-being in terms of improved quality of life (QoL), it is unclear whether or not prophylaxis influences the outcome and well-being perception of children with hemophilia. Objective: This randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of prophylaxis with episodic therapy in preventing hemarthroses and image-proven joint damage in children with severe hemophilia A (factor VIII <1%) over a 10-year time period. Methods: Forty-five children with severe hemophilia A, aged 1-7 years (median 4), with negative clinical-radiological joint score at entry and at least one bleed during the previous 6 months, were consecutively randomized to prophylaxis with recombinant factor VIII (25 IU/Kg 3x week) or episodic therapy with ≥25 IU/Kg every 12-24 hours until complete clinical bleeding resolution. Safety, feasibility, direct costs and QoL were also evaluated. Results: Twenty-one children were assigned to prophylaxis, 19 to episodic treatment. Children on prophylaxis had fewer hemarthroses than children on episodic therapy: 0.20 vs. 0.52 events/patient/month (p<0.02). Plain-film radiology showed signs of arthropathy in 6 patients on prophylaxis (29%) vs. 14 on episodic treatment (74%) (p<0.05). Prophylaxis was more effective when started early (≤36 months) with patients having less joint bleeds (0.12 joint bleeds/patient/month) and no radiologic signs of arthropathy. Conclusion: This randomized trial confirms the efficacy of prophylaxis in preventing bleeds and arthropathy in children with hemophilia, particularly when it is initiated early in life.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Götestrand, Simon, et al.
(author)
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Visualization of wrist ligaments with 3D and 2D magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla
- 2022
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In: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 63:3, s. 368-375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Wrist ligaments are challenging to visualize using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Injuries involving the scapholunate ligament (SLL), the lunotriquetral ligament (LTL), and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are common and difficult to diagnose, often requiring diagnostic arthroscopy. Purpose To compare the visualization of wrist ligaments on a three-dimensional (3D) sequence with two-dimensional (2D) sequences on 3-T MRI. Material and Methods Eighteen healthy volunteers were examined with a 3D SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution) sequence and 2D coronal, axial, and sagittal proton density-weighted (PD) sequences. Four musculoskeletal radiologists graded the anatomical visibility of the SLL, LTL, TFCC, and the image quality, using five grades in a visual grading characteristics (VGC) evaluation. After Bonferroni correction, a P value <= 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results The 3D images were graded significantly better than the 2D images in the visualization of the dorsal and palmar parts of the SLL and the LTL. Regarding the TFCC, the 3D images were graded significantly better for visualization of the foveal attachment. 2D imaging was not found significantly superior to 3D imaging in any aspect. Conclusion The 3D SPACE sequence was scored as superior to the 2D sequences at 3 T in the assessment of the SLL, the LTL, and the foveal attachment of the TFCC. Thus, 3D SPACE can replace 2D PD sequences when these ligaments need to be assessed.
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| 49. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Process integration study of a biorefinery producing ethylene from lignocellulosic feedstock for a chemical cluster
- 2011
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In: 6th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. ; 2011
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biorefineries are a way to achieve the transition from our fossil feedstock based society towards the use of sustainable raw materials. Heat integration can help to increase the overall energy efficiency. Therefore integration of biorefinery concepts with industrial clusters can be advantageous. The chemical cluster investigated in this paper consumes a large amount of ethylene. The integration potential of a lignocellulosic ethanol plant and an ethanol dehydration plant is investigated. Based upon Aspen+ simulations integration opportunities at four different levels were identified using traditional Pinch Analysis and Total Site Analysis (TSA): (1) internal integration within each of the two separate processes; (2) heat integration of the two processes with each other; (3) heat integration of the processes with direct material flow from the upstream process to teh downstream process, and (4) integration of the two combined processes with an existing chemical cluster. Savings of up to 51 % utility steam by integrating the lignocellulosic ethanol production process with the ethylene dehydration and the chemical cluster were identified.
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| 50. |
- Hamberger, B, et al.
(author)
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Terrorattackerna mot World Trade Center 11 september 2001
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- New York är ett av världens ledande finanscentrum och USA:s främsta handels- och industristad. Ön Manhattan, stadens kärna och administrativa centrum, är ett av världens mest tätbefolkade områden. Där, i World Trade Center, inträffade den terrorattack som kan betecknas som den största katastrof som människan förorsakat under fredstid.
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