| 1. |
- Robba, Chiara, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest : a pre-planned sub-analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial
- 2022
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In: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 26, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Optimal oxygen targets in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest are uncertain. The primary aim of this study was to describe the values of partial pressure of oxygen values (PaO2) and the episodes of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia occurring within the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association of PaO2 with patients’ outcome. Methods: Preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after OHCA (TTM2) trial. Arterial blood gases values were collected from randomization every 4 h for the first 32 h, and then, every 8 h until day 3. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO2 < 60 mmHg and severe hyperoxemia as PaO2 > 300 mmHg. Mortality and poor neurological outcome (defined according to modified Rankin scale) were collected at 6 months. Results: 1418 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, and 292 patients (20.6%) were female. 24.9% of patients had at least one episode of hypoxemia, and 7.6% of patients had at least one episode of severe hyperoxemia. Both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia were independently associated with 6-month mortality, but not with poor neurological outcome. The best cutoff point associated with 6-month mortality for hypoxemia was 69 mmHg (Risk Ratio, RR = 1.009, 95% CI 0.93–1.09), and for hyperoxemia was 195 mmHg (RR = 1.006, 95% CI 0.95–1.06). The time exposure, i.e., the area under the curve (PaO2-AUC), for hyperoxemia was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.003). Conclusions: In OHCA patients, both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are associated with 6-months mortality, with an effect mediated by the timing exposure to high values of oxygen. Precise titration of oxygen levels should be considered in this group of patients. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02908308, Registered September 20, 2016.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Martin N, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of olfactory sensory neurons in the white clover seed weevil, Apion fulvipes (Coleoptera: Apionidae).
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Insect Physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1611 .- 0022-1910. ; 58:10, s. 1325-1333
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seed-eating Apion weevils (Coleoptera: Apionidae) cause large economic losses in white and red clover seed production across Europe. Monitoring and control of clover weevils would be facilitated by semiochemical-based methods. Until now, however, nothing was known about physiological or behavioral responses to semiochemicals in this insect group. Here we analyzed the antenna of the white clover (Trifolium repens L.) specialist Apion fulvipes Geoffroy with scanning electron microscopy, and used single sensillum recordings with a set of 28 host compounds to characterize 18 classes of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Nine of the OSN classes responded strongly to synthetic compounds with high abundance in clover leaves, flowers, or buds. Eight classes responded only weakly to the synthetic stimuli, whereas one collective class responded exclusively to volatiles released from a crushed clover leaf. The OSNs showed a remarkable degree of specificity, responding to only one or a few chemically related compounds. In addition, we recorded a marked difference in the temporal dynamics of responses between different neurons, compounds, and doses. The identified physiologically active compounds will be screened for behavioral activity, with the ultimate goal to develop an odor-based control strategy for this pest.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bladh, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Standstill Frequency Response Test on a Synchronous Machine Extended With Damper Bar Measurements
- 2016
-
In: IEEE transactions on energy conversion. - 0885-8969 .- 1558-0059. ; 31:1, s. 46-56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Standstill Frequency Response (SSFR) test data from a salient-pole synchronous machine with reconfigurable damper winding is presented. In addition to the regular measurements, the damper bar currents are measured and used to obtain the stator-to-damper transfer functions. The test is performed three times with physically different damper winding configurations. An extension to the standard SSFR test analysis scheme is suggested where the stator-to-damper transfer functions are included. The validity of the identified models is substantiated by comparison of the simulated and measured machine response to a drive torque step disturbance. It is found that the damper winding measurements can be incorporated in the analysis scheme to isolate the effect of the damper circuits. However, for a machine of the type studied, also the standard SSFR test produce yields models that are accurate enough for power system studies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(author)
-
Metabolomics for early pancreatic cancer detection in plasma samples from a Swedish prospective population-based biobank
- 2024
-
In: Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. - : AME Publishing Company. - 2078-6891 .- 2219-679X. ; 15:2, s. 755-767
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pancreatic cancer) is often detected at late stages resulting in poor overall survival. To improve survival, more patients need to be diagnosed early when curative surgery is feasible. We aimed to identify circulating metabolites that could be used as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.Methods: We performed metabolomics by liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma samples from 82 future pancreatic cancer patients and 82 matched healthy controls within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS). Logistic regression was used to assess univariate associations between metabolites and pancreatic cancer risk. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to design a metabolite-based risk score. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to assess the discriminative performance of the metabolite-based risk score.Results: Among twelve risk-associated metabolites with a nominal P value <0.05, we defined a risk score of three metabolites [indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and retention index (RI): 2,745.4] using LASSO. A logistic regression model containing these three metabolites, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, sample date, fasting status, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) yielded an internal area under curve (AUC) of 0.784 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.714–0.854] compared to 0.681 (95% CI: 0.597–0.764) for a model without these metabolites (P value =0.007). Seventeen metabolites were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer survival [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1].Conclusions: Indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and RI: 2,745.4 were identified as the top candidate biomarkers for early detection. However, continued efforts are warranted to determine the usefulness of these metabolites as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.
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| 10. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(author)
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Metabolomics for early pancreatic cancer detection in plasma samples from a Swedish prospective population-based biobank
- 2024
-
In: Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. - : AME Publishing Company. - 2078-6891 .- 2219-679X. ; 15:2, s. 755-767
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pancreatic cancer) is often detected at late stages resulting in poor overall survival. To improve survival, more patients need to be diagnosed early when curative surgery is feasible. We aimed to identify circulating metabolites that could be used as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.Methods: We performed metabolomics by liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma samples from 82 future pancreatic cancer patients and 82 matched healthy controls within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS). Logistic regression was used to assess univariate associations between metabolites and pancreatic cancer risk. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to design a metabolite-based risk score. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to assess the discriminative performance of the metabolite-based risk score.Results: Among twelve risk-associated metabolites with a nominal P value <0.05, we defined a risk score of three metabolites [indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and retention index (RI): 2,745.4] using LASSO. A logistic regression model containing these three metabolites, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, sample date, fasting status, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) yielded an internal area under curve (AUC) of 0.784 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.714–0.854] compared to 0.681 (95% CI: 0.597–0.764) for a model without these metabolites (P value =0.007). Seventeen metabolites were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer survival [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1].Conclusions: Indoleacetate, 3-hydroxydecanoate (10:0-OH), and RI: 2,745.4 were identified as the top candidate biomarkers for early detection. However, continued efforts are warranted to determine the usefulness of these metabolites as early pancreatic cancer biomarkers.
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| 11. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(author)
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Multi-omics profiling to identify early plasma biomarkers in pre-diagnostic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma : a nested case-control study
- 2024
-
In: Translational Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1944-7124 .- 1936-5233. ; 48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor survival. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the outcome through early detection. Here, we aimed to discover novel biomarkers for early PDAC detection using multi-omics profiling in pre-diagnostic plasma samples biobanked after routine health examinations.A nested case-control study within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study was designed. Pre-diagnostic plasma samples from 37 future PDAC patients collected within 2.3 years before diagnosis and 37 matched healthy controls were included. We analyzed metabolites using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, microRNAs by HTG edgeseq, proteins by multiplex proximity extension assays, as well as three clinical biomarkers using milliplex technology. Supervised and unsupervised multi-omics integration were performed as well as univariate analyses for the different omics types and clinical biomarkers. Multiple hypothesis testing was corrected using Benjamini-Hochberg's method and a false discovery rate (FDR) below 0.1 was considered statistically significant.Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 was associated with PDAC risk (OR [95 % CI] = 3.09 [1.31–7.29], FDR = 0.03) and increased closer to PDAC diagnosis. Supervised multi-omics models resulted in poor discrimination between future PDAC cases and healthy controls with obtained accuracies between 0.429–0.500. No single metabolite, microRNA, or protein was differentially altered (FDR < 0.1) between future PDAC cases and healthy controls.CA 19-9 levels increase up to two years prior to PDAC diagnosis but extensive multi-omics analysis including metabolomics, microRNAomics and proteomics in this cohort did not identify novel early biomarkers for PDAC.
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| 12. |
- Borgström, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
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Växtskydd i raps, åkerbönor och ärter: kunskapsbehov och forskningsinriktningar
- 2019
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport är framtagen på initiativ av en fokusgrupp för växtskydd i avbrottsgrödor som bildats inom Plattform växtskydd vid SLU. Rapportens syfte är att identifiera betydande kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas om ett effektivt och hållbart växtskydd ska kunna uppnås i raps, åkerbönor och ärter, som är de arealmässigt viktigaste avbrottsgrödorna till spannmål i Sverige. I sammanställningen beskrivs ett tjugotal av de främsta skadegörarna som angriper dessa grödor samt vilka befintliga växtskyddsåtgärder som finns att tillgå vid angrepp. De mest angelägna kunskapsbehoven och lovande forskningsinriktningarna presenteras också för respektive skadegörare; dessa har fastställts genom litteraturstudier och diskussioner med experter. I rapporten identifieras och diskuteras slutligen också gemensamma teman av kunskapsluckor för flera olika skadegörare. Vi konstaterar att det för flera virus och markburna patogener finns stora kunskapsluckor vad gäller den grundläggande biologin och skadegörarnas förekomst och utbredning i Sverige. Det finns också bristande kunskap om flera skadegörares spridningsmönster, till exempel flygavstånd för insekter. Resistensförädling identifieras som en övergripande och lovande väg framåt för att utveckla växtskyddet mot speciellt patogener som inte kan bekämpas kemiskt, som kransmögel, klumprotsjuka och Turnip Yellows Virus i raps, samt rotrötor i ärter och åkerbönor. Vidare illustrerar vår sammanställning att odlingssystemet, speciellt växtföljden, är central för att hantera många patogener, ogräs och insekter. Särskilt för en del markburna patogener är långa odlingsuppehåll det enskilt viktigaste sättet att begränsa angrepp. Förändringar i hur grödorna odlas, såsom samodling eller etablering med reducerad markbearbetning, påverkar hela samhällen av skadegörare, men oftast studeras bara effekterna på en skadegörare åt gången, utan att hänsyn tas till eventuella samspelseffekter mellan olika skadegörare. Rapporten belyser också att det finns kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas för att vi genom ett integrerat växtskydd ska få bästa möjliga effekt av direkt bekämpning mot skadegörare, till exempel utveckling av tillförlitliga prognosmetoder och/eller välgrundade bekämpningströsklar. Vi drar slutsatsen att en förväntat omfattande framtida odling av raps, åkerbönor, ärter och närbesläktade kål- och ärtväxter i Sverige, i ett förändrat klimat och med en begränsad tillgång till kemiska bekämpningsmedel, kommer att ställa växtskyddet inför stora utmaningar. För att möta dessa utmaningar kommer det krävas forskning som kan ta fram motståndskraftiga grödor, odlingssystem som missgynnar skadegörare samt kompletta strategier för integrerat växtskydd som kan hantera uppkomna skadegörarproblem genom behovsanpassad bekämpning med låg miljöbelastning.
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| 13. |
- Bossér, Ulrika, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Challenges faced by teachers implementing socio-scientific issues as core elements in their classroom practices
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - : Bastas Publications. - 2301-251X. ; 3:2, s. 159-176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Teachers may face considerable challenges when implementing socio‐scientific issues (SSI) in their classroom practices, such as incorporating student‐centred teaching practices and exploring knowledge and values in the context of socio-scientific issues. This year‐long study explores teachers’ reflections on the process of developing their classroom practices when implementing SSI. Video‐recorded discussions between two upper secondary school science teachers and an educational researcher, grounded in the teachers’ reflections on their classroom practices, provided data for the analysis. The results show that during the course of the implementation the teachers enhanced their awareness of the importance of promoting students’ participation and supporting their independence as learners. However, the results also suggest a conflict between the enactment of a student‐centred classroom practice and the achievement of intended learning goals. In order to accept the challenge of implementing SSI in the classroom, it is suggested that it is essential for teachers to build strategies, which integrate dialogue about learning goals.
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| 14. |
- Bossér, Ulrika, 1976-
(author)
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Exploring the complexities of integrating socioscientific issues in science teaching
- 2018
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Socioscientific issues, SSI, can briefly be described as societal issues in which science plays a role. Dealing with SSI in science education is a means to prepare and empower students for active and responsible participation in a complex, democratic society. The implementation of SSI-based teaching calls for classroom practices in which scientific evidence alongside for example social and ethical perspectives are considered. Discourse-based teaching activities are emphasized as a means to provide opportunities for students to practice negotiations of SSI and explore diverse viewpoints on the issues. Dealing with SSI in science teaching is recognized as a challenging task for science teachers. This thesis aims to provide knowledge to support the implementation of SSI-based science teaching. Three studies involving two upper secondary school science teachers are performed to achieve this aim. The first study makes use of video-stimulated discussions to investigate the two teachers’reflections on their classroom practices while they implement SSI throughout an academic year. The second study utilizes the concept positioning as a tool to identify and describe the ways in which one teacher’s interactions with students during group work make available different parts for the students to play as participants, when dealing with SSI in the classroom. The third study makes use of the concept communicative approach to investigate how the two teachers’ management of classroom discussions sets conditions for the consideration of multiple perspectives relevant to SSI, including the students’ viewpoints. The results provide knowledge useful when making considerations about the design and enactment of teaching activities in relation to specific educational goals. The results suggest that a specific challenge with designing and enacting SSI-based teaching activities is to balance between controlling and directing the teaching activities to promote specific learning goals and providing space for students’ participation and perspectives. The results of employing the analytical tools elucidate how this challenge can play out in classroom practice and contribute with knowledge of the ways in which teachers’ discursive practices play a role in addressing this challenge. Strategies to support teachers’ implementation of SSI-based teaching that take account of teachers’ existing practices are discussed.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brancoli, Pedro, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Bread loss rates at the supplier-retailer interface – Analysis of risk factors tosupport waste prevention measures
- 2019
-
In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; , s. 128-136
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper quantifies bread waste throughout the Swedish supply chain and investigates the loss rate of prepackagedbread products at the supplier-retailer interface. The goal is to understand the extent of bread waste inSweden and to identify risk factors for high quantities of waste at the supplier-retailer interface, in order toprovide information supporting waste prevention measures. The study uses primary data, in combination withnational statistics and data from sustainability reports and the literature. Primary data were collected from 380stores of a Swedish retail company and a bakery. Bread waste was calculated to be 80 410 tons/year in Sweden,the equivalent of 8.1 kg per person/year, and was found to be concentrated at households and in retail, specificallyat the supplier-retailer interface. The results provide evidence that take-back agreements between suppliersand retailers, where the retailer only pays for sold products and the supplier bears the cost of the unsoldproducts and their collection and treatment, are risk factors for high waste generation. Current business modelsmay need to be changed to achieve a more sustainable bread supply chain with less waste.
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| 18. |
- Brodin, Gert, et al.
(author)
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Nonlinear quantum electrodynamics in vacuum and plasmas
- 2010
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In: New frontiers in advanced plasma physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 9780735408623 ; , s. 24-34
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider high field physics due to quantum electrodynamics, in particular those that can be studied in the next generation of laser facilities. Effective field theories based on the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian are briefly reviewed, and examples involving plasma- and vacuum physics are given.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Brown, Barry, et al.
(author)
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Seeing Ethnographically: Teaching ethnography as part of CSCW
- 2007
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In: In L. J. Bannon, I. Wagner, C. Gutwin, R. H. R. Harper & K. Schmidt (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. London: Springer. - London : Springer. ; , s. 411-430, s. 411-430
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 21. |
- Brown, Barry, et al.
(author)
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Seeing ethnographically: teaching ethnography as part of CSCW
- 2007. - 1
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While ethnography is an established part of CSCW research, teaching and learning ethnography presents unique and distinct challenges. This paper discusses a study of fieldwork and analysis amongst a group of students learning ethnography as part of a CSCW & design course. Studying the students’ practices we explore fieldwork as a learning experience, both learning about fieldsites as well as learning the practices of ethnography. During their fieldwork and analysis the students used a wiki to collaborate, sharing their field and analytic notes. From this we draw lessons for how ethnography can be taught as a collaborative analytic process and discuss extensions to the wiki to better support its use for collaborating around fieldnotes. In closing we reflect upon the role of learning ethnography as a practical hands on – rather than theoretical – pursuit.
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| 22. |
- Bötzl, Fabian, et al.
(author)
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Predicting crop injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape through pest monitoring in the autumn
- 2024
-
In: Agricultural and Forest Entomology. - 1461-9555 .- 1461-9563. ; 26, s. 62-69
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1. Reliably predicting pest damage would allow farmers to reduce insecticide use without incurring economic losses and thus contribute to agricultural sustainability. However, means to predict pest severity are lacking.2. We assessed whether crop feeding injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape can be predicted from flea beetle pest densities in the previous season using 22 years of suction trap catches of flea beetles in combination with crop feeding injury data from 293 fields.3. We found a strong positive relationship between the densities of flea beetles of the genus Phyllotreta in the summer and autumn activity period of the previous year and crop feeding injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape the following year. Autumn weather or the total cover of spring oilseed rape in the study region did not improve the prediction further.4. Pest monitoring using suction traps is thus a promising tool to predict crop feeding injury and can reduce insecticide use in years with low pest pressures.
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| 23. |
- Danielsson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Gender performativity in physics : affordances or only constraints?
- 2014
-
In: Cultural Studies of Science Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1871-1502 .- 1871-1510. ; 9:2, s. 523-529
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this forum we engage in a dialogue with Allison Gonsalves’s paper ‘“Physics and the girly girl—there is a contradiction somewhere”: Doctoral students’ positioning around discourses of gender and competence in physics’. In her paper Gonsalves uses a sociocultural approach to examine women doctoral students’ stories about becoming physicists. In doing so her paper focuses on how discourses of masculinity and femininity can create available and unavailable positions for the women students. In this dialogue we do a parallel reading of two of the student narratives presented by Gonsalves, using Judith Butler’s (1990) concept of discursive agency as a means to more explicitly bring the affordances for women identity constitution offered by their localized physicist context to the fore, rather focusing on its, often more visible, constraints.
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| 24. |
- Degerman, Sofie, et al.
(author)
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Long Leukocyte Telomere Length at Diagnosis Is a Risk Factor for Dementia Progression in Idiopathic Parkinsonism
- 2014
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Telomere length (TL) is regarded as a marker of cellular aging due to the gradual shortening by each cell division, but is influenced by a number of factors including oxidative stress and inflammation. Parkinson's disease and atypical forms of parkinsonism occur mainly in the elderly, with oxidative stress and inflammation in afflicted cells. In this study the relationship between blood TL and prognosis of 168 patients with idiopathic parkinsonism (136 Parkinson's disease [PD], 17 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy [PSP], and 15 Multiple System Atrophy [MSA]) and 30 controls was investigated. TL and motor and cognitive performance were assessed at baseline (diagnosis) and repeatedly up to three to five years follow up. No difference in TL between controls and patients was shown at baseline, nor any significant difference in TL stability or attrition during follow up. Interestingly, a significant relationship between TL at diagnosis and cognitive phenotype at follow up in PD and PSP patients was found, with longer mean TL at diagnosis in patients that developed dementia within three years.
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| 25. |
- Eek-Karlsson, Liselotte, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Likabehandlingsarbete — en reproduktion av rådande maktordning?
- 2020
-
In: Educare. - Malmö : Malmö universitet. - 1653-1868 .- 2004-5190. ; :2, s. 49-73
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This project sets out to examine how schools identify their assignment to make school to a place of equality. The research questions address how efforts to counteract discrimination regarding sexual orientation, gender and ethnicity are expressed as well as what power structures that can be identified in this respect. In total, 134 documents from compulsory school in municipalities in southern, mid and northern Sweden are collected. The documents are analyzed using Kumashiro´s (2002) four perspectives to conceptualize and work against oppression. The analysis shows different ways that schools address this assignment. Differences regarding what is identified as problems seems to build different approaches in how the work against oppression becomes visible. Double strategies are described in order to both strengthen and challenge the power structure that is prevalent between the norm carrying group and the group the schools identify as marginalized.
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| 26. |
- Emery, Sara, et al.
(author)
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The Potential of Intercropping for Multifunctional Crop Protection in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Agronomy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-3218. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) is a globally important crop which is increasingly under pressure from pests, pathogens and weeds. We investigated the potential of achieving multifunctional crop protection benefits by intercropping oilseed rape with legumes. A field experiment was conducted in which winter oilseed rape was intercropped with the annual frost sensitive legumes berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) or spring faba bean (Vicia faba), or with the winter grain legumes winter faba bean or winter peas (Pisum sativum). We tracked damage to winter oilseed rape by autumn and spring pests (slugs and insects), pathogens, weed biomass, as well as oilseed rape and intercrop yield in each treatment. Intercropping treatments resulted in pest damage that was equivalent or lower than in oilseed rape alone. Follow up field and lab assessments for the frost sensitive legume intercrops provided evidence for a reduction in autumn pest damage to OSR. Each legume intercrop had its own benefits and drawbacks in relation to pest, pathogen and weed suppression, suggesting that the plant species selected for intercropping with oilseed rape should be based on the pests, pathogens and weeds of greatest concern locally to achieve relevant multifunctional benefits. Our study provides a framework for further experiments in which the multifunctional effects of intercropping on pests, pathogens and weeds can be quantified.
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| 27. |
- Feldman, G., et al.
(author)
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Compton scattering from deuterium and the polarizabilities of the neutron
- 2008
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In: Few-Body Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0177-7963 .- 1432-5411. ; 44:1-4, s. 325-328
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new program of Compton scattering on deuterium is under way at the tagged-photon facility at MAX-Lab in Lund, Sweden. We will measure differential cross sections between 60A degrees and 150A degrees over the photon energy range 60-115 MeV in 5 MeV steps, with the ultimate goal of obtaining new precision information on the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the neutron.
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| 28. |
- Fortner, Renée T., et al.
(author)
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Ovarian cancer early detection by circulating CA125 in the context of anti-CA125 autoantibody levels : Results from the EPIC cohort
- 2018
-
In: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 142:7, s. 1355-1360
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CA125 is the best ovarian cancer early detection marker to date; however, sensitivity is limited and complementary markers are required to improve discrimination between ovarian cancer cases and non-cases. Anti-CA125 autoantibodies are observed in circulation. Our objective was to evaluate whether these antibodies (1) can serve as early detection markers, providing evidence of an immune response to a developing tumor, and (2) modify the discriminatory capacity of CA125 by either masking CA125 levels (resulting in lower discrimination) or acting synergistically to improve discrimination between cases and non-cases. We investigated these objectives using a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC) including 250 cases diagnosed within 4 years of blood collection and up to four matched controls. Circulating CA125 antigen and antibody levels were quantified using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Adjusted areas under the curve (aAUCs) by 2-year lag-time intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression calibrated toward the absolute risk estimates from a pre-existing epidemiological risk model as an offset-variable. Anti-CA125 levels alone did not discriminate cases from controls. For cases diagnosed <2 years after blood collection, discrimination by CA125 antigen was suggestively higher with higher anti-CA125 levels (aAUC, highest antibody tertile: 0.84 [0.76-0.92]; lowest tertile: 0.76 [0.67-0.86]; p(het)=0.06). We provide the first evidence of potentially synergistic discrimination effects of CA125 and anti-CA125 antibodies in ovarian early detection. If these findings are replicated, evaluating CA125 in the context of its antibody may improve ovarian cancer early detection. What's new? Although CA125, a mucin produced in epithelial cells, is a known marker for ovarian cancer, complementary biomarkers are necessary for reliable early cancer detection. Here, the authors examined autoantibodies against CA125 as potential pre-diagnosis markers. Although anti-CA125 levels did not discriminate between ovarian cases and controls, discrimination of CA125 differed by levels of its antibody, with the highest discrimination among women with the highest antibody levels. The authors propose that CA125 and anti-CA125 may act synergistically for ovarian cancer early detection.
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| 29. |
- Garske, Ulrike, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Prospective observational study of 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate therapy in 200 patients with advanced metastasized neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) : feasibility and impact of a dosimetry-guided study protocol on outcome and toxicity
- 2018
-
In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 45:6, s. 970-988
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours has yielded promising results. This prospective study investigated the feasibility of dosimetry of the kidneys and bone marrow during therapy and its impact on efficacy and outcome.METHODS: Lu-DOTA-octreotate with co-infusion of a mixed amino acid solution, and cycles were repeated until the absorbed dose to the kidneys reached 23 Gy or there were other reasons for stopping therapy. The Ki-67 index was ≤2% in 47 patients (23.5%), 3-20% in 121 (60.5%) and >20% in 16 (8%).RESULTS: In 123 patients (61.5%) the absorbed dose to the kidneys reached 23 Gy with three to nine cycles during first-line therapy; in no patient was a dose to the bone marrow of 2 Gy reached. The best responses (according to RECIST 1.1) were a complete response (CR) in 1 patient (0.5%), a partial response (PR) in 47 (23.5%), stable disease (SD) in 135 (67.5%) and progressive disease (PD) in 7 (3.5%). Median progression-free survival was 27 months (95% CI 22-30 months) in all patients, 33 months in those in whom the absorbed dose to the kidneys reached 23 Gy and 15 months in those in whom it did not. Median overall survival (OS) was 43 months (95% CI 39-53 months) in all patients, 54 months in those in whom the absorbed dose to the kidneys reached 23 Gy and 25 months in those in whom it did not. Median OS was 60 months in patients with a best response of PR or CR, 42 months in those with SD and 16 months in those with PD. Three patients (1.5%) developed acute leukaemia, 1 patient (0.5%) chronic leukaemia (unconfirmed) and 30 patients (15%) grade 3 or 4 bone marrow toxicity. Eight patients (4%) developed grade 2 kidney toxicity and one patient (0.5%) grade 4 kidney toxicity.CONCLUSIONS: Lu-DOTA-octreotate is feasible. Patients in whom the absorbed dose to the kidneys reached 23 Gy had a longer OS than those in whom it did not. Patients with CR/PR had a longer OS than those with SD. Bone marrow dosimetry did not predict toxicity.
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| 30. |
- Gunnarsson, Rebeqa, et al.
(author)
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Array-based genomic screening at diagnosis and during follow-up in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2011
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In: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 96:8, s. 1161-1169
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background High-resolution genomic microarrays enable simultaneous detection of copy-number aberrations such as the known recurrent aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia [del(11q), del(13q), del(17p) and trisomy 12], and copy-number neutral loss of heterozygosity. Moreover, comparison of genomic profiles from sequential patients' samples allows detection of clonal evolution. Design and Methods We screened samples from 369 patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia from a population-based cohort using 250K single nucleotide polymorphism-arrays. Clonal evolution was evaluated in 59 follow-up samples obtained after 5-9 years. Results At diagnosis, copy-number aberrations were identified in 90% of patients; 70% carried known recurrent alterations, including del(13q) (55%), trisomy 12 (10.5%), del(11q) (10%), and del(17p) (4%). Additional recurrent aberrations were detected on chromosomes 2 (1.9%), 4 (1.4%), 8 (1.6%) and 14 (1.6%). Thirteen patients (3.5%) displayed recurrent copy-number neutral loss of heterozygosity on 13q, of whom 11 had concurrent homozygous del(13q). Genomic complexity and large 13q deletions correlated with inferior outcome, while the former was linked to poor-prognostic aberrations. In the follow-up study, clonal evolution developed in 8/24 (33%) patients with unmutated IGHV, and in 4/25 (16%) IGHV-mutated and treated patients. In contrast, untreated patients with mutated IGHV (n=10) did not acquire additional aberrations. The most common secondary event, del(13q), was detected in 6/12 (50%) of all patients with acquired alterations. Interestingly, aberrations on, for example, chromosome 6q, 8p, 9p and 10q developed exclusively in patients with unmutated IGHV. Conclusions Whole-genome screening revealed a high frequency of genomic aberrations in newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clonal evolution was associated with other markers of aggressive disease and commonly included the known recurrent aberrations.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Hederström, Veronica, et al.
(author)
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White clover pollinators and seed set in relation to local management and landscape context
- 2024
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In: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - 0167-8809. ; 365
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bees are declining, which is worrisome since they both have intrinsic conservation value and play a major role as pollinators in both natural and managed ecosystems. Land use change and lack of suitable habitats are often suggested as driving forces of bee decline. To propose mitigation measures to halt bee decline, it is important to understand how land use relates to bee abundance and diversity, and to explore consequences for their provision of pollination services. White clover, Trifolium repens, is an outcrossing mass-flowering crop, which could serve as an abundant, although ephemeral, food resource for bees. We investigated how the bee community in 39 fields of white clover grown for seed, related to local field management (organic, conventional without insecticides and conventional with insecticides) and landscape context (proportion semi-natural land), and how this pollinator community related to white clover seed set. The honey bee, Apis mellifera, was the most commonly observed bee species, and two generalist bumble bee species, Bombus terrestris and B. lapidarius, were the subsequently most common. We observed fewer non-Apis bees, and a lower bee species richness in organic white clover seed fields compared to conventional fields independent of insecticide treatment. Bee species richness in both conventional and organic fields were positively related to the proportion of semi-natural land in the landscape, likely because of a larger species pool in such landscapes. Initial seed set in immature inflorescences was positively related to bee abundance, whereas final seed set in mature inflorescences was unrelated to bee abundance, possibly as a consequence of seed-eating weevils consuming a large proportion of the seeds. We conclude that both bee visitation and seed set in white clover benefit from conventional management and that landscapes rich in semi-natural habitats will make future crop production more resilient. The observed positive relationship between bee abundance and initial seed set suggests that if we can mitigate pest impacts and increase bee abundance in clover seed fields, the final seed yield can be increased. Thus, bee decline should be considered and mitigated both to maintain biodiversity in general and for crop seed production specifically.
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| 36. |
- Ilderton, Anton, et al.
(author)
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Strong Field, noncommutative QED
- 2010
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In: Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry. - 1815-0659. ; 6:041, s. 27 pages-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review the effects of strong background fields in noncommutative QED. Beginning with the noncommutative Maxwell and Dirac equations, we describe how combined noncommutative and strong field effects modify the propagation of fermions and photons. We extend these studies beyond the case of constant backgrounds by giving a new and revealing interpretation of the photon dispersion relation. Considering scattering in background fields, we then show that the noncommutative photon is primarily responsible for generating deviations from strong field QED results. Finally, we propose a new method for constructing gauge invariant variables in noncommutative QED, and use it to analyse the physics of our null background fields.
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| 37. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Guest editorial : World views on projects and society
- 2019
-
In: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business/Emerald. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 12:2, s. 238-241
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This Special Section of International Journal of Managing Projects in Business contains a collection of six articles focusing on various aspects related to the topic of World Views on Projects and Society. Based in the far-reaching projectification of society (Jacobsson and Jałocha, 2018), and the observation that projects of today both shapes and are shaped by society (Packendorff and Lindgren, 2014), the contributing authors of this Special Section were encouraged to address areas of social concern and the framework(s) of ideas and beliefs which form the way in which people interpret the world and interacts within it. The general themes of this Special Section were inspired by ideas presented in the book Managing and working in project society (Lundin et al., 2015; Lundin, 2016). In the call for the Special Section, three interrelated themes were proposed – “World Views on Projects in Society,” “the World of Projects in Society” and “the Role of Projects in the World” – which together opened up for a broad understanding of the projectification trend which is spreading throughout most parts of society and the world today.
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| 38. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Researching and Theorizing the Temporary Organization and Project Families
- 2013
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In: 22nd Nordic Academy of Management Conference. ; , s. 113-113
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The “what is a project” question is probably one of the most repeated sentences in research related to projects and temporary organizations. The question is natural because if you are going to make assertions or grounded statements about any phenomenon, you need to be clear on what it is to make sense. Since the question has been repeated in several contexts the answers are also fairly disparate, at least if you believe in research as putting the phenomena and research results under scrutiny. Similarly, temporary organization concepts are unclear, both depending on context and on what characteristics are being studied. At that, for some researchers, the denomination temporary organization is thought of as a theoretical construct whereas projects refer to the empirical phenomena. Attempts to define have also been numerous in the past but the success in doing so has however been limited. As we want to promote pluralism and diversity we pose the question of how these concepts can be defined without hindering pluralism in understanding, development, and theorizing? In this paper, notions of family resemblance in a Wittgenstein meaning – the idea that it is not a specific trait, but a variety of traits that are shared by some, but not all, members of a family – are used in this effort to contribute to forwarding the research area towards more opportunities for theorizing.
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| 39. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Researching Projects and Theorizing Families of Temporary Organizations
- 2015
-
In: Project Management Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 46:5, s. 9-18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the contemporary development where most temporary, focused, and organized endeavors can be regarded as a project and studied as a temporary organization, we here ask how these concepts can be defined without hindering pluralism in understanding, development, and theorizing? Based on the notions of family resemblance – the idea that it is not a specific trait, but a variety of traits that are shared by some, but not all, members of a family – we propose a new dynamic framework that we believe is useful in order to advance studies of projects and temporary organizations towards more opportunities for rigorous theorizing.
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| 40. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Researching Projects and Theorizing Families of Temporary Organizations
- 2014
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- “What is a project?”, is probably one of the most repeated questions in research related to projects and temporary organizations. The question is natural because if you are going to make assertions or grounded statements about any phenomenon, you need to be clear on what it is to make sense. Since the question has been repeated in several contexts the answers are also fairly disparate, at least if you believe in research as putting the phenomena and research results under scrutiny. At that, the temporary organization concept is unclear, both depending on context and on what characteristics are being studied. For some but not all researchers, the denomination temporary organization is thought of as a theoretical construct whereas projects refer to empirical phenomena. Attempts to define the two concepts have also been numerous in the past, but the success in doing so has however been limited. As we want to promote pluralism and diversity we pose the question of how these concepts can be defined without hindering pluralism in understanding, development, and theorizing. In this paper, notions of family resemblance in a Wittgenstein meaning – the idea that it is not a specific trait, but a variety of traits that are shared by some, but not all, members of a family – are used in an effort to contribute to forwarding the research area towards more opportunities for more rigorous theorizing.
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| 41. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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The Scandinavian Turn of Project Research : Reflections on History and Future Directions
- 2015
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In retrospect it appears that there was a turn in project research during the late 1980’s and beginning of the 1990’s. The subsequent movement—centered on applying organization theory approaches to projects—is now coming of age. In this paper we focus on the ‘coming of age’ notion by describing trajectories for the ‘Scandinavian School of Project Management’—where it comes from, how it has developed over time, and ultimately reflecting on the question if the movement still exists. In doing so, we juxtapose the emergent ideas with a more structured research programme that came out of the UK around 2006. The main questions addressed concern a) on what these two streams of research have been founded, b) how they have evolved, and c) their influence. Our purpose is to describe and analyze important parts of the contemporary development of project research and to outline potential and plausible directions for the future. The results, which are partly based on a survey distributed to 27 active and well-renowned project researchers around the world, shows that there are signs that the once novel notion of the Scandinavian school has now developed to become normal science in the Kuhn (1970) sense of the expression. Taking on a Kuhnian perspective of the development we sketch two different but parallel types of directions for the future. The first type is to be described as ‘research as usual’, consisting of refinements in line with previous studies along the lines of current practices. The second type is based on how scientific revolutions, potentially also triggered by developments in other scientific areas, might develop to foster new and future directions—a development here tentatively called, a ‘Neo-Scandinavian School of Project Research’.
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| 42. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Towards a multi-perspective research program on projects and temporary organizations Analyzing the Scandinavian turn and the rethinking effort
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business/Emerald. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 9:4, s. 752-766
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze important parts of the contemporary development of project research and to outline plausible and desirable directions for the future. Design/methodology/approach - This is accomplished through a review of the "Scandinavian School of Project Management" and "Rethinking Project Management," which is complemented with a set of questions distributed to 27 active researchers within the project research field from around the world. Findings - Through the analysis the authors show how the two streams have more similarities than differences, despite the fact that they have been initiated in very different contexty 8ts and ways. The authors could also conclude that the "Scandinavian School" appears stronger on the international scene than in the Nordic countries, and that general perception of what the "school" stands for has changed and been blurred with time. Based on the analysis the authors also proposed the need for a broad, more coherent research effort in terms of a multi-perspective research program on projects and temporary organizations. The essence of this would be: an action research profile to improve practice and foresee the future; a combined research focus on institutional change and project practice to ensure both theoretical and empirical progress; and a strong global perspective to further enrich both theory and practice. Research limitations/implications - This research has obvious limitations in terms of empirical scope and response selection. The questionnaire results should therefore be interpreted with care. Originality/value - The value of this research lies in its reflective nature and the proposed trajectory of the project research domain.
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| 43. |
- Kaaks, Rudolf, et al.
(author)
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Tumor-associated autoantibodies as early detection markers for ovarian cancer? : A prospective evaluation
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 143:3, s. 515-526
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Immuno-proteomic screening has identified several tumor-associated autoantibodies (AAb) that may have diagnostic capacity for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, with AAbs to P53 proteins and cancer-testis antigens (CTAGs) as prominent examples. However, the early detection potential of these AAbs has been insufficiently explored in prospective studies. We performed ELISA measurements of AAbs to CTAG1A, CTAG2, P53 and NUDT11 proteins, for 194 patients with ovarian cancer and 705 matched controls from the European EPIC cohort, using serum samples collected up to 36 months prior to diagnosis under usual care. CA125 was measured using electrochemo-luminiscence. Diagnostic discrimination statistics were calculated by strata of lead-time between blood collection and diagnosis. With lead times 6 months, ovarian cancer detection sensitivity at 0.98 specificity (SE98) varied from 0.19 [95% CI 0.08-0.40] for CTAG1A, CTAG2 and NUDT1 to 0.23 [0.10-0.44] for P53 (0.33 [0.11-0.68] for high-grade serous tumors). However, at longer lead-times, the ability of these AAb markers to distinguish future ovarian cancer cases from controls declined rapidly; at lead times >1 year, SE98 estimates were close to zero (all invasive cases, range: 0.01-0.11). Compared to CA125 alone, combined logistic regression scores of AAbs and CA125 did not improve detection sensitivity at equal level of specificity. The added value of these selected AAbs as markers for ovarian cancer beyond CA125 for early detection is therefore limited. What's new? Could autoantibodies against tumor antigens provide an early warning system for ovarian cancer? These authors tested how well certain antibodies detected ovarian cancer. They selected four candidate antibodies, to p53, CTAG1A, CTAG2 and NUDT11 proteins, which appear in elevated levels in cancer patients. None of them performed well as a herald of burgeoning cancer. They did not perform any better than the best currently available biomarker, CA125, and as lead times increased past 6 months prediagnosis, the effectiveness diminished. Surprisingly, elevated antibodies appeared in quite a few of the control samples, suggesting they might not be as cancer-specific as expected.
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| 44. |
- Kaderi, Mohd Arifin, et al.
(author)
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Lack of association between the MDM2 promoter polymorphism SNP309 and clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2010
-
In: Leukemia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2126 .- 1873-5835. ; 34:3, s. 335-339
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 309T>G polymorphism in the promoter region of the MDM2gene, known as SNP309, has recently been suggested as an unfavorable prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) although this has been questioned. To investigate this further, we analyzed the MDM2 SNP309 genotypes in 418 CLL patients and correlated the results with established CLL prognostic factors, time to treatment and overall survival. In this Swedish cohort, no association existed between any particular MDM2 SNP309 genotype, overall survival and time to treatment. Furthermore, no correlation was shown between the MDM2 SNP309 genotypes and Binet stage, IGHV mutational status and recurrent genomic aberrations. In summary, this study argues against the use of the MDM2 SNP309 as a prognostic marker in CLL.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Larsson, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Fokusprojekt Raps och avbrottsgrödor
- 2020
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Fokusgruppen Raps och avbrottsgrödor inriktades på förväntade utmaningar för växtskyddet mot patogener, skadedjur och ogräs i avbrotts- och mellangrödor. Avbrottsgrödor odlas som omväxlingsgrödor till huvudgrödorna i en växtföljd, för att bryta uppförökningen av skadeorganismer eller bidra med andra positiva effekter som till exempel jordförbättring och näringsämnen. Fokusgruppen innehöll representanter för myndigheter, näringsliv och forskare. På den första workshopen beslutade gruppen att det fortsatta arbetet skulle fokuseras på på grödor från kål- och ärtväxter. I en fördjupad kunskapssammanställning fokuserade vi specifikt på de största växtskyddsutmaningarna för tre grödor: raps, åkerböna och ärter.De viktigaste slutsatserna fokusgruppen har kommit fram till är:• Ökad odling av många avbrotts- och mellangrödor kan förväntas ge högre risk för uppförökning av skadeorganismer. Förväntad minskad tillgång på verksamma och godkända bekämpningsmedel mot insekter, sjukdomar och ogräs gör det till en stor utmaning att möta dessa förväntade hot.• Resistensutveckling hos skadegörare bör motverkas med väl genomtänkt användning av kemiska bekämpningsmedel, bl a genom bättre tillämpat integrerat växtskydd med fokus på växtföljdsplanering, utarbetande och uppdatering av bekämpningströsklar och andra sammanhållna bekämpningsstrategier.• Det finns stora kunskapsluckor vad gäller den grundläggande biologin hos flera viktiga skadegörare som angriper kål- och ärtväxter. Det gäller till exempel vissa patogener, för vilka faktiska kunskaper om diagnos, verklig förekomst och förorsakade skördeförluster är eftersatta, men även insektsskadegörare som till exempel bönsmygen.• Skadeorganismers spridningsmönster och möjligheter att angripa olika värdar är en grundläggande biologisk egenskap som bör studeras noggrannare för att förstå bekämpningsbehovet och ge möjligheter att minimera spridning och uppförökning. Lantbrukares faktiska möjligheter till fysisk planering för att minska uppförökning kan dock vara begränsade och lösningar bör undersökas och anpassas till rådande förhållanden.• Odlingssystemens utformning för att minska påverkan av ogräs behöver studeras. Kemisk bekämpning kan reduceras eller kompletteras genom integrerat växtskydd med konkurrensstarka grödor, växtföljder och jordbearbetning som långsiktigt minskar biomassan och frösättningen hos ogräs.• Betydelsen av och möjligheten att aktivt gynna biologisk mångfald bör studeras mer. Till exempel, bör effekter av naturliga fiender studeras ytterligare, då predation har betydelse för skadedjur såväl som ogräsfröer. En ökad biologisk mångfald påverkar också pollinering av viktiga grödor. Det gäller både studier av faktiska näringsvävar och landskapsutformningens och odlingssystemens betydelse för att gynna naturliga fiender.• Resistensförädling har stor potential inom hållbart växtskydd framför allt mot olika patogener men även mot insekter. Resistensegenskaper hos olika grödor behöver kartläggas. Resistensförädling är tids- och resurskrävande, vilket gör att koordinering och samordningsmöjligheter är nödvändiga.
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| 48. |
- Lindahl, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Automated interpretation of myocardial SPECT perfusion images using artificial neural networks
- 1997
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In: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 38:12, s. 1870-1875
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-based method for automatic detection and localization of coronary artery disease (CAD) in myocardial bull's-eye scintigrams. Methods: A population of 135 patients who had undergone both myocardial 99mTc-sestamibi rest-stress scintigraphy and coronary angiography within 3 mo was studied. Different image data reduction methods, including pixel averaging and two-dimensional Fourier transform, were applied to the bull's-eye scintigrams. After a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of these methods, 30 Fourier components were chosen as inputs to multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks. The networks were trained to detect CAD in two vascular territories, using coronary angiography as gold standard. A 'leave one out' procedure was used for training and evaluation. The performance of the networks was compared to those of two human experts. Results: One of the human experts detected CAD in one of two vascular territories, with a sensitivity of 54.4% at a specificity of 70.5%. The sensitivity of the networks was significantly higher at that level of specificity (77.2%, p = 0.0022). The other expert had a sensitivity of 63.2% at a specificity of 61.5%. The networks had a sensitivity of 77.2% (p = 0.038) at this specificity level as well. The differences in sensitivity between human experts and networks for the other vascular territory were all less than 6% and were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Artificial neural networks can detect CAD in myocardial bull's-eye scintigrams with such a high accuracy that the application of neural networks as clinical decision support tools appears to have significant potential.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lindahl, Mats, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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How do 15-16 year old students use scientific knowledge to justify their reasoning about human sexuality and relationships?
- 2016
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In: Teaching and Teacher Education. - : Elsevier BV. - 0742-051X .- 1879-2480. ; 60:November, s. 121-130
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to advance our understanding about the roles studentsassign to expert knowledge, the present study addresses how secondaryschool students use their knowledge of scientific disciplines in theirreasoning of socioscientific issues (SSI). Through group discussions, theresults show that students use science either as a sole justification orintegrated with other kinds of knowledge. Using expert knowledge to liftproblems out of the limited local contexts and find solutions, thestudents access the freedom to make personal choices. Thus, it wasconcluded that scientific knowledge provides possibilities for decisionsthat can support students' agency.
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