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| 3. |
- Fahrenholtz, Ida L, et al.
(author)
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Effects of a 16-Week Digital Intervention on Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Behavior in Female Endurance Athletes with Risk of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs)
- 2023
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In: Nutrients. - Basel : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 15:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Female endurance athletes are considered a high-risk group for developing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). Due to the lack of educational and behavioral intervention studies, targeting and evaluating the effects of the practical daily management of REDs, we developed the Food and nUtrition for Endurance athletes—a Learning (FUEL) program, consisting of 16 weekly online lectures and individual athlete-centered nutrition counseling every other week. We recruited female endurance athletes from Norway (n = 60), Sweden (n = 84), Ireland (n = 17), and Germany (n = 47). Fifty athletes with symptoms of REDs and with low risk of eating disorders, with no use of hormonal contraceptives and no chronic diseases, were allocated to either the FUEL intervention (n = 32) (FUEL) or a 16-week control period (n = 18) (CON). All but one completed FUEL, while 15 completed CON. We found strong evidence for improvements in sports nutrition knowledge, assessed via interviews, and moderate to strong evidence in the ratings concerning self-perceived sports nutrition knowledge in FUEL versus CON. Analyses of the seven-day prospective weighed food record and questions related to sports nutrition habits, suggested weak evidence for improvements in FUEL versus CON. The FUEL intervention improved sports nutrition knowledge and suggested weak evidence for improved sports nutrition behavior in female endurance athletes with symptoms of REDs.
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| 4. |
- Jin, Taiyi, et al.
(author)
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Environmental epidemiological study and estimation of benchmark dose for renal dysfunction in a cadmium-polluted area in China.
- 2004
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In: Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0966-0844 .- 1572-8773. ; 17:5, s. 525-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have performed a study aimed at investigating the critical concentration of urinary cadmium (UCd) required for the development of renal dysfunction. We studied population groups (totally 790 persons) living in two cadmium exposed areas and one control area in China. UCd, was determined as an indicator of cadmium exposure and accumulation, while the concentrations of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), its iso-form B (NAG-B), beta2-microglobulin (B2M), retinol binding protein (RBP), and albumin (ALB) in urine were measured as indicators of the renal effects caused by cadmium. There was a significantly increased prevalence of hyperNAGuria, hyperNAG-Buria, hyperB2Muria, hyperRBPuria and hyperALBuria with increasing levels of Cd excretion in urine. We used the benchmark dose (BMD) procedure to estimate the critical concentration of urinary cadmium in this general population. The lower confidence limit of the BMD (LBMD-05) of urinary cadmium for a 5% level of risk above the background level was estimated for each of the renal effect indicators. The BMD-05/LBMD-05 were estimated to be 4.46/3.99, 6.70/5.87, 8.36/7.31, 7.98/6.98 and 15.06/12.18 microg/g creatinine for urinary NAG-B, NAG, B2M, RBP and ALB, respectively. Our findings suggest, based on the present study, that the Lower Confidence Limit of the Population Critical Concentration of UCd (LPCCUCd-05) of tubular dysfunction for 5% excess risk level above the background may be ca. 3-4 microg/g creatinine, and that cadmium concentration in urine should be kept below this level to prevent renal tubular damage. This report is the first to use the BMD method in this field and to define the concept of critical concentration in urine.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Eva M., 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Unika individer och kollektivt samspel
- 2018
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In: Samhälle, genus och pedagogik. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789188847171 - 9789188847164 ; , s. 141-159
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I detta kapitel diskuterar vi kunskaper och kunskapande i förhållande till individ och grupp. Vilka föreskrifter finns i styrdokumenten? Vi dröjer oss också kvar vid hur läraren, i sin undervisning, kan främja elevernas kunskapande? Hur möter läraren de enskilda eleverna och hur kan läraren utnyttja gruppdynamiken? Och, inte minst viktigt, hur kan läraren skapa trygga grupper där varje elev får lära och utvecklas harmoniskt och där ingen blir utanför och tappar landfästet? Slutligen knyter vi ihop detta genom att belysa undervisningen i lärarutbildningen – hur kan studenterna hitta sina segelleder och ankarplatser i fritidshemmet, skolan och förskolan?
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| 6. |
- Kumlien, Christine, et al.
(author)
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Validity and test retest reliability of the vascular quality of life Questionnaire-6: a short form of a disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument for patients with peripheral arterial disease
- 2017
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In: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Many existing patient-reported outcome measures are extensive regarding both patient burden and administration, and in terms of analysing and reporting results. The VascuQoL-6 (VQ6) - a short version of the original Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire (VascuQoL), a disease-specific instrument for peripheral arterial disease - was recently developed. However, the VQ6 has not yet been empirical tested with regard to content validity, construct validity and test retest reliability. Our aim was, therefore, to explore both the validity and the reliability of the VQ-6 in a target population with established peripheral arterial disease. Methods: Two hundred patients treated at two vascular centres were consecutively recruited for the survey. Administered questionnaires included VQ6 and the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36). Out of the 200 patients, 150 also received a second VQ6 questionnaire for a test-retest assessment. Further, a purposive sample of 22 patients consented to participate in cognitive interviews. All included patients suffer from peripheral arterial disease. The questionnaire data was tested by both Rasch analysis and traditional psychometric methods, while the cognitive interviews were analysed descriptively. Results: The validity and reliability of the VQ6, as tested in a target population without the surrounding 19 items from the original VascuQoL, was high, in general, and a good fit to the Rasch model was observed. Further, an excellent internal consistency and significant correlations between comparable dimensions in SF-36 were demonstrated. In the test-retest analysis, the percentage agreement was somewhat poor (<70%) in the six items. However, no systematic disagreements between the two assessments were seen in any of the six items, and the test-retest assessment for the VQ6 sum score showed an acceptable intraclass correlation coefficient (0.86). Finally, all items in the VQ6 were considered as both understandable and relevant by the interviewed patients. Conclusions: The VQ6 has acceptable to good psychometric properties with regard to data quality, scale assumptions, targeting, validity and reliability. Further, VQ6 seems to be easy to use and comprehend within the target population of patients with PAD.
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| 9. |
- Lundström, Marita, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Energibesparing i ord och handling : Installation av energisparsystem och undervisning om elenergi i relation till hållbar utveckling : förskoleanställdas erfarenheter och förskolebarns förståelse
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Centrum för hållbar utveckling (CHU) på Högskolan Väst har tillsammans med teknikföretaget Raybased finansierat och genomfört detta forskningsprojekt om energibesparing. Syftet med riktade samverkansprojekt är att främja forskning och/eller utveckling i nära samarbete mellanforskare och externa aktörer. I ett samverkansprojekt är det forskaren och den externa verksamheten/aktören som tillsammans formulerar de frågeställningar som ska studeras, och undersökningens upplägg och metod arbetas fram i dialog mellan forskaren och samverkansparten. Avsikten med samverkansprojekt inom CHU på Högskolan Väst är att de ska främja kunskapsutveckling kring hållbarhetsfrågor. Det här forskningsprojektet syftar till att få fördjupad kunskap om brukarnas upplevelser av såväl implementering som användande av ett nytt energisparsystem på en förskola i Trollhättan. Systemet installerades av Raybased och omfattar belysning, värme och ventilation på förskolans samtliga tre avdelningar. I samband med installationen byttes armaturerna ut, och dimrar och rörelsevakter för belysningen installerades i vissa utrymmen. På varje avdelning finns numera också en display(läsplatta) med hjälp av vilken personalen kan reglera belysning, värme och ventilation samt avläsa statistik över energiförbrukningen på de olika avdelningarna. Studien undersöker även om energisparsystemet kan knytas till den pedagogiska verksamhetens innehåll. Det görs i form av en lärstudie (delstudie 2) med fokus på hållbar utveckling där vi prövar om förskolebarn kan utveckla en förståelse för hur vatten kan omvandlas till elenergi.
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| 10. |
- Lundström, Marita, 1955-
(author)
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Förskolebarns strävanden att kommunicera matematik
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore and describe preschool children’s use of mathematics in their communication with others. This study is limited to examining situations in which children communicate with other children and adults. Moreover, the aim is to deepen the understanding of how preschool children use mathematics to convey mathematical meanings with other children and adults in preschool. The research questions is: How do children communicate mathematics? In what kind of situations does mathematics occur in their communication? What mathematical content is communicated? The theoretical framework is selected from a sociocultural perspective, which is a collective term for theories which assume that language's original function is communicative and that it is a means of social interaction. From a socio-cultural perspective, language, culture and children's actions are seen as essential elements of childhood development and learning. Prerequisites for this development include children’s participation in creating an interaction with their environment. In order to study preschool children's mathematical communication, this study is based in ethnographic methodological traditions. The results show that preschool children communicate mathematics through: linguistic expressions, semiotics, linguistic tools and bodily expressions. Children communicate mathematically in situations when: they are making comparisons, when they are comparing changes, and when they are trying to give descriptions about the world which surrounds them. It also shows that preschool routines, material support and activities stimulate mathematical communication. When teachers are supportive and engaged in children’s communication their mathematical knowledge can also be developed and deepened
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| 12. |
- Lundström, Sofie, et al.
(author)
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Young people’s experience of promoting aspects for mental well-being
- 2023
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Increasing mental health problems among young people are frequently reported. There is also a growing discussion about whether this increase reflects actual mental health problems, or if young people have more limited abilities to deal with normal challenges in life. From a social justice perspective, young people’s own thoughts and experiences need to be considered when mental health promotion among young people is addressed. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe young people’s experiences of promoting aspects for mental well-being.Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with 33 youths aged 16 to 25 years. The interviews were based on the mental well-being items used in the national public health survey ‘Health at equal terms’, annually conducted by The Public Health Agency of Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to capture the youth´s experiences.Findings: Preliminary findings describe promoting aspects for mental well-being as; feeling involved in social contexts, having support from loved ones, receiving help from others, feeling significant as a person, being listened to, having an inner strength, feeling that one’s life is meaningful, and reasonable expectations from oneself and those around.Conclusion: Findings show that both internal and external aspects are important for promoting mental well-being among young people. Some aspects are beyond their control, which indicates that society needs to create prerequisites for young people to develop mental well-being.
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| 14. |
- Nielsen, Cecilia, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Hur balanserar lärare mellan ansvaret för hela gruppen och för varje enskilt barn? : arbetsrapport från en pilotstudie, maj 2007 – oktober 2008
- 2009
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Rapporten innehåller två delar. Den första utgörs av rapporteringen av det arbete som utförts inom projektet under de första 18 månaderna, den andra av det konferenspaper till NFPFs/NERA’s1 kongress i Köpenhamn i mars 2008, där projektet först presenterades för en vidare krets. Den forskningsfråga som undersöks är: Hur balanserar lärare i verksamheten mellan ansvaret för hela gruppen och för varje enskilt barn? Dataproduktionen har skett med hjälp av studenter, som i sin verksamhetsförlagda utbildning (VFU) har gjort observationer och intervjuer med sina lärarutbildare i verksamheten (LUV). De texter som blivit resultatet av dessa observationer och intervjuer har sedan analyserats, dels av studenterna själva i seminarier, dels av projektgruppen. I det senare fallet har analysen inriktat sig mot vad studenterna har valt att observera och vad de har kunnat se, både med tanke på vilka instruktioner de fått och med utgångspunkt i vilka förutsättningar utbildningen gett dem att se vad som händer i verksamheten. Projektet står alltså på tre ben:1. En vetenskaplig undersökning av en allmändidaktisk forskningsfråga.2. Studentmedverkan i såväl dataproduktion som analys, vilket ingår i studenternas vetenskapliga skolning.3. En utvärdering av undervisningen och kurslitteraturen vid lärarprogrammet med avseende på vilka förhållanden studenterna givits förutsättningar att upptäcka i verksamheten.Pilotstudien har tydligt bekräftat hur komplex forskningsfrågan är och hur komplicerad situationen på verksamhetsgolvet är. De resultat studien gett antyder också att undervisningen vid högskolan i hög grad styr vad studenterna kan se i verksamheten, och att deras texter ofta är normativa. Projektet har visat sig synnerligen generativt. Intressanta och viktiga frågor för fortsatt forskning inom projektet har utkristalliserats, liksom avgörande problemområden som lärarutbildningen behöver ge sig i kast med.
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| 16. |
- Nordanstig, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire-6 facilitates health-related quality of life assessment in peripheral arterial disease
- 2014
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In: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 59:3, s. 700-U492
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Most commonly used outcome measures in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) provide scarce information about achieved patient benefit. Therefore, patient-reported outcome measures have become increasingly important as complementary outcome measures. The abundance of items in most health-related quality of life instruments makes everyday clinical use difficult. This study aimed to develop a short version of the 25-item Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire (VascuQoL-25), a PAD-specific health-related quality of life instrument. Methods: The study recruited 129 individuals with intermittent claudication and 71 with critical limb ischemia from two university hospitals. Participants were a mean age of 70 +/- 9 years, and 57% were men. All patients completed the original VascuQoL when evaluated for treatment, and 127 also completed the questionnaire 6 months after a vascular procedure. The VascuQoL-25 was reduced based on cognitive interviews and psychometric testing. The short instrument, the VascuQoL-6, was tested using item-response theory, exploring structure, precision, item fit, and targeting. A subgroup of 21 individuals with intermittent claudication was also tested correlating the results of VascuQoL-6 to the actual walking capacity, as measured using global positioning system technology. Results: On the basis of structured psychometric testing, the six most informative items were selected (VascuQoL-6) and tested vs the original VascuQoL-25. The correlation between VascuQoL-25 and VascuQoL-6 was r = 0.88 before intervention, r = 0.96 after intervention, and the difference was r = 0.91 (P < .001). The Cronbach alpha for the VascuQoL-6 was .85 before and .94 after intervention. Cognitive interviews indicated that the responders considered all six items to be relevant and comprehensible. Rasch analysis was used to reduce response options from seven (VascuQoL-25) to four (VascuQoL-6). VascuQol-6 was shown to have high precision and discriminative properties. Item fit was excellent, with both "infit" and "outfit" between 0.7 and 1.3 for all six items. The standardized response mean after intervention was 1.15, indicating good responsiveness to clinical change. VascuQoL-6 results correlated strongly (r = 0.72; P < .001) with the actual measured walking ability (n = 21). Conclusions: VascuQoL-6 is a valid and responsive instrument for the assessment of health-related quality of life in PAD. The main advantage is the compact format that offers a possibility for routine use in busy clinical settings.
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| 18. |
- Rydhmer, Lotta, et al.
(author)
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Welfare of entire male pigs is improved by socialising piglets and keeping intact groups until slaughter
- 2013
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In: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 7, s. 1532-1541
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In today's production systems, pigs raised for slaughter are mixed many times, resulting in stress and fighting. The negative consequences of mixing are probably more severe with entire males than with castrates, as they fight more. In this project, we studied a system without castration where entire male pigs met unfamiliar pigs only once. Piglets from two litters were allowed to visit each other from circa 2 weeks of age through an opening between the farrowing pens. Entire males from these litters were kept in intact groups from weaning and onwards, and they were slaughtered pen-wise in intact groups. Control pigs were raised and weaned in their litters and mixed with unknown pigs when moved to the growing-finishing unit. They were slaughtered by split marketing based on individual weight. In total, 96 entire males from 24 litters were studied. Activity and social interactions of pigs were studied by direct observations on three observation occasions per pen for pigs kept in intact groups and four occasions for control pigs. All pigs were inspected for skin lesions during raising and at slaughter. Results showed that fewer pigs in intact groups were resting (17.1% v. 28.5%; P50.044) and they showed less aggressive behaviour (16.1 v. 27.7 number of interactions per hour; P50.001) than control pigs when moved to the growing-finishing unit. They also got fewer skin lesions compared with control pigs (15 v. 35; P,0.001). Consequently, control pigs tended to grow slower during the 1st week after mixing; however, growth rate during the whole growing-finishing phase did not differ between treatments (P50.205). Control pigs directed more aggressive behaviour towards non-litter mates than towards litter mates during the whole growing-finishing phase, whereas pigs from the other treatment made no difference between litter mates and other familiar pigs. At 67 kg, there was more sexual behaviour (mounting) among control pigs (7.6 v. 3.4; P50.033), but after slaughter no differences were found in testis weight or boar taint compounds. At slaughter, more entire males that were slaughtered pen-wise and kept in intact groups were without skin lesions compared with the mixed control pigs (74% v. 13%; P,0.001). This study shows that the welfare of entire male pigs can be improved by socialising piglets and by keeping them in intact groups during raising and at slaughter.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Stenvall, Michael, et al.
(author)
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A multidisciplinary intervention program improved the outcome after hip fracture for people with dementia : subgroup analyses of a randomized controlled trial
- 2012
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In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 54:3, s. E284-E289
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: People with cognitive impairment and dementia have a poor outcome after a hip fracture surgery, about 30-50% of all those who sustain a hip fracture have dementia. Therefore the aim was to investigate whether a multidisciplinary postoperative intervention program could reduce postoperative complications and improve functional recovery among people with dementia.Methods: A randomized controlled trial with subgroup analyses among patients with dementia. Sixty-four patients with femoral neck fracture, aged ≥70 years at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden. The intervention consisted of staff education, individualized care planning and rehabilitation, active prevention, detection and treatment of postoperative complications, especially delirium. The staff worked in teams to apply comprehensive geriatric assessment, management and rehabilitation, including a follow-up at 4 months postoperatively. The control group followed conventional postoperative routines.Results: There were fewer postoperative complications in the intervention group such as urinary tract infections, p=0.001; nutritional problems, p=0.025; postoperative delirium, p=0.002; falls, p=0.006. At 4 months a larger proportion in the intervention group had regained their previous independent indoor walking ability performance, p=0.005. At 12 months a larger proportion in the intervention group had regained the activities of daily living (ADL) performance level they had before the fracture, p=0.027.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that patients with dementia who suffer a hip fracture can benefit from multidisciplinary geriatric assessment and rehabilitation and should not be excluded from rehabilitation programs.
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