| 1. |
- Andersson, Rickard, et al.
(author)
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Digital Corporate Communication and Internal Communication
- 2023
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In: Handbook of Digital Corporate Communication. - 978 1 80220 196 3 - 978 1 80220 195 6 ; , s. 18-33
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Internal communication is becoming increasingly digital. This chapter deals with how digital internal communication can be understood and discusses the implications of the digitalization of internal communication for organizations and organizing. It reviews previous definitions of internal communication and digitalization and proposes a definition of digital internal communication. It reviews previous studies on various aspects of digital internal communication and discusses what is changing and what remains the same as internal communication turns increasingly digital. The chapter critically examines problematic issues of the ongoing digitalization of internal communication and discusses the Swedish Transport Administration as an illustrative example of digital internal communication. It concludes with suggestions for future research directions.
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| 2. |
- Buchholz, Angela, et al.
(author)
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Insights into the O : C-dependent mechanisms controlling the evaporation of alpha-pinene secondary organic aerosol particles
- 2019
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:6, s. 4061-4073
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The volatility of oxidation products of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere is a key factor to determine if they partition into the particle phase contributing to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. Thus, linking volatility and measured particle composition will provide insights into SOA formation and its fate in the atmosphere. We produced alpha-pinene SOA with three different oxidation levels (characterized by average oxygen-to-carbon ratio; (O:C) over bar = 0.53, 0.69, and 0.96) in an oxidation flow reactor. We investigated the particle volatility by isothermal evaporation in clean air as a function of relative humidity (RH < 2 %, 40 %, and 80 %) and used a filter-based thermal desorption method to gain volatility and chemical composition information. We observed reduced particle evaporation for particles with increasing <(O:C )over bar> ratio, indicating that particles become more resilient to evaporation with oxidative aging. Particle evaporation was increased in the presence of water vapour and presumably particulate water; at the same time the resistance of the residual particles to thermal desorption was increased as well. For SOA with (O:C ) over bar = 0.96, the unexpectedly large increase in mean thermal desorption temperature and changes in the thermogram shapes under wet conditions (80 % RH) were an indication of aqueous phase chemistry. For the lower (O:C ) over bar cases, some water-induced composition changes were observed. However, the enhanced evaporation under wet conditions could be explained by the reduction in particle viscosity from the semi-solid to liquid-like range, and the observed higher desorption temperature of the residual particles is a direct consequence of the increased removal of high-volatility and the continued presence of low-volatility compounds.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Collaud Coen, Martine, et al.
(author)
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Multidecadal trend analysis of in situ aerosol radiative properties around the world
- 2020
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 20:14, s. 8867-8908
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to assess the evolution of aerosol parameters affecting climate change, a long-term trend analysis of aerosol optical properties was performed on time series from 52 stations situated across five continents. The time series of measured scattering, backscattering and absorption coefficients as well as the derived single scattering albedo, backscattering fraction, scattering and absorption Angstrom exponents covered at least 10 years and up to 40 years for some stations. The non-parametric seasonal Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test associated with several pre-whitening methods and with Sen's slope was used as the main trend analysis method. Comparisons with general least mean square associated with autoregressive bootstrap (GLS/ARB) and with standard least mean square analysis (LMS) enabled confirmation of the detected MK statistically significant trends and the assessment of advantages and limitations of each method. Currently, scattering and backscattering coefficient trends are mostly decreasing in Europe and North America and are not statistically significant in Asia, while polar stations exhibit a mix of increasing and decreasing trends. A few increasing trends are also found at some stations in North America and Australia. Absorption coefficient time series also exhibit primarily decreasing trends. For single scattering albedo, 52 % of the sites exhibit statistically significant positive trends, mostly in Asia, eastern/northern Europe and the Arctic, 22 % of sites exhibit statistically significant negative trends, mostly in central Europe and central North America, while the remaining 26 % of sites have trends which are not statistically significant. In addition to evaluating trends for the overall time series, the evolution of the trends in sequential 10-year segments was also analyzed. For scattering and backscattering, statistically significant increasing 10-year trends are primarily found for earlier periods (10-year trends ending in 2010-2015) for polar stations and Mauna Loa. For most of the stations, the present-day statistically significant decreasing 10-year trends of the single scattering albedo were preceded by not statistically significant and statistically significant increasing 10-year trends. The effect of air pollution abatement policies in continental North America is very obvious in the 10-year trends of the scattering coefficient - there is a shift to statistically significant negative trends in 2009-2012 for all stations in the eastern and central USA. This long-term trend analysis of aerosol radiative properties with a broad spatial coverage provides insight into potential aerosol effects on climate changes.
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| 5. |
- Frösén, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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What Counts Versus What Can Be Counted : The Complex Interplay of Market Orientation and Marketing Performance Measurement
- 2016
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In: Journal of marketing. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-2429 .- 1547-7185. ; 80:3, s. 60-78
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Market orientation (MO) and marketing performance measurement (MPM) are two of the most widespread strategic marketing concepts among practitioners. However, some have questioned the benefits of extensive investments in MO and MPM. More importantly, little is known about which combinations of MO and MPM are optimal in ensuring high business performance. To address this research gap, the authors analyze a unique data set of 628 firms with a novel method of configurational analysis: fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. In line with prior research, the authors find that MO is an important determinant of business performance. However, to reap its benefits, managers need to complement it with appropriate MPM, the level and focus of which vary across firms. For example, whereas large firms and market leaders generally benefit from comprehensive MPM, small firms may benefit from measuring marketing performance only selectively or by focusing on particular dimensions of marketing performance. The study also finds that many of the highest-performing firms do not follow any of the particular best practices identified.
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| 6. |
- Graham, Jesse R., et al.
(author)
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The pipeline project: Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline
- 2016
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In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1096-0465 .- 0022-1031. ; 66, s. 55-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This crowdsourced project introduces a collaborative approach to improving the reproducibility of scientific research, in which findings are replicated in qualified independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. Our goal is to establish a non-adversarial replication process with highly informative final results. To illustrate the Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) approach, 25 research groups conducted replications of all ten moral judgment effects which the last author and his collaborators had “in the pipeline” as of August 2014. Six findings replicated according to all replication criteria, one finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one finding replicated consistently in the original culture but not outside of it, and two findings failed to find support. In total, 40% of the original findings failed at least one major replication criterion. Potential ways to implement and incentivize pre-publication independent replication on a large scale are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Hakamies-Blomqvist, Liisa, et al.
(author)
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Quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving either docetaxel or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil : A multicentre randomised phase III trial by the Scandinavian breast group
- 2000
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In: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 36:11, s. 1411-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two alternative chemotherapy regimes on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced breast cancer. In a multicentre trial, 283 patients were randomised to receive either docetaxel (T) or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF). QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Initial compliance in the QoL study was 96% and the overall compliance 82%. QoL data were available for 245 patients (T 130 and 115 MF). Both treatment groups showed some improvement in emotional functioning during treatment, with a significant difference favouring the MF group at treatment cycles 5 and 6. In the T group, the scores on the other functional scales remained stable throughout the first six cycles. There were significant differences favouring the MF group on the social functioning scale at treatment cycle 6 and on the Global QoL scale at treatment cycles 5 and 6. On most symptom and single-item scales there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. However, at baseline, the T patients reported more appetite loss, at treatment cycles 2-4, the MF patients reported more nausea/vomiting, and at treatment cycle 6, the T patients reported more symptoms of fatigue, dyspnoea and insomnia. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the mean change scores of the functional and symptom scales. Interindividual variance was, however, larger in the T group. Differences in QoL between the two treatment groups were minor. Hence, given the expectancy of comparable QoL outcomes, the choice of treatment should be made on the basis of the expected clinical effect.
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| 8. |
- Hakamies-Blomqvist, Liisa, et al.
(author)
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Timing of quality of life (QoL) assessments as a source of error in oncological trials
- 2001
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 35:5, s. 709-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM OF THE STUDY: To produce an empirical estimate of the nature and magnitude of the error produced by incorrect timing quality of life (QoL) measurements in patients receiving chemotherapy. DESIGN: In a multicentre trial, 283 patients were randomized to receive either docetaxel (T) or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF). The QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). The study design was retrospective. Data were analysed using t-tests. RESULTS: Erroneous timing affected the QoL findings in both treatment arms. At baseline, there were statistically significant differences in the MF group on the nausea/vomiting scale, with ill-timed assessment showing more symptoms, and in the T group on the physical functioning scale with ill-timed assessments indicating better QoL. The mean scores of correct vs. incorrect timings over the first 14 cycles showed statistically significant differences on several scales. In the MF group, ill-timed assessments indicated significantly worse physical functioning and global QoL, and significantly more of the following symptoms: fatigue, nausea/vomiting, insomnia, appetite loss, and constipation. In the T group, ill-timed assessment showed better physical functioning, less dyspnoea and more insomnia than correctly timed assessments. The reasons for erroneous timing were not always detectable retrospectively. However, in some cases the MF group, being in standard treatment, seemed to have followed a clinical routine not involving the active participation of the study nurse responsible, whereas patients in the experimental T group were more consistently taken care of by the study nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Incorrect timing of QoL assessments in oncological trials jeopardises both the reliability of the QoL findings within treatment and the validity of QoL outcome comparisons between treatments. This issue should be emphasized in the planning of both the study design and clinical routines.
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| 9. |
- Huhta, Ari, et al.
(author)
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DIALANG, A Diagnostic Language Assessment System for Adult Learners
- 2002
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In: Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Case Studies. - 9287149836 ; , s. 130-144
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages has been widely adopted in setting curriculum standards, designing courses, developing materials and in assessment and certification. This compendium of case studies is written by authors who have considerable experience of using the Framework in their professional context, and they exemplify their varied experience in some detail. This collection will help readers to develop their understanding of the Framework and its possible uses in diffrent sectors of education.
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| 10. |
- Isokääntä, Sini, et al.
(author)
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The effect of clouds and precipitation on the aerosol concentrations and composition in a boreal forest environment
- 2022
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 22:17, s. 11823-11843
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atmospheric aerosol particle concentrations are strongly affected by various wet processes, including below and in-cloud wet scavenging and in-cloud aqueous-phase oxidation. We studied how wet scavenging and cloud processes affect particle concentrations and composition during transport to a rural boreal forest site in northern Europe. For this investigation, we employed air mass history analysis and observational data. Long-term particle number size distribution (∼15 years) and composition measurements (∼8 years) were combined with air mass trajectories with relevant variables from reanalysis data. Some such variables were rainfall rate, relative humidity, and mixing layer height. Additional observational datasets, such as temperature and trace gases, helped further evaluate wet processes along trajectories with mixed effects models.All chemical species investigated (sulfate, black carbon, and organics) exponentially decreased in particle mass concentration as a function of accumulated precipitation along the air mass route. In sulfate (SO4) aerosols, clear seasonal differences in wet removal emerged, whereas organics (Org) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) exhibited only minor differences. The removal efficiency varied slightly among the different reanalysis datasets (ERA-Interim and Global Data Assimilation System; GDAS) used for the trajectory calculations due to the difference in the average occurrence of precipitation events along the air mass trajectories between the reanalysis datasets.Aqueous-phase processes were investigated by using a proxy for air masses travelling inside clouds. We compared air masses with no experience of approximated in-cloud conditions or precipitation during the past 24 h to air masses recently inside non-precipitating clouds before they entered SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations). Significant increases in SO4 mass concentration were observed for the latter air masses (recently experienced non-precipitating clouds).Our mixed effects model considered other contributing factors affecting particle mass concentrations in SMEAR II: examples were trace gases, local meteorology, and diurnal variation. This model also indicated in-cloud SO4 production. Despite the reanalysis dataset used in the trajectory calculations, aqueous-phase SO4 formation was observed. Particle number size distribution measurements revealed that most of the in-cloud SO4 formed can be attributed to particle sizes larger than 200 nm (electrical mobility diameter). Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation was non-significant.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Jungell-Nortamo, A, et al.
(author)
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Nucleic acid sandwich hybridization : enhanced reaction rate with magnetic microparticles as carriers
- 1988
-
In: Molecular and Cellular Probes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8508 .- 1096-1194. ; 2:4, s. 281-288
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method for the detection of nucleic acid hybrids using the sandwich hybridization technique with magnetic polystyrene microparticles as the solid support is described. The capture DNA is coupled to the polystyrene-hydroxy surface of the particles through p-toluenesulfonyl chloride activation. The use of microparticles results in a substantial increase in the reaction rate compared to filter hybridization, without decreasing the sensitivity of detection. Polyethylene glycol additionally enhances the reaction rate. The use of magnetic microparticles allows rapid and convenient collection of the formed hybrids.
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| 13. |
- Kallberg, Veli-Pekka, et al.
(author)
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Speed kills - or does it and why?
- 1996
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In: Proceedings of Road safety in Europe. Conference in Birmingham, United Kingdom, September 9-11, 1996. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 127-149
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
- Karppinen, Jaro, et al.
(author)
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Modic changes and interleukin 1 gene locus polymorphisms in occupational cohort of middle-aged men
- 2009
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In: European spine journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 18:12, s. 1963-1970
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- According to recent systematic reviews, Modic changes are associated with low-back pain. However, their pathophysiology remains largely unknown. A previous study of Northern Finnish males implicated that IL1A and MMP3 polymorphisms play a role in type II Modic changes. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association of IL1 cluster polymorphisms with Modic changes amongst middle-aged men in Southern Finland. The final study sample consisted of 108 men from three different occupations, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 0.1 T-scanner. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL1 gene cluster (IL1A c.1-889C>T; IL1B c.3954C>T; IL1RN c.1812G>A; IL1RN c.1887G>C; IL1RN c.11100T>C; IL1RN c.1506G>A) were genotyped with the SNP-TRAP method or by allele-specific primer extension on modified microarray. In all, 45 subjects had Modic changes at one or more disc levels. The presence of the minor allele of IL1A (c.1-889C>T) was associated with these changes (any Modic change p = 0.031, type II changes p = 0.036). The carriers of the T-allele had a 2.5-fold risk of Modic change and the association was independent of the other IL1 gene cluster loci studied. In addition, a minor haplotype, with a frequency of 7.5% in the study population, including the minor alleles of IL1A c.1-889C>T, IL1RN c.1812G>A, and IL1RN c.1506G>A, was significantly associated with Modic changes. This observation is in accordance with the previous finding from a different geographical area, and thus confirms the importance of the IL1A gene in the pathophysiology of Modic changes.
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| 15. |
- Kyrö, Riikka, et al.
(author)
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Connecting adaptability strategies to building system lifecycles in hospital retrofits
- 2019
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In: Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. - 0969-9988.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThe fast advancement of medical technology and processes poses challenges to hospital construction and management. The purpose of this paper is to provide a structured approach to advancing adaptability in hospital retrofits, proposing the preferable timing and scope of different adaptability strategies.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach was chosen, with 28 semi-structured interviews designers, project managers, clients and healthcare professionals as the primary research data.FindingsThis paper presents a model for planning for the future in hospital retrofits. The model includes 11 different adaptability strategies, categorized based on the level of adaptability. Furthermore, each strategy is linked to an open building system level, indicating the appropriate timing. Based on the findings, generality strategies in the tertiary building system level are the most effective forms of adaptability, as they are easy to implement and answer to non-specific changes in hospital operations.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to existing knowledge on adaptability in buildings, and provide practical guidance particularly for designers. A new type of service offering, an adaptability roadmap detailing the scope and timing of adaptability, is suggested.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the existing research by detailing different approaches and knowledge related to adaptability and its strategies in hospital retrofits. More specifically, the three-fold categorization of adaptability is linked to both timing and intrusiveness in a novel way.
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| 16. |
- Laj, Paolo, et al.
(author)
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A global analysis of climate-relevant aerosol properties retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories
- 2020
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In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 13:8, s. 4353-4392
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aerosol particles are essential constituents of the Earth's atmosphere, impacting the earth radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast to most greenhouse gases, aerosol particles have short atmospheric residence times, resulting in a highly heterogeneous distribution in space and time. There is a clear need to document this variability at regional scale through observations involving, in particular, the in situ near-surface segment of the atmospheric observation system. This paper will provide the widest effort so far to document variability of climate-relevant in situ aerosol properties (namely wavelength dependent particle light scattering and absorption coefficients, particle number concentration and particle number size distribution) from all sites connected to the Global Atmosphere Watch network. High-quality data from almost 90 stations worldwide have been collected and controlled for quality and are reported for a reference year in 2017, providing a very extended and robust view of the variability of these variables worldwide. The range of variability observed worldwide for light scattering and absorption coefficients, single-scattering albedo, and particle number concentration are presented together with preliminary information on their long-term trends and comparison with model simulation for the different stations. The scope of the present paper is also to provide the necessary suite of information, including data provision procedures, quality control and analysis, data policy, and usage of the ground-based aerosol measurement network. It delivers to users of the World Data Centre on Aerosol, the required confidence in data products in the form of a fully characterized value chain, including uncertainty estimation and requirements for contributing to the global climate monitoring system.
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| 17. |
- Linde, J, et al.
(author)
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Acceptance and Compassion-Based Therapy Targeting Shame in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Study
- 2023
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-4167 .- 0145-4455. ; 47:3, s. 693-718
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shame is considered central in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and empirical accounts highlight the link between shame and BDD symptoms as well as common negative psychosocial effects of the disorder, yet there is a lack of interventions addressing shame in this context. In the past decade, Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and interventions that foster self-compassion have shown promise for reducing the negative effects of shame in a range of clinical problems. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an acceptance and compassion-based treatment specifically targeting shame in BDD. Using a randomized nonconcurrent multiple baseline design, the 12-session intervention, ACT with Compassion (ACTwC), was examined in a psychiatric outpatient sample of five adults diagnosed with BDD. The daily ratings showed marked reductions in BDD-behaviors and self-criticism at posttreatment for four of five participants, while three participants demonstrated decreases in body shame compared to baseline. Improvements were maintained at 6-months follow-up. The intervention also led to reliable long-term improvements in general shame, overall BDD-symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life for four of five participants. All treatment responders showed significant gains in psychological flexibility and self-compassion. Participants reported high credibility and satisfaction with the treatment. These preliminary results suggest that ACTwC may be a promising approach to treating shame in BDD, worthy of further investigation.
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| 18. |
- Liuba, Petru, et al.
(author)
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Acute infections in children are accompanied by oxidative modification of LDL and decrease of HDL cholesterol, and are followed by thickening of carotid intima-media.
- 2003
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In: European Heart Journal. - 1522-9645. ; 24:6, s. 517-523
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Atherosclerosis begins early in life. Infections might contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated whether acute infections in children could alter the carotid wall morphology and the tipid profile. Methods Mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by high-resolution ultrasound in 28 hospitatised children (mean age: 5 2 years), who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of acute infections (body temperature, >38 degreesC; C-reactive protein, >15 mg/ml, and clinical), and in 20 age- and gender-matched controls. Antibodies against oxidised tow-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL antibodies), as well as total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analysed in all children. The infection group was investigated both during the acute illness and 3 months after clinical recovery (post-infection). Results During the acute illness, the infection group had elevated anti-oxLDL antibodies and decreased HDL-C, as compared to those obtained at 3 months and in controls (p<0.05). These changes in the infection group were followed, at 3 months, by thickening of carotid intima-media. Those who received antibiotics during their acute illness had less carotid thickening than those who were not treated with antibiotics (p<0.05). Conclusion Acute infections in children seem to be accompanied by enhanced oxidative modification of LDL and by decrease in HDL-C. These lipid changes may be followed by thickening of carotid artery intima-media. These findings suggest that, in childhood, acute infections could be-associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, and warrant further studies on this topic. (C) 2003 The European Society of Cardiology.
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| 19. |
- Lundgren, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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The Bull's-Eye Values Survey : A Psychometric Evaluation
- 2012
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In: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1077-7229 .- 1878-187X. ; 19:4, s. 518-526
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Two studies were conducted to develop and evaluate an instrument attempting to identify and measure personal values, values attainment and believability in thoughts functioning as obstacles in living a valued life. Study one describes a content validity approach to the construction and preliminary validation of the Bull’s Eye Values Survey (BEVS), using a sample of institutionalized patients suffering from Epilepsy. Study Two investigated the psychometric properties of the BEVS with a sample of Swedish university students. Results indicate that the BEVS is sensitive to treatment effects and can differentiate between clients who receive values based interventions and those that do not. The BEVS subscales and total score appear to measure an independent dimension of psychological functioning that is negatively correlated with measures of depression, anxiety and stress and positively correlated with a measure of psychological flexibility. The BEVS also exhibits acceptable temporal stability and internal consistency. The study provides preliminary support for the BEVS as both a research and clinical tool for measuring values, valued action discrepancies and barriers to value based living.
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| 20. |
- Luoma, Emilia, et al.
(author)
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A multi-criteria decision analysis model for ship biofouling management in the Baltic Sea
- 2022
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 852
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biofouling of ship hulls form a vector for the introduction of non-indigenous organisms worldwide. Through increasing friction, the organisms attached to ships' hulls increase the fuel consumption, leading to both higher fuel costs and air emissions. At the same time, ship biofouling management causes both ecological risks and monetary costs. All these aspects should be considered case-specifically in the search of sustainable management strategies. Applying Bayesian networks, we developed a multi-criteria decision analysis model to compare biofouling management strategies in the Baltic Sea, given the characteristics of a ship, its operating profile and operational environment, considering the comprehensive environmental impact and the monetary costs. The model is demonstrated for three scenarios (SC1-3) and sub-scenarios (A-C), comparing the alternative biofouling management strategies in relation to NIS (non-indigenous species) introduction risk, eco-toxicological risk due to biocidal coating, carbon dioxide emissions and costs related to fuel consumption, in-water cleaning and hull coating. The scenarios demonstrate that by the careful consideration of the hull fouling management strategy, both money and environment can be saved. We suggest biocidal-free coating with a regular in-water cleaning using a capture system is generally the lowest-risk option. The best biocidal-free coating type and the optimal in-water cleaning interval should be evaluated case-specifically, though. In some cases, however, biocidal coating remains a justifiable option.
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| 21. |
- Luoma, Jason B., et al.
(author)
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Integrating contextual behavioral science with research on psychedelic assisted therapy : Introduction to the special section
- 2020
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In: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 15, s. 207-209
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Scientific research on the therapeutic use of psychedelics has rapidly expanded over the past decade and, over the next decade, they may be approved for clinical use. Psychedelics have been used for centuries in ritual, community, and spiritual contexts and yet the potential for a scientific approach to these drugs has possibly never been greater than it is now. Modern well controlled trials show preliminary efficacy in relation to a range of different psychological problems. In this introduction we outline the aims of this special issue, present the case for integrating psychedelics and contextual behavioral science, and provide an overview of the papers in the issue.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Luoma, Jukka, et al.
(author)
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Time delays, competitive interdependence, and firm performance
- 2017
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In: Strategic Management Journal. - : Wiley. - 0143-2095 .- 1097-0266. ; 38:3, s. 506-525
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Competitors’ experiences of prior interactions shape patterns of rivalry over time. However, mechanisms that in uence learning from competitive experience remain largely unexamined. We develop a computational model of dyadic rivalry to examine how time delays in competitors’ feedback in uence their learning. Time delays are inevitable because the process of executing competitive moves takes time, and the market’s responses unfold gradually. We analyze how these lags impact learning and, subsequently, rms’ competitive behavior, industry pro ts, and performance heterogeneity. In line with the extant learning literature, our ndings reveal that time delays hinder learning from experience. However, this counterintuitively increases rivals’ pro ts by reducing their investments in costly head-to-head competition. Time delays also engender performance heterogeneity by causing rivals’ paths of competitive behavior to diverge.
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| 24. |
- Luoma, Katariina, et al.
(author)
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Disc height and signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus on magnetic resonance imaging as indicators of lumbar disc degeneration
- 2001
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In: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 26:6, s. 680-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of degeneration of the lumbar spine. OBJECTIVES: To compare the usefulness of disc height and that of T2-weighted signal intensity as indicators of disc degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Disc height and signal intensity have been used as indicators for disc degeneration. Their relation to each other and to early degeneration has not been well documented. There is evidence that physical load can affect disc height. METHODS: Forty-one machine operators, 41 construction carpenters, and 46 office workers, aged 40-45 years, and 22 students aged 18-20 years were examined with sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. All study participants were men. The mean value of the anterior and posterior disc height and the relative T2-weighted signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus of discs L2-L3 to L5-S1 were measured. RESULTS: Young men showed the lowest disc height but the highest relative signal intensity. Disc height showed an increasing trend from the office workers (sedentary) to blue-collar workers (more physical work) at all disc levels but L5-S1. Relative signal intensity showed a decreasing trend for these same worker types at all levels. In generalized linear modeling, signal intensity and the occupations, in reference to the young students, showed a significant effect on disc height. CONCLUSIONS: Relative signal intensity was lower in the middle-aged men than in the young men, indicating age-related disc degeneration. Despite the general positive association between disc narrowing and decreased relative signal intensity, disc narrowing may behave unexpectedly in relation to signal intensity and age. Signal intensity may be a more sensitive measure of disc degeneration. The validity of disc height as an indicator of early degeneration seems questionable.
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| 25. |
- Luoma, Katariina, et al.
(author)
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Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration
- 2000
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In: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 25:4, s. 487-92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. OBJECTIVES: To study the relation of low back pain (LBP) to disc degeneration in the lumbar spine. BACKGROUND DATA: Controversy still prevails about the relationship between disc degeneration and LBP. Classification of disc degeneration and symptoms varies, hampering comparison of study results. METHODS: Subjects comprised 164 men aged 40-45 years-53 machine drivers, 51 construction carpenters, and 60 office workers. The data of different types of LBP, individual characteristics, and lifestyle factors were obtained from a questionnaire and a structured interview. Degeneration of discs L2/L3-L5/S1 (dark nucleus pulposus and posterior and anterior bulge) was assessed with MRI. RESULTS: An increased risk of LBP (including all types) was found in relation to all signs of disc degeneration. An increased risk of sciatic pain was found in relation to posterior bulges, but local LBP was not related to disc degeneration. The risks of LBP and sciatic pain were strongly affected by occupation. CONCLUSIONS: Low back pain is associated with signs of disc degeneration and sciatic pain with posterior disc bulges. Low back pain is strongly associated with occupation.
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| 26. |
- Luoma, Katariina, et al.
(author)
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Lumbar disc degeneration in relation to occupation
- 1998
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 24:5, s. 358-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study risk factors of lumbar disc degeneration demonstrable with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with special emphasis on occupational load and back accidents. METHODS: The subjects in this cross-sectional study were 53 machine drivers, 51 construction carpenters, and 60 municipal office workers aged 40-45 years. Data on possible risk factors were available from current structured questionnaires and for 4 and 7 years in retrospect. The prevalence of lumbar disc degeneration L2/L3-L5/S1 was determined with MRI. RESULTS: An increased risk was found for posterior disc bulges among the carpenters and for anterior disc bulges among the machine drivers, but decreased signal intensity was not related to occupation. Car driving was also associated with anterior disc bulges. All signs of disc degeneration were related to a history of back accidents. Disc degeneration was not related to body height, overweight, smoking, or the frequency of physical exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational load affects the risk of disc degeneration of the lumbar spine. Accidental back injuries and motor vehicle driving are associated with an increased risk of disc degeneration. Anterior and posterior disc bulges seem to be related to different types of physical loads.
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| 27. |
- Luoma, Katariina, et al.
(author)
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Lumbosacral transitional vertebra : relation to disc degeneration and low back pain
- 2004
-
In: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 29:2, s. 200-5
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) study. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation of the lumbosacral transitional vertebra to signs of disc degeneration in MRI and to low back pain (LBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: An association between the transitional vertebra and herniation in the disc above has been found in patients with LBP, but knowledge of the relation to other degenerative disc changes detected in MRI and to LBP is lacking. METHODS: MR images of the lumbar spine of 138 middle-aged working men and 25 healthy young men were evaluated. The presence and type of lumbosacral transitional vertebra and of degenerative changes in intervertebral discs were evaluated. The history of low back symptoms was obtained with a questionnaire from the middle-aged men. RESULTS: The prevalence of transitional vertebra was 30%. Transitional vertebra was associated with an increased risk of degenerative changes in the disc above among the young men and with a decreased risk in the disc below among the middle-aged men. Transitional vertebra, symmetric or asymmetric, was not associated with any type of LBP in the middle-aged men. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra increases the risk of early degeneration in the upper disc. This effect seems to be obscured by age-related changes in the middle age. The degenerative process is slowed down in the lower disc. For these effects, the presence of a transitional vertebra should be noticed when morphologic methods are used in research on lumbosacral spine. Transitional vertebra is not associated with any type of LBP.
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| 28. |
- Luoma, Katariina, et al.
(author)
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Suitability of cerebrospinal fluid for a signal intensity reference on MRI : Evaluation of signal intensity variations in the lumbosacral dural sac
- 1997
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In: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 39:10, s. 728-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The suitability of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lumbosacral dural sac as an internal signal-intensity reference was studied on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine using a surface coil and motion artefact suppression technique. A signal-intensity reference is needed when signal is compared between images, studies or subjects. Homogeneity of the CSF was estimated visually on T2-weighted images of 60 subjects at 1.5 T and of another 60 subjects at 0.1 T. Spines with a severely narrowed dural sac or marked scoliosis were excluded from the study to avoid partial volume effect. CSF was homogeneous in 82% and 73% of the examinations at 1.5 T and 0.1 T, respectively. The type and location of the local inhomogeneities did not relate to local narrowings of the dural sac. The signal intensity of CSF was measured in 108 examinations at 0.1 T after correcting the spatially-dependent signal-intensity non-uniformities with a phantom-based method. The signal-intensity difference between the CSF in the upper and lower lumbar dural sac was less than 10% in 73% of the examinations. The CSF in the lumbosacral dural sac can be a useful signal-intensity reference for estimation of the signal of the adjacent structures in patients without severe narrowing of the dural sac or marked scoliosis. It may contribute to assessing spinal disease processes.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Luoma, M. L., et al.
(author)
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Physical performance, toxicity, and quality of life as assessed by the physician and the patient
- 2002
-
In: Acta Oncol. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 41:1, s. 44-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to study the relationship between physician-assessed quality of life parameters, i.e., toxicity and physical performance, and patients' self-reports of their quality of life (QoL). QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment, using the EORTC QLQ-C30. The WHO performance score (PS) and toxicity were assessed in physician interviews. The correlations between the WHO PS and the QLQ-C30 functioning scale scores varied from weak to moderate, depending on the scale. Strongest associations were found in physical-, social-, and role functioning, and in the global QoL. The QLQ-C30 nausea/vomiting and diarrhea scales correlated moderately to corresponding WHO scores. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the contribution of WHO PS and toxicity variables to the global QoL. The best model explained only 16% of the variance of the global QoL score. The present findings highlight the importance of independent QoL assessments focused on those aspects of QoL not captured in clinical interviews with the physician.
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| 31. |
- Luoma, ML, et al.
(author)
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Prognostic value of quality of life scores for time to progression (TTP) and overall survival time (OS) in advanced breast cancer
- 2003
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In: European Journal of Cancer. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 39:10, s. 1370-1376
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate whether baseline quality of life (QoL) and changes in QoL scores from baseline are prognostic for time to progression (TTP) and/or overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving docetaxel (T) or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF). QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Survival curves and probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier technique. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for both the univariate and multivariate analyses to explore relationships between baseline QoL variables and TTP, as well as OS. In the univariate analysis, more severe pain and fatigue at baseline were predictive for a shorter OS; global QoL, physical functioning and appetite loss had a borderline significance (P=0.0130 for global QoL; P=0.0256 for physical functioning: P=0.0149 for appetite loss). World Health Organization (WHO) performance status was significantly predictive for OS. In the multivariate analysis, more severe pain at baseline was predictive for a shorter OS. In contrast, baseline QoL had no prognostic value for the duration of TTP. QoL change scores from baseline QoL predicted neither OS nor TTP. Our findings suggest that while QoL measurements are important in evaluating patients' QoL, they have no great importance in predicting primary clinical endpoints such as TTP or OS in advanced breast cancer patients. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Luoma, Petri, et al.
(author)
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Parkinsonism, premature menopause, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma mutations: clinical and molecular genetic study
- 2004
-
In: Lancet. ; 364:9437, s. 875-82
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mutations in the gene encoding mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG), the enzyme that synthesises mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been associated with a mitochondrial disease-autosomal dominant or recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia-and multiple deletions of mtDNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also suspected to participate in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, no primary gene defects affecting mitochondrial proteins causing mendelian transmission of parkinsonism have been characterised. We aimed to analyse the gene sequence of POLG in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and their healthy relatives. METHODS: In seven families of various ethnic origins we assessed patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and unaffected individuals by clinical, biochemical, morphological, and molecular genetic characterisation and positron emission tomography (PET). FINDINGS: We recorded mutations in POLG in members of all seven families. Clinical assessment showed significant cosegregation of parkinsonism with POLG mutations (p<0.0001), and PET findings were consistent with dopaminergic neuron loss. Post-mortem examination in two individuals showed loss of pigmented neurons and pigment phagocytosis in substantia nigra without Lewy bodies. Furthermore, most women with progressive external ophthalmoplegia had early menopause-before age 35 years. The POLG gene defect resulted in secondary accumulation of mtDNA deletions in patients' tissues. INTERPRETATION: Dysfunction of mitochondrial POLG causes a severe progressive multisystem disorder including parkinsonism and premature menopause, which are not typical of mitochondrial disease. Cosegregation of parkinsonism and POLG mutations in our families suggests that when defective, this gene can underlie mendelian transmission of parkinsonism. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: Awareness that mitochondrial POLG mutations can underlie parkinsonism is important for clinicians working in diagnosis of movement disorders, as well as for studies of the genetics of Parkinson's disease. Further, progressive external ophthalmoplegia with muscle weakness and neuropathy can mask symptoms of parkinsonism, and clinicians should pay special attention to detect and treat parkinsonism in those individuals.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Naeve, Ambjörn, et al.
(author)
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A modelling approach to study learning processes with a focus on knowledge creation
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1753-5255 .- 1753-5263. ; 12:6, s. 5-14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we present a modelling approach to study learning processes. We introduce the process/pedagogy/tools model and shown how its assembly-line style of process modelling can be used to describe which pedagogical aspects and which tools that support which parts of a specific learning process. We also review the SECI knowledge creation theory of Nonaka and combine it with process modelling to arrive at a SECI process framework for the study and analysis of knowledge-creating learning processes. Finally, we show that the different SECI modes of knowledge conversion are empirically supported by pedagogical research.
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| 36. |
- Pandolfi, Marco, et al.
(author)
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A European aerosol phenomenology-6 : scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles from 28 ACTRIS sites
- 2018
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 18:11, s. 7877-7911
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the light-scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles measured over the past decade at 28 ACTRIS observatories, which are located mainly in Europe. The data include particle light scattering (sigma(sp)) and hemispheric backscattering (sigma(bsp)) coefficients, scattering Angstrom exponent (SAE), backscatter fraction (BF) and asymmetry parameter (g). An increasing gradient of sigma(sp) is observed when moving from remote environments (arctic/mountain) to regional and to urban environments. At a regional level in Europe, sigma(sp) also increases when moving from Nordic and Baltic countries and from western Europe to central/eastern Europe, whereas no clear spatial gradient is observed for other station environments. The SAE does not show a clear gradient as a function of the placement of the station. However, a west-to-east-increasing gradient is observed for both regional and mountain placements, suggesting a lower fraction of fine-mode particle in western/south-western Europe compared to central and eastern Europe, where the fine-mode particles dominate the scattering. The g does not show any clear gradient by station placement or geographical location reflecting the complex relationship of this parameter with the physical properties of the aerosol particles. Both the station placement and the geographical location are important factors affecting the intraannual variability. At mountain sites, higher sigma(sp) and SAE values are measured in the summer due to the enhanced boundary layer influence and/or new particle-formation episodes. Conversely, the lower horizontal and vertical dispersion during winter leads to higher sigma(sp) values at all low-altitude sites in central and eastern Europe compared to summer. These sites also show SAE maxima in the summer (with corresponding g minima). At all sites, both SAE and g show a strong variation with aerosol particle loading. The lowest values of g are always observed together with low sigma(sp) values, indicating a larger contribution from particles in the smaller accumulation mode. During periods of high sigma(sp) values, the variation of g is less pronounced, whereas the SAE increases or decreases, suggesting changes mostly in the coarse aerosol particle mode rather than in the fine mode. Statistically significant decreasing trends of sigma(sp) are observed at 5 out of the 13 stations included in the trend analyses. The total reductions of sigma(sp) are consistent with those reported for PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations over similar periods across Europe.
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| 37. |
- Pereira-López, X., et al.
(author)
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In-beam γ -ray spectroscopy of 94 Ag
- 2023
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In: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 59:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A recoil-beta-tagging experiment has been performed to study the excited T= 0 and T= 1 states in the odd–odd N= Z nucleus 94Ag, populated via the 40Ca(58Ni,1p3n)94Ag reaction. The experiment was conducted using the MARA recoil separator and JUROGAM3 array at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. Through correlating fast, high-energy beta decays at the MARA focal plane with prompt γ rays emitted at the reaction target, a number of transitions between excited states in 94Ag have been identified. The timing characteristics of these transitions confirm that they fall within decay sequences that feed the short-lived T= 1 ground state of 94Ag. The transitions are proposed to proceed within and between the sets of states with T= 0 and T= 1. Possible correspondence between some of these transitions from analog states in 94Pd has been discussed, and shell-model calculations including multipole and monopole electromagnetic effects have been presented, in order to enable predictions of the decay patterns between the T= 0 and T= 1 states and to allow a theoretical set of Coulomb energy differences to be calculated for the A= 94 T= 1 analog states.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Sihvonen, Antti, et al.
(author)
-
How customer knowledge affects exploration : Generating, guiding, and gatekeeping
- 2021
-
In: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 94, s. 90-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of understanding customers in order to sustain the long-term success of the company has been claimed by academics and practitioners for decades, to the point that the claim has turned into a truism. And still, the role of customer knowledge in organizational renewal, especially via explorative new product development (NPD), remains ambiguous. While existing literature generally emphasizes the value of customer knowledge, critics argue that a strong customer focus can also de-motivate and misguide exploration. This study adds clarity to our understanding of this tension by drawing from an intensive analysis of the corporate archives of a rapidly growing high-tech company. The authors trace the impacts of customer knowledge on twelve explorative NPD projects. The findings reveal three distinct mechanisms through which customer knowledge influences exploration: generating, guiding, and gatekeeping. The impact of customer knowledge on exploration depends on the selective deployment of these mechanisms. The authors further argue that managers should seek to find a fit between the deployment of customer knowledge mechanisms and the exploration project type in order to increase the likelihood of exploration project success.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Simonsson, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Change communication : Developing the perspective of sensemaking and the perspective of coworkers
- 2020
-
In: The Handbook of Public Sector Communication. - : Wiley. - 9781119263142 - 9781119263203 ; , s. 153-166
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter focuses on communication-centered change research and its implications for public sector organizations. It focuses on the organizational level and the communication processes through which changes are enacted. Special attention is given to coworkers and how they make sense in times of changes. Sensemaking processes play a crucial role in organizational changes; if managers and employees find it difficult to make sense of a current change, there will, to put it in simple terms, be no change. In effect, changes tend to trigger a process of active sensemaking among organization members. Changes are events that involve a disruption within the organization’s ongoing activities and its well-known patterns of action, which means that people actively search for meaning in change situations. The chapter highlights the complexity of changes and discusses specific prerequisites for changes in public sector organizations. Then, it discusses the vital role of sensemaking from a coworker-oriented perspective.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Solovieva, Svetlana, et al.
(author)
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Association between the aggrecan gene variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and intervertebral disc degeneration
- 2007
-
In: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 32:16, s. 1700-1705
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between an aggrecan variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism and intervertebral disc degeneration in middle-aged Finnish men. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: An association between the aggrecan VNTR polymorphism and multilevel disc degeneration has been previously reported in young Japanese women. METHODS: Lumbar discs of 132 men representing 3 occupations (carpenters, machine drivers, and office workers) were evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging, using decreased signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus, disc bulges, and decreased disc height as signs of degeneration. The aggrecan gene VNTR region was analyzed by Southern hybridization. RESULTS: The allele A26 with 26 repeats was statistically significantly overrepresented among the persons with dark nucleus pulposus. Carrying 2 copies of the A26 allele increased the risk of dark nucleus pulposus (odds ratio = 2.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-6.16). Carrying the alleles with either less or more than 26 repeats decreased the risk of dark nucleus pulposus. The carpenters and machine drivers with the A26 allele had a statistically significantly higher risk of disc bulge and decreased disc height than the office workers without the allele. CONCLUSION: The findings provide additional support for the role of the aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism in intervertebral disc degeneration.
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| 44. |
- Solovieva, Svetlana, et al.
(author)
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COL9A3 gene polymorphism and obesity in intervertebral disc degeneration of the lumbar spine : evidence of gene-environment interaction
- 2002
-
In: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 27:23, s. 2691-6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the interaction between the COL9A3 gene polymorphism and persistent obesity in relation to lumbar disc degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Obesity has been suggested to be a risk factor for disc degeneration. There is some indication for an association between collagen IX genes and lumbar disc disease characterized by sciatica. However, the interaction between those factors in their influences on the risk of disc degeneration has not been studied. METHODS: Blood samples from 135 middle-aged men who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine were analyzed for the presence of an arginine to tryptophan change in the COL9A3 gene (Trp3 allele). The men represented three occupations: 41 were machine drivers, 42 were carpenters, and 52 were office workers. The discs L2/L3-L5/S1 were evaluated on MRI, using decreased signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus, posterior disc bulges, and decreased disc height as signs of disc degeneration. Based on self-reports on body height and weight currently and at the age of 25 years, obesity history was classified as no obesity, persistent obesity, and other. Rothman's synergy index was used as a measure of interaction between two factors. RESULTS: The Trp3 allele and persistent obesity acted synergistically to increase the risk of dark nucleus pulposus, posterior disc bulge, and decreased disc height at L4/L5; of multilevel posterior disc bulges; and of decreased disc height. From 45% to 71% of disc degeneration among persistently obese individuals with the Trp3 allele could be attributed to the synergism of these two factors. CONCLUSION: The effect of obesity on lumbar disc degeneration seems to be modified by the collagen IX gene polymorphism, so that people who carry the Trp3 allele are at increased risk if they are persistently obese.
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| 45. |
- Solovieva, Svetlana, et al.
(author)
-
Interleukin 1 polymorphisms and intervertebral disc degeneration
- 2004
-
In: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 15:5, s. 626-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular matrix, and possibly local inflammation, contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration. We investigated whether polymorphisms within the IL-1 gene locus are associated with lumbar disc degeneration and whether the effect of occupational physical load on disc degeneration is modified by the polymorphisms. METHODS: Genotypes were determined from 133 middle-aged men who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. The participants represented 3 occupations: 40 were machine drivers, 42 carpenters, and 51 office workers. We evaluated decreased signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus, disc bulges, and decreased disc height as signs of degeneration in the L2/L3-L5/S1 discs. RESULTS: The odds ratio for disc bulges was 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-4.8) and 1.9 (1.0-3.7), in carriers of the IL-1alphaT or IL-1betaT alleles, respectively. The TT genotype of the IL-1alpha gene carried more than 3-fold risk of disc bulges as compared with the CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms could affect the risk of disc degeneration. The effect of physical workload seems to be modified by the IL-1 gene polymorphisms.
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| 46. |
- Solovieva, Svetlana, et al.
(author)
-
Intervertebral disc degeneration in relation to the COL9A3 and the IL-1ss gene polymorphisms
- 2006
-
In: European spine journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 15:5, s. 613-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Disc degeneration is a complex condition in which environmental factors and multiple genes are expected to act together to determine the degenerative phenotype. Recently associations of COL9A2 (Trp2 allele) and COL9A3 (Trp3 allele) polymorphisms with lumbar disc disease characterized by sciatica have been reported. However, it is not known whether the Trp2 or Trp3 alleles contribute to disc degeneration (DD). In this study, the association between the collagen genes polymorphisms and lumbar DD was investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the IL-1beta(C(3954)-T) polymorphism on the association of collagen genes polymorphisms with DD was examined. Lumbar intervertebral discs of 135 middle-aged occupationally active men were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging, using decreased signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus, disc bulges, and decreased disc height as signs of degeneration. Blood samples were analysed for the presence of COL9A3 and COL9A2 tryptophan alleles (Trp3 and Trp2 alleles). The COL11A2, COL2A1 and IL-1beta(C(3954)-T) polymorphisms were also analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis allowing for occupation and body mass index showed that the carriage of the Trp3 allele in the absence of the IL-1betaT(3954) allele increased the risk of dark nucleus pulposus (OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.3-38.8) and joint occurrence of degenerative changes (OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.4-44.7). There was no effect of the Trp3 allele on DD in the presence of the IL-1betaT(3954) allele. The carriers of the COL11A2 minor allele had an increased risk of disc bulges (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.2) as compared with non-carriers. The results suggest that the effect of the COL9A3 gene polymorphism on DD might be modified by the IL-1beta gene polymorphism.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Solovieva, Svetlana, et al.
(author)
-
Possible association of interleukin 1 gene locus polymorphisms with low back pain
- 2004
-
In: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 109:1-2, s. 8-19
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Based on a hypothesis that interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity is associated with low back pain (LBP), we investigated relationships between previously described functional IL-1 gene polymorphisms and LBP. The subjects were a subgroup of a Finnish study cohort. The IL-1alpha(C(889)-T), IL-1beta(C(3954)-T) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN)(G(1812)-A, G(1887)-C and T(11100)-C) polymorphisms were genotyped in 131 middle-aged men from three occupational groups (machine drivers, carpenters and office workers). A questionnaire inquired about individual and lifestyle characteristics and the occurrence of LBP, the number of days with pain and days with limitation of daily activities because of pain, and pain intensity, during the past 12 months. Lumbar disc degeneration was determined with magnetic resonance imaging. Carriers of the IL-1RNA(1812) allele had an increased risk of LBP (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-6.0) and carriers of this allele in combination with the IL-1alphaT(889) or IL-1betaT(3954) allele had a higher risk of and more days with LBP than non-carriers. Pain intensity was associated with the simultaneous carriage of the IL-1alphaT(889) and IL-1RNA(1812) alleles (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2-11.9). Multiple regression analyses allowing for occupation and disc degeneration showed that carriage of the IL-1RNA(1812) allele was associated with the occurrence of pain, the number of days with pain and days with limitations of daily activities. Carriage of the IL-1betaT(3954) allele was associated with the number of days with pain. The results suggest a possible contribution of the IL-1 gene locus polymorphisms to the pathogenesis of LBP. The possibility of chance findings cannot be excluded due to the small sample size.
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| 49. |
- Titos, Gloria, et al.
(author)
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A global study of hygroscopicity-driven light-scattering enhancement in the context of other in situ aerosol optical properties
- 2021
-
In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 21:17, s. 13031-13050
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The scattering and backscattering enhancement factors (f(RH) and fb(RH)) describe how aerosol particle light scattering and backscattering, respectively, change with relative humidity (RH). They are important parameters in estimating direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF). In this study we use the dataset presented in Burgos et al. (2019) that compiles f(RH) and fb(RH) measurements at three wavelengths (i.e., 450, 550 and 700 nm) performed with tandem nephelometer systems at multiple sites around the world. We present an overview of f(RH) and fb(RH) based on both long-term and campaign observations from 23 sites representing a range of aerosol types. The scattering enhancement shows a strong variability from site to site, with no clear pattern with respect to the total scattering coefficient. In general, higher f(RH) is observed at Arctic and marine sites, while lower values are found at urban and desert sites, although a consistent pattern as a function of site type is not observed. The backscattering enhancement fb(RH) is consistently lower than f(RH) at all sites, with the difference between f(RH) and fb(RH) increasing for aerosol with higher f(RH). This is consistent with Mie theory, which predicts higher enhancement of the light scattering in the forward than in the backward direction as the particle takes up water. Our results show that the scattering enhancement is higher for PM1 than PM10 at most sites, which is also supported by theory due to the change in scattering efficiency with the size parameter that relates particle size and the wavelength of incident light. At marine-influenced sites this difference is enhanced when coarse particles (likely sea salt) predominate. For most sites, f(RH) is observed to increase with increasing wavelength, except at sites with a known dust influence where the spectral dependence of f(RH) is found to be low or even exhibit the opposite pattern. The impact of RH on aerosol properties used to calculate radiative forcing (e.g., single-scattering albedo, ω0, and backscattered fraction, b) is evaluated. The single-scattering albedo generally increases with RH, while b decreases. The net effect of aerosol hygroscopicity on radiative forcing efficiency (RFE) is an increase in the absolute forcing effect (negative sign) by a factor of up to 4 at RH = 90 % compared to dry conditions (RH < 40 %). Because of the scarcity of scattering enhancement measurements, an attempt was made to use other more commonly available aerosol parameters (i.e., ω0 and scattering Ångström exponent, αsp) to parameterize f(RH). The majority of sites (75 %) showed a consistent trend with ω0 (higher f(RH = 85 %) for higher ω0), while no clear pattern was observed between f(RH = 85 %) and αsp. This suggests that aerosol ω0 is more promising than αsp as a surrogate for the scattering enhancement factor, although neither parameter is ideal. Nonetheless, the qualitative relationship observed between ω0 and f(RH) could serve as a constraint on global model simulations.
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| 50. |
- Washburn, Anthony N., et al.
(author)
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Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects
- 2016
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In: Scientific Data. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature): Fully open access journals / Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires.
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