| 1. |
- Catalán, Núria, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Behind the Scenes : mechanisms Regulating Climatic Patterns of Dissolved Organic Carbon Uptake in Headwater Streams
- 2018
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In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 32:10, s. 1528-1541
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake rates has been reported for headwater streams, but the causes of this variability are still not well understood. Here we assessed acetate uptake rates across 11 European streams comprising different ecoregions by using whole-reach pulse acetate additions. We evaluated the main climatic and biogeochemical drivers of acetate uptake during two seasonal periods. Our results show a minor influence of sampling periods but a strong effect of climate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition on acetate uptake. In particular, mean annual precipitation explained half of the variability of the acetate uptake velocities (Vf(Acetate)) across streams. Temperate streams presented the lowest Vf(Acetate), together with humic-like DOM and the highest stream respiration rates. In contrast, higher Vf(Acetate) were found in semiarid streams, with protein-like DOM, indicating a dominance of reactive, labile compounds. This, together with lower stream respiration rates and molar ratios of DOC to nitrate, suggests a strong C limitation in semiarid streams, likely due to reduced inputs from the catchment. Overall, this study highlights the interplay of climate and DOM composition and its relevance to understand the biogeochemical mechanisms controlling DOC uptake in streams. Plain Language Summary Headwater streams receive and degrade organic carbon and nutrients from the surrounding catchments. That degradation can be assessed by measuring the uptake of simple compounds of carbon or nitrogen such as acetate or nitrate. Here we determine the variability in acetate and nitrate uptake rates across headwater streams and elucidate the mechanisms behind that variability. The balance between nutrients, the composition of the organic materials present in the streams, and the climatic background is at interplay.
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| 2. |
- Aimo, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Cardiac remodelling - Part 2: Clinical, imaging and laboratory findings. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 24:6, s. 944-958
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In patients with heart failure, the beneficial effects of drug and device therapies counteract to some extent ongoing cardiac damage. According to the net balance between these two factors, cardiac geometry and function may improve (reverse remodelling, RR) and even completely normalize (remission), or vice versa progressively deteriorate (adverse remodelling, AR). RR or remission predict a better prognosis, while AR has been associated with worsening clinical status and outcomes. The remodelling process ultimately involves all cardiac chambers, but has been traditionally evaluated in terms of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. This is the second part of a review paper by the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology dedicated to ventricular remodelling. This document examines the proposed criteria to diagnose RR and AR, their prevalence and prognostic value, and the variables predicting remodelling in patients managed according to current guidelines. Much attention will be devoted to RR in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction because most studies on cardiac remodelling focused on this setting.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Guasch, H., et al.
(author)
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Interactions between microplastics and benthic biofilms in fluvial ecosystems: Knowledge gaps and future trends
- 2022
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In: Freshwater Science. - : University of Chicago Press. - 2161-9549 .- 2161-9565. ; 41:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plastics, especially microplastics (<5 mm in length), are anthropogenic polymer particles that have been detected in almost all environments. Microplastics are extremely persistent pollutants and act as long-lasting reactive surfaces for additives, organic matter, and toxic substances. Biofilms are microbial assemblages that act as a sink for particulate matter, including microplastics. They are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems and provide key services that promote biodiversity and help sustain ecosystem function. Here, we provide a conceptual framework to describe the transient storage of microplastics in fluvial biofilm and develop hypotheses to help explain how microplastics and biofilms interact in fluvial ecosystems. We identify lines of future research that need to be addressed to better manage microplastics and biofilms, including how the sorption and desorption of environmental contaminants in microplastics affect biofilms and how microbial exchange between microplastics and the biofilm matrix affects biofilm characteristics like antibiotic resistance, speciation, biodiversity, species composition, and function. We also address the uptake mechanisms of microplastics by consumers and their propagation through the food web.
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| 5. |
- Denfeld, Blaize A., et al.
(author)
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Heterogeneous CO2 and CH4 patterns across space and time in a small boreal lake
- 2020
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In: Inland Waters. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2044-2041 .- 2044-205X. ; 10:3, s. 348-359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small boreal lakes emit large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. Yet emissions of these greenhouse gases are variable in space and time, in part due to variable within-lake CO2 and CH4 concentrations. To determine the extent and the underlying drivers of this variation, we measured lake water CO2 and CH4 concentrations and estimated associated emissions using spatially discrete water samples collected every 2 weeks from a small boreal lake. On select dates, we also collected groundwater samples from the surrounding catchment. On average, groundwater draining a connected peat mire complex had significantly higher CO2 and CH4 concentrations compared to waters draining forest on mineral soils. However, within the lake, only CH4 concentrations nearshore from the mire complex were significantly elevated. We observed little spatial variability in surface water CO2; however, bottom water CO2 in the pelagic zone was significantly higher than bottom waters at nearshore locations. Overall, temperature, precipitation, and thermal stratification explained temporal patterns of CO2 concentration, whereas hydrology (discharge and precipitation) best predicted the variation in CH4 concentration. Consistent with these different controls, the highest CO2 emission was related to lake turnover at the end of August while the highest CH4 emission was associated with precipitation events at the end of June. These results suggest that annual carbon emissions from small boreal lakes are influenced by temporal variation in weather conditions that regulate thermal stratification and trigger hydrologic land-water connections that supply gases from catchment soils to the lake.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lupon, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Discrete groundwater inflows influence patterns of nitrogen uptake in a boreal headwater stream
- 2020
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In: Freshwater Science. - : University of Chicago Press. - 2161-9549 .- 2161-9565. ; 39:2, s. 228-240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) influences stream nitrogen (N) dynamics by regulating the nutrient demand of heterotrophic microbes and mediating their interactions with nitrifiers. However, DOC supply to streams is dynamic in space and time, which may create variability in N dynamics as a result of shifts between heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic influences. To test this, we measured spatial and temporal variation in concentrations and net uptake of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3−) along a 1.4-km boreal stream fed by 4 discrete groundwater inflow zones. We also performed constant rate additions of NH4+, with and without acetate, to test the influence of labile DOC availability on N cycling. Groundwater N supply did not drive spatial patterns in N concentrations. However, we observed high rates of net NH4+ uptake at the sub-reach with the greatest groundwater DOC inputs, whereas net nitrification occurred where such inputs were negligible. At the reach scale, net DON and NH4+ uptake increased with greater groundwater discharge, DOC∶DIN, and ecosystem respiration, whereas net nitrification increased with greater DOC aromaticity. Finally, constant rate additions showed that, under increased DOC availability, NH4+ uptake increased 2×, whereas the proportion of NH4+ nitrified decreased from 42 to 15%. Together, these observations suggest that nitrification rivals heterotrophic uptake when aromatic DOC promotes heterotrophic carbon limitation. Discrete groundwater inflows and periods of elevated discharge can partially alleviate this limitation by supplying labile DOC from riparian soils. Hence, accounting for these land–water connections, over both time and space, is critical for understanding N dynamics in boreal streams.
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| 8. |
- Lupon, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Groundwater inflows control patterns and sources of greenhouse gas emissions from streams
- 2019
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 64:4, s. 1545-1557
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Headwater streams can be important sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. However, the influence of groundwater-stream connectivity on the patterns and sources of carbon (C) gas evasion is still poorly understood. We explored these connections in the boreal landscape through a detailed study of a 1.4 km lake outlet stream that is hydrologically fed by multiple topographically driven groundwater input zones. We measured stream and groundwater dissolved organic C (DOC), CO2, and CH4 concentrations every 50 m biweekly during the ice-free period and estimated in-stream C gas production through a mass balance model and independent estimates of aquatic metabolism. The spatial pattern of C gas concentrations was consistent over time, with peaks of both CH4 and CO2 concentrations occurring after each groundwater input zone. Moreover, lateral C gas inputs from riparian soils were the major source of CO2 and CH4 to the stream. DOC mineralization and CH4 oxidation within the stream accounted for 17-51% of stream CO2 emissions, and this contribution was the greatest during relatively higher flows. Overall, our results illustrate how the nature and arrangement of groundwater flowpaths can organize patterns of stream C concentrations, transformations, and emissions by acting as a direct source of gases and by supplying organic substrates that fuel aquatic metabolism. Hence, refined assessments of how catchment structure influences the timing and magnitude of groundwater-stream connections are crucial for mechanistically understanding and scaling C evasion rates from headwaters.
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| 9. |
- Vergaro, Giuseppe, et al.
(author)
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Cardiac biomarkers retain prognostic significance in patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2021
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1558-2027 .- 1558-2035. ; 23:1, s. 28-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). We assessed the influence of COPD on circulating levels and prognostic value of three HF biomarkers: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), and soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2).Methods: Individual data from patients with chronic HF, known COPD status, NT-proBNP and hs-TnT values (n = 8088) were analysed. A subgroup (n = 3414) had also sST2 values.Results: Patients had a median age of 66 years (interquartile interval 57–74), 77% were men and 82% had HF with reduced ejection fraction. NT-proBNP, hs-TnT and sST2 were 1207 ng/l (487–2725), 17 ng/l (9–31) and 30 ng/ml (22–44), respectively. Patients with COPD (n = 1249, 15%) had higher NT-proBNP (P = 0.042) and hs-TnT (P < 0.001), but not sST2 (P = 0.165). Over a median 2.0-year follow-up (1.5–2.5), 1717 patients (21%) died, and 1298 (16%) died from cardiovascular causes; 2255 patients (28%) were hospitalized for HF over 1.8 years (0.9–2.1). NT-proBNP, hs-TnT and sST2 predicted the three end points regardless of COPD status. The best cut-offs from receiver-operating characteristics analysis were higher in patients with COPD than in those without. Patients with all three biomarkers higher than or equal to end-point- and COPD-status-specific cut-offs were also those with the worst prognosis.Conclusions: Among patients with HF, those with COPD have higher NT-proBNP and hs-TnT, but not sST2. All these biomarkers yield prognostic significance regardless of the COPD status.
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| 10. |
- Vergaro, Giuseppe, et al.
(author)
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Circulating levels and prognostic cut-offs of sST2, hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP in women vs. men with chronic heart failure
- 2022
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In: ESC Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-5822. ; 9:4, s. 2084-2095
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims To define plasma concentrations, determinants, and optimal prognostic cut-offs of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in women and men with chronic heart failure (HF). Methods and results Individual data of patients from the Biomarkers In Heart Failure Outpatient Study (BIOS) Consortium with sST2, hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP measured were analysed. The primary endpoint was a composite of 1 year cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. The secondary endpoints were 5 year cardiovascular and all-cause death. The cohort included 4540 patients (age 67 +/- 12 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 33 +/- 13%, 1111 women, 25%). Women showed lower sST2 (24 vs. 27 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and hs-cTnT level (15 vs. 20 ng/L, P < 0.001), and similar concentrations of NT-proBNP (1540 vs. 1505 ng/L, P = 0.408). Although the three biomarkers were confirmed as independent predictors of outcome in both sexes, the optimal prognostic cut-off was lower in women for sST2 (28 vs. 31 ng/mL) and hs-cTnT (22 vs. 25 ng/L), while NT-proBNP cut-off was higher in women (2339 ng/L vs. 2145 ng/L). The use of sex-specific cut-offs improved risk prediction compared with the use of previously standardized prognostic cut-offs and allowed to reclassify the risk of many patients, to a greater extent in women than men, and for hs-cTnT than sST2 or NT-proBNP. Specifically, up to 18% men and up to 57% women were reclassified, by using the sex-specific cut-off of hs-cTnT for the endpoint of 5 year cardiovascular death. Conclusions In patients with chronic HF, concentrations of sST2 and hs-cTnT, but not of NT-proBNP, are lower in women. Lower sST2 and hs-cTnT and higher NT-proBNP cut-offs for risk stratification could be used in women.
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| 11. |
- Vergaro, Giuseppe, et al.
(author)
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NT-proBNP for Risk Prediction in Heart Failure : Identification of Optimal Cutoffs Across Body Mass Index Categories
- 2021
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In: JACC. Heart failure. - : American College of Cardiology. - 2213-1779 .- 2213-1787. ; 9:9, s. 653-663
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to assess the predictive power of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and the decision cutoffs in heart failure (HF) across body mass index (BMI) categories.BackgroundConcentrations of NT-proBNP predict outcome in HF. Although the influence of BMI to reduce levels of NT-proBNP is known, the impact of obesity on prognostic value remains uncertain.MethodsIndividual data from the BIOS (Biomarkers In Heart Failure Outpatient Study) consortium were analyzed. Patients with stable HF were classified as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), and mildly (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), moderately (BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2), or severely (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) obese. The prognostic role of NT-proBNP was tested for the endpoints of all-cause and cardiac death.ResultsThe study population included 12,763 patients (mean age 66 ± 12 years; 25% women; mean left ventricular ejection fraction 33% ± 13%). Most patients were overweight (n = 5,176), followed by normal weight (n = 4,299), mildly obese (n = 2,157), moderately obese (n = 612), severely obese (n = 314), and underweight (n = 205). NT-proBNP inversely correlated with BMI (β = –0.174 for 1 kg/m2; P < 0.001). Adding NT-proBNP to clinical models improved risk prediction across BMI categories, with the exception of severely obese patients. The best cutoffs of NT-proBNP for 5-year all-cause death prediction were lower as BMI increased (3,785 ng/L, 2,193 ng/L, 1,554 ng/L, 1,045 ng/L, 755 ng/L, and 879 ng/L, for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and mildly, moderately, and severely obese patients, respectively) and were higher in women than in men.ConclusionsNT-proBNP maintains its independent prognostic value up to 40 kg/m2 BMI, and lower optimal risk-prediction cutoffs are observed in overweight and obese patients.
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| 12. |
- Aimo, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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High-sensitivity troponin T, NT-proBNP and glomerular filtration rate : A multimarker strategy for risk stratification in chronic heart failure
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 277, s. 166-172
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In a recent individual patient data meta-analysis, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) emerged as robust predictor of prognosis in stable chronic heart failure (HF). In the same population, we compared the relative predictive performances of hs-TnT, N-terminal fraction of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for prognosis.Methods and results: 9289 patients (66 ± 12 years, 77% men, 85% LVEF <40%, 60% ischemic HF) were evaluated over a 2.4-year median follow-up. Median eGFR was 58 mL/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile interval 46–70; n = 9220), hs-TnT 16 ng/L (8–20; n = 9289), NT-proBNP 1067 ng/L (433–2470; n = 8845), and hs-CRP 3.3 mg/L (1.4–7.8; n = 7083). In a model including all 3 biomarkers, only hs-TnT and NT-proBNP were independent predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization. hs-TnT was a stronger predictor than NT-proBNP: for example, the risk for all-cause death increased by 54% per doubling of hs-TnT vs. 24% per doubling of NT-proBNP. eGFR showed independent prognostic value from both hs-TnT and NT-proBNP. The best hs-TnT and NT-proBNP cut-offs for the prediction of all-cause death increased progressively with declining renal function (eGFR ≥ 90: hs-TnT 13 ng/L and NT-proBNP 825 ng/L; eGFR < 30: hs-TnT 40 ng/L and NT-proBNP 4608 ng/L). Patient categorization according to these cut-offs effectively stratified patient prognosis across all eGFR classes.Conclusions: hs-TnT conveys independent prognostic information from NT-proBNP, while hs-CRP does not. Concomitant assessment of eGFR may further refine risk stratification. Patient classification according to hs-TnT and NT-proBNP cut-offs specific for the eGFR classes holds prognostic significance.
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| 13. |
- Aimo, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Prognostic Value of High-Sensitivity Troponin T in Chronic Heart Failure : An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
- 2018
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In: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 137:3, s. 286-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Most patients with chronic heart failure have detectable troponin concentrations when evaluated by high-sensitivity assays. The prognostic relevance of this finding has not been clearly established so far. We aimed to assess high-sensitivity troponin assay for risk stratification in chronic heart failure through a meta-analysis approach.Methods: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched in April 2017 by 2 independent authors. The terms were “troponin” AND “heart failure” OR “cardiac failure” OR “cardiac dysfunction” OR “cardiac insufficiency” OR “left ventricular dysfunction.” Inclusion criteria were English language, clinical stability, use of a high-sensitivity troponin assay, follow-up studies, and availability of individual patient data after request to authors. Data retrieved from articles and provided by authors were used in agreement with the PRISMA statement. The end points were all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization for cardiovascular cause.Results: Ten studies were included, reporting data on 11 cohorts and 9289 patients (age 66±12 years, 77% men, 60% ischemic heart failure, 85% with left ventricular ejection fraction <40%). High-sensitivity troponin T data were available for all patients, whereas only 209 patients also had high-sensitivity troponin I assayed. When added to a prognostic model including established risk markers (sex, age, ischemic versus nonischemic etiology, left ventricular ejection fraction, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and N-terminal fraction of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), high-sensitivity troponin T remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.41–1.55), cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–1.48), and cardiovascular hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–1.49), over a median 2.4-year follow-up (all P<0.001). High-sensitivity troponin T significantly improved risk prediction when added to a prognostic model including the variables above. It also displayed an independent prognostic value for all outcomes in almost all population subgroups. The area under the curve–derived 18 ng/L cutoff yielded independent prognostic value for the 3 end points in both men and women, patients with either ischemic or nonischemic etiology, and across categories of renal dysfunction.Conclusions: In chronic heart failure, high-sensitivity troponin T is a strong and independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and of hospitalization for cardiovascular causes, as well. This biomarker then represents an additional tool for prognostic stratification.
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| 14. |
- Aimo, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Revisiting the obesity paradox in heart failure : Per cent body fat as predictor of biomarkers and outcome
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 26:16, s. 1751-1759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) is characterized by better prognosis and lower plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in heart failure. We assessed whether another anthropometric measure, per cent body fat (PBF), reveals different associations with outcome and heart failure biomarkers (NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2)). Methods In an individual patient dataset, BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m) (2) , and PBF through the Jackson-Pollock and Gallagher equations. Results Out of 6468 patients (median 68 years, 78% men, 76% ischaemic heart failure, 90% reduced ejection fraction), 24% died over 2.2 years (1.5-2.9), 17% from cardiovascular death. Median PBF was 26.9% (22.4-33.0%) with the Jackson-Pollock equation, and 28.0% (23.8-33.5%) with the Gallagher equation, with an extremely strong correlation (r = 0.996, p < 0.001). Patients in the first PBF tertile had the worst prognosis, while patients in the second and third tertile had similar survival. The risks of all-cause and cardiovascular death decreased by up to 36% and 27%, respectively, per each doubling of PBF. Furthermore, prognosis was better in the second or third PBF tertiles than in the first tertile regardless of model variables. Both BMI and PBF were inverse predictors of NT-proBNP, but not hs-TnT. In obese patients (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2), third PBF tertile), hs-TnT and sST2, but not NT-proBNP, independently predicted outcome. Conclusion In parallel with increasing BMI or PBF there is an improvement in patient prognosis and a decrease in NT-proBNP, but not hs-TnT or sST2. hs-TnT or sST2 are stronger predictors of outcome than NT-proBNP among obese patients.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gómez-Gener, Lluís, et al.
(author)
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Drought alters the biogeochemistry of boreal stream networks
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drought is a global phenomenon, with widespread implications for freshwater ecosystems. While droughts receive much attention at lower latitudes, their effects on northern river networks remain unstudied. We combine a reach-scale manipulation experiment, observations during the extreme 2018 drought, and historical monitoring data to examine the impact of drought in northern boreal streams. Increased water residence time during drought promoted reductions in aerobic metabolism and increased concentrations of reduced solutes in both stream and hyporheic water. Likewise, data during the 2018 drought revealed widespread hypoxic conditions and shifts towards anaerobic metabolism, especially in headwaters. Finally, long-term data confirmed that past summer droughts have led to similar metabolic alterations. Our results highlight the potential for drought to promote biogeochemical shifts that trigger poor water quality conditions in boreal streams. Given projected increases in hydrological extremes at northern latitudes, the consequences of drought for the health of running waters warrant attention. High latitude droughts are increasing, but their effects on freshwater systems are poorly understood. Here the authors investigate Sweden's most severe drought in the last century and show that these dry conditions induce hypoxia and elevated methane production from streams.
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| 17. |
- Klompstra, Leonie, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity in daily life in heart failure patients living in two European countries, Volume 17, Issue Supplement S1
- 2015
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aims: Exercise is recognized as important in patients with heart failure (HF). It is unclear if there are differences in physical activity between European Countries, therefore the aims of this study were to-Assess physical activity levels in HF patients,-Describe the different types of physical activity of HF patients -Explore differences between patients from Spain and Sweden Method: The short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (sIPAQ) was used to assess the level of physical activity during the previous week. The sIPAQ contains seven items to identify the frequency and duration of light, moderate, and vigorous PA, as well as inactivity during the past week. Data was collected during April-July 2014 in Swedish and Spanish HF patients. Differences were analysed using Pearson’s chi-square or Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Population:548 Spanish and 154 Swedish HF patients29% female, mean age 69±12 years, 75% NYHA class II/19% NYHA IIINo differences were found in gender, age NYHA class between the two countries Patients in Sweden compared to Spanish patients:Had a higher mean physical activity levelDid more vigorous activities, like lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicyclingDid more moderate activities like carrying light loads, bicycling at a regular pace, or doubles tennis.Did less walking (walking at work and at home, walking to travel from place to place, and any other walking that might be done solely for recreation, sport, exercise, or leisure) Conclusions: Despite that most of the patients were in NYHA class II and not symptomatic even at moderate to high level of activity, one third of them had a low physical activity level in their daily life.We found differences in the kind of physical activities between Spain and Sweden, which could be due to cultural and regional differences. Specific differences and consequences need to be further explored.
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| 18. |
- Lupon, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Groundwater-stream connections shape the spatial pattern and rates of aquatic metabolism
- 2023
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In: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:2, s. 350-358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A longstanding challenge in stream ecology is to understand how landscape configuration organizes spatial patterns of ecosystem function via lateral groundwater connections. We combined laboratory bioassays and field additions of a metabolic tracer (resazurin) to test how groundwater-stream confluences, or “discrete riparian inflow points” (DRIPs), regulate heterotrophic microbial activity along a boreal stream. We hypothesized that DRIPs shape spatial patterns and rates of aquatic heterotrophic microbial activity by supplying labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) to streams. Laboratory bioassays showed that the potential influence of DRIPs on heterotrophic activity varied spatially and temporally, and was related to their DOM content and composition. At the reach scale, DRIP-stream confluences elevated the spatial heterogeneity and whole-reach rates of heterotrophic activity, especially during periods of high land–water hydrological connectivity. Collectively, our results show how the arrangement of lateral groundwater connections influence heterotrophic activity in streams with implications for watershed biogeochemical cycles.
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| 19. |
- Marcks, Nick, et al.
(author)
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Re-appraisal of the obesity paradox in heart failure : a meta-analysis of individual data
- 2021
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In: Clinical Research in Cardiology. - : Springer Nature. - 1861-0684 .- 1861-0692. ; 110:8, s. 1280-1291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with better outcome compared with normal weight in patients with HF and other chronic diseases. It remains uncertain whether the apparent protective role of obesity relates to the absence of comorbidities. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BMI on outcome in younger patients without co-morbidities as compared to older patients with co-morbidities in a large heart failure (HF) population. Methods In an individual patient data analysis from pooled cohorts, 5,819 patients with chronic HF and data available on BMI, co-morbidities and outcome were analysed. Patients were divided into four groups based on BMI (i.e. <= 18.5 kg/m(2), 18.5-25.0 kg/m(2); 25.0-30.0 kg/m(2); 30.0 kg/m(2)). Primary endpoints included all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization-free survival. Results Mean age was 65 +/- 12 years, with a majority of males (78%), ischaemic HF and HF with reduced ejection fraction. Frequency of all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization was significantly worse in the lowest two BMI groups as compared to the other two groups; however, this effect was only seen in patients older than 75 years or having at least one relevant co-morbidity, and not in younger patients with HF only. After including medications and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations into the model, the prognostic impact of BMI was largely absent even in the elderly group with co-morbidity. Conclusions The present study suggests that obesity is a marker of less advanced disease, but does not have an independent protective effect in patients with chronic HF. [GRAPHICS] .
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