| 1. |
- Agardh, Anette, et al.
(author)
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Health Risks in Same-Sex Attracted Ugandan University Students : Evidence from Two Cross-Sectional Studies
- 2016
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Widespread discrimination across much of sub-Saharan Africa against persons with same-sex sexuality, including recent attempts in Uganda to extend criminal sanctions against same-sex behavior, are likely to have profound effects on this group's health, health care access, and well-being. Yet knowledge of the prevalence of same-sex sexuality in this region is scarce. This study aimed to systematically examine prevalence of same-sex sexuality and related health risks in young Ugandan adults. We conducted two cross-sectional survey studies in south-western Uganda targeting student samples (n = 980, n = 1954) representing 80% and 72% of the entire undergraduate classes attending a university in 2005 and 2010, respectively. A questionnaire assessed items concerning same-sex sexuality (same-sex attraction/fantasies, same-sex sexual relations), mental health, substance use, experience of violence, risky sexual behavior, and sexual health counseling needs. Our findings showed that same-sex sexual attraction/fantasies and behavior were common among male and female students, with 10-25% reporting having sexual attraction/fantasies regarding persons of the same-sex, and 6-16% reporting same-sex sexual relations. Experiences of same-sex sexuality were associated with health risks, e.g. poor mental health (2010, AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.3), sexual coercion (2010, AOR 2.9; CI: 1.9-4.6), and unmet sexual health counseling needs (2010, AOR 2.2; CI: 1.4-3.3). This first study of young adults in Uganda with same-sex sexuality found high levels of health needs but poor access to health care. Effective response is likely to require major shifts in current policy, efforts to reduce stigmatization, and reorientation of health services to better meet the needs of this vulnerable group of young people.
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| 5. |
- Berg, Albin, et al.
(author)
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Probing actin-activated ATP turnover kinetics of human cardiac myosin II by single molecule fluorescence
- 2024
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In: Cytoskeleton. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1949-3584 .- 1949-3592.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mechanistic insights into myosin II energy transduction in striated muscle in health and disease would benefit from functional studies of a wide range of point-mutants. This approach is, however, hampered by the slow turnaround of myosin II expression that usually relies on adenoviruses for gene transfer. A recently developed virus-free method is more time effective but would yield too small amounts of myosin for standard biochemical analyses. However, if the fluorescent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and single molecule (sm) total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy previously used to analyze basal ATP turnover by myosin alone, can be expanded to actin-activated ATP turnover, it would appreciably reduce the required amount of myosin. To that end, we here describe zero-length cross-linking of human cardiac myosin II motor fragments (sub-fragment 1 long [S1L]) to surface-immobilized actin filaments in a configuration with maintained actin-activated ATP turnover. After optimizing the analysis of sm fluorescence events, we show that the amount of myosin produced from C2C12 cells in one 60 mm cell culture plate is sufficient to obtain both the basal myosin ATP turnover rate and the maximum actin-activated rate constant (k(cat)). Our analysis of many single binding events of fluorescent ATP to many S1L motor fragments revealed processes reflecting basal and actin-activated ATPase, but also a third exponential process consistent with non-specific ATP-binding outside the active site.
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| 6. |
- Bibic, Adnan, et al.
(author)
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Measurement of vascular water transport in human subjects using time-resolved pulsed arterial spin labelling.
- 2015
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In: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480. ; 28:8, s. 1059-1068
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most approaches to arterial spin labelling (ASL) data analysis aim to provide a quantitative measure of the cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study, however, focuses on the measurement of the transfer time of blood water through the capillaries to the parenchyma (referred to as the capillary transfer time, CTT) as an alternative parameter to characterise the haemodynamics of the system. The method employed is based on a non-compartmental model, and no measurements need to be added to a common time-resolved ASL experiment. Brownian motion of labelled spins in a potential was described by a one-dimensional general Langevin equation as the starting point, and as a Fokker-Planck differential equation for the averaged distribution of labelled spins at the end point, which takes into account the effects of flow and dispersion of labelled water by the pseudorandom nature of the microvasculature and the transcapillary permeability. Multi-inversion time (multi-TI) ASL data were acquired in 14 healthy subjects on two occasions in a test-retest design, using a pulsed ASL sequence and three-dimensional gradient and spin echo (3D-GRASE) readout. Based on an error analysis to predict the size of a region of interest (ROI) required to obtain reasonably precise parameter estimates, data were analysed in two relatively large ROIs, i.e. the occipital lobe (OC) and the insular cortex (IC). The average values of CTT in OC were 260 ± 60 ms in the first experiment and 270 ± 60 ms in the second experiment. The corresponding IC values were 460 ± 130 ms and 420 ± 139 ms, respectively. Information related to the water transfer time may be important for diagnostics and follow-up of cerebral conditions or diseases characterised by a disrupted blood-brain barrier or disturbed capillary blood flow. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Björklund, Elisabet, 1983-
(author)
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The Most Delicate Subject : A History of Sex Education Films in Sweden
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to present a history of sex education films in Sweden, from their beginnings until the late 1970s, relating the films to the changing historical context of the Swedish welfare society. Within this framework, the dissertation explores two main sets of questions. First, utilizing a contextual understanding of genre, the dissertation analyzes how the films were produced, exhibited, and censored, what position and status they had, and where the borders were understood to be to kindred types of film, such as exploitation and pornography. Second, the norms and ideas about sexuality that the films construct are explored from a social constructionist perspective and put in historical context. Apart from the films themselves, the material used consists of censorship records, archival material, and articles and reviews from the daily press and the trade press.The study demonstrates that the sex education film has always been a delicate genre, and that this delicacy is related to the medium and to the fact that cinema is part of the commercial market. The sex education film came to Sweden through imported films during the silent era and was relatively common at Swedish movie theaters from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Very quickly, it became a contested genre thought to be in need of regulation, which can be seen in the censorship procedures. For instance, until the 1950s, screenings were often restricted through gender segregation. When film censorship was liberalized in the 1960s, sex education films could show more than before, and when the films in the sexually explicit Language of Love series (1969–1972) were released, their relationship to pornography became a central point of discussion. The changing views on using film in school sex education are also examined. Here, it is shown that if film was seen as a potentially helpful tool in the 1920s and 1930s, this view had changed into a more skeptical position by the early 1970s.In the analysis of the content of the films, only Swedish examples are studied. In the first group of theatrically shown films of this kind, which appeared in the 1940s and 1950s, sexuality is represented as problematic through the themes of venereal disease and abortion. Here, casual sex is seen as immoral and abortion is condemned. At the same time, the films display how traditional and modern views on sexuality and gender were under negotiation during this period. While reproduction was the dominating perspective in school films well into the 1970s, the Language of Love films display a radically different perspective on sex, not least because of their focus on sexual pleasure. However, while the films advocate a liberal idea about sexuality according to which science leads to liberation, a focus on romantic long-term relationships can also be noted. Throughout the period, there is an emphasis on rationality and science and on a secular perspective on sex in which love is seen as more important than matrimony. In this way, the films in general reflect a strong belief in modernity and progress that was characteristic of Sweden during the welfare era.
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| 16. |
- Carlbom, Aje, et al.
(author)
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Religion och social förändring. En introduktion
- 2009
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In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - : FORSA (förbundet för forskning i socialt arbete). - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; :3-4, s. 226-233
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduktion to theme issue on religion and social change in Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift
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| 17. |
- Cereda, Maurizio, et al.
(author)
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Quantitative imaging of alveolar recruitment with hyperpolarized gas MRI during mechanical ventilation
- 2011
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In: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 110:2, s. 499-511
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the utility of He-3 MRI to noninvasively probe the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) maneuvers on alveolar recruitment and atelectasis buildup in mechanically ventilated animals. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 13) were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated in the supine position (He-4-to-O-2 ratio: 4:1; tidal volume: 10 ml/kg, 60 breaths/min, and inspiration-to-expiration ratio: 1:2). Recruitment maneuvers consisted of either a stepwise increase of PEEP to 9 cmH(2)O and back to zero end-expiratory pressure or alternating between these two PEEP levels. Diffusion MRI was performed to image He-3 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the middle coronal slices of lungs (n = 10). ADC was measured immediately before and after two recruitment maneuvers, which were separated from each other with a wait period (8-44 min). We detected a statistically significant decrease in mean ADC after each recruitment maneuver. The relative ADC change was -21.2 +/- 4.1 % after the first maneuver and -9.7 +/- 5.8 % after the second maneuver. A significant relative increase in mean ADC was observed over the wait period between the two recruitment maneuvers. The extent of this ADC buildup was time dependent, as it was significantly related to the duration of the wait period. The two postrecruitment ADC measurements were similar, suggesting that the lungs returned to the same state after the recruitment maneuvers were applied. No significant intrasubject differences in ADC were observed between the corresponding PEEP levels in two rats that underwent three repeat maneuvers. Airway pressure tracings were recorded in separate rats undergoing one PEEP maneuver (n = 3) and showed a significant relative difference in peak inspiratory pressure between pre- and poststates. These observations support the hypothesis of redistribution of alveolar gas due to recruitment of collapsed alveoli in presence of atelectasis, which was also supported by the decrease in peak inspiratory pressure after recruitment maneuvers.
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| 18. |
- Cnattingius, Sven, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish medical birth register during five decades : documentation of the content and quality of the register
- 2023
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 38:1, s. 109-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pregnancy-related factors are important for short- and long-term health in mothers and offspring. The nationwide population-based Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) was established in 1973. The present study describes the content and quality of the MBR, using original MBR data, Swedish-language and international publications based on the MBR. The MBR includes around 98% of all births in Sweden. From 1982 onwards, the MBR is based on prospectively recorded information in standardized antenatal, obstetric, and neonatal records. When the mother and infant are discharged from hospital, this information is forwarded to the MBR, which is updated annually. Maternal data include information from first antenatal visit on self-reported obstetric history, infertility, diseases, medication use, cohabitation status, smoking and snuff use, self-reported height and measured weight, allowing calculation of body mass index. Birth and neonatal data include date and time of birth, mode of delivery, singleton or multiple birth, gestational age, stillbirth, birth weight, birth length, head circumference, infant sex, Apgar scores, and maternal and infant diagnoses/procedures, including neonatal care. The overall quality of the MBR is very high, owing to the semi-automated data extraction from the standardized regional electronic health records, Sweden's universal access to antenatal care, and the possibility to compare mothers and offspring to the Total Population Register in order to identify missing records. Through the unique personal identity numbers of mothers and live-born offspring, the MBR can be linked to other health registers. The Swedish MBR contains high-quality pregnancy-related information on more than 5 million births during five decades.
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| 19. |
- Cooper, Al, et al.
(author)
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Predicting the future of Internet sex : Online sexual activities in Sweden
- 2003
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Carfax Publishing. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 18:3, s. 277-291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This is the first large-scale study of Internet sexuality conducted outside the USA. The questionnaire was administered in the Swedish language and utilized responses from one of the most popular portals (Passagen) in Sweden. Responses from 3,614 people were analysed, with a gender distribution of 55% males and 45% females. This is exactly the same percentages as found in the overall use of the Internet in Sweden (Nielsen/Net Ratings, January, 2002) and participation by females allowed for a more detailed examination of their involvement in online sexual activities. A factor analysis found that there were two major and coherent factors that accounted for over one-third of the variance for all participants. These were called 'Seeking partners', and 'Accessing erotica'. The article details several ways these factors were influenced by gender and age. These results also provided corroboration for several important patterns of OSA reported in earlier studies. Sweden might be an especially fortuitous place to do this type of research as the pervasiveness and acceptance of Internet usage is higher than in the USA, and among the highest in the world. It was postulated that these findings might provide an indication of how OSA might evolve in other societies as their populations increasingly spend time online.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Cronström, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Is good muscle function a protective factor for early signs of knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? The SHIELD cohort study protocol
- 2020
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In: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open. - : Elsevier. - 2665-9131. ; 2:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Knee injury history and increased joint load, respectively, are major risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Lower extremity muscle function, such as knee muscle strength, influence joint load and may be important for the onset of knee OA. However, the role of muscle function as a possible modifiable protective mechanism for the development of OA after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is not clear.Methods and analysis: In this prospective cohort study, 100 patients (50% women, 18-35 years) with ACLR will be recruited from Skåne University Hospital, Sweden and Oslo University Hospital, Norway. They will be assessed with a comprehensive test battery of muscle function including muscle strength, muscle activation, hop performance, and postural orientation as well as patient-reported outcomes, one year (baseline) and three years (follow-up) after ACLR. Primary predictor will be knee extension strength, primary outcome will be patient-reported knee pain (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, subscale pain) and secondary outcomes include compositional MRI (T2 mapping) and turnover of cartilage and bone biomarkers. Separate linear regression model will be used to elucidate the influence of each baseline muscle function variable on the outcomes at follow-up, adjusted for baseline values. Twenty non-injured individuals will also be assessed with MRI. This study is approved by The Regional Ethical Review Board in Lund (Sweden) and Oslo (Norway).Discussion: This study may have important clinical implications for using muscle function to screen for risk of early-onset knee OA and for optimizing exercise therapy after knee injury.
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| 22. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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An internet study of cybersex participants
- 2005
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In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer Netherlands. ; 34, s. 321-328:3, 34, s. 321-328
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 23. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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An investigation of cybersex participants
- 2004
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In: Poster presentation at the 30th International Academy of Sex Research Annual meeting in Helsinki, Finland, June 2004.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Internetforskning
- 2008
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In: I: A. Meeuwisse, H. Swärd, R. Eliasson-Lappalainen, K. Jacobsson (Red.) Forskningsmetodik för socialvetare. - Stockholm : Natur & Kultur. ; , s. 154-169, s. 154-169
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 27. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Kärlek och sexualitet på internet
- 2010
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In: I: P.O. Lundberg & L Löfgren Mårtenson (Red.) Sexologi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147015450 ; , s. 137-142
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 28. |
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| 30. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Outcomes of using the internet for sexual purposes: fulfilment of sexual desires
- 2013
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In: Sexual Health. - : CSIRO Publishing. - 1448-5028 .- 1449-8987. ; 10:1, s. 26-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The purpose of the current study was to examine the characteristics of those who report fulfilment of sexual desires as a result of internet use for sexual purposes and which sexually related online activities contribute to the fulfilment of sexual desires. Methods: Data were collected through a questionnaire posted on Swedish-language websites in 2009. The sample comprised 1614 respondents who reported using the internet for sexual purposes, 62% women and 38% men. Results: The results showed that the majority of the respondents had their sexual desires fulfilled as a result of their sexually related activities on the internet; 21% to a great extent and 59% to a small extent, but 20% did not have their sexual desires fulfilled. Using a multinomial logistic regression analysis, respondents who had their sexual desires fulfilled to a small or great extent were each compared with those who did not have their sexual desires fulfilled at all. At the level of individual characteristics and sexual behaviours, those with no fulfilment of their sexual desires did not differ from those who had their sexual desires fulfilled, with the exceptions of age and masturbation. In comparison to fulfilment to a small extent, fulfilment of sexual desires to a great extent was predicted by a larger number of sexually related online activities that were based on interaction.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the internet may contribute to fulfilment of sexual desires among a large internet population, irrespective of sex or sexual identity. - See more at: http://www.publish.csiro.au.ezproxy.ub.gu.se/paper/SH11023.htm#sthash.LDEg2PUf.dpuf
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Technological advancements and internet sexuality: Does private access to the internet influence online sexual behavior?
- 2012
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In: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2152-2715 .- 2152-2723. ; 15, s. 386-390
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics and sexual behavior online and offline were associated with private, respectively, nonprivate access to the Internet in a Web sample of people who use the Internet for sexual purposes. A total of 1,913 respondents completed an online questionnaire about Internet sexuality, and 1,614 reported using the Internet for sexual purposes. The majority of these respondents reported having access to an Internet-connected computer no one else had access to (62 percent women and 70 percent men). The results showed that it is possible to differentiate between those who have access to an Internet-connected computer no one else has access to and those who have shared access to an Internet-connected computer. Not only did they differ in demographic characteristics, but also in the sexual activities they engaged in on the Internet. Different patterns were found for women and men. For example, men who had private access to Internet-connected computers were more likely than those who had shared access to seek information about sexual issues. Thus, having access to Internet computers no one else has access to may promote sexual knowledge and health for men. The results of this study along with the technological development implies that in future research, attention should be paid to where and how people access the Internet in relation to online behavior in general and online sexual behavior in particular.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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The Internet as a source of information about sexuality
- 2012
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In: Sex Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1468-1811 .- 1472-0825. ; 12:5, s. 583-598
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To use the Internet for sex educational purposes and for sex information has been recognised by prior research as benefits of the technological development and important areas to investigate, but few empirical studies have so far been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify those who use the Internet to seek information about sexual issues and to examine the reasons for using the Internet for this purpose. A total of 1913 respondents completed an online Swedish questionnaire about Internet sexuality and the 1614 who reported using the Internet for sexual purposes were selected for analysis in the current study. More than one-half of these respondents claimed to use the Internet to seek information about sexual issues. The results showed that men and women of all ages used the Internet for this purpose, suggesting that the need for sexual education persists even in the adult years. The reasons for seeking information were primarily to get knowledge about the body, about how to have sex, and out of curiosity. Knowing who seeks information about sexuality on the Internet and the reasons why may be helpful in identifying the needs of different groups of individuals as well as tailoring the information provided, both online and offline.
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| 35. |
- Daneback, Kristian, et al.
(author)
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Use of pornography in a random sample of Norwegian heterosexual couples
- 2009
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In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0004-0002 .- 1573-2800. ; 38:5, s. 746-753
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined the use of pornography in couple relationships to enhance the sex-life. The study contained a representative sample of 398 heterosexual couples aged 22–67 years. Data collection was carried out by self-administered postal questionnaires. The majority (77%) of the couples did not report any kind of pornography use to enhance the sex-life. In 15% of the couples, both had used pornography; in 3% of the couples, only the female partner had used pornography; and, in 5% of the couples, only the male partner had used pornography for this purpose. Based on the results of a discriminant function analysis, it is suggested that couples where one or both used pornography had a more permissive erotic climate compared to the couples who did not use pornography. In couples where only one partner used pornography, we found more problems related to arousal (male) and negative (female) self-perception. These findings could be of importance for clinicians who work with couples.
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| 36. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Use of pornography in a random sample of Norweigan couples
- 2007
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In: Oral poster presentation at the 18th biennial World Congress of WAS, 1st World Congress for Sexual Health, Sydney, Australia, April 2007.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Daneback, Kristian, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Using the internet to find offline sex partners
- 2006
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In: Poster presentation at the 32nd International Academy of Sex Research Annual meeting in Amsterdam, Holland, June 2006.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 40. |
- Danebäck, Kristian, et al.
(author)
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Online Sex Shops : Purchasing Sexual Merchandise on the Internet
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Sexual Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1931-7611 .- 1931-762X. ; 23:2, s. 102-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of those who purchase sexual merchandise on the Internet, what merchandise they purchase, and the reason they use the Internet for this purpose. Data were collected through a Web questionnaire. Approximately 30% of the 1,614 respondents who reported to use the Internet for sexual purposes had purchased sexual merchandise online. The results suggested those who purchased sexual merchandise were older adults and in relationships. In addition, they had a relatively high level of sexual activity. Vibrators/dildos were the most popular items, and the primary reason given for making the purchase online was convenience.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Dreja, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Volumetric analysis of small bowel motility in an unselected cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease
- 2020
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In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 32:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Quantified terminal ileal motility during magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has been suggested to be used as a biomarker of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate this method in clinical practice. Methods: Healthy volunteers and all consecutive patients referred to MRE during a 2-year period were asked to participate and complete the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) to assess gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical records were scrutinized, and motility indices (MIs) were calculated from MR images. Key Results: Twenty-two healthy controls and 134 examinations with CD were included (inclusion rate: 76.3%). Patients with CD had increased mural thickness of the terminal ileum, increased fecal calprotectin, and more symptoms than controls. Patients with active CD had increased mural thickness of ileum and terminal ileum, higher MR activity indices, and signs of inflammation in laboratory analyses, but similar symptoms, compared with inactive disease. After exclusion of sole colon disease (n = 13), MI inversely correlated with mural thickness in terminal ileum, and MI was lower in active disease versus controls in ileum (P =.019) and terminal ileum (P =.005), and versus inactive disease in terminal ileum (P =.044). The area under the curve of MI in terminal ileum was 0.736 for active CD against healthy controls (P =.002) and 0.682 for active against inactive CD (P =.001). MIs were similar in controls and inactive CD. Conclusions and Interferences: MI reflects inflammatory activity in the intestine. Alterations in MI did not explain symptomatology in inactive CD, without measurable inflammatory parameters in morphology or laboratory analyses.
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| 43. |
- Eriksson, Per-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Novel Nano-Sized MR Contrast Agent Mediates Strong Tumor Contrast Enhancement in an Oncogene-Driven Breast Cancer Model.
- 2014
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study was carried out to test the potential of a new nanomaterial (Spago Pix) as a macromolecular magnetic MR contrast agent for tumor detection and to verify the presence of nanomaterial in tumor tissue. Spago Pix, synthesized by Spago Nanomedical AB, is a nanomaterial with a globular shape, an average hydrodynamic diameter of 5 nm, and a relaxivity (r1) of approximately 30 (mM Mn)-1 s-1 (60 MHz). The material consists of an organophosphosilane hydrogel with strongly chelated manganese (II) ions and a covalently attached PEG surface layer. In vivo MRI of the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model was performed on a 3 T clinical scanner. Tissues were thereafter analyzed for manganese and silicon content using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The presence of nanomaterial in tumor and muscle tissue was assessed using an anti-PEG monoclonal antibody. MR imaging of tumor-bearing mice (n = 7) showed a contrast enhancement factor of 1.8 (tumor versus muscle) at 30 minutes post-administration. Contrast was retained and further increased 2-4 hours after administration. ICP-AES and immunohistochemistry confirmed selective accumulation of nanomaterial in tumor tissue. A blood pharmacokinetics analysis showed that the concentration of Spago Pix gradually decreased over the first hour, which was in good agreement with the time frame in which the accumulation in tumor occurred. In summary, we demonstrate that Spago Pix selectively enhances MR tumor contrast in a clinically relevant animal model. Based on the generally higher vascular leakiness in malignant compared to benign tissue lesions, Spago Pix has the potential to significantly improve cancer diagnosis and characterization by MRI.
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| 44. |
- Folkesson, Per, 1946-
(author)
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Katastrofer och män : Explorativa undersökningar av ett komplext förhållande
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present work is a doctoral dissertation in the field of social work with a gender perspective. Three case studies with an explorative approach were conducted, with the following research questions as the point of departure: a) is there a catastrophe-related gender segregation regarding men, and b) if so, what does this segregation look like in terms of related forms and phenomena? The work has its methodological basis in grounded theory, which is designed to generate theory that is firmly grounded in empirical data. Through theoretical sampling, information regarding three catastrophes was collected – the ethnic cleansing in Srebrenica in 1995, the sinking of the Titanic in 1912, and the discothèque fire in Gothenburg 1998. The central finding of the empirical studies suggests that there was a catastrophe-related gender segregation regarding men in all three cases. This was primarily evident in the fact that men collectively organized to defeat the causes and consequences of the catastrophic events that had taken place. Women were evacuated from the scene while men were left behind, or ordered there to help combat the catastrophe. Other phenomena that proved to be related to the main phenomenon, i.e. catastrophe-related gender segregation, were, for example, polarized normative patterns regarding men that pointed toward correctness, loyalty, and maximal performance on the one hand, or incorrectness, cowardice, and treachery on the other, and also altered psychological states as part of a process of mental mobilization in preparation of catastrophe-controlling tasks. The catastrophes conditioned a redefinition of the relationship between men and women where the consistent structural priority given to men was temporarily suspended.To a great extent, men were collectively exposed to deadly risks, and in two of the three cases the actual mortality of men was very high. The findings have led to the conclusion that men are relatively expendable in the event of a catastrophe. This conclusion, which is part of a grounded theory of the relationship between catastrophes and men, is discussed in the final chapter of the dissertation in relation to existing theory regarding sex, gender, and patriarchy, and phenomena like dissociation, civilization, and safety.
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| 45. |
- Frennby, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Clearance of iohexol, chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and creatinine for determining the glomerular filtration rate in pigs with normal renal function: comparison of different clearance techniques
- 1996
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In: Academic Radiology. - 1878-4046. ; 3:8, s. 651-659
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We wanted to improve determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with plasma clearance techniques because the alternative-renal clearance techniques-may involve inaccurate urine sampling or risk of urinary tract infection when bladder catheterization becomes necessary. Therefore, we compared the renal and plasma clearances of iohexol and chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), as well as endogenous creatinine clearance, in 19 normal pigs using different techniques. METHODS: After an intravenous bolus injection of the GFR markers, 16 plasma samples were used to plot the marker concentrations versus time for 4.5 hr. Urine was collected during nine 30-min periods. Plasma clearance was calculated by dividing the dose of marker with the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) from the time of injection to infinity using one-compartment (ClAUC-slope) and three-compartment (ClAUC-3comp) models. The renal clearance was calculated by dividing the amount of marker excreted in the urine in a period with the AUC in the same period. This AUC was determined by integrating the total area in the period (Clren adv)--our reference method representing the "true" GFR--or by using the arithmetic mean of the plasma concentrations of the marker at the beginning and end of the urine collection period (Clren simple). Creatinine clearance was determined according to Clren simple. RESULTS: Renal clearances of iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA were significantly higher than creatinine clearance (P = .0002). There was no significant difference between the renal clearances of iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA or between their plasma clearances. The two mathematical methods of calculating the renal clearance of iohexol were highly correlated (rs = .99), as were the two methods of calculating its plasma clearance (rs = .95). Because of the extrarenal clearance of the markers, the plasma clearance methods for iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA always overestimated the true GFR. ClAUC-3comp was the method closest to the true GFR. For iohexol, the median overestimation of the GFR was higher with ClAUC-slope when early plasma samples (30-120 min) after injection of the marker were used (5.5 ml.min-1.10 kg-1) than when late samples (180-270 min) were used (4.0 ml.min-1.10 kg-1). After subtracting the median extrarenal clearances of iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA (previously determined in nephrectomized pigs) from their plasma clearances (ClAUC-3comp), the median overestimation of the true GFR was reduced from 2.0 to 1.1 ml.min-1.10 kg-1 with iohexol and from 2.1 to 1.3 ml.min-1.10 kg-1 with 51Cr-EDTA. CONCLUSION: GFR determination with plasma clearance techniques can be improved in three- and one-compartment models by taking late plasma samples and by subtracting the extrarenal plasma clearance of the species. One-compartment models can be improved by determining a correction formula in the species for the early parts of the decay curve of the plasma concentration of the marker
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| 46. |
- Frennby, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Extrarenal plasma clearance of iohexol, chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and inulin in anephric pigs
- 1996
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In: Academic Radiology. - 1878-4046. ; 3:2, s. 145-153
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To improve the measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), we determined the extrarenal plasma clearance of the GFR markers iohexol, chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), and inulin using 11 anephric pigs. METHODS: After an intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of the markers, the decay curves of their plasma concentrations were monitored for 29 hr by 16 plasma samples. The area under the curve (AUC; concentration of marker versus time) was calculated according to one- and three-compartment kinetics. The extrarenal clearance was calculated by dividing the dose of marker by the AUC. RESULTS: In the three-compartment model, the median of the extrarenal clearances of iohexol, 51Cr-EDTA, and inulin were 0.87 ml.min-1.10 kg-1 (range = 0.62-1.26 ml.min-1.10 kg-1), 0.79 ml.min-1.10 kg-1 (range = 0.61-1.04 ml.min-1.10 kg-1), and 0.83 ml.min-1.10 kg-1 (range = 0.65-1.17 ml.min-1.10 kg-1). The extrarenal clearance of 51Cr-EDTA was slightly lower than that of iohexol and inulin when measured with the three-compartment model (p = .015). There was no statistically significant difference between the two models of kinetics in calculating clearance of the same marker. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that subtracting the median values of the extrarenal clearance of the markers from the total plasma clearance will provide GFR values closer to the "true" GFR. This technique might prove useful in GFR calculations in patients with a very low GFR (e.g., residual GFR in patients on dialysis)
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| 47. |
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Generation P? Youth, Gender and Pornography
- 2007
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Generation P? is based on a unique and comprehensive study giving voice to the words and opinions of the young people themselves. Never before have pornography and sexualized material been so readily available and pervasive in young people's everyday life. TV programmes, advertising, and the music industry exploit and play with pornographic codes and scenarios. The sex industry launches and promotes its products via youth channels and websites. How do young people navigate through this pornographic landscape? Does the omnipresence of pornography breed curiosity or resistance? How does pornography challenge the role of parents and teachers? Generation P? provides answers to these questions and presents a unique body of new research on youth, gender and pornography. The study shows that the vast majority of young people in the Nordic countries have seen porn. But young people do not swallow the pornographic messages without resistance, and some are very critical of or actively opposed to them. It is very seldom that the voices of young people are heard in the public debate on pornography. In Generation P? focus is set on the voices, definitions and experiences with pornography of young people themselves. The book contains contributions from leading researchers from different academic fields: sociology, psychology, media research, social work and public health.
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| 48. |
- Golman, Klaes, et al.
(author)
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13C-angiography.
- 2002
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In: Academic Radiology. - 1878-4046. ; 9:Suppl 2, s. 507-510
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 49. |
- Golman, Klaes, et al.
(author)
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Cardiac metabolism measured noninvasively by hyperpolarized (13)C MRI.
- 2008
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In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1522-2594 .- 0740-3194. ; 59:5, s. 1005-1013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pyruvate is included in the energy production of the heart muscle and is metabolized into lactate, alanine, and CO(2) in equilibrium with HCO(3) (-). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using (13)C hyperpolarization enhanced MRI to monitor pyruvate metabolism in the heart during an ischemic episode. The left circumflex artery of pigs (4 months, male, 29-34 kg) was occluded for 15 or 45 min followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Pigs were examined by (13)C chemical shift imaging following intravenous injection of 1-(13)C pyruvate. (13)C chemical shift MR imaging was used in order to visualize the local concentrations of the metabolites. After a 15-min occlusion (no infarct) the bicarbonate signal level in the affected area was reduced (25-44%) compared with the normal myocardium. Alanine signal level was normal. After a 45-min occlusion (infarction) the bicarbonate signal was almost absent (0.2-11%) and the alanine signal was reduced (27-51%). Due to image-folding artifacts the data obtained for lactate were inconclusive. These studies demonstrate that cardiac metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 1-(13)C-pyruvate is feasible. The changes in concentrations of the metabolites within a minute after injection can be detected and metabolic maps constructed. Magn Reson Med 59:1005-1013, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 50. |
- Golman, Klaes, et al.
(author)
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Molecular imaging with endogenous substances
- 2003
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 100:18, s. 10435-10439
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dynamic nuclear polarization has enabled hyperpolarization of nuclei such as C-13 and N-15 in endogenous substances. The resulting high nuclear polarization makes it possible to perform subsecond C-13 MRI. By using the dynamic nuclear polarization hyperpolarization technique, 10% polarization was obtained in an aqueous solution of 100 mM C-13-labeled urea, ready for injection. The in vivo T, relaxation time of C-13 in the urea solution was determined to 20 +/- 2 s. Due to the long relaxation time, it is possible to use the hyperpolarized substance for medical imaging. A series of high-resolution (approximate to1-mm) magnetic resonance images were acquired, each with a scan time of 240 ms, 0-5 s after an i.v. injection of the hyperpolarized aqueous [C-13]urea solution in a rat. The results show that it is possible to perform C-13 angiography with a signal-to-noise ratio of approximate to275 in approximate to0.25 s. Perfusion studies with endogenous substances may allow higher spatial and/or temporal resolution than is possible with current proton imaging techniques.
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