| 1. |
- Blomberg, Per, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Längdskala i visuell programmeringsmiljö : Learning Study på mellanstadiet
- 2019
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In: Syntes 2019. - : Kommunförbundet Skåne. ; , s. 14-26
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Denna Learning study, genomförd på en mellanstadieskola i en medelstor kommun, fokuserar på kritiska aspekter som framkommer då elever lär längdskala och hur elever ges möjlighet att urskilja dessa kritiska aspekter i undervisning. Studien har avgränsats till hur skala kan introduceras och därefter vida- reutvecklas i en visuell programmeringsmiljö. Närmare bestämt betraktas dels innebörden av skrivsät- tet för längdskala, dels övergången från en- till tvådimensionell figur. Studiens huvudresultat pekarpå vikten av att noggrant introducera skala genom att koppla skrivsätten a:1 och 1:b till motsvarande bråkform a/1 och 1/b. Därigenom erbjuds elever möjligheten att erfara proportionellt tänkande och multiplikativa processer. Studien fann även att visuell programmeringsmiljö har potential att användas i undervisning för att variera och urskilja förstoring och förminskning av tvådimensionella figurer.
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| 2. |
- Thelander, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Caffeine fatalities - Do sales restrictions prevent intentional intoxications?
- 2010
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In: Clinical Toxicology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1556-3650 .- 1556-9519. ; 48:4, s. 354-358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Caffeine is widely available in beverages and in different over-the-counter products, including tablets containing 100 mg caffeine. Because intentional fatal intoxications with caffeine occur, the maximum quantity of caffeine tablets that can be bought over the counter in a single purchase was restricted from 250 to 30 in Sweden in the year 2004. The objective of this article was to study the effect of this decision on the number of fatal caffeine intoxications. Method. In Sweden 95% of all cases undergoing forensic autopsy are screened for a number of drugs including caffeine. All cases during January 1993-September 2009 with a caffeine concentration above 80 mu g/g blood were recorded. Results. During the study period toxicological investigations were performed in 83,580 forensic autopsies. Caffeine contributed to the fatal outcome in 20 cases (0.02%). Thirteen (65%) of these fatalities occurred before the introduction of the sales restriction. However, no fatal intoxications where caffeine contributed to the cause of death was recorded between May 2007 and September 2009. Conclusion. Overdoses of tablets containing caffeine can be fatal, suicides as well as accidents occur. Restricting the maximum quantity of caffeine tablets available over the counter seemed to be effective in preventing suicides because of caffeine although some time elapsed until the effect was noted. Further monitoring is required to ensure that the observed lower caffeine mortality is a sustained effect.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(author)
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Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus.
- 1999
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In: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:6, s. 653-657
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: In the Nordic countries 2 to 4% of the population squint or have been squinting. Since strabismus is one of the major causes of amblyopia early detection and treatment is important for preventing this development. For centuries it has been recognized that strabismus is hereditary. Identifying individuals with a family history of squinting could give access to a risk population for a selective screening. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1,571 children were selected for this study. All children that took part in a voluntary eye examination at one year of age (born 1978-1983) in the city of Vasteras, Sweden and that had a family history of strabismus were selected together with controls. The study was a 6-year follow-up from 1 to 7 years of age. Parental knowledge of squint among relatives and measured high hyperopia (>3.0 D) present at 1 year of age were each and in combination evaluated as a risk indicator for development of strabismus between 1 to 7 years of age. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that a family history of squint in combination with measured high hyperopia can be used in a selective screening to identify a population with an increased risk of 4 to 6 times for developing strabismus. Among the children with parental knowledge of squint among several relatives of both the parents, those with high hyperopia developed strabismus in almost every second case while this was the case in only approximately 10% of those with low hyperopia. Finally, heredity is an important risk indicator that can be used for selective screening purpose. Its potential as a risk indicator is substantially increased when combined with a high hyperopia.
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| 6. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(author)
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The occurrence of congenital cataract in western Sweden
- 1999
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In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:5, s. 578-580
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To estimate the occurrence of congenital cataract in a Nordic country. Methods: In 1980, we constructed a database in the Department of Ophthalmology Goteborg University, containing basic data from all cases in western Sweden diagnosed with congenital cataract. By collecting and processing these data from 1980 onwards, we hoped to improve the management of congenital cataract treatment and to optimize the outcome of the treatment. Results: In this study, the incidence of congenital cataract in the four western counties of Sweden was evaluated. The occurrence rate of all cases with congenital cataract during the study period was 36 cases per 100 000. The occurrence rate for dense bilateral and all unilateral cases were both 14 per 100 000 each. Conclusion: There were no time-related changes in incidence of congenital cataract from 1980 until today, although there was a large variation in the yearly incidence.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Belitsky, Y., et al.
(author)
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Late-onset glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery: Occurrence, visual acuity and risk factors: A 37-year longitudinal follow-up
- 2022
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In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of late-onset glaucoma after surgery for congenital cataract in a cohort with long-term follow-up and to evaluate visual development following the diagnosis of postoperative glaucoma in comparison with no glaucoma development. Methods All children born between 1980 and 1997 in the western counties of Sweden who had undergone congenital cataract surgery were included (patients n = 77, eyes n = 122). Cataract was considered congenital if there was no proof of clear lens at birth. Medical records were reviewed with regard to onset of glaucoma, age at surgery, surgical technique, coexisting eye anomalies and changes in visual acuity. Glaucoma was considered late onset if occurring after 1 year following surgery. Results Total glaucoma prevalence was 14.8%, including late (10.7%) and early onset (4.1%), with a mean follow-up of 23.2 +/- 6.6 years. Microphthalmos was a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma (RR 7.75, p < 0.001). Bilaterally treated eyes had a mean visual acuity of 0.43 +/- 0.33 (decimal value) at the last follow-up. With glaucoma, mean visual acuity was 0.19 +/- 0.17 (decimal value). Treated eyes of patients with unilateral cataract surgery had a lower visual acuity. Conclusions Life-long follow-up of all patients who have undergone surgery for congenital cataract in childhood is recommended. Annual check-ups of adults, including measurements of IOP and visual acuity, are recommended for patients with microphthalmos and/or who had surgery <3 months of age.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Astrid, et al.
(author)
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The cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor contributes to all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of colon cancer cells
- 2013
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In: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent pro-inflammatory mediators that are increased in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Individuals with IBDs have enhanced susceptibility to colon carcinogenesis. In colorectal cancer, the balance between the pro-mitogenic cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor (CysLT(1)R) and the differentiation-promoting cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor (CysLT(2)R) is lost. Further, our previous data indicate that patients with high CysLT(1)R and low CysLT(2)R expression have a poor prognosis. In this study, we examined whether the balance between CysLT(1)R and CysLT(2)R could be restored by treatment with the cancer chemopreventive agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Methods: To determine the effect of ATRA on CysLT(2)R promoter activation, mRNA level, and protein level, we performed luciferase gene reporter assays, real-time polymerase chain reactions, and Western blots in colon cancer cell lines under various conditions. Results: ATRA treatment induces CysLT(2)R mRNA and protein expression without affecting CysLT(1)R levels. Experiments using siRNA and mutant cell lines indicate that the up-regulation is retinoic acid receptor (RAR) dependent. Interestingly, ATRA also up-regulates mRNA expression of leukotriene C-4 synthase, the enzyme responsible for the production of the ligand for CysLT(2)R. Importantly, ATRA-induced differentiation of colorectal cancer cells as shown by increased expression of MUC-2 and production of alkaline phosphatase, both of which could be reduced by a CysLT(2)R-specific inhibitor. Conclusions: This study identifies a novel mechanism of action for ATRA in colorectal cancer cell differentiation and demonstrates that retinoids can have anti-tumorigenic effects through their action on the cysteinyl leukotriene pathway.
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| 10. |
- Devenney, Irene, et al.
(author)
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A new model for low-dose food challenge in children with allergy to milk or egg.
- 2006
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In: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:9, s. 1133-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, and Paediatric Clinic, County Hospital Ryhov, Fonköping, Sweden. irene.devenney@lio.seBACKGROUND: Atopic eczema and food allergy are common in early childhood. Children seem to gradually develop tolerance to milk and egg, and it is a relief for families when their child can tolerate small amounts of these basic foods, even if larger doses may still cause symptoms. AIM: To develop a model for low-dose oral food challenge, facilitating re-/introduction of milk or egg. METHODS: In 39 children sensitized to milk and/or egg, we performed 52 challenges using a new standardized model for low-dose oral food challenge. The recipes were validated for blinding with sensorial tests. RESULTS: Four children challenged to milk had a positive challenge outcome. There were no significant differences with respect to family history, associated atopic manifestations, nutritional supply, eczema severity, or skin-prick test compared with the non-reacting children, but total and specific IgE values were significantly higher. All but two of the non-reacting children were able to introduce milk and egg into their diet without problems. CONCLUSION: We report recipes and a protocol to be used for standardized open and double-blind placebo-controlled low-dose food challenge in young children, enabling the introduction of small amounts of egg and milk into the diet during tolerance development.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Devenney, Irene, et al.
(author)
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Urinary nitric oxide excretion in infants with eczema
- 2010
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In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 21:1, s. e229-e234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eczema is characterized by inflammation of the skin and is commonly associated with food allergy. It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) is an important player in eczema, food allergy and intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of urinary NO breakdown products in infants with eczema and the effect of eczema treatment on NO levels. Ninety-four infants with eczema, 58 boys and 36 girls, with a mean age of 7.5 ± 5.2 months (mean ± s.d.) at inclusion were examined twice with an interval of 6 wk. The sum of nitrite and nitrate was measured colorimetrically in urinary samples from both visits and compared with clinical data concerning eczema severity, nutrition, gastrointestinal symptoms, asthma and skin prick positivity. The levels of NO products increased significantly from the first to the second visit: 289; 374 μm (median; IQR) vs. 457; 678 μm (median; IQR) (p < 0.001) in parallel with a significant improvement of the eczema. After eczema treatment consisting of skin care and elimination diet during the 6-wk interval between evaluations, the NO levels approached the values previously found in healthy children. The results support previous studies indicating that the homeostasis of nitrogen radicals is disturbed in childhood eczema.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ekbäck, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Severe Eczema in Infancy Can Predict Asthma Development. A Prospective Study to the Age of 10 Years
- 2014
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e99609-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Children with atopic eczema in infancy often develop allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, but the term "atopic march has been questioned as the relations between atopic disorders seem more complicated than one condition progressing into another. Objective: In this prospective multicenter study we followed children with eczema from infancy to the age of 10 years focusing on sensitization to allergens, severity of eczema and development of allergic airway symptoms at 4.5 and 10 years of age. Methods: On inclusion, 123 children were examined. Hanifin-Rajka criteria and SCORAD index were used to describe the eczema. Episodes of wheezing were registered, skin prick tests and IgE tests were conducted and questionnaires were filled out. Procedures were repeated at 4.5 and 10 years of age with additional examinations for ARC and asthma. Results: 94 out of 123 completed the entire study. High SCORAD points on inclusion were correlated with the risk of developing ARC, (B = 9.86, P = 0.01) and asthma, (B = 10.17, P = 0.01). For infants with eczema and wheezing at the first visit, the OR for developing asthma was 4.05(P = 0.01). ARC at 4.5 years of age resulted in an OR of 11.28(P = 0.00) for asthma development at 10 years. Conclusion: This study indicates that infant eczema with high SCORAD points is associated with an increased risk of asthma at 10 years of age. Children with eczema and wheezing episodes during infancy are more likely to develop asthma than are infants with eczema alone. Eczema in infancy combined with early onset of ARC seems to indicate a more severe allergic disease, which often leads to asthma development. The progression from eczema in infancy to ARC at an early age and asthma later in childhood shown in this study supports the relevance of the term "atopic march, at least in more severe allergic disease.
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| 16. |
- Genfors, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Preventive herd management practices and their effect on lamb mortality in Ethiopia
- 2023
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In: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- According to previous studies, lamb mortality is high in the Ethiopian highlands. The present study aims to evaluate the execution of preventive sheep herd health management practices with respect to if, and how, such practices are linked to occurrence of lamb mortality. Interviews were performed with 74 sheep-owning households participating in a capacity development program on livestock and 69 households not participating in such program. To evaluate the impact of combinations of performed practices, a scoring system was developed-the households retrieved a higher score the more desired routines were accomplished. To identify which practices had the highest impact on lamb mortality, a similar score was calculated for each phase of the sheep reproductive year, creating sub-scores for each phase. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) negative correlation between the total number of performed practices and occurrence of lamb mortality, indicating a lower occurrence of lamb mortality the more desired practices implemented. Further analysis of sub-scores showed significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between a higher number of performed desired practices during gestation period and during lambing. Conclusively, the study indicates that preventive herd management routines are beneficial for lamb survival, foremost when enforced during the gestation period and around lambing-hence, this is where to focus future interventions.
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| 17. |
- Grundström, Gunilla, 1968-
(author)
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Functional Studies of Collagen-Binding Integrins α2β1 and α11β1 : Interplay between Integrins and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptors
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors, composed of an α- and a β-subunit, which mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Integrins mediate intracellular signals in response to extracellular stimuli, and cooperate with growth factor and other cytokine receptors. Cells execute their differentiated functions anchored to an ECM. In this thesis functional properties of the two collagen-binding integrins α2β1 and α11β1 were studied. In addition, the impact of β1 cytoplasmic tyrosines in collagen-induced signalling was analyzed.The integrin α11β1 is the latest identified collagen-binding integrin. In this study, tissue distribution of α11 mRNA and protein during embryonal development was explored, and the first α11β1-mediated cellular functions were established. Both α11 protein and mRNA were present in mesenchymal cells in intervertebral discs and around the cartilage of the developing skeleton. α11 protein was also detected in cornea keratinocytes. α11β1 mediated cation-dependent adhesion to collagen types I and IV and localized to focal adhesions. In addition, α11β1 mediated contraction of a collagen lattice and supported cell migration through a collagen substrate. PDGF-BB and FBS both stimulated α11β1-mediated contraction and directed migration.Expression of β1Y783,795F in β1-null cells, prevents activation of FAK in response to fibronectin, and decreases cell migration. In this study, we investigated how this mutation affected α2β1-mediated functions in response to collagen. The β1 mutation impaired collagen gel contraction and prevented activation of FAK, Cas and Src on planar collagen, but not in collagen gels. PDGF-BB stimulated contraction via αvβ3, which also induced activation of Cas in collagen gels. The YY-FF mutation also abolished β1A-dependent downregulation of β3.In the final study integrin-crosstalk during collagen gel contraction was investigated. In cells lacking collagen-binding integrins αvβ3 mediated contraction. Clustering of β1-integrins by antibodies and PDGF-BB stimulated αvβ3-mediated contraction in an ERK-dependent way. Expression of α2β1, but not α11β1, prevented αvβ3-mediated contraction. Contraction by α2β1 and α11β1 was ERK-independent.
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| 18. |
- Gyllén, Jenny, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Important sources of information to support self-management for families of children with pediatric cataracts – based on PECARE Sweden/Sahlgrenska University Hospital
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Ophthalmic Practice. - : Mark Allen Group. - 2044-5504 .- 2052-2851. ; 6:1, s. 23-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study was to improve treatment concordance by investigating important sources of information on self-management for families of children with pediatric cataracts, from the perspective of parents and ophthalmologists. Methods This mixed-method study involved a deductive approach using a questionnaire administered to 69 families of children operated on and registered with the Swedish Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE Sweden) in southern Sweden, as well as 30 pediatric ophthalmologists who monitored the patients upon their return to the local health care facility. An inductive approach was applied using analysis of open-ended questions about self-management. Both groups were asked about their perception of the value of strategies for providing information, and the timing of this. Results The response rate was 68% for families and 93% for ophthalmologists. Both groups agreed that ophthalmology visits were the most important source of information, followed by information in writing and online. Parents of children diagnosed before the age of 3 months were more likely to prefer written information. Content analysis revealed that a person-centred care is important. Conclusion Parents, particularly of the youngest children, requested more and directed information. By promoting self-management, a person-centred care may play a decisive role in treatment outcome.
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| 19. |
- Gyllén, Jenny, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Parents' Reported Experiences When Having a Child with Cataract-Important Aspects of Self-Management Obtained from the Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE)
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 17:17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Parents are a crucial part in the care of children with pediatric cataract. The aim of this study was to explore and explain sense of coherence, family self-efficacy, perceived social support, fatigue and parent reported experiences (PREM), in order to improve clinical care. Questionnaires were sent to the parents of children registered in the Swedish national Pediatric Cataract Register, PECARE, from 2006-2019 (n= 506). The response rate was 46% (n= 231), 185 mothers and 44 fathers with a mean age of 40.39 years (SD +/- 6.41 years). In total, 38% of the parents reported severe fatigue, and mothers were more burdened than fathers. Sense of coherence was strongly related to fatigue, especially among parents of children with bilateral cataract. Mental fatigue and reduced motivation explained 45% of the variation in sense of coherence. Being taken seriously by the ophthalmological clinic explained over 60% of the variation in satisfaction with care when controlled for parents' age and gender. In conclusion, fatigue is important to take in consideration when interacting with parents of children with cataract, especially those with bilateral cataract. Being taken seriously is the key marker of satisfaction with care and support from professionals. In addition to fatigue, the parents' age and life situation affect how they perceive their own, as well as the professionals' effort, and should be considered when tailoring family-centered care.
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| 20. |
- Gyllén, Jenny, 1968, et al.
(author)
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The Core of Parents’ Main Concerns When Having a Child With Cataract and Its Clinical Implications
- 2019
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In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-5963 .- 1532-8449. ; 44, s. 45-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the main concerns associated with being a parent of a child with cataract and how the parents deal with these concerns. Design and method: Twenty-three parents; 6 mothers, 5 fathers and 6 couples with a child with cataract were included in this study. The parents included some with a personal experience of cataract and some without. Data was collected through 17 in-depth interviews, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis by the method of Grounded Theory developed by Charmaz. Results: The Grounded Theory describes the parents’ efforts to balance the child's inability and ability in order to maintain their social functioning and lead a normal life through a process comprising four main categories; Mastering, Collaborating, Facilitating, and Adapting. This process makes the path of transition evident, starting when the child is diagnosed and continuing for several years during her/his growth and development. Conclusion: The core of parent-child interaction is mastering the balance between the child's disability and ability in order to achieve the best possible outcome, visually and habitually. The interactions changes through a process towards adjustment and acceptance. All the parents emphasized that you do what you have to do to achieve a successful visual outcome of the child. Clinical implications: The model provides a comprehensive understanding of parental self-management that can be used by a case manager, preferable a nurse, to pilot the parents through the process.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Gyllén, Jenny, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Uncertainty and self-efficacy in parents of a child with congenital cataract-New implications for clinical practice
- 2019
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In: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 6:3, s. 799-807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim The aim was an in-depth exploration of uncertainty and self-efficacy among parents of a child with congenital cataract by means of two theoretical frameworks to re-design family care. Design A directed content analysis in accordance with Hsieh & Shannon, using Mishel's theory of uncertainty and Bandura's self-efficacy theory. Methods Open-ended, in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 parents of a child with congenital cataract; six mothers, five fathers and six couples. Results In this novel study, self-efficacy was interpreted as the ability to balance between uncertainty and acceptance. The performance accomplishment of the child and parents bridges the gap between uncertainty and acceptance by reducing uncertainty, thus constituting the level of self-efficacy. Setbacks and complications increase uncertainty and reduce self-efficacy, thus performance accomplishment is a mediator of self-efficacy, while ability to master uncertainty determines the level of self-efficacy.
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| 23. |
- Göransson, Kerstin, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Professionalism, governance and inclusive education – A total population study of Swedish special needs educators
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Inclusive Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-3116 .- 1464-5173. ; 23:9, s. 559-574
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prior research shows that special needs educators (SNEs) have had problems defining their occupational roles and jurisdiction, particularly regarding inclusive education. There are two occupational groups of SNEs in Sweden, namely special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs) and special education teachers. In this paper, we use the collective name SNEs to refer to both groups. Here, results from a total population study of Swedish SNEs are presented (N = 3367, response rate 75%). The aim is to explore differences in SNEs’ interpretation of school difficulties and if these differences are influenced by SNEs’ employment in different parts of the school organisation. Statistical cluster-analysis was used to categorise SNEs into five distinct groups based on how they view the problems of pupils in school difficulties. Key concepts employed in the analysis are, primarily organisational vs occupational governance in relation to professional jurisdiction. Findings suggest that SNEs are less unanimous in their views of school problems, than prior research indicates. The variance is partly due to where they work in the school organisation, but we also find indications that different groups of SNEs experience different forms of governance with regard to their professionalism. The results are important due to the scope of the data and method of analysis as well as the illustrated variance of professional values and situations of SNEs and the potential consequences for the development of inclusive education.
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| 24. |
- Göransson, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Speciella yrken? Specialpedagogers och speciallärares arbete och utbildning : En enkätstudie
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Forskningsprojektet ”Speciella yrken? Ett projekt om speciallärares och specialpedagogers arbete och utbildning” är finansierat av Vetenskapsrådet. I den här rapporten redovisas resultat från delprojekt 1. Syftet med rapporten är att ge en övergripande och representativ bild av specialpedagogers och speciallärares yrkesroll. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av data från en enkätundersökning som omfattar alla som tagit specialpedagog- eller speciallärarexamen från och med 2001 års examensordning (4252 personer, svarsfrekvens 75%). I rapporten redovisas vilka kunskaper och värderingar yrkesgrupperna bedömer att deras utbildning har resulterat i, vilka arbetsuppgifter de menar kännetecknar deras praktiserande av yrkesrollen, och även vilka förutsättningar yrkesgrupperna har att hävda en specifik expertis vad gäller att identifiera och arbeta med skolproblem. Rapporten riktar sig i främsta hand till praktiskt verksamma inom skolverksamheten på olika nivåer, lärarutbildare och blivande specialpedagoger och speciallärare.
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| 25. |
- Haargaard, Birgitte, et al.
(author)
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The Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE): analysis of age at detection of congenital cataract
- 2015
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In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 93:1, s. 24-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To analyse and discuss screening for the detection of congenital cataract in two Nordic countries, Denmark and Sweden. Methods: Until 2011, in Denmark, no guideline concerning screening for congenital cataract existed. Since 2011, Danish guidelines regarding eye examination include examination with a pencil light at age 5 weeks, whereas newborn red reflex examination using a handheld ophthalmoscope is routine protocol in Swedish maternity wards. Data regarding age of referral were derived from the Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE). All children operated on before 1 year of age between January 2008 and December 2012 were included. Statistical comparison of the different screening strategies was made. Results: The number of children undergoing surgery for congenital cataract before 1 year of age was 31 (17 bilateral cases) in Denmark and 92 (38 bilateral cases) in Sweden. The proportion was 14 per 100.000 children in Denmark and 16 in Sweden (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between Denmark and Sweden in the percentage of children referred within 42 days of birth (p < 0.0001) and within 100 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Due to the screening procedure with red reflex examination, congenital cataract in Swedish children is detected significantly earlier than in Danish children.
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| 26. |
- Hallberg, Gunilla
(author)
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Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Hormones on the Female Breast : With Special Reference to the Expression of Proteoglycans
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis aims to study the effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones and mammographic breast density (BD) on cellular markers in non-cancerous female breast tissue. Women on the waiting list for breast reduction plastic surgery were recruited (n = 79), and randomized to 2 months of hormone therapy or no therapy before surgery. The women had a mammogram and a needle biopsy 2 months before surgery and tissue samples were obtained at the operation. In premenopausal women, estrogen receptor (ER)α levels were associated with age (p = 0.0002), were similar in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and were higher in parous than in nulliparous women (p = 0.009). Current smokers had lower PR levels than non-smokers (p = 0.019). Women on oral contraception had lower ERα (p = 0.048) and PR (p = 0.007) levels than women in the follicular phase. The ERα levels did not differ significantly between postmenopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestogen users, but PR levels were lower among estrogen-progestogen users (p = 0.03). We found lower expression of the genes for decorin and syndecans 1 and 4 in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase, among parous women. Protein levels of the androgen receptor, syndecan-4 and decorin was lower in premenopausal women who were using oral contraceptives (OC) than in those in the follicular phase (p = 0.002 - 0.02), whereas no significant differences between OC use and the luteal phase were found. In premenopausal women, BD was negatively associated with age and body mass index but was similar for the menstrual phases. Breast density was associated with genetic expression of the androgen receptor and remained significant after adjustment for age (rs = 0.56; p = 0.04). After adjustement for age, breast density was also marginally associated with expression of the caspase 3 gene (0.55; 0.053). However, protein levels of caspase 3 was negatively associated (-0.61; 0.03).
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| 27. |
- Hallberg, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Effects of pre-and postmenopausal use of exogenous hormones on receptor content in normal human breast tissue: A randomized study
- 2008
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In: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 24:8, s. 475-480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To examine the effects of exposure to endogenous and exogenous hormones on estrogen receptor- (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels in normal human breast tissue. Methods. In a randomized study of women scheduled for mammary reduction plasty (n = 81), ER and PR content in breast parenchyma was analyzed in premenopausal (n = 49) and postmenopausal (n = 16) women. Premenopausal women were randomized to surgery in the follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or after oral contraceptive treatment for 2 months. Postmenopausal women were randomized to sequential or estrogen-only therapy for 2 months prior to surgery. Results. ER content was higher in parous than in nulliparous (p = 0.009) premenopausal women and displayed a positive association with age (rs = 0.51, p = 0.0002). Compared with premenopausal women in the follicular phase, postmenopausal women had higher ER content (p = 0.040) whereas premenopausal women on oral contraception had lower ER (p = 0.048) and PR (p = 0.007) content. Smokers had lower PR content than non-smokers (p = 0.02). Conclusion. In the present study ER content was higher in parous than in non-parous women and associated with premenopausal age. Short-term oral contraceptives yielded lower ER and PR contents. Postmenopausal estrogen/progestogen combined therapy yielded lower PR content than estrogen-only therapy.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Huber, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Geographic Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Pigs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-1769. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Thailand, pig production has increased considerably in the last decades to meet a growing demand for pork. Antimicrobials are used routinely in intensive pig production to treat infections and increase productivity. However, the use of antimicrobials also contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance with potential consequences for animal and human health. Here, we quantify the association between antimicrobial use and resistance rates in extensive and intensive farms with a focus on geographic proximity between farm and drugstores. Of the 164 enrolled farms, 79% reported using antimicrobials for disease prevention, treatment, or as a feed additive. Antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were present in 63% of farms. These drugs included critically important antimicrobials, such as quinolones and penicillins. Medium-scale farms with intensive animal production practices showed higher resistance rates than small-scale farms with extensive practices. Farms with drug-resistant Escherichia coli were located closer to drugstores and a had a higher proportion of disease than farms without drug-resistant E. coli. We found no association between the presence of resistance in humans and antimicrobial use in pigs. Our findings call for actions to improve herd health to reduce the need for antimicrobials and systematic training of veterinarians and drugstore owners on judicious use of antimicrobials in animals to mitigate resistance.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Jönsson, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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Situated research and design for everyday life
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper elaborates theoretical and methodological aspects of design processes in a disability context and aims to relate them to other sciences. It particularly emphasizes situated aspects of research: the need for being there, with the users in their
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| 32. |
- Jönsson, Bodil, et al.
(author)
-
Situated research and design for everyday life
- 2005
-
In: Proceedings of Nordes, Nordic Design Research.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents examples of different aspects of design in a disability context with the aim of revealing some of its fundamentals. It particularly emphasizes situated aspects of research: the need for being there, with the users in their daily lives – where the action is.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Lunha, Kamonwan, et al.
(author)
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli from Humans and Pigs at Farms at Different Levels of Intensification
- 2020
-
In: Antibiotics. - : MDPI. - 2079-6382. ; 9:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The overall aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that (i) antibiotic resistance in bacteria were more frequent in clinically health pigs in intensified company owned, medium-scale farms (MSFs) (100-500 sows) than in pigs in family-owned, small-scale farms (SSFs) (1-50 sows) and (ii) that farmers working at the MSFs were more prone to attain antibiotic resistant bacteria than farmers working at SSFs. The study was conducted in North-Eastern Thailand, comprising fecal Escherichia coli isolates from pigs, farmers working with the pigs (contact humans) and persons living in the same household as the farmer (non-contact humans) at 51 MSFs and 113 SSFs. Samples from all farms were also screened for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was not detected in pig samples, but was found in one human sample. Susceptibility was tested by disc-diffusion for seven antibiotics commonly used in the study area. Resistance in pig isolates from MSFs were more frequent for chloramphenicol which (P < 0.001), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P < 0.001) and gentamicin (P < 0.05) compared with isolates from SSFs, whereas the opposite was true for tetracycline (P < 0.01). Resistance in the human isolates was lower than those in the isolates from pigs for tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol (P < 0.001). The frequency of resistance in the contact human samples from SSFs and MSFs did not differ. There was no difference between isolates from contact and non-contact humans for any of the tested antibiotics. Multidrug resistance in isolates from pigs was 26%, significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the 13% from humans. The data indicate that (i) resistance to antibiotics, including those critical and highly important for human medicine, were more common in fecal E. coli from pigs at the MSFs than at the SSFs, whereas (ii) the resistance in fecal E. coli from pig farmers seemed not to be influenced by the level of intensification of the farm they were working at.
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| 37. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Changes in visual acuity from 4 to 12 years of age in children operated for bilateral congenital cataracts.
- 2002
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In: The British journal of ophthalmology. - 0007-1161. ; 86:12, s. 1385-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: To investigate the long term effects of age at surgery on the development of visual acuity (VA) by measuring VA from preschool age to puberty. Furthermore, to report the VA levels at 12 years of age in a geographically based cohort of operated congenital bilateral cataracts. METHODS: All children born in four western counties of Sweden between January 1980 and December 1993 who were diagnosed with congenital cataracts were included in a longitudinal prospective study. The monocular VA of the better eye in 38 subjects was analysed at 4, 7, 10, and 12 years of age, with 20 total and 18 partial cataracts. The mean follow up time was 9.3 years after surgery. RESULTS: The final value of VA was 0.4 or above for approximately 50% of the subjects at 12 years of age. Visual acuity improved to a considerable extent after school age, especially in children who underwent surgery between the ages of 7 weeks and 1 year. Results for partial cataracts were favourable compared to those for total cataracts, reaching a mean of approximately 0.5 at age 12. The mean VA in the group of total congenital cataracts operated on before 7 weeks of age achieved higher values of VA at 4 years of age compared to children with total cataracts operated on between 7 weeks and 1 year of age. However, no statistically significant difference in VA results among these groups could be proved. CONCLUSION: Visual acuity improves to a considerable extent after school age in children with delayed visual development caused by congenital cataracts. Surgery within 7 weeks results in a more rapid development of VA, initially.
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| 38. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Congenital cataract screening in maternity wards is effective: evaluation of the Paediatric Cataract Register of Sweden
- 2013
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In: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 102:3, s. 263-267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim To study which eye-screening protocol prevails in Swedish maternity/neonatal wards, evaluate efficacy in a prospective study and compare results with earlier Swedish retrospective results. Methods Surveys were sent in 2006 to maternity/neonatal and women's health departments regarding screening policy. Response frequency was 96% (122/127). Data were derived from the Paediatric Cataract Register (PECARE), Sweden. All Swedish children diagnosed with congenital cataract and operated on before 1year of age between January 2007 and December 2009 were included. Statistical comparison with earlier retrospective results was performed. Results Eye screening is a routine protocol at a rate of 90% of Swedish maternity wards. Sixty-one children were included in the study. An increase was shown in case referrals from maternity wards compared to 10years ago (64% vs. 50%). Detection was performed within 6weeks of age in 75% of the cases. A significant difference between the probabilities of early referral (0.38; p<0.001, < 6weeks of age) and early surgery (0.36; p<0.001) (PECARE) was found in comparison with the historical data of no maternity-ward screening. Well-baby clinics were instrumental in early detection, as well. Conclusion Eye screening in maternity wards is effective. Clear Swedish directives are to be preferred.
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| 39. |
- Magnússon, Gunnlaugur, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Contextualizing inclusive education in educatinal policy : the case of Sweden
- 2019
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In: Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2002-0317. ; 5:2, s. 67-77
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we regard inclusive education as a policy phenomenon that contains a range of ideas about the purpose of education, the content of education and the organization of education. As a political ideal expressed in policy, inclusive education competes with other political ideals regarding education, for instance economic discourses that prioritize effectivity and attainment as educational goals. Thus, inclusive education has to be realized in contexts where available options for action are restricted by several and often contradictory educational policies on different levels of the education system. We argue that while research and debate about inclusive education are important, both are insufficient without analyses of the context of national educational policy. Any interpretation of inclusive education is necessarily situated in a general education policy, and measures of what ‘inclusive schools’ are dependent upon for instance, political interpretation(s) of inclusive education, resource allocation and political discourse on both local and national educational level. Here, we will provide support for this argument through presentation of both research on inclusive education, an alignment of prior analyses of Swedish national education policies and our own analyses of government statements.
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| 40. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of screening procedures for congenital cataracts.
- 2003
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 92:12, s. 1468-73
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of two different Swedish screening procedures for early detection of congenital cataracts in comparison with no screening. METHODS: Children born between January 1992 and December 1998 in Swedish regions with an established eye-screening routine procedure, diagnosed with congenital cataract, and operated on before 1 y of age, were included in a retrospective study. Age at referral and age at time of the operation were compared between regions using different screening procedures: screening in the maternity wards (Region 1), at the well-baby clinics (Region 2) and one region without any screening (Region 3). RESULTS: Seventy-two children were included in the study. Concerning early diagnosis and surgery, Region 1 differed significantly from Regions 2 and 3, which were more similar and were combined for further analysis. The difference in detected cases was greatest at 21 d of age (55% vs 18%; p < 0.001), but persisted even at 100 d of age (78% vs 64%; p < 0.02). Region 1 screening resulted in more and earlier cases detected than the other two regions (22 vs 15 per 100,000 births). In 72% of all cases, surgery was performed in response to referrals from either the maternity wards (36%), or the well-baby clinics (36%). However, half of the cases from the well-baby clinics were detected too late, i.e. at > 100 d. CONCLUSION: Eye screening in the maternity ward is preferable to well-baby clinic screening and to no screening at all, since it leads to early detection. Screening should also be performed routinely at well-baby clinics within the period when successful treatment is possible.
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| 41. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery: an 18-year longitudinal follow-up.
- 2000
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In: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - 1395-3907. ; 78:1, s. 65-70
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To report the occurrence of postoperative glaucoma and to evaluate risk factors. METHODS: Children born in four of the western counties of Sweden who were diagnosed with congenital cataracts formed a cohort (n=137). The following parameters were evaluated: age at cataract surgery; type of surgery; visual outcome; postoperative IOP; optic disc abnormalities; date of onset of the complication; number of reoperations, including treatment for secondary cataract; presence of systemic anomalies; microphthalmus; and eye-related anomalies. RESULTS: A diagnosis of glaucoma was recorded for 12% of the eyes. The mean follow-up time was 9.6 years. There is a relationship between surgery before the age of 10 days and development of glaucoma. Microphthalmus is an important risk factor as well. CONCLUSIONS: Despite modern surgical techniques the incidence of aphakic glaucoma is 10% or higher. No time-dependent increase in the incidence of late-onset glaucoma between the 1980s and the 1990s could be proven.
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| 42. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla
(author)
-
Interview with Per Söderberg
- 2011
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In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 89:3, s. 303-304
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 43. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968
(author)
-
On the necessity of screening and national registration of congenital cataracts
- 2004
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objectives: The overall aim of this thesis was to contribute to improvements in the management of congenital cataract by defining the most efficient screening procedure, examining the magnitude of the morbidity rate, optimizing the timing of surgery by relating surgical outcome to age at intervention and severity of visual deprivation and furthermore by evaluating costs versus consequences of introducing the most efficient screening procedure found, on a national basis.Methods: Paper I: 72 children born between 1992 and 1998 in the Stockholm County Council region, Västra Götaland and Halland county, Linköping-Motala, Malmö, and Lund, who had surgery for congenital cataract before the age of one year were included in a retrospective study. Papers II to IV: A total of 160 children with a diagnosis of congenital cataract born between January 1980 and December 1999 in Västra Götaland and Halland county, Sweden, were included in a longitudinal prospective study. Paper V: Two scenarios were created, representing combined maternity ward/ well-baby clinic screening and well-baby clinic screening, solely, based on data of Papers I to IV. These scenarios were compared regarding health care costs, visual acuity development and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Results: Eye screening at the maternity ward is preferable to well-baby clinic screening and to no screening at all, since it leads to early detection. Screening should also be made routine performance at well-baby clinics within the period where successful treatment is possible. The occurrence rate of congenital cataract in western Sweden was 36 cases per 100,000 births. The final value of visual acuity (VA) was 0.4 or above for approximately 50 % in the group of total bilateral congenital cataracts at 12 years of age. Children operated on before 7 weeks of age achieved higher values of VA at 4 years of age compared to children operated on between 7 weeks and one year of age. However, no statistically significant difference in VA results among these groups could be proven. Visual acuity improves to a considerable extent after school age in children with delayed visual development caused by congenital cataracts. Surgery within 7 weeks results in a more rapid development of VA, initially.Despite modern surgical techniques, the incidence of aphakic glaucoma is 10% or higher. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) developed in 31% of the operated eyes. Risk factors for development of postoperative glaucoma were young age at surgery (<10 days), and microphthalmus. Bearing in mind the relationship between very early surgery and development of glaucoma, it may be reasonable to avoid surgery during the first weeks of life. Unlike unilateral cataracts, there is a possibility that the influence of age at surgery in bilateral cataracts is limited during the first period of life.The cost-effectiveness ratio was 234,000 SEK/QALY representing the maternity ward/well-baby clinic screening scenario. This screening routine is cost-effective and found to be within acceptable levels of cost/QALY when compared with other widely accepted therapies across diverse medical specialties.Further evaluations require larger cohorts due to the low incidence of congenital cataracts and the numerous covarying factors. A national congenital cataract register, which will be launched in early 2004, will make it possible to investigate data prospectively and retest the results regarding issues of the present thesis, as well as other important questions.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
The Paediatric Cataract Register (PECARE): an overview of operated childhood cataract in Sweden and Denmark
- 2018
-
In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 96:1, s. 51-55
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To report basic epidemiological data concerning surgically treated childhood cataract in Sweden and Denmark. Methods: Data were derived from the Paediatric Cataract Register (PECARE), a binational, web-based surgical register representing Sweden and Denmark. All children operated before 8years of age between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2013 were included. Age-specific prevalence per 100000 population was calculated. Results: A total 574 operations in 213 boys (51.7%) and 199 girls (48.3%), altogether 412 children, were registered, the vast majority (n=395/412; 95.9%) being individuals with congenital/infantile cataract. Of these 412, a total of 294 (147 boys and 147 girls) were Swedish and 118 (66 boys and 52 girls) were Danish. The age-specific prevalence of operated cataract in Sweden was 31/100 000 and in Denmark 28/100 000. In 454 of 574 eyes (79.1%), the cataract was dense. Altogether, 266 of 574 (46.3%) were operated during the first year of life, 193 during the first 12weeks representing 33.6% of all operations. A primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was done in altogether 411 of 574 eyes (71,6%). In total, 210 unilateral cataract operations (210/574; 36.6%) were performed. Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) was present in 64 of 193 (33.1%) of those with a congenital unilateral cataract. In 84 individuals (84/395; 21.3%) with congenital or infantile cataract, a coexisting disorder was found. Conclusion: The age-specific binational prevalence of operated congenital/infantile cataract in Sweden and Denmark is 30/100000. About half of the operations are performed within the first year of life, one-third within the first 3months. In our study population, a primary IOL was implanted in the majority of cases. © 2017 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 48. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
The prevalence of visual axis opacification in the Swedish Pediatric Cataract Register
- 2024
-
In: ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpos o report on the occurrence of postoperative visual axis opacification (VAO) in children younger than 5 years of age operated for cataract in Sweden, and to analyse correlations with age at surgery and surgical method.Methods Data were derived from the Swedish Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE). All children operated on between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2020 were included. Follow-ups at 1, 2 and 5 years of age were analysed.Results Cataract surgery were performed on 770 eyes belonging to 549 children (n = 282 boys, 51.4%); 327/770 (42.5%) of the children underwent surgery before 3 months of age and 216/770 (28%) before 6 weeks of age. Data on 881 follow-up visits were registered. At the follow up-visits at 1, 2 and 5 years of age, VAO was present in 154/349 (44.1%), 41/323 (12.7%) and 25/208 (12%). The majority of the children with VAO underwent cataract surgery before age 6 months, with a predominance before age 2 months. Primary IOL was implanted in 601/770 (78%) of eyes; 40.8% had an acrylic one-piece lens, 31.8% had a bag-in-the-lens IOL, 21.9% were aphakic and 5.2% had an acrylic three-piece lens. Implantation of a bag-in-the-lens IOL was related to a significantly lower occurrence of VAO compared to other types of IOL, including aphakia (p < 0.0002).Conclusion Our results are in accordance with the literature. Primary bag-in-the-lens IOL implantation before 2 years of age seems adequate and safe, with a low occurrence of VAO, and can thus be continued as routine in Sweden.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Magnusson, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Atmosfäriskt nedfall av mikroskräp
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nedfall av luftburna mikroskopiska skräppartiklar undersöktes på elva lokaler runt om i Sverige. Luftdeponerade plastfibrer, plastfragment, gummipartiklar från fordonsdäck och bomullsfibrer kunde påvisas vid de flesta av provtagningsplatserna, även de som låg på långt avstånd från större tätorter. Studien visar att lufttransport kan vara en betydelsefull spridningsväg för mikroskräp
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