SwePub - search: WFRF:(Magnusson Stefan)

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1.	Locke, Adam E, et al. (author) Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. 2015 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
2.	Shungin, Dmitry, et al. (author) New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. 2015 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
3.	Roselli, Carolina, et al. (author) Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation 2018 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:9, s. 1225-1233 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide(1) and has a complex heritability(2). We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF.
4.	Sundelöf, Andreas, et al. (author) Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2021 : Resursöversikt 2022 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Sammantaget redovisas tillståndet för 107 bestånd av 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten är en beställning från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) till Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) och utgör ett viktigt kunskapsunderlag till myndighetens arbete. Den uppfyller de krav som finns inom EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik om att basera förvaltningen på bästa tillgängliga vetenskap. Denna rapport är också ett stöd till det arbete som beskrivs närmare i strategin för framtidens fiske och tillhörande handlingsplaner för vattenbruk, yrkes- och fritidsfiske som HaV och Jordbruksverket har tagit fram i dialog med fiskets och vattenbrukets intressenter.
5.	Andersson, Stefan (author) Information and Communication Technology : mediated support for working carers of older people 2017 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Despite a growing awareness of the importance of support for carers who combine paid work with care of an older relative, so called ‘working carers’, there remains a lack of empirical knowledge about more innovative ways to support this largest group of carers of older people. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are becoming more readily available. As a result, ICTs have made it feasible to offer working carers more targeted forms of support.This thesis aimed to gain an understanding about support for working carers of older people via the use of ICT.An integrative literature review was conducted to explore and evaluate the current evidence base concerning the use of ICT-mediated support for working carers (I). Content analysis of qualitative data was used to describe nursing and support staff’s experiences of using web-based ICTs for information, e-learning and support of working carers (II). Content analysis was also used to describe working carers’ experiences of having access to a web-based family care support network provided by the municipality (III). Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyse survey data which focused on the types of support received and how they were valued by working carers, with a focus on ICT support (IV).Findings highlighted that ICT mediated support provided working carers with the means to manage their caring situation, via the provision of information, e-learning and education, in addition to practical assistance and emotional and/or physical respite from caregiving. In this way, working carers felt empowered in their caring situation by feeling more competent and prepared in their caring role and by strengthening their self-efficacy and positive self-appraisal of their situation. Carers were provided channels to share their frustrations and burdens via forums for emotional and social support between working carers, caring professionals, and other peer carers. This led to working carers feeling less burdened by their caregiving role and it helped promote their wellbeing. Further, carers were helped in some instances to balance work and care. As a result caregiving activities conflicting with work obligations were then lessened.In contrast, when ICT mediated support was neither provided in a timely fashion or in accordance with individual carers’ needs and preferences, then it was perceived by them to be unimportant. Cross-sectional data revealed that take-up of support services was low suggesting that unmet support needs may be inflated by work-care conflicts. For carers with lower digital skills, the additional time needed to learn to use ICTs was a further barrier.Overall, ICT mediated support acted as a complementary form of support for working carers. Measures to overcome dis-empowering aspects of this innovative from of support are needed to avoid working carers’ deprioritizing their own support needs and also to avoid possible digital exclusion from the current information society.
6.	Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al. (author) Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS. 2023 In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
7.	Bergström, Göran, et al. (author) Self-report tool for identification of individuals with coronary atherosclerosis : the Swedish cardiopulmonary bioimage study 2024 In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-9980. ; 13:14 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly.CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
8.	Berndt, Sonja I., et al. (author) Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture 2013 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
9.	Do, Ron, et al. (author) Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease 2013 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
10.	Fall, Tove, 1979-, et al. (author) Non-targeted metabolomics combined with genetic analyses identifies bile acid synthesis and phospholipid metabolism as being associated with incident type 2 diabetes 2016 In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 59:10, s. 2114-2124 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aims/hypothesisIdentification of novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes and their genetic determinants could lead to improved understanding of causal pathways and improve risk prediction.MethodsIn this study, we used data from non-targeted metabolomics performed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in three Swedish cohorts (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men [ULSAM], n = 1138; Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors [PIVUS], n = 970; TwinGene, n = 1630). Metabolites associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or prevalent type 2 diabetes were assessed for associations with incident type 2 diabetes in the three cohorts followed by replication attempts in the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 cohort (n = 855). Assessment of the association of metabolite-regulating genetic variants with type 2 diabetes was done using data from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.ResultsOut of 5961 investigated metabolic features, 1120 were associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes and IFG and 70 were annotated to metabolites and replicated in the three cohorts. Fifteen metabolites were associated with incident type 2 diabetes in the four cohorts combined (358 events) following adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference and fasting glucose. Novel findings included associations of higher values of the bile acid deoxycholic acid and monoacylglyceride 18:2 and lower concentrations of cortisol with type 2 diabetes risk. However, adding metabolites to an existing risk score improved model fit only marginally. A genetic variant within the CYP7A1 locus, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, was found to be associated with lower concentrations of deoxycholic acid, higher concentrations of LDL-cholesterol and lower type 2 diabetes risk. Variants in or near SGPP1, GCKR and FADS1/2 were associated with diabetes-associated phospholipids and type 2 diabetes.Conclusions/interpretationWe found evidence that the metabolism of bile acids and phospholipids shares some common genetic origin with type 2 diabetes.Access to research materialsMetabolomics data have been deposited in the Metabolights database, with accession numbers MTBLS93 (TwinGene), MTBLS124 (ULSAM) and MTBLS90 (PIVUS).
11.	Gretarsdottir, Solveig, et al. (author) Genome-wide association study identifies a sequence variant within the DAB2IP gene conferring susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm 2010 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:8, s. 71-692 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We performed a genome-wide association study on 1,292 individuals with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and 30,503 controls from Iceland and The Netherlands, with a follow-up of top markers in up to 3,267 individuals with AAAs and 7,451 controls. The A allele of rs7025486 on 9q33 was found to associate with AAA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 and P = 4.6 x 10(-10). In tests for association with other vascular diseases, we found that rs7025486[A] is associated with early onset myocardial infarction (OR = 1.18, P = 3.1 x 10(-5)), peripheral arterial disease (OR = 1.14, P = 3.9 x 10(-5)) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.20, P = 0.00030), but not with intracranial aneurysm or ischemic stroke. No association was observed between rs7025486[A] and common risk factors for arterial and venous diseases-that is, smoking, lipid levels, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Rs7025486 is located within DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival.
12.	Hagstrom, Emil, et al. (author) IMPACT OF BODY WEIGHT AT AGE 20 AND WEIGHT GAIN DURING ADULTHOOD ON MIDLIFE CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM IN 15,000 MEN AND WOMEN : AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE SWEDISH CARDIOPULMONARY BIOIMAGE STUDY 2019 In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 73:9, s. 1692-1692 Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract BackgroundElevated body weight in adolescence is strongly associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, or to weight gain with subsequent high adult weight is not known. Using data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), we investigated the association between weight at age 20, weight gain to midlife and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) at midlife.MethodsIn the first 15,810 participants in SCAPIS (mean age 58 years, 52% women), data on CACS at midlife, self-reported body weight at age 20 and weight at examination in SCAPIS were recorded.ResultsCACS in midlife was significantly higher with increasing weight at age 20 (p<0.001 for both sexes), and then increased with weight gain until midlife at all levels of body weight at age 20 after adjusting for age, height, smoking, alcohol intake, education level, exercise levels and LDL cholesterol. However, the association with weight gain was only significant in men (p = 0.047), not in women (p=0.474). No significant interaction was seen between weight at age 20 and midlife weight with CACS. The effect of weight at age 20 on CACS was significantly more marked in men than in women, as was the effect of weight gain (p<0.001 for both interactions).ConclusionWeight at age 20 and weight gain to midlife were both related to CACS, but much more markedly so in men than in women, indicating a generally larger effect of both early adult weight and further weight gain until midlife on CACS in men, compared to women.
13.	Kanoni, Stavroula, et al. (author) Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis. 2022 In: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
14.	Klaric, Lucija, et al. (author) Mendelian randomisation identifies alternative splicing of the FAS death receptor as a mediator of severe COVID-19. 2021 In: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. ; , s. 1-28 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Severe COVID-19 is characterised by immunopathology and epithelial injury. Proteomic studies have identified circulating proteins that are biomarkers of severe COVID-19, but cannot distinguish correlation from causation. To address this, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify proteins that mediate severe COVID-19. Using protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from the SCALLOP consortium, involving meta-analysis of up to 26,494 individuals, and COVID-19 genome-wide association data from the Host Genetics Initiative, we performed MR for 157 COVID-19 severity protein biomarkers. We identified significant MR results for five proteins: FAS, TNFRSF10A, CCL2, EPHB4 and LGALS9. Further evaluation of these candidates using sensitivity analyses and colocalization testing provided strong evidence to implicate the apoptosis-associated cytokine receptor FAS as a causal mediator of severe COVID-19. This effect was specific to severe disease. Using RNA-seq data from 4,778 individuals, we demonstrate that the pQTL at the FAS locus results from genetically influenced alternate splicing causing skipping of exon 6. We show that the risk allele for very severe COVID-19 increases the proportion of transcripts lacking exon 6, and thereby increases soluble FAS. Soluble FAS acts as a decoy receptor for FAS-ligand, inhibiting apoptosis induced through membrane-bound FAS. In summary, we demonstrate a novel genetic mechanism that contributes to risk of severe of COVID-19, highlighting a pathway that may be a promising therapeutic target.
15.	Macdonald-Dunlop, Erin, et al. (author) Mapping genetic determinants of 184 circulating proteins in 26,494 individuals to connect proteins and diseases 2021 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract We performed the largest genome-wide meta-analysis (GWAMA) (Max N=26,494) of the levels of 184 cardiovascular-related plasma protein levels to date and reported 592 independent loci (pQTL) associated with the level of at least one protein (1308 significant associations, median 6 per protein). We estimated that only between 8-37% of testable pQTL overlap with established expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) using multiple methods, while 132 out of 1064 lead variants show evidence for transcription factor binding, and found that 75% of our pQTL are known DNA methylation QTL. We highlight the variation in genetic architecture between proteins and that proteins share genetic architecture with cardiometabolic complex traits. Using cis-instrument Mendelian randomisation (MR), we infer causal relationships for 11 proteins, recapitulating the previously reported relationship between PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol, replicating previous pQTL MR findings and discovering 16 causal relationships between protein levels and disease. Our MR results highlight IL2-RA as a candidate for drug repurposing for Crohn’s Disease as well as 2 novel therapeutic targets: IL-27 (Crohn’s disease) and TNFRSF14 (Inflammatory bowel disease, Multiple sclerosis and Ulcerative colitis). We have demonstrated the discoveries possible using our pQTL and highlight the potential of this work as a resource for genetic epidemiology.
16.	Scott, Robert A., et al. (author) Large-scale association analyses identify new loci influencing glycemic traits and provide insight into the underlying biological pathways 2012 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:9, s. 991-1005 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Through genome-wide association meta-analyses of up to 133,010 individuals of European ancestry without diabetes, including individuals newly genotyped using the Metabochip, we have increased the number of confirmed loci influencing glycemic traits to 53, of which 33 also increase type 2 diabetes risk (q < 0.05). Loci influencing fasting insulin concentration showed association with lipid levels and fat distribution, suggesting impact on insulin resistance. Gene-based analyses identified further biologically plausible loci, suggesting that additional loci beyond those reaching genome-wide significance are likely to represent real associations. This conclusion is supported by an excess of directionally consistent and nominally significant signals between discovery and follow-up studies. Functional analysis of these newly discovered loci will further improve our understanding of glycemic control.
17.	Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al. (author) Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage : a nationwide cohort of 950 000 adults 2019 In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:6, s. 2018-2025 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium.METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at baseline, from 21 population-based cohorts. Outcomes were obtained from the Swedish Patient and Causes of Death Registries.RESULTS: During 13 704 959 person-years of follow-up, 2659 cases of first-ever fatal or non-fatal SAH occurred, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4-10.6)/100 000 person-years] in men and 13.8 [(11.4-16.2)/100 000 person-years] in women. The incidence rate increased exponentially with higher age. In multivariable-adjusted Poisson models, marked sex interactions for current smoking and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Current smoking conferred a rate ratio (RR) of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.57) in women and 1.62 (1.47-1.79) in men. One standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an RR of 0.86 (0.81-0.92) in women and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) in men. Higher blood pressure and lower education level were also associated with higher risk of SAH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SAH is 45% higher in women than in men, with substantial sex differences in risk factor strengths. In particular, a markedly stronger adverse effect of smoking in women may motivate targeted public health initiatives.
18.	Willer, Cristen J., et al. (author) Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels 2013 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1274-1283 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 x 10(-8), including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research.
19.	Winkler, TW, et al. (author) The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study 2015 In: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 11:10, s. e1005378- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
20.	Agrenius, Stefan, 1948, et al. (author) Makrofauna mjukbotten. En tillståndsbedömning runt Sveriges kuster. 2009 In: Havet. - 1654-6741. ; 2009 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
21.	Agrenius, Stefan, 1948, et al. (author) Syretillgången avgörande för Bohusläns fjordar 2012 In: Havet 2012. - 1654-6741. ; 2012, s. 56-59 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
22.	Ahluwalia, Bani, et al. (author) Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract (AVH200 (R)) on human blood T cell activity in vitro 2016 In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 179, s. 301-309 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe vera) is a widely used medicinal plant well reputed for its diverse therapeutic applications. It has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine to treat various conditions and the Aloe vera gel has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory as well as immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, the mode of action is still unclear. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was determine the effects of two well-defined A. barbadensis Mill. extracts AVH200 (R) and AVE200 on human blood T cells in vitro. Materials and methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were stimulated polyclonally in the presence or absence of AVH200 (R) and AVE200. The T cell phenotype was investigated by flow cytometry, cell proliferation was determined by CFSE dye and thymidine assay, respectively and cytokine secretion was determined by MSD (R) Multi-Spot Assay system and ELISA. Results: The presence of AVH200 (R) resulted in a reduced expression of CD25 among CD3(+) T cells and suppression of T cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, AVH200 (R) reduced the expression of CD28 on CD3(+) T cells. AVH200 (R) also reduced the secretion of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-17A in PBMC cultures. The AVH200 (R) dose dependent reduction in T cell activation and proliferation recorded in the cell cultures was not due to apoptosis or cell death. Additionally, AVH200 (R) was found to be more effective as compared to AVE200 in reducing T cell activation and proliferation. Conclusion: AVH200 (R) has the potential to reduce the activation, proliferation and cytokine secretion of healthy human blood T cells. Our study suggests that AVH200 (R) has a suppressive effect on human blood T cells in vitro.
23.	Albertsson, J, et al. (author) Makrofauna mjukbotten. En tillståndsbedömning runt Sveriges kuster 2008 In: Havet. - 1654-6741. ; 2008, s. 67-69 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
24.	Albrecht, Eva, et al. (author) Telomere length in circulating leukocytes is associated with lung function and disease 2014 In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 43:4, s. 983-992 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Several clinical studies suggest the involvement of premature ageing processes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using an epidemiological approach, we studied whether accelerated ageing indicated by telomere length, a marker of biological age, is associated with COPD and asthma, and whether intrinsic age-related processes contribute to the interindividual variability of lung function. Our meta-analysis of 14 studies included 934 COPD cases with 15 846 controls defined according to the Global Lungs Initiative (GLI) criteria (or 1189 COPD cases according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria), 2834 asthma cases with 28 195 controls, and spirometric parameters (forced expiratory volume in is (FEV1), forced vital capacity (PVC) and FEV1/FVC) of 12 595 individuals. Associations with telomere length were tested by linear regression, adjusting for age, sex and smoking status. We observed negative associations between telomere length and asthma (beta= -0.0452, p= 0.024) as well as COPD (beta= -0.0982, p=0.001), with associations being stronger and more significant when using GLI criteria than those of GOLD. In both diseases, effects were stronger in females than males. The investigation of spirometric indices showed positive associations between telomere length and FEV1 (p=1.07 x 10(-7)), FVC (p=2.07 x 10(-5)), and FEV1/FVC (p =5.27 x 10(-3)). The effect was somewhat weaker in apparently healthy subjects than in COPD or asthma patients. Our results provide indirect evidence for the hypothesis that cellular senescence may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and asthma, and that lung function may reflect biological ageing primarily due to intrinsic processes, which are likely to be aggravated in lung diseases.
25.	Ameline, Baptiste, et al. (author) NTRK fusions in osteosarcoma are rare and non-functional events 2020 In: Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research. - : Wiley. - 2056-4538. ; 6:2, s. 107-112 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions are promising molecular targets that have been described in a broad range of malignant tumours. Fusions commonly lead to the expression of chimeric proteins with constitutive tyrosine kinase activation that drives tumorigenesis. Despite a low prevalence among most solid tumours (<1%), the first encouraging results with pan-NTRK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as larotrectinib or entrectinib stimulated the search for eligible patients. Here, we report the first three cases of osteosarcoma harbouring NTRK fusions, among 113 patients sequenced. It is also the first report on NTRK fusions within a tumour type characterised by highly rearranged genomes and abundant passenger mutations. Whereas the presence of NTRK gene fusions in many tumours is considered to be one of the main driver events for tumour progression, the three chimeric transcripts described here appear non-functional and likely represent randomly occurring passenger alterations. Particularly in tumours with complex karyotypes, it may therefore be advisable to specifically investigate the fusion transcripts for functional impact before considering targeted treatment approaches using pan-NTRK TKIs.
26.	Andersson, Anna, et al. (author) Intumescent foams - A novel flame retardant system for flexible polyurethane foams 2008 In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 1097-4628 .- 0021-8995. ; 109:4, s. 2269-2274 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A combination of intumescent components was evaluated as a novel flame retardant system in a flexible polyurethane foam, and the incorporation of these components gave rise to a significant enhancement of the flame retardant properties of the foam. The heat release rate was lowered at an early stage as well as throughout the fire, the total heat production was decreased and the time to ignition was prolonged. Mechanical measurements of the foam revealed enhanced properties in terms of stiffness accompanied by a large decrease in elongation at break as compared with a reference foam. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27.	Andersson, Anna, et al. (author) Shear Behavior of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Under Uniaxial Compression 2009 In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 1097-4628 .- 0021-8995. ; 111:5, s. 2290-2298 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The mechanisms behind the load building capabilities of a hyperbranched polymer (HBP) in polyurethane (PU) foams have been investigated, using microscopy techniques and mechanical analyses. By broadening the traditional uniaxial compression characterization of PU foams to include combined shear deformations and compression behavior, an apparent Poisson ratio of the foam could be obtained in situ. The Poisson ratio as function of uniaxial compression ratio of the foam was thus studied for foams filled with Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) and foams containing HBP. Generally a window of deformation ratios could be defined in which the Poisson ratio was negative. The width of this window varied systematically with the SAN loading, where an increase in SAN particle loading resulted in a broadening of the negative Poisson ratio window. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 2290-2298, 2009
28.	Andersson, Anna, et al. (author) Vibration and Acoustic Damping of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Modified with a Hyperbranched Polymer 2010 In: Journal of Cellular Plastics. - 0021-955X. ; 46:1, s. 73-93 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The dynamic mechanical properties and acoustic damping of polyurethane (PU) foams loaded with a hyperbranched polymer (HBP) have been studied. The results show a significant modulus enhancement parallel to an increased vibration damping in the low frequency range of approximate to 1 Hz with increased amount of HBP. Furthermore, an increased acoustic damping in the frequency interval of 500-1600 Hz is observed with increasing amount of HBP. The origin of these property enhancements are sought in the morphology and the chemical composition of the PU foam. It has been found that no visible differences in cell sizes and strut thicknesses exist among the foams. However, FTIR reveals significant differences in chemical composition between the foams of different HBP content, indicating increased crosslinking.
29.	Andersson, Stefan, et al. (author) Information and communication technology-mediated support for working carers of older family members : an integrative literature review 2017 In: International Journal of Care and Caring. - : Policy Press. - 2397-8821 .- 2397-883X. ; 1:2, s. 247-273 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract How best to support working carers is being paid increased attention across Europe and internationally. This article examines a largely unexplored area within the empirical literature, namely, information and communication technology-mediated support for working carers of older people. Using an integrative review methodology to draw on both quantitative and qualitative data, 14 studies were identified. Themes included making work–life balance easier, reducing the burden of caregiving and promoting well-being. Factors to consider in the design, implementation and evaluation of innovative support solutions for working carers are put forward. However, a lack of longitudinal studies and biased samples warrants further investigation.
30.	Andersson, Stefan, 1973, et al. (author) Partitioning and Transmutation Annual Report 2004 2005 In: SKB report R-05-13, SKBAB. Journal article (other academic/artistic)
31.	Andersson, Stefan, 1973, et al. (author) Partitioning and Transmutation Annual Report 2005 2006 In: SKB report R-06-45. Journal article (other academic/artistic)
32.	Andersson, Sofie, 1976, et al. (author) Synergic extraction of lanthanides and selected actinides using 2,6-bis- (benzoxazolyl)-4-dodecyloxylpyridine and 2-bromodecanoic acid 2005 In: Proc. Int. Solvent Extraction Conference ISEC-05, Beijing. - 7900692029 ; , s. 177-181 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
33.	Andersson, Stefan, et al. (author) Teknikstöd för yrkesverksamma anhöriga : resultat från utvärdering av tre projekt inom programmet Teknik för äldre II 2012 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Nationellt kompetenscentrum anhöriga fick i uppdrag av Hjälpmedelsinstitutet att under 2012 utvärdera tre projekt inom programmet, "Teknik för äldre II" som fokuserar på tekniskt stöd till anhöriga "Mitt i livet" som kombinerar förvärvsarbete med anhörigomsorg. Det första projektet, "Teknikstöd – ökad social interaktion mellan anhöriga mitt i livet", i Alingsås kommun implementerade det internetbaserade IT systemet "Gapet" för yrkesverksamma anhöriga. Det andra projektet, "Modell för virtuellt anhörigstöd" i Gävle kommun, utvecklade en modell och struktur för ett enhetligt virtuellt anhörigstöd som riktade sig till yrkesverksamma anhöriga vilket inkluderade den IT-baserade stödtjänsten "Anhörigstödsportalen". Det tredje projektet, "Teknikstöd för yrkesverksamma anhöriga – en behovsstudie, fokuserade på att utföra en inventering av yrkesverksamma anhörigas behov av ny teknik, utveckla en modell för teknikstöd riktat till yrkesverksamma anhöriga samt hitta vägar för att sprida kunskap för att öka målgruppens möjlighet att nås av teknikstöd. Detta område är särskilt viktigt därför att det i nuläget finns få stödtjänster, i Sverige men även internationellt, som är speciellt anpassade till yrkesverksamma anhöriga som hjälper, stödjer och/eller vårdar en äldre närstående. Många yrkesverksamma anhöriga uttrycker att de vill hjälpa sin förälder/sina föräldrar, men att det är svårt att uppnå en balansgång mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv samtidigt som man hjälper, stödjer och/eller vårdar en äldre närstående. Det är inte ovanligt att egen tid för avkoppling och välbefinnande blir alltmer sällan och prioriteras bort. Som en följd av detta upplever de yrkesverksamma anhöriga ofta stress för att de inte räcker till och ständigt behöver bolla mellan olika sfärer av sina liv. Den senaste statistiken från Socialstyrelsen visar att närmare 100 000 anhöriga har behövt minska sin arbetstid eller sluta arbeta pååtta procent män. Yrkesverksamma anhörigas behov kan sammanfattas med information, rådgivning och/eller utbildning/ träning, praktiskt samt känslomässigt stöd som är flexibelt och passar de egna rutinerna och den egna situationen. Mot denna bakgrund, utvecklades och diskuterades en utvärderingsplan med projektledarna tillsammans med den övergripande koordinatorn för initiativet "Teknik för Äldre II" vid det första gemensamma projektmötet och utvärderingen var en återkommande nyckelfråga vid efterföljande gemensamma projektmöten som hölls under året. Utvärderingen av projekt 1 och 2 genomfördes under hösten 2012 med en liknande utformning för båda projekten där en kvalitativ utvärdering genomfördes med hjälp av fokusgruppsintervjuer och individuella intervjuer och en kvantitativ utvärdering utfördes med hjälp av ett standardiserat frågeformulär om användbarhet. Utvärderingen av projekt 3 genomfördes kontinuerligt från starten till slutet av projektet. Detta berodde på att projektet var en behovsstudie som omfattade anhörigvårdare i en kontinuerlig utvecklingsprocess vilket betyder att det var olämpligt att genomföra en utvärdering under en specifik period vilket var fallet i de två första projekten. Resultaten från utvärderingarna av de första två projekten visar att teknikstöd har en stor potential avseende yrkesverksamma anhöriga då det erbjuder ett flexibelt sätt för anhöriga att få tillgång till information och en möjlighet för anhöriga att kunna utbyta erfarenheter med andra i samma situation och själva skapa stödnätverk. På samma gång erbjuder teknikstöd personalen att arbeta på ett systematiskt sätt med stöd till anhöriga. Men, för att teknikstöd ska användas av fler anhörigvårdare och för att det ska bli mer allmänt accepterat av personalen behövs det grundläggande datorutbildning för både anhöriga och vård- och omsorgspersonal samt kontinuerlig tillgång till handledning och stöd i användningen. Resultat som härrör från en utvärdering från behovsstudien (projekt 3) visar att utbudet av kreativa och sekventiella metoder som användes under utvecklingsprocessen möjliggjorde en genuin brukarmedverkan av yrkesverksamma anhöriga så att deras röster blev hörda gällande teknikstöd. Samtidigt kan dessa innovativa metoder bilda en användbar modell för vård- och omsorgs personal gällande hur anhöriga kan nås av stöd genom produkter, tjänster och ny teknik
34.	Andersson, Stefan, et al. (author) The experiences of working carers of older people regarding access to a web-based family care support network offered by a municipality 2017 In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 31:3, s. 487-496 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Policy makers in Sweden and other European Member States pay increasing attention as to how best support working carers; carers juggling providing unpaid family care for older family members while performing paid work. Exploring perceived benefits and challenges with web-based information and communication technologies as a means of supporting working carers' in their caregiving role, this paper draws on findings from a qualitative study. The study aimed to describe working carers' experiences of having access to the web-based family care support network 'A good place' (AGP) provided by the municipality to support those caring for an older family member. Content analysis of interviews with nine working carers revealed three themes: A support hub, connections to peers, personnel and knowledge; Experiencing ICT support as relevant in changing life circumstances; and Upholding one's personal firewall. Findings indicate that the web-based family care support network AGP is an accessible, complementary means of support. Utilising support while balancing caregiving, work obligations and responsibilities was made easier with access to AGP; enabling working carers to access information, psychosocial support and learning opportunities. In particular, it provided channels for carers to share experiences with others, to be informed, and to gain insights into medical and care issues. This reinforced working carers' sense of competence, helping them meet caregiving demands and see positive aspects in their situation. Carers' low levels of digital skills and anxieties about using computer-based support were barriers to utilising web-based support and could lead to deprioritising of this support. However, to help carers overcome these barriers and to better match web-based support to working carers' preferences and situations, web-based support must be introduced in a timely manner and must more accurately meet each working carer's unique caregiving needs.
35.	Andersson, Stefan, et al. (author) The use of information and communication technologies to support working carers of older people : a qualitative secondary analysis 2016 In: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 11:1, s. 32-43 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND:Family care support services have mainly focused on older spousal carers of older people and have largely overlooked working carers, whom combine paid work with informal/family care responsibilities. Recently, however, information and communication technology (ICT) systems have been identified as a potentially flexible way of supporting working carers.AIM:The aim of this study was to describe nursing and support staff's experiences of using ICT for information, e-learning and support of working carers of older people.DESIGN:The study employed a descriptive, qualitative approach conducting a qualitative secondary analysis of two original data sets. In total, seventeen professional staff members from two municipal family carer support units in Sweden that had implemented ICTs were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide consisting of open-ended questions.METHOD:Two data sets were merged using latent qualitative content analysis.FINDINGS:Secondary analysis produced three subthemes and an overall theme, a virtual road as a carriageway for the support of working carers, consisting of both enabling and hindering aspects in family support. This theme provides access points in both directions and is based on caring instruments that enable nursing staff's support role. The staff's sustainability and ability to support is influenced by caring opportunities and barriers.CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggest the ICTs to be flexible structures that provided nursing staff with a means and method to support working carers of older people. To overcome barriers to its use, measures to optimise support for working carers and the older person are needed.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:The use of ICTs provides nurses with a means to offer support to working carers of older people and enables carers to be informed, to learn and to share their burdens with others when caring for an older family member.
36.	Andersson, Stefan, et al. (author) Valued and received forms of support among Swedish working carers of older people : a descriptive study with focus on ICT-mediated support 2019 In: Technology and Disability. - : IOS Press. - 1055-4181 .- 1878-643X. ; 31:4, s. 189-202 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Working family carers are an important resource for the care of older people but can experience negativepressures without support.OBJECTIVE: This study examined the perceived value of forms of support and the level of receipt of valued forms of supportamong Swedish working carers, with a focus on information and communication technology (ICT)-mediated support.METHODS: A convenience sample (N = 129) of working carers caring for an older (> 65 years) relative completed a webbasedquestionnaire that addressed: caring characteristics; work-care conflict; and valued and received forms of support.RESULTS: Overall non-ICT forms of support were the most highly valued, while receipt of valued support was low: on averageonly 16.9% of participants who valued ICT-mediated forms of support received such support, while the figure was only slightlyhigher (23.4%) for non-ICT forms of support. Higher levels of work-care conflict were associated with higher perceived value ofsupport for 13 out of fourteen forms of support.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that ICT-mediated and non-ICT forms of support should be regarded as complementary,while the low level of receipt of valued forms of support could indicate high levels of unmet need in working carers. Implicationsfor further research and policy on working carers are considered.
37.	Annosi, Maria Carmela (author) Regulation and Self-Regulation of Team Learning and Innovation Activities 2016 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Self-regulated learning and innovation activities within teams are those processes with which team members collectively activate and sustain cognition, affects and behaviors which are systematically oriented towards the achievement of their team’s goals. Although research on self-managing teams exists, there remains considerable confusion on many issues including what self-regulation is and how regulation of self-regulated learning and innovation activities is carried out. A primary contribution of this dissertation is to introduce a theoretical framework for analysing and applying regulative actions in organizational environment. The aim of this dissertation is to advance the understanding on how regulation of self- managing team learning and innovation activities can happen starting from an analysis of the self-regulative learning processes of individuals within teams and of their own determinants. This dissertation has three objectives: 1) to present internal team mechanisms involved in the self-regulation of teams’ learning activities, their interactive dynamics and their corresponding major organisational determinants; 2) to rely on this novel understanding to detect relevant regulative actions which are able to indirectly influence teams’ self-regulatory learning and innovative behaviour; 3) to offer empirical evidence of how specific regulative actions affect team learning and innovation performance. We discover that there are four major constructs associated with the regulation of teams’ learning and innovation activities: feedback loops and goals equally combining learning and performance items, networks of influence made up of managers and stakeholders interacting with teams through systematic routines, training programmes for team members, dialectical perspective on learning and innovation to force in the managerial layers.
38.	Arwin, Hans, et al. (author) Effective structural chirality of beetle cuticle determined from transmission Mueller matrices using the Tellegen constitutive relations 2020 In: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B. - : A V S AMER INST PHYSICS. - 2166-2746 .- 2166-2754. ; 38:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Several beetle species in the Scarabaeoidea superfamily reflect left-handed polarized light due to a circular Bragg structure in their cuticle. The right-handed polarized light is transmitted. The objective here is to evaluate cuticle chiral properties in an effective medium approach using transmission Mueller matrices assuming the cuticle to be a bianisotropic continuum. Both differential decomposition and nonlinear regression were used in the spectral range of 500-1690nm. The former method provides the sample cumulated birefringence and dichroic optical properties and is model-free but requires a homogeneous sample. The materials chirality is deduced from the circular birefringence and circular dichroic spectra obtained. The regression method requires dispersion models for the optical functions but can also be used in more complex structures including multilayered and graded media. It delivers the material properties in terms of model functions of materials permittivity and chirality. The two methods show excellent agreement for the complex-valued chirality spectrum of the cuticle.
39.	Arwin, Hans, et al. (author) Optical Chirality Determined from Mueller Matrices 2021 In: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 11:15 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Featured Application The analysis of the transmission of Mueller matrices facilitates studies of optical activity in samples that also exhibit linear anisotropy and depolarization and may have a multilayered structure. Such studies are important for the development of applications in chiroptics. Optical chirality, in terms of circular birefringence and circular dichroism, is described by its electromagnetic and magnetoelectric material tensors, and the corresponding optical activity contributes to the Mueller matrix. Here, spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range 210-1690 nm is used to address chiral phenomena by measuring Mueller matrices in transmission. Three approaches to determine chirality parameters are discussed. In the first approach, applicable in the absence of linear polarization effects, circular birefringence and circular dichroism are evaluated directly from elements of a Mueller matrix. In the second method, differential decomposition is employed, which allows for the unique separation of chirality parameters from linear anisotropic parameters as well as from depolarization provided that the sample is homogeneous along the optical path. Finally, electromagnetic modeling using the Tellegen constitutive relations is presented. The last method also allows structural effects to be included. The three methods to quantify optical chirality are demonstrated for selected materials, including sugar solutions, alpha-quartz, liquid crystals, beetle cuticle, and films of cellulose nanocrystals.
40.	Atanasova, Diana, 1991-, et al. (author) Glycoproteomic profile of human tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase expressed in osteoblasts 2024 In: JBMR Plus. - : Oxford University Press. - 2473-4039. ; 8:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) is a glycoprotein expressed by osteoblasts that promotes bone mineralization. TNALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate and ATP to provide inorganic phosphate, thus controlling the inorganic pyrophosphate/inorganic phosphate ratio to enable the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. N-linked glycosylation of TNALP is essential for protein stability and enzymatic activity and is responsible for the presence of different bone isoforms of TNALP associated with functional and clinical differences. The site-specific glycosylation profiles of TNALP are, however, elusive. TNALP has 5 potential N-glycosylation sites located at the asparagine (N) residues 140, 230, 271, 303, and 430. The objective of this study was to reveal the presence and structure of site-specific glycosylation in TNALP expressed in osteoblasts. Calvarial osteoblasts derived from Alpl+/− expressing SV40 Large T antigen were transfected with soluble epitope-tagged human TNALP. Purified TNALP was analyzed with a lectin microarray, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that all sites (n = 5) were fully occupied predominantly with complex-type N-glycans. High abundance of galactosylated biantennary N-glycans with various degrees of sialylation was observed on all sites, as well as glycans with no terminal galactose and sialic acid. Furthermore, all sites had core fucosylation except site N271. Modelling of TNALP, with the protein structure prediction software ColabFold, showed possible steric hindrance by the adjacent side chain of W270, which could explain the absence of core fucosylation at N271. These novel findings provide evidence for N-linked glycosylation on all 5 sites of TNALP, as well as core fucosylation on 4 out of 5 sites. We anticipate that this new knowledge can aid in the development of functional and clinical assays specific for the TNALP bone isoforms.
41.	Atterby, Clara, et al. (author) Carriage of carbapenemase- and extended-spectrum cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and livestock in rural Cambodia; gender and age differences and detection of blaOXA-48 in humans. 2019 In: Zoonoses and Public Health. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1863-1959 .- 1863-2378. ; 66:6, s. 603-617 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the frequency and characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli/Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPE/K) and extended-spectrum cephalosporinase-producing E. coli/K. pneumoniae (ESCE/K) in healthy humans and livestock in rural Cambodia. Additionally, household practices as risk factors for faecal carriage of ESCE/K are identified.METHODS: Faecal samples were obtained from 307 humans and 285 livestock including large ruminants, pigs and poultry living in 100 households in rural Cambodia in 2011. Each household was interviewed, and multilevel logistic model determined associations between household practices/meat consumption and faecal carriage of ESCE/K. CPE and ESCE/K were detected and further screened for colistin resistance genes.RESULTS: CPE/K isolates harbouring blaOXA-48 were identified in two humans. The community carriage of ESCE/K was 20% in humans and 23% in livestock. The same ESBL genes: blaCTX-M-15 , blaCTX-M-14 , blaCTX-M-27 , blaCTX-M-55 , blaSHV-2 , blaSHV-12 , blaSHV-28 ; AmpC genes: blaCMY-2 , blaCMY-42, blaDHA-1 ; and colistin resistance genes: mcr-1-like and mcr-3-like were detected in humans and livestock. ESCE/K was frequently detected in women, young children, pigs and poultry, which are groups in close contact. The practice of burning or burying meat waste and not collecting animal manure indoors and outdoors daily were identified as risk factors for faecal carriage of ESCE/K.CONCLUSIONS: Faecal carriage of E. coli and K. pneumoniae harbouring extended-spectrum cephalosporinase genes are common in the Cambodian community, especially in women and young children. Exposure to animal manure and slaughter products are risk factors for intestinal colonization of ESCE/K in humans.
42.	Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al. (author) Från allmännytta till bostadsrätt i miljonprogramsområden (From municipal housing to tenant-ownership in million programme estates) 1998 Reports (other academic/artistic)
43.	Beraki, Åsa, et al. (author) Increase in physical activity is associated with lower HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes : results from a cross-sectional study based on the Swedish pediatric diabetes quality registry (SWEDIABKIDS) 2014 In: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - Clare, Ireland : Elsevier. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 105:1, s. 119-125 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aims: To evaluate the associations between physical activity (PA) and metabolic control, measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), in a large group of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from 4655 patients, comparing HbA1c values with levels of physical activity. The data for the children and adolescents were obtained from the Swedish pediatric diabetes quality registry, SWEDIABKIDS. The patients were 7-18 years of age, had type 1 diabetes and were not in remission. Patients were grouped into five groups by frequency of PA.Results: Mean HbA1c level was higher in the least physically active groups (PA0: 8.8% +/- 1.5 (72 +/- 16 mmol/mol)) than in the most physically active groups (PA4: 7.7% +/- 1.0 (60 +/- 11 mmol/mol)) (p < 0.001). An inverse dose-response association was found between PA and HbA1c (beta: -0.30, 95%CI: -0.34 to -0.26, p < 0.001). This association was found in both sexes and all age groups, apart from girls aged 7-10 years. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the relationship remained significant (beta: -0.21, 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.18, p < 0.001) when adjusted for possible confounding factors.Conclusions: Physical activity seems to influence HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. In clinical practice these patients should be recommended daily physical activity as a part of their treatment.
44.	Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al. (author) Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population 2021 In: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
45.	Bergström, Göran, et al. (author) Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population 2021 In: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
46.	Björk, Stefan, 1972- (author) Män möter mödravård : om betydelsen av "vi" i mötet med mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård 2016 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract I dagens Sverige är det en självklarhet att blivande pappor skall vara delaktiga och engagerade i graviditet, förlossning och omvårdnad av det nyfödda barnet. De flesta pappor är med vid besöken på barnmorskemottagningen inklusive ultraljudsundersökningen, deltar i föräldrautbildningen och är med vid barnets födelse. Ändå uttrycker många pappor missnöje med mödrahälsovården, förlossningsvården och BB-vården. När de tillfrågas om saken uppger de ofta att de känner sig utanför, osynliga och ovidkommande. Den här studien är ett försök att bättre förstå de upplevelserna.Studien grundar sig på intervjuer med tio svenska pappor. Pappornas berättelser om mötet med mödrahälsovården, förlossningsvården och BB-vården analyserades med en narrativ forskningsansats där särskilt fokus lades på hur de i berättelsen förekommande personerna framställdes eller positionerades.Avhandlingens resultat kan sammanfattas i tre punkter: (1) Mödrahälsovårdens fokus på de fysiska aspekterna av graviditet och förlossning innebär att den blivande/nyblivna pappan kan ha svårt att finna en meningsfull plats eller position i mötet med mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård. (2) De intervjuade pappornas berättelser om dessa möten kan grovt sett indelas i "vi"-berättelser där pappan fann en obesvärad position och "jag"-berättelser där han inte gjorde det. Detta har jag tolkat som att papporna i dessa möten eftersträvade en "vi"-position där graviditet och förlossning kunde bli en för mamman och pappan gemensam angelägenhet. (3) Svårigheten att finna en obesvärad position i mötet med mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård har i första hand att göra med att den blivande/nyblivna pappan inte är gravid, inte att han är man. Det är huruvida kroppen är gravid eller inte gravid som skapar gränsen, inte vilket kön kroppen har. Den sökta "vi"-positionen kan därför betecknas som könsirrelevant.En slutsats är att om mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård vill göra den blivande mammans partner verkligt delaktig i graviditet, förlossning och spädbarnsomvårdnad är den relevanta frågan: hur kan man bidra till att den blivande/nyblivna mammans partner kan finna en position som bättre inkluderar honom/henne i detta möte? En möjlig sådan position är den i denna studie påvisade "vi"-position där graviditet, förlossning och spädbarnsomvårdnad är en för båda föräldrarna gemensam angelägenhet. Att ge plats för en "vi"-position innebär också att sträcka ut tidsperspektivet från graviditetens här-och-nu förbi den annalkande förlossningen till det som kommer därefter: föräldraskapet -- oavsett vem som har varit gravid.
47.	Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al. (author) Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome 2018 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 562:7725, s. 57-62 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
48.	Björnsson, Jon Mar, et al. (author) Reduced proliferative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells deficient in hoxb3 and hoxb4 2003 In: Blood. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 23:11, s. 3872-3883 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Several homeobox transcription factors, such as HOXB3 and HOXB4, have been implicated in regulation of hematopoiesis. In support of this, studies show that overexpression of HOXB4 strongly enhances hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Here we find that mice deficient in both Hoxb3 and Hoxb4 have defects in endogenous hematopoiesis with reduced cellularity in hematopoietic organs and diminished number of hematopoietic progenitors without perturbing lineage commitment. Analysis of embryonic day 14.5 fetal livers revealed a significant reduction in the hematopoietic stem cell pool, suggesting that the reduction in cellularity observed postnatally is due to insufficient expansion during fetal development. Primitive Lin(-) Scal(+) c-kit(+) hematopoietic progenitors lacking Hoxb3 and Hoxb4 displayed impaired proliferative capacity in vitro. Similarly, in vivo repopulating studies of Hoxb3/Hoxb4-deficient hematopoietic cells resulted in lower repopulating capability compared to normal littermates. Since no defects in homing were observed, these results suggest a slower regeneration of mutant HSC. Furthermore, treatment with cytostatic drugs demonstrated slower cell cycle kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells deficient in Hoxb3 and Hoxb4, resulting in increased tolerance to antimitotic drugs. Collectively, these data suggest a direct physiological role of Hoxb4 and Hoxb3 in regulating stem cell regeneration and that these genes are required for maximal proliferative response.
49.	Blank Savukinas, Ulrika, et al. (author) Smad7 promotes self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. 2006 In: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 108:13, s. 4246-4254 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Smad-signaling pathway downstream of the transforming growth factor–beta superfamily of ligands is an evolutionarily conserved signaling circuitry with critical functions in a wide variety of biologic processes. To investigate the role of this pathway in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we have blocked Smad signaling by retroviral gene transfer of the inhibitory Smad7 to murine HSCs. We report here that the self-renewal capacity of HSCs is promoted in vivo upon blocking of the entire Smad pathway, as shown by both primary and secondary bone marrow (BM) transplantations. Importantly, HSCs overexpressing Smad7 have an unperturbed differentiation capacity as evidenced by normal contribution to both lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, suggesting that the Smad pathway regulates self-renewal independently of differentiation. Moreover, phosphorylation of Smads was inhibited in response to ligand stimulation in BM cells, thus verifying impairment of the Smad-signaling cascade in Smad7-overexpressing cells. Taken together, these data reveal an important and previously unappreciated role for the Smad-signaling pathway in the regulation of self-renewal of HSCs in vivo.
50.	Borgström, Magnus, et al. (author) Nanowires With Promise for Photovoltaics 2011 In: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X. ; 17:4, s. 1050-1061 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Solar energy harvesting for electricity production is regarded as a fully credible future energy source: plentiful and without serious environmental concerns. The breakthrough for solar energy technology implementation has, however, been hampered by two issues: the conversion efficiency of light into electricity and the solar panel production cost. The use of III-V nanowires (NWs) in photovoltaics allows to respond to both these demands. They offer efficient light absorption and significant cost reduction. These low-dimensional structures can be grown epitaxially in dense NW arrays directly on silicon wafers, which are abundant and cheaper than the germanium substrates used for triple-junction solar cells today. For planar structures, lattice matching poses a strong restriction on growth. III-V NWs offer to create highly efficient multijunction devices, since multiple materials can be combined to match the solar spectrum without the need of tightly controlled lattice matching. At the same time, less material is required for NW-based solar cells than for planar-based architecture. This approach has potential to reach more than 50% in efficiency. Here, we describe our work on NW tandem solar cells, aiming toward two junctions absorbing different parts of the solar spectrum, connected in series via a tunnel diode.

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