| 1. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Attitudes toward uncertainty among the poor: An experiment in rural Ethiopia
- 2012
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In: Theory and Decision. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0040-5833 .- 1573-7187. ; 73:3, s. 453-464
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate risk and ambiguity attitudes among Ethiopian farmers in one of the poorest regions of the world. Strong risk aversion and ambiguity aversion were found with the Ethiopian farmers. We compared their attitudes to those of a Western university student sample elicited by the same decision task. Ambiguity aversion was similar for farmers and students, but farmers were more risk averse. Our results show that ambiguity aversion is not restricted to Western student populations, and that studies of agricultural decisions may benefit from explicitly considering ambiguity attitudes.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Cooperation and punishment: The effect of religiosity and religious festival
- 2015
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In: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765. ; 130, s. 43-46
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines how a religious festival (Ramadan) and the degree of religiosity affect cooperation and costly punishment in a public goods experiment. We find significantly higher cooperation levels outside the festival among less religious people. This behavior is consistent with a substitution effect between religious and non-religious activities. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Does relative income matter for the very poor? - Evidence from rural Ethiopia
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We studied whether relative income has an impact on subjective well-being among extremely poor people. Contrary to the findings in developed countries, we cannot reject the hypothesis that relative income has no impact on subjective well-being in rural areas of northern Ethiopia.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
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I Can’t Sleep! Relative Concerns and Sleep Behavior
- 2017
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We investigate the effect of relative concerns with respect to income on the quantity and quality of sleep using a long panel dataset on the sleep behavior of people in Germany. We find that relative income has a substantial negative effect on number of hours of sleep on weekdays and overall satisfaction with sleep, i.e., sleep quality, whereas absolute income has no particular effect on sleep behavior. The findings are robust to several speci.cation checks, including measures of relative concerns, reference group, income inequality, and local price differences. The paper also investigates the importance of the potential channels including working hours, time-use activities, and physical and mental health to explain how relative concerns relate to sleep behavior. The results reveal that while all of these channels partially contribute to the effect, it appears to be mainly driven by physical and mental health and overall and financial well-being/stress. We also use a subjective well-being valuation approach to calculate the monetary value of sleep lost due to income comparisons. The total cost is as high as about 2.6 billion euro/year (1.8% of the overall monetary value of sleep and 1.3% of total health expenditures) among the working-age population in Germany.
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| 10. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Positional Concerns among the Poor: Does Reference Group Matter? Evidence from Survey Experiments
- 2014
-
In: Journal of African Economies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0963-8024 .- 1464-3723. ; 23:5, s. 673-699
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research studies suggest a lower degree of positional concerns among people from poor countries. Yet the evidence is limited and most often builds on the assumption that people's reference groups are the same across all individuals. We conduct a survey experiment in urban Ethiopia that is modified to include multiplicity of reference groups. We estimate positional concerns considering various reference groups to test whether the low positional concerns found in the literature are due to misspecification of the reference groups. The results show a low degree of positional concern, which is highly stable across different reference groups.
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| 11. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Positional concerns through the life-cycle
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-8043 .- 2214-8051. ; 78, s. 98-103
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2018 We use survey experimental data to analyze how people's positional concerns regarding income, car consumption and working hours vary with age. Our analysis suggests that the degree of positional concerns is not homogenous across the life-cycle. Our experimental approach shows a robust life-cycle pattern of positional concerns: young people experience a low degree of positional concerns, yet the level of concern for income increases gradually with age. The results also differ across goods. While the degree of positional concerns towards the income and car consumption is increasing, it is decreasing for working hours (leisure time) through the life-cycle with a non-monotonic pattern.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Relative concerns and sleep behavior
- 2019
-
In: Economics and Human Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-677X .- 1873-6130. ; 33, s. 1-14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the relationship between relative concerns with respect to income and the quantity and quality of sleep using a 6-year panel dataset on the sleep behavior of people in Germany. We find a substantial negative association between relative income and number of hours of sleep and satisfaction with sleep, i.e., sleep quality, whereas there is no particular association between absolute level of income and sleep quantity and quality. A 10-percent increase in the income of relevant others is associated with 6–8 min decrease in a person's weekly amount of sleep on average, yet this effect is particularly strong among the relatively deprived, i.e., upward comparers, as this group shows a corresponding decrease in sleeping time of 10–12 min/week. These findings are highly robust to several specification checks, including measures of relative concerns, reference group, income inequality, and local price differences. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the relationship is mainly driven by people with relatively fewer working hours, a higher demand for household production and leisure activities, and lower physical health and well-being. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Akay, A., et al.
(author)
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The effect of religiosity and religious festivals on positional concerns - an experimental investigation of Ramadan
- 2013
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In: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 45:27, s. 3914-3921
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the effect of religion on positional concerns using survey experiments. We focus on two of the dimensions of religion degree of religiosity and religious festivals. By conducting the experiments during both the most important day of Ramadan (the Night of Power) and a day outside Ramadan, we find that Ramadan overall has a small and negative impact on positional concerns. Detailed analyses based on the sorting of individuals degree of religiosity reveal that the decrease in the degree of positional concerns during Ramadan is mainly explained by a decrease in positionality among individuals with a low degree of religiosity.
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| 18. |
- Akpalu, Wisdom, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Ostracism and common pool resource management in a developing country: Young fishers in the laboratory
- 2012
-
In: Journal of African Economies. - 0963-8024. ; 21:2, s. 266-306
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates how the possibility to ostracise, which is a familiar punishment mechanism to subjects in the experiment, affects harvest in a common pool resource experiment. The experiment was framed as a fishing problem and the subjects were young fishers in Ghana. We find that the introduction of the possibility to ostracise other members of a group at a cost to the remaining members of the group decreased over-fishing significantly in comparison with a situation where ostracism was not possible. The ostracism was based on at least 50% voting rule. Moreover, the subjects demonstrated a strong desire to ostracise those who over-fished.
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| 19. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Are they watching you and does it matter? Evidence from a natural field experiment
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In a natural field experiment, we tested whether being alone or in a group had an effect on prosocial behavior as expressed in donations to a recreational park. We also explored whether the presence of people exogenous to the group at the time of the donation had any behavioral effect. Our first treatment aimed at identifying peer effects, whereas our second treatment was similar to being in the public eye. We found that being in a group significantly increases the share of people acting prosocially. Moreover, we found that only individuals who are part of a group are positively affected by the presence of a third party.
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| 20. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Do Entrance Fees Crowd Out Donations for Public Goods? Evidence from a Protected Area in Costa Rica
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate how different levels of entrance fees affect donations for a public good, a natural park. To explore this issue, we conducted a s tated preference study focusing on visitors’ preferences for donating money to raise funds for a protected area in Costa Rica given different entrance fee levels. The results reveal that there is incomplete crowding - out of donations when establishing an en trance fee.
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| 21. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Do entrance fees crowd out donations for public goods? Evidence from a protected area in Costa Rica
- 2015
-
In: Environment and Development Economics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1355-770X .- 1469-4395. ; 20:3, s. 311-326
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate how different levels of entrance fees affect donations for a public good, a natural park. To explore this issue, we conducted a stated preference study focusing on visitors' preferences for donating money to raise funds for a protected area in Costa Rica given different entrance fee levels. The results reveal that there is incomplete crowding out of donations when establishing an entrance fee.
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| 22. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Does It Matter if You Are Observed by Others? Evidence from Donations in the Field
- 2013
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - 0347-0520. ; 115:1, s. 74-83
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate whether people’s donations in the field are affected by the presence of others. In the analysis, we distinguish between individuals who arrived at a national park alone and those who arrived as members of a group. We also investigated the effect of donations being made in the presence of a third party made in the presence of a third party. We find that donations are significantly more frequent for individuals who are members of a group. When a third party is present, we find that the total donations by individuals who are a part of a group are significantly higher than those of lone travelers, mainly because of the increased probability of donating.
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| 23. |
- Alpízar, F, et al.
(author)
-
Don’t Tell Me What to Do, Tell Me Who to Follow! - Field Experiment Evidence on Voluntary Donations
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We conducted a field experiment in a protected area to explore the effects of conformity to a social reference versus a comparable, but imposed, suggested donation. As observed before, we see visitors conforming to the changing social reference. On the other hand, the treatment in which we suggested a donation resulted in lower shares of visitors donating, compared to the social reference treatment, and lower conditional donations even compared to the control. We concluded that visitors look at their peers as a reference to conform to, but partially reject being confronted with an imposed suggestion on how to behave.
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| 24. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Paying the price of sweetening your donation - Evidence from a natural field experiment
- 2012
-
In: Economics Letters. - 0165-1765. ; 114:2, s. 182-185
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We add a gift in appreciation of the subject’s contribution to a social reference treatment successfully proven to trigger higher donations, and find that the share of people contributing decreases significantly, thereby eroding the original treatment’s capacity to increase donations.
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| 25. |
- Alpízar, Francisco, et al.
(author)
-
Paying the Price of Sweetening Your Donation - Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Using a natural field experiment in a recreational site, a public good almost fully dependent on voluntary donations, we explored the crowding-out effect of gift rewards. First, we investigated whether receiving a map in appreciation of a donation crowded out prosocial behavior and found no significant effect of giving the map. Second, we explored the effect of adding the map to a treatment designed to increase donations. Interestingly, when the gift was combined with our attempt to trigger reputational and self image motives, the probability of donating decreased significantly, compared to the social reference treatment alone.
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| 26. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Using Choice Experiments for Non-Market Valuation
- 2003
-
In: Economic Issues. ; 8, s. 83-110
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides the latest research developments in the method of choice experiments applied to valuation of non-market goods. Choice experiments, along with the, by now, well-known contingent valuation method, are very important tools for valuing non-market goods and the results are used in both cost-benefit analyses and litigations related to damage assessments. The paper should provide the reader with both the means to carry out a choice experiment and to conduct a detailed critical analysis of its performance in order to give informed advice about the results. A discussion of the underlying economic model of choice experiments is incorporated, as well as a presentation of econometric models consistent with economic theory. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on the development of a choice experiment is provided, which in particular focuses on the design of the experiment and tests of validity. Finally, a discussion on different ways to calculate welfare effects is presented.
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| 27. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Using Choice Experiments for Non-Market Valuation
- 2001
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper provides the latest research developments in the method of choice experiments applied to valuation of non-market goods. Choice experiments, along with the, by now, well-known contingent valuation method, are very important tools for valuing non-market goods and the results are used in both cost-benefit analyses and litigations related to damage assessments. The paper should provide the reader with both the means to carry out a choice experiment and to conduct a detailed critical analysis of its performance in order to give informed advice about the results. A discussion of the underlying economic model of choice experiments is incorporated, as well as a presentation of econometric models consistent with economic theory. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on the development of a choice experiment is provided, which in particular focuses on the design of the experiment and tests of validity. Finally, a discussion on different ways to calculate welfare effects is presented.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968, et al.
(author)
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What Contributes to Life Satisfaction in Transitional Romania?
- 2006
-
In: Review of Development Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; 10:1, s. 59-70
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyzes life satisfaction in Romania in 2001, 12 years after the collapse of communism and the beginning of the transition into a market economy. Using a survey of 1770 individuals,we find that our results are very similar to studies in Western Europe and the USA. Life satisfaction increases with housing standard, health status, economic situation, education, trusting other people, and living in the countryside, and decreases with rising unemployment. However, life satisfaction is lower than in Western countries with about 740f the people in the sample being not at all satisfied or not quite satisfied with their life in general, and the remaining part being quite satisfied or very satisfied. A policy discussion concludes the paper.
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| 30. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
What contributes to life satisfaction intransitional Romania?
- 2003
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper analyzes life satisfaction in Romania in 2001, 12 years after the collapse of communism and the beginning of the transition into a market economy. Using a survey of 1770 individuals, we find that our results are very similar to studies in Western Europe and the US. Life satisfaction increases with housing standard, health status, economic situation, education, trusting other people, and living in the countryside, and decreases with rising unemployment. However, life satisfaction is lower than in Western countries with about 750f the people in the sample being not at all satisfied or quite dissatisfied with their life in general. A policy discussion concludes the paper.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Aravena, C., et al.
(author)
-
Does money talk? - The effect of a monetary attribute on the marginal values in a choice experiment
- 2014
-
In: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883. ; 44, s. 483-491
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When designing choice experiments for nonmarket valuation the role of the price attribute is of major importance. In the energy sector the uncertainty of future direction of changes in prices makes it difficult to include an adequate price vector in the design. We separately investigate the implication of using price vectors with increases and decreases in tariffs from current levels, on marginal value estimate from choice experiment data developed using prospect theory. In addition, we also analyse the effect of excluding the price vector on these marginal values. By and large, our results support the neoclassical theory as we find that the means of the conditional estimates of the marginal values of attributes are unaffected by the direction of the price change and from exclusion of the price attribute. However, the distributions show a larger spread of values when the choice experiment implies a tariff decrease, which may have policy implications.
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| 33. |
- Björk, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Cooperation under risk and ambiguity
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The return from investments in public goods is almost always uncertain, in contrast to the most common setup in the existing empirical literature. We study the impact of natural uncertainty on cooperation in a social dilemma by conducting a public goods experiment in the laboratory in which the marginal return to contributions is either deterministic, risky (known probabilities) or ambiguous (unknown probabilities). Our design allows us to make inferences on differences in cooperative attitudes, beliefs, and one-shot as well as repeated contributions to the public good under the three regimes. Interestingly, we do not find that natural uncertainty has a significant impact on the inclination to cooperate, neither on the beliefs of others nor on actual contribution decisions. Our results support the generalizability of previous experimental results based on deterministic settings. From a behavioural point of view, it appears that strategic uncertainty overshadows natural uncertainty in social dilemmas.
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| 34. |
- Bluffstone, Randall A., et al.
(author)
-
Does Providing Improved Biomass Cooking Stoves Free-of-Charge Reduce Regular Usage? Do Use Incentives Promote Habits?
- 2021
-
In: Land Economics. - 0023-7639 .- 1543-8325. ; 97:1, s. 180-195
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article uses a field experiment to evaluate effects of monetary treatments on usage intensity of an important improved biomass-burning cookstove promoted in Ethiopia. Understanding whether, how much and why improved stoves are used are important, because use frequency critically determines fuelwood savings and related benefits. We find that distributing stoves free-ofcharge is at least as effective for promoting short-run adoption as requiring payments or offering usage incentives. Free distribution is most effective at promoting both high and increasing levels of longer-run regular use. First period incentives do not better promote usage habits compared with the other two treatments. (JEL O12; O13)
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| 35. |
- Bluffstone, Randy, et al.
(author)
-
Cooperative behavior and common pool resources: Experimental evidence from community forest user groups in Nepal
- 2020
-
In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 129
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2020 This paper examines whether cooperative behavior by respondents measured as contributions in a one-shot public goods experiment correlates with reported forest collective action behaviors and forest outcomes, such as more carbon storage, regeneration and mature trees. Forest collective action behaviors are costly and form the basis of most community forestry programs. Using our experiment, combined with regression analysis, we find significant evidence that more cooperative individuals engage in collective action behaviors that support common forests, once we adjust for demographic factors, wealth and location. Those who contribute more in the public goods experiment are found to be more likely to report that they have planted trees in community forests during the previous month and invested in biogas. They also planted more trees on their own farms, likely spent more time monitoring community forests and planted more trees in community forests. We then find that forest collective action behaviors are associated with some aspects of better forest quality and especially forest regeneration, which shows robust results across forest collective action behaviors. These results suggest that policies to support forest collective action, such as democratization of local governance, assuring fair distribution of benefits, graduated sanctions, etc., could be very important for forest quality and economic outcomes associated with forest resources.
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| 36. |
- Bluffstone, R., et al.
(author)
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Experience and Learning with Improved Technologies: Evidence from Improved Biomass Cookstoves in Ethiopia
- 2022
-
In: Environmental & Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 81, s. 271-285
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides field experiment-based evidence that user experience and learning can increase the attractiveness of an important new cooking technology promoted in Ethiopia. Slow cooking is a potentially significant stumbling block in promoting new lower-emission, fuelwood-conserving cookstoves. We ran a randomized experiment that made these improved stoves available to potential users and conducted three rounds of controlled cooking tests over a one year period, with each respondent cooking on both traditional and improved stoves on the same day. We combined our CCT results with electronic stove use monitoring data to derive inferences related to learning. Although times to cook standardized batches of injera, the Ethiopian staple, are initially on average 25% longer using the new stove, we document that with experience households reduced cook times by 18% over the first 5 to 6 months of adoption, with a further 7% reduction in the next 6 months, leading to negligible differences in cook times within a year of adoption. Those who regularly used the stoves saw greater cooking time savings, suggesting learning-by-doing was important. Fuelwood savings associated with the stove do not appear to be driven by experience or learning.
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| 37. |
- Bouchouicha, Ranoua, et al.
(author)
-
Stake effects on ambiguity attitudes for gains and losses
- 2017
-
In: Theory and Decision. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0040-5833 .- 1573-7187. ; 83:1, s. 19-35
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We test the effect of stake size on ambiguity attitudes. Compared to a baseline condition, we find subjects to be more ambiguity seeking for small-probability gains and large-probability losses under high stakes. They are also more ambiguity averse for large-probability gains and small-probability losses. We trace these effects back to stake effects on decisions under risk (known probabilities) and uncertainty (unknown probabilities). For risk, we replicate previous findings. For uncertainty, we find an increase in probabilistic insensitivity under high stakes that is driven by increased uncertainty aversion for large-probability gains and for small-probability losses.
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| 38. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Are only-children different? Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment of the Chinese one-child policy
- 2022
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we present evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment of the effects of the Chinese one-child policy on adults in China who were born just before and after the introduction of the policy. We measure risk, uncertainty, and time preferences, as well as subjects' preferences in the social domain, i.e., concerning competitiveness, cooperation, and bargaining. We sampled people from three Chinese provinces born both before and after the introduction of the policy in 1979. We utilize the fact that the one-child policy was introduced at different times and with different degrees of strictness in different provinces. Overall, we find a statistically significant effect only on risk and uncertainty aversion and not on any other preferences in the experiments: Those born after the introduction of the one-child policy are less risk and uncertainty averse. These results hold for various robustness checks and heterogeneity tests. Hence, our results do not confirm the general wisdom and stereotype of only-children in China being "little emperors."Copyright:
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| 39. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Are Vietnamese Farmers Concerned with their Relative Position in Society?
- 2005
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper examines the attitude towards relative position or status among rural households in Vietnam. On average, the respondents show weaker preferences for relative position than in comparable studies in Western countries. Possible explanations are the emphasis on the importance of equality and that villagers are very concerned with how the local community perceives their actions. We also investigate what influences the concern for relative position and find, among other things, that if anyone from the household is a member of the Peoples Committee then the respondent is more concerned with the relative position.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Cost of Power Outages for Manufacturing Firms in Ethiopia: A Stated Preference Study
- 2018
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Having a reliable supply of electricity is essential for the operation of any firm. In most developing countries, however, electricity supply is highly unreliable. In this study, we estimate the cost of power outages for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a stated preference survey. We find that the willingness to pay, and thus the cost of power outages, is substantial. The estimated willingness to pay for a reduction of one power outage corresponds to a tariff increase of 16 percent. The willingness to pay for reducing the average length of a power outage by one hour corresponds to a 33 percent increase. The compensating variation for a zero-outage situation corresponds to about three times the current electricity cost. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in costs across sectors, firm sizes, and levels of electricity consumption. Policy makers could consider this observed heterogeneity when it comes to aspects such as where to invest to improve reliability and different types of electricity contracts.
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Cost of power outages for manufacturing firms in Ethiopia: A stated preference study
- 2020
-
In: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883. ; 88
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2020 Elsevier B.V. A reliable supply of electricity is essential for an operation of a firm. Nevertheless, in most developing countries electricity supply is highly unreliable. In this study, we estimate the cost of power outages for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a stated preference survey. We find that the willingness to pay, and thus the cost of power outages, is substantial. The estimated willingness to pay for a reduction of one power outage corresponds to a tariff increase of 16 %. The willingness to pay for reducing the average length of a power outage by 1 h corresponds to a 33% increase. The compensating variation for a zero-outage situation corresponds to about three times the current electricity cost. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in costs across sectors, firm sizes, and levels of electricity consumption. Policy makers could consider this observed heterogeneity when it comes to aspects such as where to invest to improve reliability, and introduce differentiated electricity contracts.
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Do Experience and Cheap Talk influence Willingness to Pay in an Open-Ended Contingent Valuation Survey?
- 2006
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper we analyze the effect of information on respondent´s willingness to pay to avoid power outages in Sweden, by employing an open-ended contingent valuation survey. Two aspects of information are tested; (i) if increased experience from power outages manifested by one of the worst hurricanes ever in Sweden with long power outages as a result and (ii) if a cheap talk script affect the respondent´s WTP. The results indicate that experience increases the proportion of respondents with a zero WTP significantly, which is consistent with the view presented in media in the backwash of the hurricane stressing the right to access power without outages. On the other hand, the cheap talk script decreased the proportion of respondents with zero WTP. In both cases, however, there is no significant effect on the stated WTP conditional on reporting a positive WTP. Thus, information seems to affect the proportion of respondents with a zero WTP, and implications of this on future applications of open-ended contingent valuation surveys are discussed.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Do Hypothetical and Actual Willingness to Pay Differ in Choice Experiments? - Application to the Valuation of the Environment
- 1999
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper we test the validity of choice experiments with donations for environmental projects. In particular, we test whether or not willingness to pay for projects differs between a hypothetical and an actual choice experiment. Our results do not indicate that choice experiments suffer from overstatement in hypothetical willingness to pay; and this contrasts the results found in external tests of validity in Contingent Valuation. In addition, internal tests of validity indicate transitive and stable preferences in both experiments
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| 47. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Do You Enjoy Having More Than Others? Survey Evidence of Positional Goods
- 2003
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Although conventional economic theory proposes that only the absolute levels of income and consumption matter for people´s utility, there is much evidence that relative concerns are often important. This paper uses a survey-experimental method to measure people´s perceptions of the degree to which such concerns matter, i.e. the degree of positionality. Based on a representative sample in Sweden, income and cars are found to be highly positional, on average. This is in contrast to leisure and car safety, which may even be completely non-positional.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Easy come, easy go - The role of windfall money in lab and field experiments
- 2009
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A growing number of experimental studies focus on the differences between the lab and the field. Important in this issue is the role of windfall money. By conducting a dictator game, where the recipient is a charity organization, in exactly the same way in the laboratory and in the field, we investigate the influence of windfall and earned endowment on behavior. We find a strong effect on donation amounts of earned endowment in the lab and the field. Subjects donate more if the endowment is a windfall gain. Thus, windfall money is important not only in a lab environment. However, even for earned endowment, there is a significant difference in behavior between the lab and the field.
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