| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Blackwell, Simon E., et al.
(author)
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Positive Imagery-Based Cognitive Bias Modification as a Web-Based Treatment Tool for Depressed Adults : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
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In: Clinical Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 3:1, s. 91-111
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Depression is a global health problem requiring treatment innovation. Targeting neglected cognitive aspects may provide a useful route. We tested a cognitive-training paradigm using positive mental imagery (imagery cognitive bias modification, imagery CBM), developed via experimental psychopathology studies, in a randomized controlled trial. Training was delivered via the Internet to 150 individuals with current major depression. Unexpectedly, there was no significant advantage for imagery CBM compared with a closely matched control for depression symptoms as a whole in the full sample. In exploratory analyses, compared with the control, imagery CBM significantly improved anhedonia over the intervention and improved depression symptoms as a whole for those participants with fewer than five episodes of depression and those who engaged to a threshold level of imagery. Results suggest avenues for improving imagery CBM to inform low-intensity treatment tools for depression. Anhedonia may be a useful treatment target for future work.
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| 3. |
- De Silva, Kushan, et al.
(author)
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Clinical notes as prognostic markers of mortality associated with diabetes mellitus following critical care : A retrospective cohort analysis using machine learning and unstructured big data
- 2021
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In: Computers in Biology and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0010-4825 .- 1879-0534. ; 132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Clinical notes are ubiquitous resources offering potential value in optimizing critical care via data mining technologies. Objective: To determine the predictive value of clinical notes as prognostic markers of 1-year all-cause mortality among people with diabetes following critical care. Materials and methods: Mortality of diabetes patients were predicted using three cohorts of clinical text in a critical care database, written by physicians (n = 45253), nurses (159027), and both (n = 204280). Natural language processing was used to pre-process text documents and LASSO-regularized logistic regression models were trained and tested. Confusion matrix metrics of each model were calculated and AUROC estimates between models were compared. All predictive words and corresponding coefficients were extracted. Outcome probability associated with each text document was estimated. Results: Models built on clinical text of physicians, nurses, and the combined cohort predicted mortality with AUROC of 0.996, 0.893, and 0.922, respectively. Predictive performance of the models significantly differed from one another whereas inter-rater reliability ranged from substantial to almost perfect across them. Number of predictive words with non-zero coefficients were 3994, 8159, and 10579, respectively, in the models of physicians, nurses, and the combined cohort. Physicians & rsquo; and nursing notes, both individually and when combined, strongly predicted 1-year all-cause mortality among people with diabetes following critical care. Conclusion: Clinical notes of physicians and nurses are strong and novel prognostic markers of diabetes-associated mortality in critical care, offering potentially generalizable and scalable applications. Clinical text-derived personalized risk estimates of prognostic outcomes such as mortality could be used to optimize patient care.
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| 4. |
- Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula, et al.
(author)
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The path to a better biomarker: application of a risk management framework for the implementation of PD‐L1 and TILs as immuno‐oncology biomarkers into breast cancer clinical trials and daily practice
- 2020
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In: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9896 .- 0022-3417. ; 250:5, s. 667-684
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 are now the standard of care in oncology across several hematologic and solid tumor types, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients with metastatic or locally advanced TNBC with PD‐L1 expression on immune cells occupying ≥1% of tumor area demonstrated survival benefit with the addition of atezolizumab to nab‐paclitaxel. However, concerns regarding variability between immunohistochemical PD‐L1 assay performance and inter‐reader reproducibility have been raised. High tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have also been associated with response to PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in patients with breast cancer (BC). TILs can be easily assessed on hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides and have shown reliable inter‐reader reproducibility. As an established prognostic factor in early stage TNBC, TILs are soon anticipated to be reported in daily practice in many pathology laboratories worldwide. Because TILs and PD‐L1 are parts of an immunological spectrum in BC, we propose the systematic implementation of combined PD‐L1 and TIL analyses as a more comprehensive immuno‐oncological biomarker for patient selection for PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibition‐based therapy in patients with BC. Although practical and regulatory considerations differ by jurisdiction, the pathology community has the responsibility to patients to implement assays that lead to optimal patient selection. We propose herewith a risk‐management framework that may help mitigate the risks of suboptimal patient selection for immuno‐therapeutic approaches in clinical trials and daily practice based on combined TILs/PD‐L1 assessment in BC.
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| 5. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(author)
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Mental imagery in emotion and emotional disorders
- 2010
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In: Clinical Psychology Review. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 30:3, s. 349-362
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mental imagery has been considered relevant to psychopathology due to its supposed special relationship with emotion, although evidence for this assumption has been conspicuously lacking. The present review is divided into four main sections: (1) First, we review evidence that imagery can evoke emotion in at least three ways: a direct influence on emotional systems in the brain that are responsive to sensory signals; overlap between processes involved in mental imagery and perception which can lead to responding "as if' to real emotion-arousing events; and the capacity of images to make contact with memories for emotional episodes in the past. (2) Second, we describe new evidence confirming that imagery does indeed evoke greater emotional responses than verbal representation, although the extent of emotional response depends on the image perspective adopted. (3) Third, a heuristic model is presented that contrasts the generation of language-based representations with imagery and offers an account of their differing effects on emotion, beliefs and behavior. (4) Finally, based on the foregoing review, we discuss the role of imagery in maintaining emotional disorders, and its uses in psychological treatment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(author)
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Positive interpretation training : Effects of mental imagery versus verbal training on positive mood
- 2006
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In: Behavior Therapy. - : ELSEVIER INC. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 37:3, s. 237-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Therapists often assume a special association between mental imagery and emotion, though empirical evidence has been lacking. Using an interpretation training paradigm, we previously found that imagery had a greater impact on anxiety than did verbal processing of the same material (Holmes & Mathews, 2005). Although the finding of a differential impact of imagery versus verbal processing of negative material was replicated, findings did not extend to benign material. Results therefore left open the question of whether there may be a special association between imagery and positive emotion. The current experiment examined positive interpretation training. Numerous scenarios were presented with initial ambiguity as to positive outcome or not, with final information then yielding consistently positive resolutions. Participants were asked to either imagine these positive events or to listen to the same descriptions while thinking about their verbal meaning. Those participants in the imagery condition reported greater increases in positive affect and rated new descriptions as being more positive than did those in the verbal condition. Results suggest that positive training can be enhanced through imagery as opposed to verbal processing. This study also provides the first test of a standardized intervention using an "interpretive bias training" paradigm to improve positive mood.
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| 7. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(author)
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The causal effect of mental imagery on emotion assessed using picture-word cues
- 2008
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In: Emotion. - : AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 1528-3542 .- 1931-1516. ; 8:3, s. 395-409
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hypothesis that mental imagery is more likely to elicit emotion than verbal processing of the same material was investigated in two studies. Participants saw a series of pictures, each accompanied by a word, designed to yield a negative or benign meaning when combined. Participants were either free to combine the picture and word as they wished (Experiment 1) or instructed to integrate them using either a descriptive sentence or a mental image (Experiment 2). Emotional response was consistently greater following imagery than after producing a sentence. Experiment 2 also demonstrated the causal effect of imagery on emotion and evaluative learning. Additional participants in Experiment 2 described aloud their images/sentences. Independent ratings of descriptions indicated that, as well as being more emotional, images differed from sentences elicited by identical cues by greater similarity to memories, and greater involvement of sensations and specific events. Results support the hypothesis that imagery evokes stronger affective responses than does verbal processing, perhaps because of sensitivity of emotional brain regions to imagery, the similarity of imagery to perception, and to autobiographical episodes.
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| 8. |
- Koh, Teck Ming, et al.
(author)
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Influence of 4-tert-Butylpyridine in DSCs with Co-II/III Redox Mediator
- 2013
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:30, s. 15515-15522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of TBP on Co(II/III) redox electrolyte was examined. Photocurrent of the device can be limited in electrolyte with high TBP concentration due to its viscous nature. The higher amount of TBP in electrolyte increases the viscosity of electrolyte and consequently slows down the diffusion of Co-III species. This is a unique observation for Co(II/III) electrolyte which is not observed in I-/I-3(-) electrolyte. An increase in TBP concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 M in a cobalt electrolyte containing 0.1 M Co(bpy)(3)(TFSI)(2) and 0.033 M Co(bpy)(3)(TFSI)(3) produced a 90 mV improvement in open-circuit potential (V-oc). Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), this enhancement could be attributed to the reduced interfacial recombination (33%) as well as a negative shift in the conduction 0 band level of TiO2 (67%). Although the influence of TBP in iodide/triiodide and cobalt-complex electrolytes is similar, the increase of viscosity at relatively high concentration of TBP in Co electrolyte should be taken into consideration in order to accomplish high efficiency DSCs based on Co-complex electrolytes.
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| 9. |
- Koh, Teck Ming, et al.
(author)
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Photovoltage enhancement from cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals and 4-tert-butylpyridine in Co(II/III) mediated dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2013
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In: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 49:80, s. 9101-9103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals (LCs), 5CB (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl) and 8CB (4-cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl), are introduced as additives into Co(II/ III) electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). An electrolyte containing a combination of these LCs and 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) exhibits higher photovoltage than one with only TBP, resulting in higher power conversion efficiency.
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| 10. |
- Mathews, Andrew, et al.
(author)
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Feels like the real thing : Imagery is both more realistic and emotional than verbal thought
- 2013
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In: Cognition & Emotion. - : PSYCHOLOGY PRESS. - 0269-9931 .- 1464-0600. ; 27:2, s. 217-229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of mental images involves processes that overlap with perception and the extent of this overlap may contribute to reality monitoring errors (i.e., images misremembered as actual events). We hypothesised that mental images would be more confused with having actually seen a pictured object than would alternative representations, such as verbal descriptions. We also investigated whether affective reactions to images were greater than to verbal descriptions, and whether emotionality was associated with more or less reality monitoring confusion. In two experiments signal detection analysis revealed that mental images were more likely to be confused with viewed pictures than were verbal descriptions. There was a general response bias to endorse all emotionally negative items, but accuracy of discrimination between imagery and viewed pictures was not significantly influenced by emotional valence. In a third experiment we found that accuracy of reality monitoring depended on encoding: images were more accurately discriminated from viewed pictures when rated for affect than for size. We conclude that mental images are both more emotionally arousing and more likely to be confused with real events than are verbal descriptions, although source accuracy for images varies according to how they are encoded.
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| 11. |
- Pictet, Arnaud, et al.
(author)
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Fishing for happiness : The effects of generating positive imagery on mood and behaviour
- 2011
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In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 49:12, s. 885-891
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experimental evidence using picture-word cues has shown that generating mental imagery has a causal impact on emotion, at least for images prompted by negative or benign stimuli. It remains unclear whether this finding extends to overtly positive stimuli and whether generating positive imagery can increase positive affect in people with dysphoria. Dysphoric participants were assigned to one of three conditions, and given instructions to generate mental images in response to picture word cues which were either positive, negative or mixed (control) in valence. Results showed that the positive picture-word condition increased positive affect more than the control and negative conditions. Participants in the positive condition also demonstrated enhanced performance on a behavioural task compared to the two other conditions. Compared to participants in the negative condition, participants in the positive condition provided more positive responses on a homophone task administered after 24 h to assess the durability of effects. These findings suggest that a positive picture-word task used to evoke mental imagery leads to improvements in positive mood, with transfer to later performance. Understanding the mechanisms underlying mood change in dysphoria may hold implications for both theory and treatment development. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Swanson, Heather Anne, et al.
(author)
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History as grounds for interdisciplinarity : promoting sustainable woodlands via an integrative ecological and socio-cultural perspective
- 2021
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In: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:2, s. 226-237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While calls for interdisciplinary research in environmental contexts are common, it often remains a struggle to integrate humanities/qualitative social sciences insights with those of bio-physical approaches. We propose that cross-disciplinary historical perspectives can open new avenues for collaboration among social and natural scientists while expanding visions of possible future environments and management scenarios. We make these arguments through attention to woodlands, which are under pressure from complex socio-ecological stressors that can best be understood from interdisciplinary perspectives. By combining deep ecological and shallower social historical approaches, we show how history can both enrich our understandings of woodland pasts and provide a ground for better combining the case-based insights of humanistic history with those of deep-time ecological history. We conclude that such interdisciplinary historical approaches are important not only for research, but also for management (especially rewilding and scenario-building), as the surprisingly large range of past changes reminds us that future conditions can be more varied than typically acknowledged.
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| 13. |
- Thomson, Steven, et al.
(author)
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The impact of diversity of ownership scale on social, economic and environmental outcomes : Exploration and case studies CR/2014/19
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This research report was commissioned by the Scottish Government to offer some insights into the local impacts of differing scales of rural land ownership in Scotland on social, economic and environmental outcomes.The study considered three case study pairs of parishes, each comprising a parish dominated by one or more large land owners and a nearby comparator parish that had historically been dominated by one or more large land owners but is no longer, due to ownership fragmentation at some point.The findings were intended to inform both the on-going development of Scotland's land reform policy and deliberations over the Land Reform (Scotland) Bill at the time of publication.
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