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1.
  • Nilsson, Magnus, et al. (author)
  • A 9-band WCDMA/EDGE transceiver supporting HSPA evolution
  • 2011
  • In: [Host publication title missing]. - 0193-6530. ; , s. 366-368
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The future of cellular radio ICs lies in the integration of an ever-increasing number of bands and channel bandwidths. This paper presents a transceiver together with the associated discrete front-end components. The transceiver supports 4 EDGE bands and 9 WCDMA bands (l-VI and Vlll-X), while the radio can be configured to simultaneously support the 4 EDGE bands and up to 5 WCDMA bands: 3 high bands (HB) and 2 low bands (LB). The RX is a SAW-less homodyne composed of a main RX and a diversity RX. To reduce package complexity with so many bands, we chose to minimize the number of ports by using single-ended RF interfaces for both RX and TX. This saves seve ral package pins, but requires careful attention to grounding. The main RX has 8 LNA ports and the diversity RX has 5, with some LNAs supporting multiple bands. On the TX side, 2 ports are used for all EDGE bands and 4 for the WCDMA bands.
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3.
  • Saguti, Fredy, et al. (author)
  • Surveillance of wastewater revealed peaks of SARS-CoV-2 preceding those of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
  • 2021
  • In: Water research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2448 .- 0043-1354. ; 189
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • SARS-CoV-2 was discovered among humans in Wuhan, China in late 2019, and then spread rapidly, causing a global pandemic. The virus was found to be transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets from infected persons or by direct contact. It was also shown to be excreted in feces, why we investigated whether the virus could be detected in wastewater and if so, to which extent its levels reflects its spread in society. Samples of wastewater from the city of Gothenburg, and surrounding municipalities in Sweden were collected daily from mid-February until June 2020 at the Rya wastewater treatment plant. Flow proportional samples of wastewater were collected to ensure that comparable amounts were obtained for analysis. Daily samples were pooled into weekly samples. Virus was concentrated on a filter and analyzed by RT-qPCR. The amount of SARS-CoV-2 varied with peaks approximately every four week, preceding variations in number of newly hospitalized patients by 19-21 days. At that time virus testing for COVID-19 was limited to patients with severe symptoms. Local differences in viral spread was shown by analyzing weekly composite samples of wastewater from five sampling sites for four weeks. The highest amount of virus was found from the central, eastern, and northern parts of the city. SARS-CoV-2 was also found in the treated effluent wastewater from the WWTP discharged into the recipient, the Göta River, although with a reduction of 4-log10. The viral peaks with regular temporal intervals indicated that SARS-CoV-2 may have a cluster spread, probably reflecting that the majority of infected persons only spread the disease during a few days. Our results are important for both the planning of hospital care and to rapidly identify and intervene against local spread of the virus.
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4.
  • Saguti, Fredy, et al. (author)
  • Surveillance of wastewater revealed peaks of SARS-CoV-2 preceding those of hospitalized patients with COVID-19
  • 2021
  • In: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 189
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • SARS-CoV-2 was discovered among humans in Wuhan, China in late 2019, and then spread rapidly, causing a global pandemic. The virus was found to be transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets from infected persons or by direct contact. It was also shown to be excreted in feces, why we investigated whether the virus could be detected in wastewater and if so, to which extent its levels reflects its spread in society. Samples of wastewater from the city of Gothenburg, and surrounding municipalities in Sweden were collected daily from mid-February until June 2020 at the Rya wastewater treatment plant. Flow proportional samples of wastewater were collected to ensure that comparable amounts were obtained for analysis. Daily samples were pooled into weekly samples. Virus was concentrated on a filter and analyzed by RT-qPCR. The amount of SARS-CoV-2 varied with peaks approximately every four week, preceding variations in number of newly hospitalized patients by 19-21 days. At that time virus testing for COVID-19 was limited to patients with severe symptoms. Local differences in viral spread was shown by analyzing weekly composite samples of wastewater from five sampling sites for four weeks. The highest amount of virus was found from the central, eastern, and northern parts of the city. SARS-CoV-2 was also found in the treated effluent wastewater from the WWTP discharged into the recipient, the Göta River, although with a reduction of 4-log10. The viral peaks with regular temporal intervals indicated that SARS-CoV-2 may have a cluster spread, probably reflecting that the majority of infected persons only spread the disease during a few days. Our results are important for both the planning of hospital care and to rapidly identify and intervene against local spread of the virus.
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6.
  • Ahlström, Magnus (author)
  • Offset Management for Large Systems : A Multibusiness Marketing Activity
  • 2000
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Offset, an advanced form of countertrade, is common in the international marketing of large infrastructure and defence systems. Offsets are activities that benefit the buying country for example in the form of local content, support of exports, subcontracts and technology transfer. In this doctoral dissertation Magnus Ahlström analyses how offset can be managed, not as a separate activity but in the context of large systems marketing. Based on eight case studies of marketing of large defence systems, the author develops four models to describe the offer, the seller, the buyer and the buyer-seller interaction.Offset is here seen as an intertwined component in the total offer, which cannot be managed separately from the technical system. Unrelated offset and offset related to the technical system require different management, but the two types need to be coordinated. Because of the need for resources and the interest from stakeholders the selling alliance and the extended buying centre are both multi-organisational including organisations with different interests and roles. For the seller e.g. the mobilisation of supporting organisations, subcontractors and local partners as well as control of their communication with the customer therefore become important. In addition project management also becomes a task of managing these relationships. The parallel processes of negotiations and implementation in the buyer-seller interaction increase the complexity of offset management. The management of offset in large systems marketing is here conceptualised as a multibusiness marketing activity, which is characterised by the involvement of multiple wants, multiple offers, multiple industries, multiple functions and multiple business partners.
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7.
  • Ameen, Arman, 1976-, et al. (author)
  • Assessment of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Office Rooms of a Historic Building: A Case Study in Springtime in Continental Climate
  • 2023
  • In: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 13:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • One of the most important aspects of working in an office environment is ensuring that the space has optimal thermal comfort and an indoor environment. The aim of this research is to investigate the thermal comfort and indoor climate in three office rooms located at one of the campus buildings at the University of Gävle, Sweden. The evaluated period is in the month of April during springtime. During this period, parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2, supply air flow rate, and room air velocities are measured on site. The results of the measurement show that the indoor temperature is on average lower in the rooms facing north, at 21–23.5 °C, compared to the rooms facing south, which reach high temperatures during sunny days, up to 26 °C. The results also show that the ventilation air supply rate is lower than the requirement for offices in two of the office rooms. The ACH rate is also low, at ≈ 1 h−1 for all the rooms, compared to the required levels of 2–4 h−1. The CO2 levels are within the recommended values; on average, the highest is in one of the south-facing rooms, with 768 ppm, and the maximum measured value is also in the same room, with 1273 ppm for a short period of time.
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9.
  • Andersson, Hanna, et al. (author)
  • Natur på skolgården för lärande, hälsa och hållbarhet
  • 2024. - 2024
  • Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • Gröna och artrika utemiljöer främjar barns och ungas välbefinnande och kunskap, bådegenom hälsofördelar kopplade till biologisk mångfald och genom att skapa förutsättningarför lek och lärande om natur och miljöfrågor. Skolgården skulle kunna bidra till allt detta,men är idag i hög grad en outnyttjad plats för biologisk mångfald och klimatanpassningav städer. I denna policy brief presenteras huvudsakliga motiv och möjliga åtgärder för attutveckla gröna miljöer och biologisk mångfald på skolgårdar och förskolegårdar.
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10.
  • Andersson, Therése, 1978-, et al. (author)
  • Tissue-specific increases in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in normal weight postmenopausal women
  • 2009
  • In: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:12, s. e8475-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • With age and menopause there is a shift in adipose distribution from gluteo-femoral to abdominal depots in women. Associated with this redistribution of fat are increased risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Glucocorticoids influence body composition, and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1) which converts inert cortisone to active cortisol is a putative key mediator of metabolic complications in obesity. Increased 11betaHSD1 in adipose tissue may contribute to postmenopausal central obesity. We hypothesized that tissue-specific 11betaHSD1 gene expression and activity are up-regulated in the older, postmenopausal women compared to young, premenopausal women. Twenty-three pre- and 23 postmenopausal, healthy, normal weight women were recruited. The participants underwent a urine collection, a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy and the hepatic 11betaHSD1 activity was estimated by the serum cortisol response after an oral dose of cortisone. Urinary (5alpha-tetrahydrocortisol+5beta-tetrahydrocortisol)/tetrahydrocortisone ratios were higher in postmenopausal women versus premenopausal women in luteal phase (P<0.05), indicating an increased whole-body 11betaHSD1 activity. Postmenopausal women had higher 11betaHSD1 gene expression in subcutaneous fat (P<0.05). Hepatic first pass conversion of oral cortisone to cortisol was also increased in postmenopausal women versus premenopausal women in follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (P<0.01, at 30 min post cortisone ingestion), suggesting higher hepatic 11betaHSD1 activity. In conclusion, our results indicate that postmenopausal normal weight women have increased 11betaHSD1 activity in adipose tissue and liver. This may contribute to metabolic dysfunctions with menopause and ageing in women.
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11.
  • Andreani, Pietro, et al. (author)
  • A TX VCO for WCDMA/EDGE in 90 nm RF CMOS
  • 2011
  • In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. - 0018-9200. ; 46:7, s. 1618-1626
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A VCO is implemented in an RF 90 nm CMOS process and covers the frequency range 2.55-4.08 GHz. Drawing 19 mA from 1.2 V, the phase noise at 20 MHz frequency offset from a 3.7 GHz carrier is -156 dBc/Hz, meeting the phase noise requirement for GSM/EDGE and SAW-less WCDMA transmitter after frequency division by 2 or by 4. A second version of the VCO covers an additional 4.90-5.75 GHz range, at the expense of a higher phase noise in the added band. In this way, all currently operational WCDMA/EDGE bands can be synthesized by a single VCO working at the double or quadruple of the desired band. A technique for shortening the transient response of the VCO during frequency tuning is also presented.
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12.
  • Ben-Shabat, Ilan, et al. (author)
  • Isolated hepatic perfusion as a treatment for liver metastases of uveal melanoma.
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; :95
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a procedure where the liver is surgically isolated and perfused with a high concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent melphalan. Briefly, the procedure starts with the setup of a percutaneous veno-venous bypass from the femoral vein to the external jugular vein. Via a laparotomy, catheters are then inserted into the proper hepatic artery and the caval vein. The portal vein and the caval vein, both supra- and infrahepatically, are then clamped. The arterial and venous catheters are connected to a heart lung machine and the liver is perfused with melphalan (1 mg/kg body weight) for 60 min. This way it is possible to locally perfuse the liver with a high dose of a chemotherapeutic agent, without leakage to the systemic circulation. In previous studies including patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma, an overall response rate of 33-100% and a median survival between 9 and 13 months, have been reported. The aim of this protocol is to give a clear description of how to perform the procedure and to discuss IHP as a treatment option for liver metastases of uveal melanoma.
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13.
  • Berthold, Malin, et al. (author)
  • Association of Sensitization to Specific Pet Allergen Components with Asthma Symptoms in School Children
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 135:2, s. AB22-AB22
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Animal sensitization is a known determinant of asthma in children. The objective was to study the association of asthma with sensitization to pet allergen components in schoolchildren. Methods: A random sample of 696 children (11-12 y) from a Swedish population-based cohort was analyzed for sensitization (≥0.1 kUA/L) to cat, dog and horse dander extracts using ImmunoCAP. Sensitized children were further analyzed for IgE antibodies to animal allergen components using ImmunoCAP ISAC112. An expanded ISAAC questionnaire was completed by the parents. Results: Of 259 animal-sensitized children (37%) the majority (75%) were sensitized to more than one species. Among the 11 % (n=77) with current asthma 69 % were sensitized to at least one animal extract, as compared to one third of children without current asthma (p<0.001). Current asthma and asthma symptoms upon contact with cats were associated with co-sensitization to Fel d 1 and Fel d 4. Already at moderate levels of IgE antibodies to Fel d 4 (1-15 ISU), at which level most children were sensitized also to Fel d 1, the prevalence of asthma symptoms upon contact with cats was significantly increased. Dog-sensitized children were commonly sensitized to several dog components, and the greatest risk for asthma was seen in children co-sensitized to Can f 5 and Can f 1/f 2. Conclusions: Among Northern Swedish schoolchildren furry animals were the main perennial sensitizers. Asthma symptoms were associated with sensitizations to multiple components within an animal species. In particular, cat Fel d 4 sensitization was strongly related to asthma symptoms.
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14.
  • Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al. (author)
  • A population-based study of animal component sensitization, asthma, and rhinitis in schoolchildren
  • 2015
  • In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 26:6, s. 557-563
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BackgroundAnimal sensitization is a major determinant of asthma in children. Component-resolved studies of unselected pediatric populations are lacking. The aim was to describe sensitization to animal components and the association with asthma and rhinitis in animal-sensitized schoolchildren. MethodsA random sample of 696 children (11-12years) from a Swedish population-based cohort was tested for sensitization to cat, dog, and horse dander using ImmunoCAP. Sera from animal-sensitized children were further analyzed by microarray including three allergen components from cat, four from dog, and two from horse. The parents completed an expanded ISAAC questionnaire. ResultsOf 259 animal-sensitized children (0.1 kU(A)/l), 51% were sensitized to all three, 23% to two, and 25% to one species. Current asthma and asthma symptoms following contact with cats were associated with co-sensitization to Fel d 1 and Fel d 4. This association was seen already at moderate-level sensitization (1-15 ISU) to Fel d 4, at which level most children were sensitized to Fel d 1, as well. In dog-sensitized children, the majority was sensitized to more than one dog component, and co-sensitization to Can f 5 and Can f 1/f 2 conferred the greatest risk for asthma. Sensitization to the highly cross-reactive serum albumins was uncommon and not associated with asthma. ConclusionsAmong schoolchildren in northern Sweden, where mite allergy is uncommon, furry animals were the primary perennial sensitizers. Asthma was associated with higher levels of component sensitization, and sensitization to more than one component from the same animal conferred the greatest risk.
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16.
  • Björling, Mikael, 1960-, et al. (author)
  • Infiltration of Air into two World Heritage Farmhouses in Sweden during Winter Conditions
  • 2018
  • In: Roomvent &amp; Ventilation 2018. - Helsinki, Finland. - 9789525236484 ; , s. 1079-1084
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As a part of an ongoing study, we report measurements of air infiltration during winter conditions into two Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. In winter these two-storied farmhouses are rarely heated, except for special occasions. In this measurement one farmhouse  was  unheated,  whereas  one  room  was  heated  for  a  brief  period  in  the  other  one.  The observed local mean ages of air measured with tracer gas techniques generally increase with height, both  locally  within  each  room  and  between  floors.  The  average  temperature  and  humidity  also increases from the first to the second floor. The indoor temperature follows the outdoor temperature with a time lag. The differences in water content between inside and outside air correlate with changes of the indoor relative humidity. The correlation is stronger for humidity increase than for humidity decrease, possibly due to moisture absorption by interior text.
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17.
  • Björling, Mikael, et al. (author)
  • Ventilation measurements combined with pollutant concentration measurements discriminates between high emission rates and insufficient ventilation
  • 2007
  • In: IAQVEC 2007 Indoor Air Quality Ventilation and Energy Conservation. ; , s. 393-400
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • High local concentrations of a pollutant can be the result of high local emission rates of the pollutant or insufficient ventilation. Using tracer gases to map the ventilation in multi-zone buildings combined with measurements of the local pollutant concentration provide the means to discriminate between these causes. In a similar manner, the propagation rate of pollutants from a source to a target zone and the emission rate of the pollutants at the source may be determined quantitatively.The paper presents both the theoretical framework for the techniques and experimental examples of the proposed methods.
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18.
  • Björnsson, Einar, 1958, et al. (author)
  • Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors in patients on long-term therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  • 2006
  • In: Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 24:6, s. 945-54
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The proportion of proton pump inhibitor users on long-term therapy who can discontinue proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication without developing symptoms is unknown. AIM: To determine the proportion of patients on long-term PPI therapy who are able to discontinue PPIs without developing symptoms. METHODS: Patients on long-term PPIs, without a history of peptic ulcer or esophagitis underwent upper endoscopy. Patients were randomized double-blindly to taper down or continue a constant dosage of omeprazole for three weeks. Thereafter, all patients discontinued PPIs. RESULTS: Of the 97 patients enrolled, had used PPIs for 48 months, 78% had GERD. A total of 27% did not use PPIs during the year after discontinuation, 31% of the patients randomized to tapering discontinued PPIs and 22% of those who did not could discontinue therapy (NS). Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients were more prone to continue PPIs than non-GERD patients. Only 16 (21%) of GERD patients were off PPIs vs. 48% of patients without GERD (p < 0.05). Serum gastrin was higher at baseline in GERD patients who resumed PPIs versus non-resumers (p < 0.05). GERD and serum gastrin were independent predictors of PPI requirement. CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuation of PPI was successful in 27% of long-term PPI users. GERD patients had more difficulty discontinuing PPIs than non-GERD patients.
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  • Blimark, Magnus, 1963, et al. (author)
  • Swedish emergency hospital surgical surge capacity to mass casualty incidents
  • 2020
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 28:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background In Sweden the surgical surge capacity for mass casualty incidents (MCI) is managed by county councils within their dedicated budget. It is unclear whether healthcare budget constraints have affected the regional MCI preparedness. This study was designed to investigate the current surgical MCI preparedness at Swedish emergency hospitals. Methods Surveys were distributed in 2015 to department heads of intensive care units (ICU) and surgery at 54 Swedish emergency hospitals. The survey contained quantitative measures as the number of (1) surgical trauma teams in hospital and available after activating the disaster plan, (2) surgical theatres suitable for multi-trauma care, and (3) surgical ICU beds. The survey was also distributed to the Armed Forces Centre for Defence Medicine. Results 53 hospitals responded to the survey (98%). Included were 10 university hospitals (19%), 42 county hospitals (79%), and 1 private hospital (2%). Within 8 h the surgical capacity could be increased from 105 to 399 surgical teams, while 433 surgical theatres and 480 ICU beds were made available. The surgical surge capacity differed between university hospitals and county hospitals, and regional differences were identified regarding the availability of surgical theatres and ICU beds. Conclusions The MCI preparedness of Swedish emergency care hospitals needs further attention. To improve Swedish surgical MCI preparedness a national strategy for trauma care in disaster management is necessary.
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20.
  • Bridel, Claire, et al. (author)
  • Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  • 2019
  • In: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Importance  Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives  To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources  PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection  Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis  Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure  The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results  Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance  These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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21.
  • Bringselius, Louise, et al. (author)
  • Vem ska bestämma? Dilemman kring effektivitetsrevisorns professionella utrymme - och riksrevisorns roll
  • 2014
  • In: Riksrevisionen 10 år: Granskning, ansvar, lärande. - 9789186949525
  • Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • Riksrevisionens första tio år har präglats av turbulens. En fråga som har vållat särskild debatt är inskränkningarna av effektivitetsrevisorns utrymme för självständigt utövande av det professionella omdömet. Detta kapitel ägnas åt den frågan. Det baseras på tio års nära forskning om Riksrevisionen. När myndigheten bildades valde riksrevisorerna att öka sitt eget inflytande över granskningarna, samtidigt som revisorns professionella utrymme i stället minskades. Ambitionen var att öka kvaliteten i granskningarna. Kritiken från revisorerna har varit omfattande och handlat om såväl minskad motivation som principiella avvägningar. Kapitlet visar hur frågan om det professionella utrymmet innebär en svår avvägning i dessa avseenden, men också hur det finns tydliga normer i INTOSAI:s riktlinjer och den internationella litteraturen kring revision, som stipulerar att revisorns professionella utrymme bör vara tämligen omfattande. Kapitlet argumenterar att en anledning till utvecklingen och konflikterna i frågan på Riksrevisionen kan vara oklarhet avseende riksrevisorernas roll. Dessa kan antingen vara tillsatta primärt för att säkra granskningens kvalitet eller primärt för att administrativt leda och utveckla verksamheten och dess relationer. Här finns tecken på diskrepans mellan riksrevisorernas egen syn och den syn som riksdagen ger uttryck för.
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22.
  • Broström, Tor, et al. (author)
  • Convective heating in a medieval church : Effects of air-to-air heat pumps on air movements, particle deposition and temperature distribution
  • 2009
  • In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms (Roomvent) 2009, Busan, Korea.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In Europe many historic buildings use direct electric heating. Air-to-air heat pumps are an interesting alternative, in particular for conservation heating. However, the convective heating may accelerate soiling of walls and artefacts by increasing the velocity and turbulence. The objective of the present paper is to discuss the general problem, the methodology for studying air motions and temperature distribution, and to present the results from a case study where air-to-air heat pumps and bench heaters were used for heating in a medieval church. The temperatures, velocities and humidity in the church have been measured for four different heating modes. The present study does not indicate any major disadvantages of using heat pumps for background heating in stone churches of the studied kind. More detailed long term studies are needed to ascertain the effects over time.
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24.
  • Båth, Magnus, 1974, et al. (author)
  • Nodule detection in digital chest radiography: introduction to the RADIUS chest trial.
  • 2005
  • In: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 85-91
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Most digital radiographic systems of today have wide latitude and are hence able to provide images with a small constraint on dose level. This opens up for an unprejudiced dose optimisation. However, in order to succeed in the optimisation task, good knowledge of the imaging and detection processes is needed. As a part of the European-wide research project 'unification of physical and clinical requirements for medical X-ray imaging'-governed by the Radiological Imaging Unification Strategies (RADIUS) Group-a major image quality trial was conducted by members of the group. The RADIUS chest trial was focused on the detection of lung nodules in digital chest radiography with the aims of determining to what extent (1) the detection of a nodule is dependent on its location, (2) the system noise disturbs the detection of lung nodules, (3) the anatomical noise disturbs the detection of lung nodules and (4) the image background and anatomical background act as pure noise for the detection of lung nodules. The purpose of the present paper is to give an introduction to the trial and describe the framework and set-up of the investigation.
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25.
  • Båth, Magnus, et al. (author)
  • OPTIMISATION in X-RAY and MOLECULAR IMAGING 2020
  • 2021
  • In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 195:3-4, s. 133-133
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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26.
  • Börjesson, Sara, et al. (author)
  • A software tool for increased efficiency in observer performance studies in radiology.
  • 2005
  • In: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 45-52
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Observer performance studies are time-consuming tasks, both for the participating observers and for the scientists collecting and analysing the data. A possible way to optimise such studies is to perform them in a completely digital environment. A software tool-ViewDEX (Viewer for Digital Evaluation of X-ray images)-has been developed in Java, enabling it to function on almost any computer. ViewDEX is designed to handle several types of studies, such as visual grading analysis (VGA), image criteria scoring (ICS) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The results from each observer are saved in a log file, which can be exported for further analysis in, for example, a special software for analysing ROC results. By using ViewDEX for an ROC experiment, an evaluation rate of approximately 200 images per hour can be achieved, compared to approximately 25 images per hour using hard copy evaluation. The results are obtained within minutes of completion of the viewing. The risk of human errors in the process of data collection and analysis is also minimised. The viewer has been used in a major trial containing approximately 2700 images.
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28.
  • Carlander, C., et al. (author)
  • Cohort profile: InfCareHIV, a prospective registry-based cohort study of people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden
  • 2023
  • In: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 13:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose The Swedish InfCareHIV cohort was established in 2003 to ensure equal and effective care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and enable long-term follow-up. InfCareHIV functions equally as a decision support system as a quality registry, ensuring up-to-date data reported in real time. Participants InfCareHIV includes data on >99% of all people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden and up to now 13029 have been included in the cohort. InfCareHIV includes data on HIV-related biomarkers and antiretroviral therapies (ART) and also on demographics, patient-reported outcome measures and patient-reported experience measures. Findings to date Sweden was in 2015 the first country to reach the UNAIDS (United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)/WHO's 90-90-90 goals. Late diagnosis of HIV infection was identified as a key problem in the Swedish HIV-epidemic, and low-level HIV viraemia while on ART associated with all-cause mortality. Increased HIV RNA load in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite suppression of the plasma viral load was found in 5% of PLHIV, a phenomenon referred to as 'CSF viral escape'. Dolutegravir-based treatment in PLHIV with pre-existing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-mutations was non-inferior to protease inhibitor-based regimens. An increase of transmitted drug resistance was observed in the InfCareHIV cohort. Lower efficacy for protease inhibitors was not due to lower adherence to treatment. Incidence of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance was high in the ageing HIV population. Despite ART, the risk of infection-related cancer as well as lung cancer was increased in PLHIV compared with HIV-negative. PLHIV were less likely successfully treated for cervical precancer and more likely to have human papillomavirus types not included in current HPV vaccines. Self-reported sexual satisfaction in PLHIV is improving and is higher in women than men. Future plans InfCareHIV provides a unique base to study and further improve long-term treatment outcomes, comorbidity management and health-related quality of life in people with HIV in Sweden.
  •  
29.
  •  
30.
  • Chen, L., et al. (author)
  • Numerical investigations of wind and thermal environment in 2D scaled street canyons with various aspect ratios and solar wall heating
  • 2021
  • In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 190
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Optimizing urban ventilation is an effective way to improve urban air quality and thermal environment. For this purpose, under the validation of wind-tunnel experiments, flow regimes and micro thermal environment in typical reduced-canyon models with aspect ratios (AR) of 1.1, 2.4, 4 and 5.67 were investigated by CFD simulations using periodic boundary condition. ANSYS Fluent 15.0 with a solar ray tracing model and radiation model was performed to numerically study turbulence characteristics with wind-driven force and solar-heating conditions. Results revealed that, with wind-driven condition, a clockwise vortex existed in normal and deep street canyon (AR = 1.1 and 2.4) while two counter-rotating vortices appeared in extremely deep canyon (AR = 4 and 5.67). Moreover, different turbulence structures and air temperature distribution existed in canyons with different solar-heating conditions. When the leeward wall or ground was heated, the pedestrian-level velocity increased and street ventilation was strengthened compared to wind-driven condition for all AR values. Particularly, the single main vortex was strengthened (AR = 1.1 and 2.4), and the two-vortex structure in extremely deep canyons (AR = 4 and 5.67) changed to single-vortex structure. When the windward wall was heated, the clockwise main vortex at AR = 1.1 and 2.4 was deformed, and a new sub vortex gradually appeared near street bottom. Furthermore, at AR = 4 and 5.67, windward solar heating destroyed the two-vortex structure and slightly improved pollutant dilution capacity. This work implied that extremely deep street design with weak pedestrian-level ventilation should be avoided. It also provides a meaningful reference for urban planning.
  •  
31.
  • Clark, DW, et al. (author)
  • Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes
  • 2019
  • In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4957-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.
  •  
32.
  • Colleoni, Marco, et al. (author)
  • Site of primary tumor has a prognostic role in operable breast cancer: the international breast cancer study group experience.
  • 2005
  • In: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X. ; 23:7, s. 1390-400
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Cancer presenting at the medial site of the breast may have a worse prognosis compared with tumors located in external quadrants. For medial tumors, axillary lymph node staging may not accurately reflect the metastatic potential of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight-thousand four-hundred twenty-two patients randomly assigned to International Breast Cancer Study Group clinical trials between 1978 and 1999 were classified as medial site (1,622; 19%) or lateral, central, and other sites (6,800; 81%). Median follow-up was 11 years. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed for patients with medial tumors versus those with nonmedial tumors in disease-free survival (DFS; 10-year DFS, 46% v 48%; HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18; P = .01) and overall survival (10-year OS 59% v 61%; HR, 1.09; 1.01 to 1.19; P = .04). This difference increased after adjustment for other prognostic factors (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.32 for DFS; and HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.35 for OS; both P = .0001). The risk of relapse for patients with medial presentation was largest for the node-negative cohort and for patients with tumors larger than 2 cm. In the subgroup of 2,931 patients with negative axillary lymph nodes, 10-year DFS was 61% v 67%, and OS was 73% v 80% for medial versus nonmedial sites, respectively (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.54; P = .0001 for DFS; and HR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.67; P = .0003 for OS). CONCLUSION: Tumor site has a significant prognostic utility, especially for axillary lymph node-negative disease, that should be considered in therapeutic algorithms. New staging procedures such as biopsy of the sentinel internal mammary nodes or novel imaging methods should be further studied in patients with medial tumors.
  •  
33.
  • Cooper, Ed, et al. (author)
  • Pressure Pulse Technique – A New Method for Measuring the Leakage of the Building Envelope of Churches
  • 2011
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The University of Gävle is currently involved in a project on saving energy in historic buildings (churches). An important factor in the determination of the natural ventilation rate is the adventitious leakage of the envelope. Measurement of leakage is therefore a key feature of the investigations. It was decided to adopt a new technique developed at the University of Nottingham (UNott). It is a pulse technique compared to the conventional steady technique.The conventional technique consists of generating a steady and high pressure difference (50 Pa) across the envelope by means of a fan. Such pressures are rarely encountered in ventilation and this leads to errors in the low-pressure leakage. Furthermore the use of the conventional blower door technique in churches is difficult due to their large volume and the need to replace the doors.The underlying principle of the UNott technique is described and examples of results are given. The most important advantage of the Unott technique is that the leakage is determined at the low pressure differences that are encountered with ventilation e.g. 4 Pa. This is made possible primarily by the fact that the effects of wind and buoyancy at the time of the test are eliminated by taking account of the pressure variation before and after the pulse.For measurements in large buildings, a number of identical piston/cylinder units have to be operated simultaneously. The University of Gavle has developed a system whereby up to seven units can be used. Such a number is required for a leaky church and this is the first time this has been done.
  •  
34.
  • Cooper, Ed W, et al. (author)
  • Measurement of the adventitious leakage of churches with a novel pulse technique
  • 2011
  • In: Proc. Roomvent 2011. - Trondheim, Norge : Tapir Akademisk Forlag. - 9788251928120
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The University of Gavle is currently involved in a project on saving energy in historic buildings (churches). An important factor in the determination of the natural ventilation rate is the adventitious leakage of the envelope. Measurement of leakage is therefore a key feature of the investigations. It was decided to adopt a new technique developed at the University of Nottingham (UNott). It is a pulse technique compared to the conventional steady technique.The conventional technique consists of generating a steady and high pressure difference (50 Pa) across the envelope by means of a fan. Such pressures are rarely encountered in ventilation and this leads to errors in the low-pressure leakage. Furthermore the use of the conventional blower door technique in churches is difficult due to their large volume and the need to replace the doors.The underlying principle of the UNott technique is described and examples of results are given. The most important advantage of the Unott technique is that the leakage is determined at the low pressure differences that are encountered with ventilation e.g. 4 Pa. This is made possible primarily by the fact that the effects of wind and buoyancy at the time of the test are eliminated by taking account of the pressure variation before and after the pulse.For measurements in large buildings, a number of identical piston/cylinder units have to be operated simultaneously. The University of Gävle has developed a system whereby up to seven units can be used. Such a number is required for a leaky church and this is the first time this has been done.
  •  
35.
  • Dustler, Magnus, et al. (author)
  • Breast compression in mammography: pressure distribution patterns
  • 2012
  • In: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 53:9, s. 973-980
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Breast compression is important in mammography in order to improve image quality, better separate tissue components, and reduce absorbed dose to the breast. In this study we use a method to measure and visualize the distribution of pressure over a compressed breast in mammography. Purpose: To measure and describe the pressure distribution over the breast as a result of applied breast compression in mammography. Material and Methods: One hundred and three women aged 40.7-74.3 years (median, 48.9 years) invited for mammographic screening consented to take part in this study. They were subjected to two additional breast compressions of the left breast (standard force and approximately 50% reduction). Pressure images of the compressed breast were obtained using force sensing resistor (FSR) sensors placed underneath the compression plate. Subjects rated their experience of pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Four pressure patterns were identified, fitting 81 of the 103 breasts, which were grouped accordingly. The remaining 22 breasts were found to correspond to a combination of any two patterns. Two groups (43 breasts) showed pressure mainly over the juxtathoracic part of the breast, had significantly greater breast thickness (P = 0.003) and had a lower mean pressure over dense tissue (P < 0.0001) than those with more evenly distributed pressure. Reducing compression force increased average breast thickness by 1.8 mm (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The distribution of pressure differed greatly between breasts. In a large proportion of breasts the compression plate did not provide optimal compression of the breast, the compression force being absorbed in juxtathoracic structures.
  •  
36.
  • Falk, Anders B., et al. (author)
  • Influence of some weather parameters on the susceptibility of apple fruit to postharvest grey mould attack
  • 2018
  • In: Proceedings 2018. ; , s. 124-127
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Several cultural and weather factors during the season influence the susceptibility of apple fruit to post-harvest pathogens. In the present study, the effect of different weather parameters on postharvest susceptibility of apples of the cv. ‘Ingrid Marie’ to grey mould was investigated. In 2015, apple fruit were collected from orchards in Southern Sweden, where local weather stations monitored different parameters. After harvest, the fruit were tested for susceptibility to grey mould by artificially inoculating them with%FLQHUHD. Lesion development was monitored over a 10-day-period. Analysis of results for a few orchards showed that cold weather for over a month preceding harvest and a low total number of growth degree days gave apples that were more susceptible to grey mould. This study was carried out in conventional orchards, but the conclusions can be important also for organic production, since they deal with the general effect of sunshine, temperature and rain, factors that may strengthen fruit during cultivation, regardless of production type. Future studies may focus on organic production to investigate whether these effects are general and also apply to organic production.
  •  
37.
  • Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al. (author)
  • CREATING A STRUCTURED MEETING ARENA FOR KNOWLEDGE SHARING
  • 2014
  • In: The sixth Swedish Production Symposium. - 9789198097412
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper aims to describe how to create and structure a meeting arena by combining organisation structure and information structure; this will be used in order to create an innovative and creative arena for knowledge sharing and problem solving within the company. The model is exemplified by four industrial case-studies. Results reveal that most of the companies do not have any standards for information- or knowledge sharing, most improvement potentials are seen in structuring and storing the right information (IS), aiming from tacit towards explicit knowledge (OS) and this could be done by structuring the questions in the OS-M-IS model and by creating innovative and creative meeting arenas.
  •  
38.
  • Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al. (author)
  • CREATING STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS – CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS
  • 2014
  • In: The sixth Swedish Production Symposium. - 9789198097412
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper present result from three global companies regarding strategies for creating global instructions, the studies are from a current state perspective. The result is based from a survey with 65 respondents. The designers are responsible for instructions and are from two different areas; assembly and service market. Furthermore a workshop has been arranged were two of three companies participated. Three main issues towards formulating a strategy will be discussed; (1) Information carrier; the results reveal that the most common information carrier for instructions are, Paper, Personal meetings and Desktops. (2) Who is responsible for quality assurance, most answers were production engineers. (3) Are there any standards concerning instruction at your company today? The respondents answered yes or under development in over 80 % of the cases on the question; if it exist any standards today.
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39.
  • Fegraeus, Kim, et al. (author)
  • An endothelial regulatory module links blood pressure regulation with elite athletic performance
  • 2024
  • In: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 20:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The control of transcription is crucial for homeostasis in mammals. A previous selective sweep analysis of horse racing performance revealed a 19.6 kb candidate regulatory region 50 kb downstream of the Endothelin3 (EDN3) gene. Here, the region was narrowed to a 5.5 kb span of 14 SNVs, with elite and sub-elite haplotypes analyzed for association to racing performance, blood pressure and plasma levels of EDN3 in Coldblooded trotters and Standardbreds. Comparative analysis of human HiCap data identified the span as an enhancer cluster active in endothelial cells, interacting with genes relevant to blood pressure regulation. Coldblooded trotters with the sub-elite haplotype had significantly higher blood pressure compared to horses with the elite performing haplotype during exercise. Alleles within the elite haplotype were part of the standing variation in pre-domestication horses, and have risen in frequency during the era of breed development and selection. These results advance our understanding of the molecular genetics of athletic performance and vascular traits in both horses and humans.
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40.
  • Fredolini, Claudia, et al. (author)
  • Proteome profiling of home-sampled dried blood spots reveals proteins of SARS-CoV-2 infections
  • 2024
  • In: Communications Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 2730-664X. ; 4:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background Self-sampling of dried blood spots (DBS) offers new routes to gather valuable health-related information from the general population. Yet, the utility of using deep proteome profiling from home-sampled DBS to obtain clinically relevant insights about SARS-CoV-2 infections remains largely unexplored.Methods Our study involved 228 individuals from the general Swedish population who used a volumetric DBS sampling device and completed questionnaires at home during spring 2020 and summer 2021. Using multi-analyte COVID-19 serology, we stratified the donors by their response phenotypes, divided them into three study sets, and analyzed 276 proteins by proximity extension assays (PEA). After normalizing the data to account for variances in layman-collected samples, we investigated the association of DBS proteomes with serology and self-reported information.Results Our three studies display highly consistent variance of protein levels and share associations of proteins with sex (e.g., MMP3) and age (e.g., GDF-15). Studying seropositive (IgG+) and seronegative (IgG-) donors from the first pandemic wave reveals a network of proteins reflecting immunity, inflammation, coagulation, and stress response. A comparison of the early-infection phase (IgM+IgG-) with the post-infection phase (IgM-IgG+) indicates several proteins from the respiratory system. In DBS from the later pandemic wave, we find that levels of a virus receptor on B-cells differ between seropositive (IgG+) and seronegative (IgG-) donors.Conclusions Proteome analysis of volumetric self-sampled DBS facilitates precise analysis of clinically relevant proteins, including those secreted into the circulation or found on blood cells, augmenting previous COVID-19 reports with clinical blood collections. Our population surveys support the usefulness of DBS, underscoring the role of timing the sample collection to complement clinical and precision health monitoring initiatives. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed multiple challenges to healthcare systems. A significant gap that remains is a lack of understanding of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on individuals who did not seek or require hospitalization. To address this, we distribute self-sampling devices to random citizens, aiming to analyze how blood protein levels are affected in people who have had COVID-19 but had no or mild symptoms. Conducting multiple molecular measurements in dried blood, our study confirms clinically known markers and their relationship to infection stages, even if the donors themselves collect the sample. Our work highlights the potential of combining self-sampling with laboratory methods to provide useful information on human health. This convenient patient-centric sampling approach may potentially be useful when studying other diseases. Fredolini et al. present a proteomics analysis of home-sampled dried blood spots taken from the general population in Stockholm during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study provides insights into the molecular effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-hospitalized individuals and demonstrates the compatibility of self-sampled blood spots with proteomics.
  •  
41.
  • Garman, Ian, et al. (author)
  • Demand control and constant flow ventilation compared in an exhaust ventilated bedroom in a cold-climate single-family house
  • 2024
  • In: Intelligent Buildings International. - : Elsevier. - 1750-8975 .- 1756-6932. ; 15:4, s. 175-188
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A convertible, zoned ventilation system was field-tested in a modern, airtight Swedish home when occupied either by an experimental team or by a family. Indoor air quality in the master bedroom was monitored under four ventilation strategies. Relative to constant air volume strategies (CAV), demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) that was responding to CO2 concentration extracted more air when people were present, but less in total over 24 h. This elevated the indoor air humidity, beneficial in climates with dry winter air. Multiple monitors within the bedroom indicated that vertical CO2 stratification occurred routinely, presumably due to low mixing of supply air from a wall-mounted diffuse vent, spreading the air radially over the wall. This seemingly improved air quality in the breathing zone under local (ceiling) extract ventilation but worsened it during more typical, centralised extract ventilation, where air escapes the room via an inner doorway. The local extract arrangement thus seemed to yield both improved ventilation efficiency and reduced contaminant spread to other rooms. The noted air quality variations within the room highlight the importance of sensor placement in demand-control ventilated spaces, even in small rooms such as bedrooms.
  •  
42.
  • Garman, Ian, et al. (author)
  • Ventilation alone fails to prevent overheating in a Nordic home field study
  • 2022
  • In: 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022, Kuopio, 12 June 2022 through 16 June 2022. - : International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A field study conducted in a modern Nordic single-family house with high airtightness and insulation levels, attempted to control summer indoor overheating using night-time cooling strategies. Exhaust air flow rates were manually scheduled by the researchers (based on weather forecasts), analogous to what an engaged occupant - or a predictive system - might do. Air temperatures at a nearby meteorological station peaked at 30 °C during 6 days in June that saw only 44 hours below 18 °C. Temperatures recorded indoors at the test house reached 32 °C, due also to very large solar gains, and never fell below 26 °C over 8 continuous days. It appears that under extended heat conditions that are exceptional now, but foreseen to become more frequent, some modern Nordic homes cannot be temperature controlled by ambient ventilation alone. © 2022 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022. All rights reserved.
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43.
  • Giertz, Lottie, 1954- (author)
  • Erkännande, makt och möten : En studie av inflytande och självbestämmande med LSS
  • 2012
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The dissertation is about people with serious functional impairments who receive support pursuant to the Swedish LSS – the Act Concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments. LSS gives compensatory support, so that a person can enjoy the right to live a life like anyone else. The user’s right to influence and self-determination is emphasized in the Act.The overall aim of the dissertation is to describe and analyse conditions, possibilities, and limitations to influence and self-determination for people receiving LSS support. The investigation includes two interview studies. One is a study of influence and self-determination in everyday life with personal assistance. The other study focuses on people receiving some form of LSS service in combination with having a limited guardian.The thesis shows that LSS can be understood on a general level as a judicial recognition of the group’s right to support for citizenship on individual terms. In many cases LSS service give the user influence and self-determination in everyday life. The interaction between the user and the supporting persons are crucial. If it involves mutual recognition of equality and recognition of difference – the right to be compensated for restricted abilities – then the user can act autonomously. The study deals with power and recognition as essential aspects. The analysis shows that recognition and power together contribute to an understanding of the complex situation that users of LSS measures have in their day-to-day lives. The intention behind the care is to ensure the user’s best interest. Relations and encounters around the user are affected by pastoral power with a caring purpose where support and control are interwoven. Mis-directed recognition is perceived as an infringement of integrity. The dilemma is that care that aims for something good without recognition reduces the user to an object and disrespect. The studies reveal a tension between the ideal of influence and self-determination as ”subject of rights” and the user’s everyday life. Personal assistance can be designed to contribute to achieving the intentions. Among many people receiving LSS support and having a legal guardian, the personal influence and self-determination are not distinct and guardianship is unclear. Relations are characterized by dilemmas concerning the preferential right of interpretation. The individuals are seen as “objects of care” by others. Influence and self-determination depend on a fundamental recognition of the user as subject with a need for individually adapted care. This means the right to be and act as a “subject of care”. Recognition, relations and power are keys to influence and self-determination in LSS.
  •  
44.
  • Gong, Liang, 1985, et al. (author)
  • The Comparison Study of Different Operator Support Tools for Assembly Task in the Era of Global Production
  • 2017
  • In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 11, s. 1271-1278
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As part of a global production strategy, many manufacturing companies locate their assembly plants in different countries around the world. While outsourcing final assembly closer to key markets has competitive benefits, these companies face new challenges with communication and dissemination of information. Concerning shop-floor operators specifically, these challenges affect the initial training and continuing improvement work instructions in particular. Emerging information and communication technology (ICT) have created new opportunities for supporting operators cognitively. In this paper, an immersive virtual reality (IVR) training environment for LEGO gearbox assembly was developed and tested. IVR technologies offer new opportunities where operators can access training and work instructions in an immersive environment, which could potentially improve and influence the operator performance and emotion. Both objective performance and subjective emotion were measured and the impacts were analyzed. The results were compared with four different operator support approaches and it was seen that IVR technology has the potential of improving operator and that further studies on integration, information, communication design and development of measurement methods are needed before the industry can benefit from the full potential of IVR technology.
  •  
45.
  • Gottlieb-Vedi, Eivind, et al. (author)
  • Extent of Lymphadenectomy and Long-Term Survival in Esophageal Cancer
  • 2023
  • In: Annals of Surgery. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 277:3, s. 429-436
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: To examine the hypothesis that survival in esophageal cancer increases with more removed lymph nodes during esophagectomy up to a plateau, after which it levels out or even decreases with further lymphadenectomy.Summary of Background Data: There is uncertainty regarding the ideal extent of lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy to optimize long-term survival in esophageal cancer.Methods: This population-based cohort study included almost every patient who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in Sweden or Finland in 2000-2016 with follow-up through 2019. Degree of lymphadenectomy, divided into deciles, was analyzed in relation to all-cause 5-year mortality. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for all established prognostic factors.Results: Among 2,306 patients, the 2nd (4-8 nodes), 7th (21-24 nodes) and 8th decile (25-30 nodes) of lymphadenectomy showed the lowest all-cause 5-year mortality compared to the 1st decile (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.97, HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.99, and HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.93, respectively). In stratified analyses, the survival benefit was greatest in decile 7 for patients with pathological T-stage T3/T4 (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.78), although it was statistically improved in all deciles except decile 10. For patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, survival was greatest in decile 7 (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.86), although survival was also statistically significantly improved in deciles 2, 6, and 8.Conclusion: Survival in esophageal cancer was not improved by extensive lymphadenectomy, but resection of a moderate number (20-30) of nodes was prognostically beneficial for patients with advanced T-stages (T3/T4) and those not receiving neoadjuvant therapy.
  •  
46.
  • Gullander, Per, 1968, et al. (author)
  • MEETINGS – THE INNOVATIVE GLUE BETWEEN THE ORGANISATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
  • 2014
  • In: The sixth Swedish Production Symposium. - 9789198097412
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The research presented aims for enhanced utilization of human skills,collaboration, and information sharing. This paper concerns the production context,and the needs and challenges of people striving for high-quality, innovative, andefficient work. The paper presents a model of the information system (IS) andorganisations system (OS) and their integration. Main conclusions are that thesesystems overlap, and create an innovative working arena for the different workingprocesses. People with knowledge gather into meetings held for different purposessupported by technical systems. These meetings provide a core element for efficientand innovative collaboration, requiring parallel development of IS and OS.
  •  
47.
  •  
48.
  •  
49.
  • Hayati, Abolfazl, et al. (author)
  • A Study on Airing Through the Porches of a Historical Church – Measurements and IDA-ICE Modelling
  • 2016
  • In: ASHRAE and AIVC IAQ 2016 - Defining Indoor Air Quality. - : ASHRAE. - 9781939200488 ; , s. 216-223
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In churches, intentional airing may be a measure to evacuate temporarily high levels of contaminants that are emitted during services and other occasions. Crucial contaminants include moisture and other emissions that may deteriorate and/or soil painted surfaces and other precious artefacts. Most old churches do not have any mechanical ventilation system or any purpose provided openings for natural ventilation, but the ventilation is governed by air infiltration. Enhanced airing may be achieved by opening external windows or doors. Thus, models provided in energy simulation programs should predict this kind of air flows correctly, also in order to get a proper estimation of the total energy use. IDA-ICE is examined here and the model for air flow through a large vertical opening used in the program is investigated. In the present study, field measurements were performed for airing rate in a historical church. In comparison with measured air flow rates, the simulated results were of the same magnitude, but the effect of wind direction was less considered by the simulation program.
  •  
50.
  • Hayati, Abolfazl, et al. (author)
  • A wind tunnel study of wind-driven airing through open doors
  • 2019
  • In: The International Journal of Ventilation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 18:2, s. 113-135
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Temporarily enhanced natural ventilation of indoor environments can be achieved by opening windows and/or doors, i.e. airing. In this study, wind driven airing rate through doors was measured by tracer gas at a building model in a wind tunnel. Both single opening and cross flow airing was investigated, with doors placed in centrally on the long side of an elongated building model. It was found that cross flow airing yielded 4–20 times higher airing rate than single opening airing; lowest value occurring with opening surfaces perpendicular to wind direction. At single opening airing, windward positioned door yielded about 53% higher airing rate than leeward positioned. Inclusion of a draught lobby (extended entrance space) lowered airing rate by 27%, while higher wind turbulence increased it by 38%. Advection through turbulence appeared a more important airing mechanism than pumping. At cross flow, however, turbulence and draught lobby had practically no effect.
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Linden, Elisabet, 19 ... (8)
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Grahn, Anna (6)
Åkerman, Magnus, 197 ... (6)
Claesson, Leif (6)
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Sandberg, Mats (5)
Akander, Jan (5)
Besjakov, Jack (5)
Rizell, Magnus, 1963 (5)
Nilsson, Maria H. (5)
Ullén, Susann (5)
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Söderlund, Magnus (5)
Björk, Anna (5)
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Zetterberg, Henrik, ... (4)
Hansson, Oskar (4)
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Norder, Helene (4)
Lindh, Magnus, 1960 (4)
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Lindner, Per, 1956 (4)
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La Fleur, Linnea (4)
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