| 1. |
- Stephan, K., et al.
(author)
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Regions of interest on Ganymede's and Callisto's surfaces as potential targets for ESA's JUICE mission
- 2021
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In: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The JUpiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE) will investigate Ganymede's and Callisto's surfaces and subsurfaces from orbit to explore the geologic processes that have shaped and altered their surfaces by impact, tectonics, possible cryovolcanism, space weathering due to micrometeorites, radiation and charged particles as well as explore the structure and properties of the icy crust and liquid shell (Grasset et al., 2013). The best possible synergy of the JUICE instruments is required to answer the major science objective of this mission and to fully exploit the po-tential of the JUICE mission. Therefore, the JUICE team is aiming to define high priority targets on both Gany-mede's and Callisto's surfaces to support the coordination of the planning activities by the individual instrument teams. Based on the science objectives of the JUICE mission and the most recent knowledge of Ganymede's and Callisto's geologic evolution we propose a collection of Regions of Interest (RoIs), which characterize surface features and terrain types representing important traces of geologic processes, from past and/or present cryovolcanic and tectonic activity to space weathering processes, which are crucial to understand the geologic evolution of Ganymede and Callisto. The proposed evaluation of RoIs is based on their scientific importance as well as on the opportunities and conditions to observe them during the currently discussed mission profile.
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| 2. |
- Zheng, TH, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide analysis of 944 133 individuals provides insights into the etiology of haemorrhoidal disease
- 2021
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In: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 70:8, s. 1538-1549
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Haemorrhoidal disease (HEM) affects a large and silently suffering fraction of the population but its aetiology, including suspected genetic predisposition, is poorly understood. We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis to identify genetic risk factors for HEM to date.DesignWe conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of 218 920 patients with HEM and 725 213 controls of European ancestry. Using GWAS summary statistics, we performed multiple genetic correlation analyses between HEM and other traits as well as calculated HEM polygenic risk scores (PRS) and evaluated their translational potential in independent datasets. Using functional annotation of GWAS results, we identified HEM candidate genes, which differential expression and coexpression in HEM tissues were evaluated employing RNA-seq analyses. The localisation of expressed proteins at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe demonstrate modest heritability and genetic correlation of HEM with several other diseases from the GI, neuroaffective and cardiovascular domains. HEM PRS validated in 180 435 individuals from independent datasets allowed the identification of those at risk and correlated with younger age of onset and recurrent surgery. We identified 102 independent HEM risk loci harbouring genes whose expression is enriched in blood vessels and GI tissues, and in pathways associated with smooth muscles, epithelial and endothelial development and morphogenesis. Network transcriptomic analyses highlighted HEM gene coexpression modules that are relevant to the development and integrity of the musculoskeletal and epidermal systems, and the organisation of the extracellular matrix.ConclusionHEM has a genetic component that predisposes to smooth muscle, epithelial and connective tissue dysfunction.
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Sandercock, P, et al.
(author)
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Update on the third international stroke trial (IST-3) of thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke and baseline features of the 3035 patients recruited
- 2011
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In: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 12, s. 252-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is approved in Europe for use in patients with acute ischaemic stroke who meet strictly defined criteria. IST-3 sought to improve the external validity and prediction of the estimates of the overall treatment effects (efficacy and safety) of rtPA in acute ischaemic stroke, and to determine whether a wider range of patients might benefit.DESIGN:International, multi-centre, prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial of intravenous rtPA in acute ischaemic stroke. Suitable patients had to be assessed and able to start treatment within 6 hours of developing symptoms, and brain imaging must have excluded intracranial haemorrhage and stroke mimics.RESULTS:The initial pilot phase was double blind and then, on 01/08/2003, changed to an open design. Recruitment began on 05/05/2000 and closed on 31/07/2011, by which time 3035 patients had been included, only 61 (2%) of whom met the criteria for the 2003 European approval for thrombolysis. 1617 patients were aged over 80 years at trial entry. The analysis plan will be finalised, without reference to the unblinded data, and published before the trial data are unblinded in early 2012. The main trial results will be presented at the European Stroke Conference in Lisbon in May 2012 with the aim to publish simultaneously in a peer-reviewed journal. The trial result will be presented in the context of an updated Cochrane systematic review. We also intend to include the trial data in an individual patient data meta-analysis of all the relevant randomised trials.CONCLUSION:The data from the trial will: improve the external validity and prediction of the estimates of the overall treatment effects (efficacy and safety) of iv rtPA in acute ischaemic stroke; provide: new evidence on the balance of risk and benefit of intravenous rtPA among types of patients who do not clearly meet the terms of the current EU approval; and, provide the first large-scale randomised evidence on effects in patients over 80, an age group which had largely been excluded from previous acute stroke trials. Trial registration ISRCTN25765518.
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| 6. |
- Godoy, Patricio, et al.
(author)
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Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME
- 2013
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In: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 87:8, s. 1315-1530
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4 alpha, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4 alpha), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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| 7. |
- Preusker, F., et al.
(author)
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Shape model, reference system definition, and cartographic mapping standards for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Stereo-photogrammetric analysis of Rosetta/OSIRIS image data
- 2015
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 583
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We analyzed more than 200 OSIRIS NAC images with a pixel scale of 0.9-2.4 m/pixel of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) that have been acquired from onboard the Rosetta spacecraft in August and September 2014 using stereo-photogrammetric methods (SPG). We derived improved spacecraft position and pointing data for the OSIRIS images and a high-resolution shape model that consists of about 16 million facets (2 m horizontal sampling) and a typical vertical accuracy at the decimeter scale. From this model, we derive a volume for the northern hemisphere of 9.35 km(3) +/- 0.1 km(3). With the assumption of a homogeneous density distribution and taking into account the current uncertainty of the position of the comet's center-of-mass, we extrapolated this value to an overall volume of 18.7 km(3) +/- 1.2 km(3), and, with a current best estimate of 1.0 X 10(13) kg for the mass, we derive a bulk density of 535 kg/m(3) +/- 35 kg/m(3). Furthermore, we used SPG methods to analyze the rotational elements of 67P. The rotational period for August and September 2014 was determined to be 12.4041 +/- 0.0004 h. For the orientation of the rotational axis (z-axis of the body-fixed reference frame) we derived a precession model with a half-cone angle of 0.14 degrees, a cone center position at 69.54 degrees/64.11 degrees (RA/Dec J2000 equatorial coordinates), and a precession period of 10.7 days. For the definition of zero longitude (x-axis orientation), we finally selected the boulder-like Cheops feature on the big lobe of 67P and fixed its spherical coordinates to 142.35 degrees right-hand-rule eastern longitude and -0.28 degrees latitude. This completes the definition of the new Cheops reference frame for 67P. Finally, we defined cartographic mapping standards for common use and combined analyses of scientific results that have been obtained not only within the OSIRIS team, but also within other groups of the Rosetta mission.
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| 8. |
- Sandercock, P, et al.
(author)
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EPITHET--where next?
- 2008
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In: The Lancet. Neurology. - 1474-4422. ; 7:7, s. 570-571
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Schirner, Leonard, et al.
(author)
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Aligned fractures on asteroid Ryugu as an indicator of thermal fracturing
- 2024
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 684
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Asteroid and comet surfaces are exposed to a complex environment that includes low gravity, high temperature gradients, and a bombardment of micrometeorites and cosmic rays. Surface material exposed to this environment evolves in a specific way depending on various factors such as the bodiesa-size, heliocentric distance, and composition. Fractures in boulders, as seen on asteroid Ryugu, can help to determine and constrain the dominant processes eroding small-body surface materials. It is also possible to estimate fracture growth timescales based on the abundance and length of fractures in boulders.Aims. We analyse the number, orientation, and length of fractures on asteroid Ryugu to establish the relation between the fractures and the processes that may have formed them. We also compare our results to similar investigations conducted on other small bodies and estimate the timescale of fracture growth.Methods. 198 high-resolution Hayabusa2 images of asteroid Ryugu suitable for our fracture analysis were selected and map-projected. Within these images, fractures in boulders were manually mapped using the QGIS software. The fracture coordinates were extracted and the fracturesa-orientation and length were computed for 1521 identified fractures.Results. Fractures in boulders on asteroid Ryugu are found to be preferentially north-south aligned, suggesting a formation through thermal erosion. Modeling the fracture length indicates a fracture growth timescale of 30 000 to 40 000 yr, slightly younger than ages found previously for asteroid Bennu. The errors in these ages, due to uncertainties about the thermophysical parameters used in this model, are substantial (âà  à  33 000 yr +250 000 yr). However, even with these large errors, the model suggests that thermal fracturing is a geologically fast process. These times are not too dissimilar to those quoted in the literature for Ryugu and Bennu, since similar thermophysical material parameters for Ryugu and Bennu seem likely.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Czerniejewski, P., et al.
(author)
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Molecular connectedness between self and none self-sustainable populations of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis, H. Milne Edwards, 1853) with focus to the Swedish Lake Vanern and the Oder and Vistula River in Poland
- 2012
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In: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661. ; 149:2, s. 55-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The highly invasive Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) was studied to reveal the genetic relationship between three none self-sustainable population within the Polish Oder and Vistula River and Lake Vanern in Sweden. Crabs from self-sustainable populations were collected from the Elbe River (Germany), San Francisco Bay (USA) and five Asian river estuaries. Both parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis of the nuclear ITS 1 and ITS 2 regions reveal a similar topological pattern. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence had too low resolution to be informative. The Oder River haplotypes showed high sequence similarities to both the Elbe population and/or the native spawning areas in China. The Vistula River showed haplotypic similarity to specimens from the Oder River in Poland or the Elbe River. Also high sequence similarities were observed to the specimens from the Swedish Lake Vanern indicating to an origin from the River Elbe. Minor changes in evolutionary interpretation exist depending on how gaps are treated and the analytic method. There is a complex movement involving back and forth transoceanic colonization of the Chinese mitten crab haplotypes. Invasion routes are discussed in relation to ship transfer routes and canal waterways.
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| 13. |
- Drotz, M. K., et al.
(author)
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Distribution patterns of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853) in Lake Vanern, Sweden
- 2012
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In: Aquatic Invasions. - : Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre Oy (REABIC). - 1798-6540 .- 1818-5487. ; 7:2, s. 243-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The catadromous Chinese mitten crab (CMC), Eriocheir sinensis is well known for its extensive invasion routes across the world. However, little is known about both adult and juvenile behaviour after they arrive to a new region. Particularly if the CMC has utilised freight ship ballast tanks as its invasion vector to new freshwater areas like coastal connected larger lakes. The Swedish Lake Vanern, Europe's third largest freshwater lake, offers a suitable study area since only a handful of CMC had been reported between its first record in 1954 and 2004. Hence, the increased catch of of CMC in the mid 2000s was unexpected and provided a rare opportunity to study the initial phase of a biological invasion. Fortunately local fishermen have traditionally, since the mid 1970s, utilised large stationary fish trap nets, evenly distributed from the inlet to the harbour of Lidkoping outward into the main part of the lake. During the peak occurrence in 2005 the traps captured CMC frequently for 90 days starting on August 10. Daily catch increased from September 19th to October 17th. Thereafter the number decreased until November 7th when the last crab was captured. Only one crab out of the 21 caught in the two traps furthest away from the harbour inlet was caught before September 19th. The number of caught CMC differed significantly between the trap nets. Almost half (48.4 %) of all CMC were caught in the two traps closest to the harbour inlet and 41.9% in the second trap-line, consisting of two traps 6 km from the harbour inlet. The remaining crabs were caught in the traps furthest away. Catch pattern from this unique invasion event is discussed in relation to CMC dispersal/migration, invading sample size, behavioural traits and catch efficiency of traps.
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| 14. |
- Fornasier, S., et al.
(author)
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Spectrophotometric properties of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from the OSIRIS instrument onboard the ROSETTA spacecraft
- 2015
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 583
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. The Rosetta mission of the European Space Agency has been orbiting the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) since August 2014 and is now in its escort phase. A large complement of scientific experiments designed to complete the most detailed study of a comet ever attempted are onboard Rosetta. Aims. We present results for the photometric and spectrophotometric properties of the nucleus of 67P derived from the OSIRIS imaging system, which consists of a Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and a Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). The observations presented here were performed during July and the beginning of August 2014, during the approach phase, when OSIRIS was mapping the surface of the comet with several filters at different phase angles (1.3 degrees-54 degrees). The resolution reached up to 2.1 m/px. Methods. The OSIRIS images were processed with the OSIRIS standard pipeline, then converted into I/F. radiance factors and corrected for the illumination conditions at each pixel using the Lommel-Seeliger disk law. Color cubes of the surface were produced by stacking registered and illumination-corrected images. Furthermore, photometric analysis was performed both on disk-averaged photometry in several filters and on disk-resolved images acquired with the NAC orange filter, centered at 649 ran, using Hapke modeling. Results. The disk-averaged phase function of the nucleus of 67P shows a strong opposition surge with a G parameter value of -0.13 +/- 0.01 in the HG system formalism and an absolute magnitude H-v(1, 1, 0) = 15.74 +/- 0.02 mag. The integrated spectrophotometry in 20 filters covering the 250-1000 nm wavelength range shows a red spectral behavior, without clear absorption bands except for a potential absorption centered at similar to 290 rim that is possibly due to SO2 ice. The nucleus shows strong phase reddening, with disk-averaged spectral slopes increasing from 11%/( 100 nm) to 16%/(100 nm) in the 1.3 degrees-54 degrees phase angle range. The geometric albedo of the comet is 6.5 +/- 0.2% at 649 nm, with local variations of up to similar to 16% in the Hapi region. From the disk-resolved images we computed the spectral slope together with local spectrophotometry and identified three distinct groups of regions (blue, moderately red, and red). The Hapi region is the brightest, the bluest in term of spectral slope, and the most active surface on the comet. Local spectrophotometry shows an enhancement of the flux in the 700-750 nm that is associated with coma emissions.
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| 15. |
- Hermann, G, et al.
(author)
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Platform-to-platform sample transfer, distribution, dilution, and dosing via electrothermal vaporization and electrostatic deposition
- 2004
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In: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0584-8547. ; 59:5, s. 737-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel system for solid sample pretreatment, handling and dosing for analytical atomic spectrometry is described. A primary solid or liquid sample is vaporized in a graphite furnace and then condensed in a specially designed condensation zone. On the further transport path, the analyte aerosol can be diluted and distributed in pre-set ratios in the laboratory made flow control system. Applying a corona discharge, aerosol particulates are then quantitatively re-collected by means of intra-furnace electrostatic precipitation on the platform of another graphite furnace or by external precipitation on one or a set of platforms. This makes possible to produce a set of secondary platforms with equal analyte compositions from one individual primary sample. Such multitudes allow sequential multi-element determinations with single-element instrumentation or comparative measurements with different techniques. Furthermore, the described procedure allows external thermal sample pretreatment with preceding pyrolysis and additional vaporization, condensation, and re-precipitation that significantly reduces or removes the sample matrix. Owing to different losses, transport efficiencies of electrothermal vaporization (ETV) instrumentation depend on analyte element, matrix, vaporization temperature, ramp rate, and tube history. In order to reduce the losses and therewith such dependencies of the losses, new laboratory constructed ETV unit with analyte condensation in an axially focusing upstream convection zone has been constructed. Analytical performance of the new setup is compared with the performance of a commercial end-on flow-through ETV unit when analyzing both liquid dosed samples and certified solid reference materials. The new system shows much higher transport efficiencies that are, in addition, more uniform for elements of different volatility. The effects of chemical sample modifiers and elements supporting analyte condensation are studied. Most of the analytical measurements were carried out with a continuum source coherent forward scattering multi-element spectrometer. Comparative measurements were also carried out independently in the co-authors’ laboratories with atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Matz L., et al.
(author)
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Passive smoking and respiratory symptoms in the FinEsS Study
- 2003
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 21:4, s. 672-676
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between reported environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and respiratory symptoms. In 1996, a postal questionnaire was randomly distributed in three areas of Estonia to a population-based sample, of which 4,995 females and 1,822 males had never smoked. The main outcome measures were current respiratory symptoms and the amount of reported ETS exposure outside the home. ETS exposure at home was more common in females (31% versus 19%), while exposure outside of the home was more common in males (53% versus 7%). Females reported more symptoms from tobacco smoke than males (37.7% versus 21.6%). If ETS exposure outside of the home exceeded 5 h daily, the risk for wheeze (odds ratio (OR) 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98-3.61) and physician-diagnosed asthma (OR 1.79, 1.02-3.16) were increased. ETS exposure outside of the home was shown to be strongly related to almost all respiratory symptoms in a dose/response manner. ETS exposure at home did not show significantly elevated ORs for any respiratory symptoms. This study shows that females seem to be more troubled by environmental smoke exposure than males and provides further evidence of the serious health hazards associated with environmental smoke exposure. Indeed, the findings of this study support a ban on smoking in the workplace and public areas.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Preusker, F., et al.
(author)
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The global meter-level shape model of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- 2017
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 607
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We performed a stereo-photogrammetric (SPG) analysis of more than 1500 Rosetta/OSIRIS NAC images of comet 67P/ChuryumovGerasimenko (67P). The images with pixel scales in the range 0.2-3.0 m/pixel were acquired between August 2014 and February 2016. We finally derived a global high-resolution 3D description of 67P's surface, the SPG SHAP7 shape model. It consists of about 44 million facets (1-1.5 m horizontal sampling) and a typical vertical accuracy at the decimeter scale. Although some images were taken after perihelion, the SPG SHAP7 shape model can be considered a pre-perihelion description and replaces the previous SPG SHAP4S shape model. From the new shape model, some measures for 67P with very low 3 sigma uncertainties can be retrieved: 18.56 km(3) +/- 0 : 02 km(3) for the volume and 537.8 kg/m(3) +/- 0.7 kg/m(3) for the mean density assuming a mass value of 9 : 982 +/- 10(12) kg.
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| 20. |
- Shokeen, Vishal, et al.
(author)
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Real-time observation of non-equilibrium phonon-electron energy and angular momentum flow in laser-heated nickel
- 2024
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In: Science Advances. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 2375-2548. ; 10:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identifying the microscopic nature of non-equilibrium energy transfer mechanisms among electronic, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom is central to understanding ultrafast phenomena such as manipulating magnetism on the femtosecond timescale. Here, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to go beyond the often-used ensemble-averaged view of non-equilibrium dynamics in terms of quasiparticle temperature evolutions. We show for ferromagnetic Ni that the non-equilibrium electron and spin dynamics display pronounced variations with electron momentum, whereas the magnetic exchange interaction remains isotropic. This highlights the influence of lattice-mediated scattering processes and opens a pathway toward unraveling the still elusive microscopic mechanism of spin-lattice angular momentum transfer.
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