| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Meyer, H.F., et al.
(author)
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Overview of physics studies on ASDEX Upgrade
- 2019
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme, jointly run with the EUROfusion MST1 task force, continues to significantly enhance the physics base of ITER and DEMO. Here, the full tungsten wall is a key asset for extrapolating to future devices. The high overall heating power, flexible heating mix and comprehensive diagnostic set allows studies ranging from mimicking the scrape-off-layer and divertor conditions of ITER and DEMO at high density to fully non-inductive operation (q 95 = 5.5, ) at low density. Higher installed electron cyclotron resonance heating power 6 MW, new diagnostics and improved analysis techniques have further enhanced the capabilities of AUG. Stable high-density H-modes with MW m-1 with fully detached strike-points have been demonstrated. The ballooning instability close to the separatrix has been identified as a potential cause leading to the H-mode density limit and is also found to play an important role for the access to small edge-localized modes (ELMs). Density limit disruptions have been successfully avoided using a path-oriented approach to disruption handling and progress has been made in understanding the dissipation and avoidance of runaway electron beams. ELM suppression with resonant magnetic perturbations is now routinely achieved reaching transiently . This gives new insight into the field penetration physics, in particular with respect to plasma flows. Modelling agrees well with plasma response measurements and a helically localised ballooning structure observed prior to the ELM is evidence for the changed edge stability due to the magnetic perturbations. The impact of 3D perturbations on heat load patterns and fast-ion losses have been further elaborated. Progress has also been made in understanding the ELM cycle itself. Here, new fast measurements of and E r allow for inter ELM transport analysis confirming that E r is dominated by the diamagnetic term even for fast timescales. New analysis techniques allow detailed comparison of the ELM crash and are in good agreement with nonlinear MHD modelling. The observation of accelerated ions during the ELM crash can be seen as evidence for the reconnection during the ELM. As type-I ELMs (even mitigated) are likely not a viable operational regime in DEMO studies of 'natural' no ELM regimes have been extended. Stable I-modes up to have been characterised using -feedback. Core physics has been advanced by more detailed characterisation of the turbulence with new measurements such as the eddy tilt angle - measured for the first time - or the cross-phase angle of and fluctuations. These new data put strong constraints on gyro-kinetic turbulence modelling. In addition, carefully executed studies in different main species (H, D and He) and with different heating mixes highlight the importance of the collisional energy exchange for interpreting energy confinement. A new regime with a hollow profile now gives access to regimes mimicking aspects of burning plasma conditions and lead to nonlinear interactions of energetic particle modes despite the sub-Alfvénic beam energy. This will help to validate the fast-ion codes for predicting ITER and DEMO.
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| 4. |
- Antonova, M., et al.
(author)
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Synchronization of the distributed readout frontend electronics of the Baby MIND detector
- 2017
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In: 2017 XXVI International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET). - : IEEE. - 9781538617533
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Baby MIND is a new downstream muon range detector for the WGASCI experiment. This article discusses the distributed readout system and its timing requirements. The paper presents the design of the synchronization subsystem and the results of its test.
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| 5. |
- Antonova, M., et al.
(author)
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Baby MIND : a magnetized segmented neutrino detector for the WAGASCI experiment
- 2017
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221. ; 12:07, s. 1-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) is a long-baseline neutrino experiment in Japan designed to study various parameters of neutrino oscillations. A near detector complex (ND280) is located 280 m downstream of the production target and measures neutrino beam parameters before any oscillations occur. ND280’s measurements are used to predict the number and spectra of neutrinos in the Super-Kamiokande detector at the distance of 295 km. The difference in the target material between the far (water) and near (scintillator, hydrocarbon) detectors leads to the main non-cancelling systematic uncertainty for the oscillation analysis. In order to reduce this uncertainty a new WAter-Grid-And-SCintillator detector (WAGASCI) has been developed. A magnetized iron neutrino detector (Baby MIND) will be used to measure momentum and charge identification of the outgoing muons from charged current interactions. The Baby MIND modules are composed of magnetized iron plates and long plastic scintillator bars read out at the both ends with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers. The front-end electronics board has been developed to perform the readout and digitization of the signals from the scintillator bars. Detector elements were tested with cosmic rays and in the PS beam at CERN. The obtained results are presented in this paper.
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| 6. |
- Antonova, M., et al.
(author)
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Baby MIND : a magnetized segmented neutrino detector for the WAGASCI experiment
- 2017
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) is a long-baseline neutrino experiment in Japan designed to study various parameters of neutrino oscillations. Anear detector complex (ND280) is located 280m downstream of the production target and measures neutrino beam parameters before any oscillations occur. ND280's measurements are used to predict the number and spectra of neutrinos in the Super-Kamiokande detector at the distance of 295 km. The difference in the target material between the far (water) and near (scintillator, hydrocarbon) detectors leads to the main non-cancelling systematic uncertainty for the oscillation analysis. In order to reduce this uncertainty a new WAter-Grid-And-SCintillator detector (WAGASCI) has been developed. A magnetized iron neutrino detector (Baby MIND) will be used to measure momentum and charge identification of the outgoing muons from charged current interactions. The Baby MIND modules are composed of magnetized iron plates and long plastic scintillator bars read out at the both ends with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers. The front-end electronics board has been developed to perform the readout and digitization of the signals from the scintillator bars. Detector elements were tested with cosmic rays and in the PS beam at CERN. The obtained results are presented in this paper.
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| 7. |
- Ramilowski, JA, et al.
(author)
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Functional annotation of human long noncoding RNAs via molecular phenotyping
- 2020
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In: Genome research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1549-5469 .- 1088-9051. ; 30:7, s. 1060-1072
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes, and yet, their functions remain largely unknown. As part of the FANTOM6 project, we systematically knocked down the expression of 285 lncRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts and quantified cellular growth, morphological changes, and transcriptomic responses using Capped Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE). Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the same lncRNAs exhibited global concordance, and the molecular phenotype, measured by CAGE, recapitulated the observed cellular phenotypes while providing additional insights on the affected genes and pathways. Here, we disseminate the largest-to-date lncRNA knockdown data set with molecular phenotyping (over 1000 CAGE deep-sequencing libraries) for further exploration and highlight functional roles for ZNF213-AS1 and lnc-KHDC3L-2.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Voloshin, V. A., et al.
(author)
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Interplay of structure, magnetism and resistivity of La0.5Ca0.54MnO3+x
- 2000
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In: Physics Letters A. - 0375-9601 .- 1873-2429. ; 271:02-jan, s. 121-127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structure of La0,5Ca0,5MnO3 is well known for T> 250 K and T( 150 K. But in the intermediate region some structure characteristics are difficult to understand [1]. This Letter studies in this temperature region the interrelation between structure and the experimental data like magnetism and resistivity on the basis of a vibron-electron dynamic equilibrium hypothesis. It has been shown that behavior of paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition can be explaned in the framework of this hypothesis.
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| 13. |
- Sorokina, E. S., et al.
(author)
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Sapphire-bearing magmatic rocks trace the boundary between paleo-continents: A case study of Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex, Uralian collision zone of Russia
- 2021
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In: Gondwana Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1342-937X. ; 92, s. 239-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metamorphic gem corundum (mainly ruby) deposits are robust indicators of continent-continent collision processes. However, a systematic link of primary magmatic blue sapphire occurrences to orogenic belts is less understood. An example is the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex, within the Ilmen Mountains region and part of the Uralian orogenic belt. The mobile belt is a product of the collision among Kazakhstania, Laurussia, and Siberia continents prior to the closure of the Paleo-Uralian ocean and formation of the Laurasia supercontinent (330-250 Ma). It is believed that the alkaline complex became included into the separate SysertskIlmenogorsk microcontinent with unconstrained borders, when sandwiched between Kazakhstania and Laurussia during that collision. Paleo-reconstructions illustrate that magmatic and metasomatic sapphire deposits linked to alkaline magmatism trace the natural boundary of the "lost" microcontinent with a high precision. The syenite pegmatites of alkaline complex carried unusually large corundum-blue sapphire megacrysts that have recorded the multi-stage development of the Ilmenogorsky complex. The deposits were formed at about 275-295 Ma ago as reconstructed by in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating. This formation stage corresponds to a broader continental collision process followed by the formation of Uralian orogeny in the area of the Ilmenogorsky complex. One pegmatite deposit, the "298" mine, is characterized by the occurrence of unusually large corundum megacrysts. The analyses of Rb-Sr isotopic system in the rocks from this deposit revealed two isochrons at 249 +/- 2 Ma and 254 +/- 22 Ma implying a late stage modification of original pegmatites. The timing of this stage corresponds to the limited post-collision stretching time. Hence, corundum-blue sapphire studied from magmatic (syenites) and metasomatic rocks linked to alkaline rocks in Uralian orogen suggests as a promising indicator for constraining the timing of continent-to-continent collision processes. (c) 2021 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Al-Zoubi, Noura, et al.
(author)
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Tetragonality of carbon-doped ferromagnetic iron alloys : A first-principles study
- 2012
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 85:1, s. 014112-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using density-functional theory in combination with the exact muffin-tin orbital (EMTO) method and coherent potential approximation, we investigate the alloying effect on the tetragonality of Fe-C solid solution forming the basis of steels. In order to assess the accuracy of our approach, first we perform a detailed study of the performance of the EMTO method for the Fe(16)C(1) binary system by comparing the EMTO results to those obtained using the projector augmented wave method. In the second step, we introduce different substitutional alloying elements (Al, Cr, Co, Ni) into the Fe matrix and study their impact on the structural parameters. We demonstrate that a small amount of Al, Co, and Ni enhances the tetragonal lattice ratio of Fe(16)C(1) whereas Cr leaves the ratio almost unchanged. The obtained trends are correlated with the single-crystal elastic parameters calculated for carbon-free alloys.
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| 17. |
- Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran, et al.
(author)
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In situ AFM study of localized corrosion processes of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel : Effect of secondary hardening
- 2017
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:13, s. C810-C818
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of secondary hardening of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel on the corrosion behavior in aqueous 0.01 M NaCl has been studied, in-situ, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to monitor real-time localized corrosion processes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the presence of undissolved and secondary carbides (Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Cr3C2, Cr3C, Cr2C, and CrC) as well as retained austenite, all finely dispersed in the tempered martensitic matrix. Electrochemical measurements, consisted of monitoring of the open-circuit potential vs. time and cyclic polarization in 0.01 M NaCl solution, were performed to evaluate the passivity and its breakdown, and it was seen that initiation sites for localized corrosion were predominantly peripheral sites of carbides. In-situ AFM measurements revealed that there was a sequence for localized corrosion in which the neighboring matrix next to secondary carbides dissolved first, followed by corrosive attack on regions adjacent to undissolved carbides. Tempering at 500◦C reduced the corrosion resistance and the ability to passivate in comparison to tempering at 250◦C.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bonetti, A, et al.
(author)
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RADICL-seq identifies general and cell type-specific principles of genome-wide RNA-chromatin interactions
- 2020
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 1018-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mammalian genomes encode tens of thousands of noncoding RNAs. Most noncoding transcripts exhibit nuclear localization and several have been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. To investigate the function of such RNAs, methods to massively map the genomic interacting sites of multiple transcripts have been developed; however, these methods have some limitations. Here, we introduce RNA And DNA Interacting Complexes Ligated and sequenced (RADICL-seq), a technology that maps genome-wide RNA–chromatin interactions in intact nuclei. RADICL-seq is a proximity ligation-based methodology that reduces the bias for nascent transcription, while increasing genomic coverage and unique mapping rate efficiency compared with existing methods. RADICL-seq identifies distinct patterns of genome occupancy for different classes of transcripts as well as cell type–specific RNA-chromatin interactions, and highlights the role of transcription in the establishment of chromatin structure.
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| 20. |
- Broqvist, Natalia, et al.
(author)
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On wear resistance of tool steel
- 2012
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In: Journal of Manufacturing Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-6125. ; 14:3, s. 195-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Maintaining a reasonably low cutting tool wear when producing forming tools is a general challenge in the development of new forming tool materials. The tool life of a hot forming tool steel (H13) has been significantly improved by reducing its Si-content from 1.0 to 0.06 wt.%. However, this modified H13 (MH13) also displays a reduced cutting tool life due to higher cutting forces and a stronger tendency to form built up layers (BUE) on the cutting edge. This paper explains why.Gleeble tests of MH13 revealed a significantly higher flow stress in the 820–900 °C temperature interval in MH13 compared to H13. Thermo-Calc simulations showed that when reducing the Si-content from 1.0 to 0.06 wt.% the initial temperature for ferrite-to-austenite transformation (A1) was reduced from 900 °C to 820 °C. Knowing that austenite has totally different mechanical and thermal properties than ferrite, the difference in A1 between the two steels explains the higher cutting forces and higher tendency for BUE-formation. The conclusion is that the difference in machinability between H13 and MH13 is primarily related to their difference in A1.An attempt was also made to find a new tool material composition that can combine the wear resistance of MH13 and the good machinability of H13. Thermo-Calc simulations were performed with slightly modified alloying content without changing its properties as a good forming tool material, with the aim to increase A1. For instance, reducing the Mn content from 0.5 to 0.05 wt.% proved to increase A1 from 820 to 850 °C.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Krakhmalev, Pavel, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Influence of heat treatment under hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on microstructure of intermetallic-reinforced tool steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
- 2020
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In: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 772
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microstructure and properties of as-built laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) steels differ from the conventional ones, and they may contain some porosity and lack of fusion. Therefore, post-treatments, including hot isostatic pressing (HIP), are used to density the material, and tailor the properties of the final product. Usually, HIP is performed as an operation separate from heat treatment. In the present investigation a new approach was used, in which the whole cycle of the heat treatment was carried out in HIP under pressure, and the influence of HIP on microstructure of an advanced stainless maraging tool steel manufactured by LPBF was investigated. For a comparison, a conventional steel grade of the same chemical composition, after a heat treatment at the same temperature-time conditions, was also characterized. The microstructure of the steel was investigated by means of advanced microscopy and atom probe tomography. The influence of the manufacturing route, heat treatment and HIP on microstructure, austenitic phase fraction and size distribution of precipitates was investigated, and the role of high pressure in stabilization of austenite in the microstructure was discussed. It was concluded that since HIP influences phase transformations, a fundamental understanding of the influence of HIP on microstructure is nececcary, and development of new post processing regimes guaranteeing the best performance of the material is required.
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| 26. |
- Romanova, EI, et al.
(author)
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RUNX1/CEBPA Mutation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Promotes Hypermethylation and Indicates for Demethylation Therapy
- 2022
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In: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing heterogeneous disease with a high mortality rate, which is characterized by hyperproliferation of atypical immature myeloid cells. The number of AML patients is expected to increase in the near future, due to the old-age-associated nature of AML and increased longevity in the human population. RUNX1 and CEBPA, key transcription factors (TFs) of hematopoiesis, are frequently and independently mutated in AML. RUNX1 and CEBPA can bind TET2 demethylase and attract it to their binding sites (TFBS) in cell lines, leading to DNA demethylation of the regions nearby. Since TET2 does not have a DNA-binding domain, TFs are crucial for its guidance to target genomic locations. In this paper, we show that RUNX1 and CEBPA mutations in AML patients affect the methylation of important regulatory sites that resulted in the silencing of several RUNX1 and CEBPA target genes, most likely in a TET2-dependent manner. We demonstrated that hypermethylation of TFBS in AML cells with RUNX1 mutations was associated with resistance to anticancer chemotherapy. Demethylation therapy restored expression of the RUNX1 target gene, BIK, and increased sensitivity of AML cells to chemotherapy. If our results are confirmed, mutations in RUNX1 could be an indication for prescribing the combination of cytotoxic and demethylation therapies.
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