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| 2. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating flowability of additive manufacturing powders, using the gustavsson flow meter
- 2016
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In: World PM 2016 Congress and Exhibition. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). - 9781899072484
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Gustavsson flow meter (including standard ISO-13517) is in this paper used to measure flow rate of fine AM powders. In the current paper, the results are compared to the Hall flow meter and a Freeman FT4 powder rheometer in terms of success of measuring these AM powders. The robustness is clearly superior to the Hall flow meter. Compared to using the rheometer, the Gustavsson flow meter is faster and simpler to use; however, other powder-aspects are evaluated since little correlation was found. All methods of characterizing the flowability could distinguish between (1) two alloys, and (2) if the alloys were new or used (in SLM), and (3) if they were dried or non-dried.
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| 3. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating flowability of additive manufacturing powders, using the Gustavsson flow meter
- 2017
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In: Metal Powder Report. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0026-0657 .- 1873-4065. ; 72:5, s. 322-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Gustavsson flow meter (including standard ISO-13517) is in this paper used to measure flow rate of fine AM powders. In the current paper, the results are compared to the Hall flow meter and a Freeman FT4 powder rheometer in terms of success of measuring these AM powders. The range of possible powders to measure is smaller with Gustavsson flow meter; but in this range, the difference in flow time is greater compared to the Hall flow meter. Compared to using the rheometer, the Gustavsson flow meter is faster and simpler to use; however, other powder-aspects are evaluated since little correlation was found. For the powders in this paper, all methods of characterizing the flowability could distinguish between (1) two alloys, and (2) if the alloys were new or used (in SLM), and (3) if they were dried or non-dried.
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| 6. |
- Davies, J. I., et al.
(author)
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Global surgery, obstetric, and anaesthesia indicator definitions and reporting: An Utstein consensus report
- 2021
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In: Plos Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 18:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Indicators to evaluate progress towards timely access to safe surgical, anaesthesia, and obstetric (SAO) care were proposed in 2015 by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. These aimed to capture access to surgery, surgical workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality rate, and catastrophic and impoverishing financial consequences of surgery. Despite being rapidly taken up by practitioners, data points from which to derive the indicators were not defined, limiting comparability across time or settings. We convened global experts to evaluate and explicitly define-for the first time-the indicators to improve comparability and support achievement of 2030 goals to improve access to safe affordable surgical and anaesthesia care globally. Methods and findings The Utstein process for developing and reporting guidelines through a consensus building process was followed. In-person discussions at a 2-day meeting were followed by an iterative process conducted by email and virtual group meetings until consensus was reached. The meeting was held between June 16 to 18, 2019; discussions continued until August 2020. Participants consisted of experts in surgery, anaesthesia, and obstetric care, data science, and health indicators from high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Considering each of the 6 indicators in turn, we refined overarching descriptions and agreed upon data points needed for construction of each indicator at current time (basic data points), and as each evolves over 2 to 5 (intermediate) and >5 year (full) time frames. We removed one of the original 6 indicators (one of 2 financial risk protection indicators was eliminated) and refined descriptions and defined data points required to construct the 5 remaining indicators: geospatial access, workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality, and catastrophic expenditure. A strength of the process was the number of people from global institutes and multilateral agencies involved in the collection and reporting of global health metrics; a limitation was the limited number of participants from low- or middle-income countries-who only made up 21% of the total attendees. Conclusions To track global progress towards timely access to quality SAO care, these indicators-at the basic level-should be implemented universally as soon as possible. Intermediate and full indicator sets should be achieved by all countries over time. Meanwhile, these evolutions can assist in the short term in developing national surgical plans and collecting more detailed data for research studies.
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Environmental compensation as a policy tool in Swedish municipal planning
- 2019
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the struggle to reach the national environmental policy objectives, environmental compensation has emerged as a possible policy tool that may contribute to achieving the objectives. In Sweden, environmental compensation is legally mandated mainly in cases of exploitation within Natura 2000 areas and nature reserves, which is handled through the Swedish Environmental Code. In contrast, regulatory support is weak when it comes to compensation for impacts arising from municipal development (e.g., housing, schools, hospitals, local roads, etc), even though detailed development planning is required through the Planning and Building Act. Despite this, some municipalities have voluntarily mainstreamed environmental compensation into their planning processes. In the research project ”MuniComp” (2018-2020) we investigate the more progressive use of environmental compensation in planning in two Southern Swedish municipalities, Lomma and Helsingborg (in the province of Skåne). We analyze the models and processes of compensation used, and planning cases where compensation have been applied, in terms of general aspects and criteria for environmental compensation and in light of the constraints of the Swedish legislative context. In the presentation, the compensation models and some of the results from the compensation cases will be presented.
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| 11. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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A proposed Swedish national standard and best practice for detection of Ar in PM hip material
- 2018
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In: Euro PM 2018 Congress and Exhibition. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). - 9781899072507
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ar in metal is present as gaseous voids which affect the material performance; most notably the mechanical properties. In agreement with literature findings, our investigation confirms this for 316L steel produced by PM HIP. Detecting the Ar is possible by microscopy, but more reliably with inert gas fusion followed by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry. The users of these techniques have accumulated experience over the years and consider them robust, especially in terms of distinguishing a presence or absence of Ar. Since consensus has emerged, a standard is now possible. We propose firstly a national standard. It may be used as a quality agreement between the purchaser and provider of the PM HIP service. The proposed standard considers the distinctiveness of PM HIP. For example that Ar tends to segregate in PM HIP cans. In fact, consensus has also been reached on how to reliably sample from PM HIP cans. © European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA).
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| 12. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Biomass availability in Sweden for use in blast furnaces : International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE2014
- 2014
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In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 1352-1355
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on the type of BF operated in Sweden, the pulverized coal (PC) has primarily been considered replaceable. If replacing the PC, a reduction of 1.25 Mton CO2 annually is possible, which would require approximately 4 TWh charcoal (0.46 Mton) or 7.14 TWh of dry raw biomass. This amount of biomass is substantial and availability is the main concern discussed in this paper. Uncertainty of the future biomass supply makes predictions beyond 2030 difficult. However, the predictions used in this work indicate that there is an unused potential, which could cover the need of all PCI in Sweden. Other aspects could potentially limit the proportion of PCI replaced by biomass, which should be further investigated.
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| 13. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Detecting argon trapped in reference samples made by hot isostatic pressing
- 2016
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In: World PM 2016 Congress and Exhibition. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). - 9781899072484
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We reveal in this paper a procedure to make reference materials containing a known level of Ar. Risk assessment when detecting Ar in a production material is based on the content relative to a specified safety limit (usually 50 ngAr/gsteel). Hence we only need to know if a production material contains more or less than this limit. Now, we can produce material at this limit. To evaluate, we use two types of instruments, on the following contents: 24, 48, 71, 95 and ngAr/gsteel. We found that all instruments could distinguish a higher and a lower level, from the safety limit. These contents are close to the lowest detectable limit for both instruments. The instruments are a G8 Galileo from Bruker Elemental and an ELTRA-Werf (several units) from Takon AB. The mechanisms of Argon segregation are reflected upon as the need for a uniform distribution in reference samples is important. Especially if one would do the instrument calibration solely based on reference samples in the future.
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| 14. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Moisture content analysis of metal powders, using oven desorption followed by Karl Fischer titration
- 2018
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In: Euro PM 2018 Congress and Exhibition. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). - 9781899072507
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we use Oven Desorption followed by Karl Fischer Titration (KF), to measure moisture content in a newly opened PBF-LB Hasteloy X powder (we found 28.8 ppm), an PBF-EB powder (13.7 ppm) and a HIP powder (6.7 ppm). This method heats a powder sample inside a hermetically closed vial, in an oven. At the same time an inert gas flow enters, flushes out the evaporated water and exits the vial, via a double hollow needle. The gas-water mixture that exits is directed to the Karl Fischer Titration, where the evaporated moisture is quantified. Included is also a comparison with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a climate chamber moisturization experiment of a PBF-LB HX powder followed by KF analysis. After the moisturization and KF analysis, the same powder was characterized in terms of oxygen content.
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| 15. |
- Steinhauer, H. Joe, et al.
(author)
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Automatic Early Risk Detection of Possible Medical Conditions for Usage Within an AMI-System
- 2015
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In: Ambient Intelligence - Software and Applications. - Cham : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783319196947 ; , s. 13-21
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using hyperglycemia as an example, we present how Bayesian networks can be utilized for automatic early detection of a person’s possible medical risks based on information provided by un obtrusive sensors in their living environments. The network’s outcome can be used as a basis on which an automated AMI-system decides whether to interact with the person, their caregiver, or any other appropriate party. The networks’ design is established through expert elicitation and validated using a half-automated validation process that allows the medical expert to specify validation rules. To interpret the networks’ results we use an output dictionary which is automatically generated for each individual network and translates the output probability into the different risk classes (e.g.,no risk, risk).
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| 16. |
- Sundqvist, Maria, et al.
(author)
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System analysis of integrating fast pyrolysis to an iron and steel plant
- 2015
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In: ECOS 2015 - 28th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. - : International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. - 9782955553909
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The reducing of CO2 allowance promotes steel industry to mitigate CO2 emissions. Utilization of biomass e.g., as injectants in the blast furnace to replace pulverized coal (PC), has been proposed as one promising option to meet these requirements in the short- Term. The aim of this work is to integrate a biomass fast pyrolysis to the iron and steel industry and to investigate the potential effects on the energy consumption and CO2 emission. In this work, an iron and steel plant from Sweden was chosen as a case study. An optimization model was extended to cover the fast pyrolysis units in the system boundary. The fast pyrolysis plant produces different types of biomass products i.e., bio-char, bio-oil and bio-syngas. Different alternative to utilize biomass products within the system were included in the model. The investigation shows that the integration of a fast pyrolysis units has great potential on, not only reducing CO2 emission, the potential energy savings.
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| 17. |
- Söderqvist, Tore, et al.
(author)
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Metrics for environmental compensation: A comparative analysis of Swedish municipalities
- 2021
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In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 299, s. 113622-113622
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental compensation (EC) aims at addressing environmental losses due to development projects and involves a need to compare development losses with compensation gains using relevant metrics. A conceptual procedure for computing no net loss is formulated and used as a point of departure for a comparative analysis of metrics used by five Swedish municipalities as a part of their EC implementation in the spatial planning context of detailed development plans. While Swedish law does not require EC in this context, these municipalities have still decided to introduce EC requirements for development projects that occur on municipality-owned land and to promote voluntary EC among private actors in development projects on private land.There is substantial variation across the municipalities studied with respect to both metrics and attributes subject to measurement, but there are also similarities: The attributes considered when assessing the need for EC in conjunction with development are not only about nature per se, but also about recreational opportunities and other types ecosystem services; semi-quantitative metrics such as scores are common while quantitative or monetary metrics are rare; and metrics are rarely applied to assess compensatory gains, focusing instead on losses from development. Streamlining across municipalities might be warranted for increasing predictability and transparency for developers and citizens, but it also introduces considerable challenges such as a need for developing consistent guidelines for semi-quantitative metrics, and to handle substitutability issues if metrics are not only applied on individual attributes but also on groups of attributes.The broad scope of attributes used by the municipalities is in line with an international tendency to broaden EC to include not only biodiversity aspects but also ecosystem services. Moreover, the EC systems applied by the municipalities are of particular importance for highlighting the crucial role of environmental management for maintaining and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services not only in areas having formal protection status but also in the everyday landscape. The municipalities’ experience and strengths and weaknesses associated with their EC systems are therefore relevant also in an international perspective.
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| 18. |
- Åhman, H.N., et al.
(author)
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Magnesium Powder Characteristics and Implications for Powder Bed Fusion
- 2020
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In: Proceedings - Euro PM2020 Congress and Exhibition. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Magnesium is the lightest metal currently processed by powder bed fusion - laser beam (PBF-LB). Its low density implies very different powder characteristics compared to materials more established within AM. To gain a greater understanding of the characteristics of magnesium powder and its implications for AM, a gas-atomized WE43 powder was characterized and processed by PBF-LB. The spreadability of the powder was evaluated using TQC Sheen Automatic Film Applicator, while in parallel, the powder was processed in PBF-LB. The flowability was evaluated using Hall and Gustafsson flowmeters. Apparent density was measured and general behaviour during handling was evaluated. The results were compared with powders commonly used in PBF-LB. The spreadability of the powder was greater than expected: the powder flowed in both the Hall and Gustavsson flowmeters, although the flow time was extremely long. Parts were successfully built in an EOS M290 printer using the powder with the as-atomized particle size distribution.
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