SwePub - search: WFRF:(Melnikov S.)

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1.	Adler, S. S., et al. (author) High transverse momentum eta meson production in p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2007 In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 75:2 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of eta mesons in the range p(T)approximate to 2-12 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.35) by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in p+p,d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV. The eta mesons are reconstructed through their eta ->gamma gamma channel for the three colliding systems as well as through the eta ->pi(0)pi(+)pi(-) decay mode in p+p and d+Au collisions. The nuclear modification factor in d+Au collisions, R-dAu(p(T))approximate to 1.0-1.1, suggests at most only modest p(T) broadening ("Cronin enhancement"). In central Au+Au reactions, the eta yields are significantly suppressed, with R-AuAu(p(T))approximate to 0.2. The ratio of eta to pi(0) yields is approximately constant as a function of p(T) for the three colliding systems in agreement with the high-p(T) world average of R-eta/pi(0)approximate to 0.5 in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions for a wide range of center-of-mass energies (root sNN approximate to 3-1800 GeV) as well as, for high scaled momentum x(p), in e(+)e(-) annihilations at root s=91.2 GeV. These results are consistent with a scenario where high-p(T) eta production in nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is largely unaffected by initial-state effects but where light-quark mesons (pi(0),eta) are equally suppressed due to final-state interactions of the parent partons in the dense medium produced in Au+Au reactions.
2.	Adler, S. S., et al. (author) Detailed study of high-p(T) neutral pion suppression and azimuthal anisotropy in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN) =200 GeV 2007 In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 76:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Measurements of neutral pion (pi(0)) production at midrapidity in root s(NN)=200 GeV Au+Au collisions as a function of transverse momentum, p(T), collision centrality, and angle with respect to reaction plane are presented. The data represent the final pi(0) results from the PHENIX experiment for the first RHIC Au+Au run at design center-of-mass energy. They include additional data obtained using the PHENIX Level-2 trigger with more than a factor of 3 increase in statistics over previously published results for p(T)>6 GeV/c. We evaluate the suppression in the yield of high-p(T) pi(0)'s relative to pointlike scaling expectations using the nuclear modification factor R-AA. We present the p(T) dependence of R-AA for nine bins in collision centrality. We separately integrate R-AA over larger p(T) bins to show more precisely the centrality dependence of the high-p(T) suppression. We then evaluate the dependence of the high-p(T) suppression on the emission angle Delta phi of the pions with respect to event reaction plane for seven bins in collision centrality. We show that the yields of high-p(T) pi(0)'s vary strongly with Delta phi, consistent with prior measurements 1,2. We show that this variation persists in the most peripheral bin accessible in this analysis. For the peripheral bins we observe no suppression for neutral pions produced aligned with the reaction plane, whereas the yield of pi(0)'s produced perpendicular to the reaction plane is suppressed by a factor of similar to 2. We analyze the combined centrality and Delta phi dependence of the pi(0) suppression in different p(T) bins using different possible descriptions of parton energy loss dependence on jet path-length averages to determine whether a single geometric picture can explain the observed suppression pattern.
3.	Adler, S. S., et al. (author) Evidence for a long-range component in the pion emission source in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2007 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 98:13 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Emission source functions are extracted from correlation functions constructed from charged pions produced at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at s(NN)=200 GeV. The source parameters extracted from these functions at low k(T) give first indications of a long tail for the pion emission source. The source extension cannot be explained solely by simple kinematic considerations. The possible role of a halo of secondary pions from resonance emissions is explored.
4.	Adler, S. S., et al. (author) Measurement of single muons at forward rapidity in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV and implications for charm production 2007 In: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-2368. ; 76:9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Muon production at forward rapidity (1.5 <=\|eta\|<= 1.8) has been measured by the PHENIX experiment over the transverse momentum range 1 <= p(T)<= 3 GeV/c in root s=200 GeV p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. After statistically subtracting contributions from light hadron decays an excess remains which is attributed to the semileptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy flavor, i.e. charm quarks or, at high p(T), bottom quarks. The resulting muon spectrum from heavy flavor decays is compared to PYTHIA and a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. PYTHIA is used to determine the charm quark spectrum that would produce the observed muon excess. The corresponding differential cross section for charm quark production at forward rapidity is determined to be d sigma(c (c) over bar)/dy\|(y=1.6)=0.243 +/- 0.013(stat.)+/- 0.105(data syst.)(-0.087)(+0.049)(PYTHIA syst.) mb.
5.	Adler, S. S., et al. (author) Dense-medium modifications to jet-induced hadron pair distributions in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200 GeV 2006 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 97:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Azimuthal correlations of jet-induced high-p(T) charged hadron pairs are studied at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV. The distribution of jet-associated partner hadrons (1.0 < p(T)< 2.5 GeV/c) per trigger hadron (2.5 < p(T)< 4.0 GeV/c) is found to vary with collision centrality, in both shape and yield, indicating a significant effect of the nuclear collision medium on the jet fragmentation process.
6.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) PHENIX detector overview 2003 In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
7.	Adler, S. S., et al. (author) Measurement of density correlations in pseudorapidity via charged particle multiplicity fluctuations in 2007 In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 76 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
8.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration 2005 In: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 757:1-2, s. 184-283 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (PT), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, nonstatistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high PT. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.
9.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Jet structure of baryon excess in Au+Au collisions at root SNN=200 GeV 2005 In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 71:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Two particle correlations between identified meson and baryon trigger particles with 2.5
10.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Single electrons from heavy-flavor decays in p + p collisions at root s=200 GeV 2006 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 96:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The invariant differential cross section for inclusive electron production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the transverse momentum range 0.4 <= p(T) <= 5.0 GeV/c in the central rapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 0.35). The contribution to the inclusive electron spectrum from semileptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy flavor, i.e., charm quarks or, at high p(T), bottom quarks, is determined via three independent methods. The resulting electron spectrum from heavy-flavor decays is compared to recent leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The total cross section of charm quark-antiquark pair production is determined to be sigma(c (c) over bar) = 0.92 +/- 0.15(stat) +/- 0.54(syst) mb.
11.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Bose-Einstein correlations of charged pion pairs in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 200 GeV 2004 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 93:15 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pion pairs were measured by the PHENIX experiment at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined as a function of the transverse momentum of the pair and as a function of the centrality of the collision. Using the standard core-halo partial Coulomb fits, and a new parametrization which constrains the Coulomb fraction as determined from the unlike-sign pion correlation, the ratio R-out/R-side is within 0.8-1.1 for 0.25<<1.2 GeV/c. The centrality dependence of all radii is well described by a linear scaling in N-part(1/3), and R-out/R-side for similar to0.45 GeV/c is approximately constant at unity as a function of centrality.
12.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Centrality dependence of charm production from a measurement of single electrons in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2005 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 94:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The PHENIX experiment has measured midrapidity transverse momentum spectra (0.4
13.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Common suppression pattern of eta and pi(0) mesons at high transverse momentum in Au plus Au collisions at root SNN=200 GeV 2006 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 96:20 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of eta mesons have been measured within p(T)=2-10 GeV/c at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. In central Au+Au the eta yields are significantly suppressed compared to peripheral Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p yields scaled by the corresponding number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. The magnitude, centrality, and p(T) dependence of the suppression is common, within errors, for eta and pi(0). The ratio of eta to pi(0) spectra at high p(T) amounts to 0.40 < R-eta/pi(0)< 0.48 for the three systems, in agreement with the world average measured in hadronic and nuclear reactions and, at large scaled momentum, in e(+)e(-) collisions.
14.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Deuteron and antideuteron production in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2005 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 94:12 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The production of deuterons and antideuterons in the transverse momentum range 1.1 < p(T)< 4.3 GeV/c at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. A coalescence analysis, comparing the deuteron and antideuteron spectra with that of proton and antiproton, has been performed. The coalescence probability is equal for both deuterons and antideuterons and it increases as a function of p(T), which is consistent with an expanding collision zone. Comparing (anti)proton yields, (p) over bar /p = 0.73 +/- 0.01, with (anti)deuteron yields, (d) over bar /d = 0.47 +/- 0.03, we estimate that (n) over bar /n = 0.64 +/- 0.04. The nucleon phase space density is estimated from the coalescence measurement.
15.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2003 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 91:18: 182301 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The anisotropy parameter (v(2)), the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution, has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities (eta<0.35) with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (eta=3-4 ). We observe that the v(2) of mesons falls below that of (anti)baryons for p(T)>2 GeV/c, in marked contrast to the predictions of a hydrodynamical model. A quark-coalescence model is also investigated.
16.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) J/psi production from proton-proton collisions at root s=200 GeV 2004 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 92:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract J/psi production has been measured in proton-proton collisions at roots=200 GeV over a wide rapidity and transverse momentum range by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Distributions of the rapidity and transverse momentum, along with measurements of the mean transverse momentum and total production cross section are presented and compared to available theoretical calculations. The total J/psi cross section is 4.0+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.6(syst)+/-0.4(abs) mub. The mean transverse momentum is 1.80+/-0.23(stat)+/-0.16(syst) GeV/c.
17.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) J/psi production in Au-Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2004 In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 69:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract First results on charm quarkonia production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented. The yield of J/psi's measured in the PHENIX experiment via electron-positron decay pairs at midrapidity for Au-Au reactions at roots(NN) = 200 GeV is analyzed as a function of collision centrality. For this analysis we have studied 49.3x10(6) minimum bias Au-Au reactions. We present the J/psi invariant yield dN/dy for peripheral and midcentral reactions. For the most central collisions where we observe no signal above background, we quote 90% confidence level upper limits. We compare these results with our J/psi measurement from proton-proton reactions at the same energy. We find that our measurements are not consistent with models that predict strong enhancement relative to binary collision scaling.
18.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Measurement of single electron event anisotropy in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2005 In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 72:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v(2), the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The measurement was made with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (vertical bar eta vertical bar = 3.1-3.9). From the result we have measured the v(2) of electrons from heavy flavor decay after subtraction of the v(2) of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decay from light neutral mesons. We observe a nonzero single electron v(2) with a 90% confidence level in the intermediate-p(T) region. The precision of the present data set does not permit us to conclude definitively that heavy quarks exhibit thermalization with the transverse flow of the bulk matter.
19.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity production of neutral pions and charged hadrons in polarized p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV 2005 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 95 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Transverse single-spin asymmetries to probe the transverse-spin structure of the proton have been measured for neutral pions and nonidentified charged hadrons from polarized proton-proton collisions at midrapidity and root s = 200 GeV. The data cover a transverse momentum (pT) range 1.0-5.0 GeV/c for neutral pions and 0.5-5.0 GeV/c for charged hadrons, at a Feynman-x value of approximately zero. The asymmetries seen in this previously unexplored kinematic region are consistent with zero within errors of a few percent. In addition, the inclusive charged hadron cross section at midrapidity from 0.5 < P-T < 7.0 GeV/c is presented and compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD ( pQCD) calculations. Successful description of the unpolarized cross section above similar to 2 GeV/c suggests that pQCD is applicable in the interpretation of the asymmetry results in the relevant kinematic range.
20.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Midrapidity direct-photon production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV 2005 In: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields). - 0556-2821. ; 71:7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A measurement of direct photons in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV is presented. A photon excess above background from pi(0)->gamma+gamma, eta ->gamma+gamma and other decays is observed in the transverse momentum range 5.5 < p(T)< 7 GeV/c. The result is compared to a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. Within errors, good agreement is found between the QCD calculation and the measured result.
21.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Midrapidity neutral-pion production in proton-proton collisions at root s 200 GeV 2003 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 91:24: 241803 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The invariant differential cross section for inclusive neutral-pion production in p+p collisions at roots=200 GeV has been measured at midrapidity (eta<0.35) over the range 1
22.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Production of phi mesons at midrapidity in root S-NN=200 GeVAu+Au collisions at relativistic energies 2005 In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 72:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present the results of phi meson production in the K+K- decay channel from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) =200 GeV as measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Precision resonance centroid and width values are extracted as a function of collision centrality. No significant variation from the Particle Data Group accepted values is observed, contrary to some model predictions. The phi transverse mass spectra are fitted with a linear exponential function for which the derived inverse slope parameter is seen to be constant as a function of centrality. However, when these data are fitted by a hydrodynamic model the result is that the centrality-dependent freeze-out temperature and the expansion velocity values are consistent with the values previously derived from fitting identified charged hadron data. As a function of transverse momentum the collisions scaled peripheral-to-central yield ratio R-CP for the phi is comparable to that of pions rather than that of protons. This result lends support to theoretical models that distinguish between baryons and mesons instead of particle mass for explaining the anomalous (anti) proton yield.
23.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Scaling properties of proton and antiproton production in root s(NN)=200 GeV Au+Au collisions 2003 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 91:17: 172301 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report on the yield of protons and antiprotons, as a function of centrality and transverse momentum, in Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN)=200 GeV measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In central collisions at intermediate transverse momenta (1.5
24.	Adler, SS, et al. (author) Suppressed pi(0) production at large transverse momentum in central Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2003 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 91:7: 072301 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Transverse momentum spectra of neutral pions in the range 1
25.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Centrality dependence of the high (PT) charged hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV 2003 In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 561:1-2, s. 82-92 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p(T) spectra from Au +An collisions at root(s)NN = 130 GeV The truncated mean p(T) decreases with centrality for p(T) > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high p(T) hadrdn production. For central collisions the yield at high p(T) is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p + p, data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e., for collisions with less than similar to140 participating nucleons. The observed p(T) and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
26.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean E(T) in root s(NN)=130 GeVAu+Au collisions 2002 In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 66:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of nonstatistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant nonrandom fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive p(T) or e(T) spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in roots(NN)=130 GeV Au+Au collisions.
27.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Flow Measurements via Two-Particle Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV 2002 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 89 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Two-particle azimuthal correlation functions are presented for charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV). The measurements permit determination of elliptic flow without event-by-event estimation of the reaction plane. The extracted elliptic flow values (v2) show significant sensitivity to both the collision centrality and the transverse momenta of emitted hadrons, suggesting rapid thermalization and relatively strong velocity fields. When scaled by the eccentricity of the collision zone ε, the scaled elliptic flow shows little or no dependence on centrality for charged hadrons with relatively low pT. A breakdown of this ε scaling is observed for charged hadrons with pT >1.0 GeV/c.
28.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Measurement of Lambda and (Lambda)over-bar particles in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV 2002 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 89:9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present results on the measurement of Lambda and (&ULambda;) over bar production in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The transverse momentum spectra were measured for minimum bias and for the 5% most central events. The (&ULambda;) over bar/Lambda ratios are constant as a function of p(T) and the number of participants. The measured net Lambda density is significantly larger than predicted by models based on hadronic strings (e.g., HIJING) but in approximate agreement with models which include the gluon-junction mechanism.
29.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Measurement of single electrons and implications for charm production in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=130 GeV 2002 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 88:19 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Transverse momentum spectra of electrons from Au+Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 GeV have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The spectra show an excess above the background from photon conversions and light hadron decays. The electron signal is consistent with that expected from semileptonic decays of charm. The yield of the electron signal dN(e)/dy for p(T) > 0.8 GeV/c is 0.025 +/- 0.004(stat) +/- 0.010( syst) in central collisions, and the corresponding charm cross section is 380 +/- 60(stat) +/- 200(syst ) mub per binary nucleon-nucleon collision.
30.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Net charge fluctuations in Au+Au interactions root s(NN)=130 GeV 2002 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 89 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Data from Au+ Au interactions at s(NN)=130 GeV, obtained with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near midrapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the quark-gluon plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.
31.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Suppression of hadrons with large transverse momentum in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV 2002 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 88:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Transverse momentum spectra for charged hadrons and for neutral pions in the range 1 Gev/c < P-T < 5 GeV/c have been measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in Au + Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV. At high p(T) the spectra from peripheral nuclear collisions are consistent with scaling the spectra from p + p collisions by the average number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The spectra from central collisions are significantly suppressed when compared to the binary-scaled p + p expectation, and also when compared to similarly binary-scaled peripheral collisions, indicating a novel nuclear-medium effect in central nuclear collisions at RHIC energies.
32.	Adcox, K, et al. (author) Transverse-mass dependence of two-pion correlations in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=130 GeV 2002 In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 88:19 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Two-pion correlations in roots(NN) = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC have been measured over a broad range of pair transverse momentum k(T) by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The k(T) dependent transverse radii are similar to results from heavy-ion collisions at roots(NN) = 4.1 , 4.9, and 17.3 GeV, whereas the longitudinal radius increases monotonically with beam energy. The ratio of the outwards to sidewards transverse radii (R-out/R-side) is consistent with unity and independent of k(T) .
33.	Bradnam, K. R., et al. (author) Assemblathon 2 : Evaluating de novo methods of genome assembly in three vertebrate species 2013 In: GigaScience. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2047-217X. ; 2:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: The process of generating raw genome sequence data continues to become cheaper, faster, and more accurate. However, assembly of such data into high-quality, finished genome sequences remains challenging. Many genome assembly tools are available, but they differ greatly in terms of their performance (speed, scalability, hardware requirements, acceptance of newer read technologies) and in their final output (composition of assembled sequence). More importantly, it remains largely unclear how to best assess the quality of assembled genome sequences. The Assemblathon competitions are intended to assess current state-of-the-art methods in genome assembly. Results: In Assemblathon 2, we provided a variety of sequence data to be assembled for three vertebrate species (a bird, a fish, and snake). This resulted in a total of 43 submitted assemblies from 21 participating teams. We evaluated these assemblies using a combination of optical map data, Fosmid sequences, and several statistical methods. From over 100 different metrics, we chose ten key measures by which to assess the overall quality of the assemblies. Conclusions: Many current genome assemblers produced useful assemblies, containing a significant representation of their genes and overall genome structure. However, the high degree of variability between the entries suggests that there is still much room for improvement in the field of genome assembly and that approaches which work well in assembling the genome of one species may not necessarily work well for another.
34.	Kirsten, Franz, 1983, et al. (author) A repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster 2022 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 602:7898, s. 585-589 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are flashes of unknown physical origin1. The majority of FRBs have been seen only once, although some are known to generate multiple flashes2,3. Many models invoke magnetically powered neutron stars (magnetars) as the source of the emission4,5. Recently, the discovery6 of another repeater (FRB 20200120E) was announced, in the direction of the nearby galaxy M81, with four potential counterparts at other wavelengths6. Here we report observations that localized the FRB to a globular cluster associated with M81, where it is 2 parsecs away from the optical centre of the cluster. Globular clusters host old stellar populations, challenging FRB models that invoke young magnetars formed in a core-collapse supernova. We propose instead that FRB 20200120E originates from a highly magnetized neutron star formed either through the accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf, or the merger of compact stars in a binary system7. Compact binaries are efficiently formed inside globular clusters, so a model invoking them could also be responsible for the observed bursts.
35.	Nimmo, K., et al. (author) Burst timescales and luminosities as links between young pulsars and fast radio bursts 2022 In: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; 6:3, s. 393-401 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extragalactic radio flashes of unknown physical origin. Their high luminosities and short durations require extreme energy densities, such as those found in the vicinity of neutron stars and black holes. Studying the burst intensities and polarimetric properties on a wide range of timescales, from milliseconds down to nanoseconds, is key to understanding the emission mechanism. However, high-time-resolution studies of FRBs are limited by their unpredictable activity levels, available instrumentation and temporal broadening in the intervening ionized medium. Here we show that the repeating FRB 20200120E can produce isolated shots of emission as short as about 60 nanoseconds in duration, with brightness temperatures as high as 3 × 1041 K (excluding relativistic effects), comparable with ‘nano-shots’ from the Crab pulsar. Comparing both the range of timescales and luminosities, we find that FRB 20200120E observationally bridges the gap between known Galactic young pulsars and magnetars and the much more distant extragalactic FRBs. This suggests a common magnetically powered emission mechanism spanning many orders of magnitude in timescale and luminosity. In this Article, we probe a relatively unexplored region of the short-duration transient phase space; we highlight that there probably exists a population of ultrafast radio transients at nanosecond to microsecond timescales, which current FRB searches are insensitive to.
36.	Callegaro, S., et al. (author) Geochemistry of deep Tunguska Basin sills, Siberian Traps : correlations and potential implications for the end-Permian environmental crisis 2021 In: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. - : Springer Nature. - 0010-7999 .- 1432-0967. ; 176:7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A vast portion of the plumbing system of the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province (STLIP) is emplaced in the Tunguska Basin, where borehole data reveal ubiquitous and abundant sills with great lateral extension. These intrusions intersect Cambrian-Ordovician evaporite, carbonate and siliciclastic series, and locally coal-bearing Permian host rocks, with a high potential for thermogenic gas generation. Here we present new geochemical data from 71 magmatic and 4 sedimentary rock samples from the Tunguska Basin center and periphery, recovered from 15 deep sills intercepted by boreholes. The studied samples are all low-Ti basalt and basaltic andesites, confirming absence of high-Ti and alkaline STLIP magmatism in the Tunguska Basin. The sills derive from picritic parental melts produced by extensive melting of a mantle source with recycled crustal components below a thinned lithosphere (50-60 km), within the spinel stability field. The mantle source was dominantly peridotitic, with enriched pyroxenitic domains formed by recycled lower crust, in agreement with previous models for the main tholeiitic STLIP phase. Limited amounts (up to 5%) of highly radiogenic granitoids or moderately radiogenic metapelites were assimilated in upper crustal magma reservoirs. After emplacement, sills intruded in Cambrian evaporites assimilated marlstones and interacted with the evaporitic host rocks, probably via fluids and brines. This is the first time that such process is described in subvolcanic rocks from all across the volcanic basin. The sills are correlated geochemically with the established chemostratigraphy for the on-craton STLIP lava piles and intrusions (Norilsk region). Sills correlated with the Morongovsky-Mokulaevsky Fm. and the Norilsk-type intrusions are the most voluminous, present all across the central Tunguska Basin, and bear the strongest evidence of interaction with evaporites. Massive discharge of thermogenic volatiles is suggested by explosive pipes and hydrothermal vent structures throughout the Tunguska Basin. We propose that this voluminous pulse of magmatism is a good candidate for the hitherto unidentified early intrusive phase of the STLIP, and may link the deep Tunguska basin sills to the end-Permian environmental crisis.
37.	Lappalainen, Hanna K., et al. (author) Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) : towards a holistic understanding of the feedbacks and interactions in the land-atmosphere-ocean-society continuum in the northern Eurasian region 2016 In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 16:22, s. 14421-14461 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The northern Eurasian regions and Arctic Ocean will very likely undergo substantial changes during the next decades. The Arctic-boreal natural environments play a crucial role in the global climate via albedo change, carbon sources and sinks as well as atmospheric aerosol production from biogenic volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, it is expected that global trade activities, demographic movement, and use of natural resources will be increasing in the Arctic regions. There is a need for a novel research approach, which not only identifies and tackles the relevant multi-disciplinary research questions, but also is able to make a holistic system analysis of the expected feedbacks. In this paper, we introduce the research agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX), a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and international program started in 2012 (https://www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex/). PEEX sets a research approach by which large-scale research topics are investigated from a system perspective and which aims to fill the key gaps in our understanding of the feedbacks and interactions between the land-atmosphereaquatic-society continuum in the northern Eurasian region. We introduce here the state of the art for the key topics in the PEEX research agenda and present the future prospects of the research, which we see relevant in this context.
38.	Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al. (author) Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. 2005 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
39.	Van Oost, G., et al. (author) Turbulent transport reduction by E x B velocity shear during edge plasma biasing : recent experimental results 2003 In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 45:5, s. 621-643 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Experiments in the tokamaks TEXTOR, CASTOR, T-10 and ISTTOK, as well as in the reversed field pinch RFX have provided new and complementary evidence on the physics of the universal mechanism of E x B velocity shear stabilization of turbulence, concomitant transport barrier formation and radial conductivity by using various edge biasing techniques. In TEXTOR the causality between transport reduction and induced electric fields in the edge has been for the first time clearly demonstrated. The high electric field gradients have been identified as the cause for the quenching of turbulent cells. A quantitative analysis of the measured transport reduction is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The scaling of plasma turbulence suppression with velocity shear has been established, revealing the density-potential cross-phase as a key element. Reduction in poloidal electric field, temperature, and density fluctuations across the shear layer lead to a reduction of the anomalous conducted and convected heat fluxes resulting in an energy transport barrier that is measured directly. In CASTOR the biasing electrode is placed at the separatrix in a non-intrusive configuration which has demonstrated strongly sheared electric fields and consequent improvement of the global particle confinement, as predicted by theory. The impact of sheared E x B flow on edge turbulent structures has been measured directly using a comprehensive set of electrostatic probe arrays as well as emissive probes. Measurements with a full poloidal Langmuir probe array have revealed quasi-coherent electrostatic waves in the SOL with a dominant mode number equal to the edge safety factor. In T-10 edge biasing is clearly improving the global performance of ECR heated discharges. Reflectometry and heavy ion beam probe measurements show the existence of a narrow plasma layer with strong suppression of turbulence. On ISTTOK, the influence of alternating positive and negative electrode and (non-intrusive) limiter biasing has been compared. Electrode biasing is found to be more efficient in modifying the radial electric field E, and confinement, limiter biasing acting mainly on the SOL. In the RFX reversed field pinch it has been demonstrated that also in RFPs biasing can increase the local E x B velocity shear in the edge region, and hence substantially reduce the local turbulence driven particle flux mainly due to a change in the relative phase between potential and density fluctuations.
40.	Alef, Walter, et al. (author) Geodetic data analysis of VGOS experiments 2021 In: 2021 34th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science, URSI GASS 2021. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) serves as one of the common geodetic methods to define the global reference frames and monitor Earth's orientation variations. The technical upgrade of the VLBI method known as the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) includes a critical re-design of the observed frequencies from the dual band mode (S and X band, i.e. 2 GHz and 8 GHz) to observations in a broadband (2-14 GHz). Since 2019 the first VGOS experiments are available for the geodetic analysis in free access at the International VLBI service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS). Also regional-only subnetworks such as European VLBI stations have succeeded already in VGOS mode. Based on these brand-new observations we review the current geodetic data analysis workflow to build a bridge between geodetic observed delays derived from different bands.
41.	Arellano, Santiago, 1981, et al. (author) Ground-based optical remote sensing measurements of SO2 gas emissions from volcanoes of Kamchatka during September 2011 2012 Reports (other academic/artistic)
42.	Bargon, CA, et al. (author) Moving breast implant registries forward: Are they FAIR and Functional? 2021 In: Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-0539 .- 1748-6815. ; 74:1, s. 4-12 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
43.	Garcia-Munoz, M., et al. (author) Active control of Alfven eigenmodes in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas 2019 In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 61:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Alfven waves are electromagnetic perturbations inherent to magnetized plasmas that can be driven unstable by a free energy associated with gradients in the energetic particles' distribution function. The energetic particles with velocities comparable to the Alfven velocity may excite Alfven instabilities via resonant wave-particle energy and momentum exchange. Burning plasmas with large population of fusion born super-Alfvenic alpha particles in magnetically confined fusion devices are prone to excite weakly-damped Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) that, if allowed to grow unabated, can cause a degradation of fusion performance and loss of energetic ions through a secular radial transport. In order to control the fast-ion distribution and associated Alfvenic activity, the fusion community is currently searching for external actuators that can control AEs and energetic ions in the harsh environment of a fusion reactor. Most promising control techniques are based on (i) variable fast-ion sources to modify gradients in the energetic particles' distribution, (ii) localized electron cyclotron resonance heating to affect the fast-ion slowing-down distribution, (iii) localized electron cyclotron current drive to modify the equilibrium magnetic helicity and thus the AE existence criteria and damping mechanisms, and (iv) externally applied 3D perturbative fields to manipulate the fast-ion distribution and thus the wave drive. Advanced simulations help to identify the key physics mechanisms underlying the observed AE mitigation and suppression and thus to develop robust control techniques towards future burning plasmas.
44.	Khodorkovskii, M. A., et al. (author) Study of the lowest electronic states of Xe-2, XeKr, and XeAr molecules by the method of multiphoton resonance ionization 2008 In: Optics and Spectroscopy. - 0030-400X .- 1562-6911. ; 104:5, s. 674-685 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The spectra of Xe-2, XeKr, and XeAr molecules in the range 66 500-68 800 cm(-1) are obtained by the methods of (2 + n) and (3 + n) (n = 1, 2, 3) resonance multiphoton ionization during the registration of molecular and atomic ions. The combining of two-and three-photon resonance excitations of Xe-2 molecules makes it possible to obtain the spectra caused by transitions from the ground state X0(g)(+) to the excited states of Xe6s[3/2](1,2)degrees(XeS0)-S-1 molecules both of the even (0(g)(+), 1(g) ) and of the odd (B0(u)(+), B'1(u) , 2(u) ) symmetries. The data on the Omega = 2(u) state of the Xe-2 molecule with the dissociation limit Xe6s[3/2](2)degrees + (XeS0)-S-1 and on the Omega = 1 state of the XeAr molecule with the dissociation limit Xe6s[3/2](1)degrees (ArS0)-S-1 are obtained for the first time. The potential curve of the excited 2(u) state of the Xe6s[3/2](2)degrees (XeS0)-S-1 molecule is repulsive and intersects the potential curve of the B0(u) + state of the Xe*6s[3/2](1)degrees (XeS0)-S-1 molecule. In the case of the three-photon excitation, it is observed that all the bands in the spectra of XeKr and XeAr molecules are broadened and are shifted, which indicates that, in an intense light field, the influence of the dynamic Stark effect is significant.
45.	Lindman, Björn, et al. (author) DNA-lipid systems. An amphiphile self-assembly and polymer-surfactant perspective 2002 In: Lipid and Polymer-Lipid Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0340-255X .- 1437-8027. - 9783540430018 ; 120, s. 52-63 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The interaction between DNA and oppositely charged surfactants has been investigated by several techniques, like fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, phase diagram determination, and ellipsometry. The phase behaviour is more strongly associative than that in previously studied systems. A precipitate is formed for very low amounts of surfactant and DNA. DNA compaction is a general phenomenon in the presence of multivalent ions and positively charged surfaces; because of the high charge density there are strong attractive ion correlation effects. The interaction between DNA and catanionic mixtures (i.e., mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants) was also investigated. We observed that DNA compacts and adsorbs onto the surface of positively charged vesicles and that the addition of anionic surfactant can release free DNA back into solution from a compact globular complex between DNA and cationic surfactant. Finally, we investigated DNA interactions with polycations, chitosans with different chain lengths, by fluorescence microscopy, in vivo transfections assays and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The general conclusion is that a chitosan effective in promoting compaction is also efficient in transfection.
46.	Lukashevich, M.G., et al. (author) Magnetoresistive effect in PET films with iron nanoparticles synthesised by ion implantation 2010 In: The Open Applied Physics Journal. - 1874-1835. ; 3, s. 1-5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Thin polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) layers with Fe nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised by high-fluence ion implantation. Temperature dependence of conductance and magnetoresitance were studied as a function of ion fluence. It is found that the implantation with fluences of about 1.0×1017 cm-2 causes high enough concentration of metal inclusions to provide conditions for electrical percolation that leads to an insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) in charge carrier transport mechanisms. The magnetoresistance measurements indicate that the magnetic percolation takes place at metal concentrations (fluences) lower than those needed for the electrical percolation. For the samples on insulating side of the IMT, a non-monotonous dependence of resistance in an increasing external magnetic field is observed due to anisotropic magnetoresistive effect and charge carrier scattering on magnetic inclusions. For the samples implanted with fluences > 1.0×1017 cm-2, the magnetoresistance becomes a monotonous decreasing function of the external magnetic field which is typical for ferromagnetic metals that indicates effective magnetic coupling of the iron inclusions.
47.	Melnikov, G, et al. (author) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Septic Shock in Children 2022 In: ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992). - 1538-943X. ; 68:2, s. 262-267 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
48.	Nimmo, K., et al. (author) Milliarcsecond Localization of the Repeating FRB 20201124A 2022 In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 927:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) localizations of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) have demonstrated a diversity of local environments: from nearby star-forming regions to globular clusters. Here we report the VLBI localization of FRB 20201124A using an ad hoc array of dishes that also participate in the European VLBI Network (EVN). In our campaign, we detected 18 bursts from FRB 20201124A at two separate epochs. By combining the visibilities from both epochs, we were able to localize FRB 20201124A with a 1 sigma uncertainty of 2.7 mas. We use the relatively large burst sample to investigate astrometric accuracy and find that for greater than or similar to 20 baselines (greater than or similar to 7 dishes) we can robustly reach milliarcsecond precision even using single-burst data sets. Subarcsecond precision is still possible for single bursts, even when only similar to 6 baselines (four dishes) are available. In such cases, the limited uv coverage for individual bursts results in very high side-lobe levels. Thus, in addition to the peak position from the dirty map, we also explore smoothing the structure in the dirty map by fitting Gaussian functions to the fringe pattern in order to constrain individual burst positions, which we find to be more reliable. Our VLBI work places FRB 20201124A 710 +/- 30 mas (1 sigma uncertainty) from the optical center of the host galaxy, consistent with originating from within the recently discovered extended radio structure associated with star formation in the host galaxy. Future high-resolution optical observations, e.g., with Hubble Space Telescope, can determine the proximity of FRB 20201124A's position to nearby knots of star formation.
49.	Perkiö Kato, Naoko, et al. (author) Validity and reliability of the left ventricular assist device self-care behaviour scale 2023 In: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 18:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BackgroundAdequate self-care behaviour is essential for patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) to prevent complications, prolong life, and optimise quality of life. However, there were no valid and reliable measurements available to assess self-care behaviour among patients with LVAD. We have previously developed the 33-item LVAD self-care behaviour scale. ObjectivesTo evaluate psychometric properties of the 33-item LVAD self-care behaviour scale. Methods and resultsData on 127 patients with a LVAD in Israel, Japan, and the USA were analysed (mean age 51 +/- 14.3, 81% male). Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors, and 13 items were excluded from the scale. Internal consistency assessed by Cronbachs alpha was acceptable for the total scale (alpha = 0.80) and the three subscales: Factor 1: Monitoring (alpha = 0.81), Factor 2: Heart failure self-care (alpha = 0.67), and Factor 3: LVAD self-care (alpha = 0.63). The 20-item version of the LVAD self-care behaviour scale had sufficient convergent validity with another scale that assessed self-care related to the driveline of LVAD (r = 0.47, p<0.001). Test-retest reliability was adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.58). ConclusionsThe 20-item version of the LVAD self-care behaviour scale showed adequate validity and reliability. The scale is ready for use in clinical practice and research. Additional testing might further optimise the scale.
50.	Tolmachev, Vladimir A., et al. (author) Optical Spectra of Composite One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals With Extended Stop Bands Based on a Si-Air Structure 2015 In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 33:17, s. 3577-3583 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The optical spectra of composite one-dimensional photonic crystals (1-D PCs), fabricated by microstructuring of Si, are investigated. The composite PC is based on a Si-air structure and consists of two periodic 1-D PCs with various lattice constants a with a(1) = 2.7 mu m and a(2) = 4 mu m and various filling fractions f. The PCs are fabricated using photolithography followed by anisotropic chemical etching of (1 1 0) Si. Reflection and transmission spectra of this structure are measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer combined with an IR microscope. The transmission spectra obtained demonstrate extended photonic stop bands (SBs), with characteristic transmission bands between the SBs. Theoretical and experimental transmission results indicate that the position of the extended SBs does not depend on the sequence of the individual PCs within the composite structure. In general, the calculated electric field distribution in the composite structure is similar to that of the individual PC components.

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