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- Bakari, M, et al.
(author)
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The prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in relation to CD4 counts among HIV-infected police officers in Dar es Salaam
- 2003
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In: Tropical doctor. - : SAGE Publications. - 0049-4755 .- 1758-1133. ; 33:1, s. 44-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among HIV-infected individuals, skin diseases cause significant morbidity and are frequently the initial indication of immunosuppression. From an on-going cohort study to determine prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among police officers (POs) and their suitability for HIV vaccine trials, a sub-study was carried out to determine the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases among HIV-infected POs and relate this to their immunodeficiency status. Consenting HIV-infected POs and their age and sex-matched HIV-negative officers were assessed for presence and type of skin diseases at their workplaces. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Immunodeficiency was measured by plasma CD4+ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Between November 1998 and 31 December 2000, 716 POs were assessed. Overall HIV-1 prevalence was 17.7% (127/716). One hundred and ninety-one POs (26.7%) had at least one skin diagnosis. HIV-infected POs had significantly higher (41.7%) prevalence of skin diseases than HIV-uninfected POs (26.4%), P=0.002. Fungal infections were common in both HIV-infected and uninfected POs. Among the HIV infected, other common diseases were: Herpes zoster (11.8%); pruritic papular eruption (PPE) (7.1%); seborrheic dermatitis (5.5%); and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (1.6%). KS and PPE were associated with severe immunodeficiency, with mean absolute (percentage) CD4+ counts of 75.5 cells/μL (4.0%) and 71.7 cells/μL (4.8%), respectively. The values for herpes zoster and seborrheic dermatitis were 271.1 cells/μL (12.4%) and 206.3 cells/μL (11.3%), respectively. Skin diseases were common among HIV-infected POs. PPE and KS are markers of severe immunodeficiency due to HIV. PPE, herpes zoster and KS strongly suggest underlying HIV-related immunodeficiency and patients with these conditions should be counselled and tested for HIV.
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- Joachim, A, et al.
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Frequent and Durable Anti-HIV Envelope VIV2 IgG Responses Induced by HIV-1 DNA Priming and HIV-MVA Boosting in Healthy Tanzanian Volunteers
- 2020
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In: Vaccines. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-393X. ; 8:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluated antibody responses to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2) in 29 vaccinees who had received three HIV-1 DNA immunizations and two HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boosts in the phase I/II HIVIS03 vaccine trial. Twenty vaccinees received a third HIV-MVA boost after three years in the HIVIS06 trial. IgG and IgG antibody subclasses to gp70V1V2 proteins of HIV-1 A244, CN54, Consensus C, and Case A2 were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cyclic V2 peptides of A244, Consensus C, and MN were used in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. Four weeks after the second HIV-MVA, anti-V1V2 IgG antibodies to A244 were detected in 97% of HIVIS03 vaccinees, in 75% three years later, and in 95% after the third HIV-MVA. Anti-CN54 V1V2 IgG was detectable in 48% four weeks after the second HIV-MVA. The SPR data supported the findings. The IgG response was predominantly IgG1. Four weeks after the second HIV-MVA, 85% of vaccinees had IgG1 antibodies to V1V2 A244, which persisted in 25% for three-years. IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies to V1V2 A244 were rare. In conclusion, the HIV-DNA/MVA vaccine regimen induced durable V1V2 IgG antibody responses in a high proportion of vaccinees.
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- Sandstrom, E, et al.
(author)
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Estimation of CD4 T-lymphocyte counts from percent CD4 T-lymphocyte determinations in HIV-1-infected subjects in sub-Saharan Africa
- 2003
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In: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 14:8, s. 547-551
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relationship between CD4 percent and CD4 count has been reported to be different in industrialized countries compared to sub-Saharan Africa, where often only the former is reliable. CD4 determinations from an open cohort of hotel workers in Dar es Salaam followed between 1990 and 1998 were evaluated. T-lymphocyte determinations were offered once a year to 190 HIV-1 seropositive, 80 seroconverters and 495 sex and age matched HIV-seronegative subjects. After log transformation of the CD4 percent and CD4 counts a good fit to a linear regression curve was found, R2 0.697. The CD4 percent corresponding to a CD4 count of 200 cells/mm3 was found to be 9.8%. CD4 percent determination can be useful to estimate CD4 counts, but needs to be locally standardized. The CD4 percent in Africa corresponding to AIDS defining CD4 counts seems to be lower than in the industrialized world.
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