| 1. |
- Bille-Brahe, U, et al.
(author)
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A repetition-prediction study of European parasuicide populations : a summary of the first report from part II of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide in co-operation with the EC concerted action on attempted suicide.
- 1997
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 95:2, s. 81-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the aims of the European Study on Parasuicide, which was initiated by the Regional Office for the European Region of the World Health Organization in the mid-1980s, was to try to identify social and personal characteristics that are predictive of future suicidal behaviour. A follow-up interview study (the Repetition-Prediction Study) was designed, and to date 1145 first-wave interviews have been conducted at nine research centres, representing seven European countries. The present paper provides an abridged version of the first report from the study. The design and the instrument used (The European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedules, EPSIS I and II) are described. Some basic characteristics of the samples from the various centres, such as sex, age, method of suicide attempt, and history of previous attempts, are presented and compared. The male/female sex ratio ranged from 0.41 to 0.85; the mean age range for men was 33-45 years and that for women was 29-45 years. At all of the centres, self-poisoning was the most frequently employed method. On average, more than 50% of all respondents had attempted suicide at least once previously. The representativeness of the samples is discussed. There were differences between the centres in several respects, and also in some cases the representativeness of the different samples varied. Results obtained from analyses based on pooled data should therefore be treated with caution.
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| 2. |
- Bille-Brahe, U, et al.
(author)
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A repetition-prediction study on European parasuicide populations. Part II of the WHO/Euro Multicentre Study on Parasuicide in cooperation with the EC Concerted Action on Attempted Suicide.
- 1996
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In: Crisis. - 0227-5910 .- 2151-2396. ; 17:1, s. 22-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the aims of the inter-European study on parasuicide, which was initiated by WHO/Euro in the mid-1980s, was to try and identify social and personal characteristics predictive of future suicidal behavior. A follow-up interview study (the Repetition-Prediction Study) was designed, and so far 1145 interviews have been carried out at nine research centers, representing seven European countries. The study and the instrument used (the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedules, EPSIS I and II) are described here. Some basic characteristics of the material from the various centers are presented and compared, and the representativeness of the samples are discussed. There were differences between the centers in several respects. Results from analyses based on pooled data have to be treated with some caution because of the possible lack of representativeness.
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| 3. |
- Bille-Brahe, U, et al.
(author)
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The WHO-EURO Multicentre Study : risk of parasuicide and the comparability of the areas under study.
- 1996
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In: Crisis. - 0227-5910 .- 2151-2396. ; 17:1, s. 32-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 15 areas under study in the WHO/Euro Multicentre Study on Parasuicide vary considerably with regard to socio-economic factors, culture, life-styles, etc. In this paper, the authors discuss whether the traditional high risk factors for suicidal behavior (such as unemployment, abuse, divorce, etc.) take on different weights depending on local societal and cultural settings. Results from analyzing covariations between various background factors characteristic of the different areas under study and the frequency of attempted suicide showed weak or insignificant correlations, indicating that high-risk factors can only be identified from international pooled data with great care.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- de Jong, Yde, et al.
(author)
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PESI - a taxonomic backbone for Europe
- 2015
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In: Biodiversity Data Journal. - 1314-2836 .- 1314-2828. ; 3, s. 1-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reliable taxonomy underpins communication in all of biology, not least nature conservation and sustainable use of ecosystem resources. The flexibility of taxonomic interpretations, however, presents a serious challenge for end-users of taxonomic concepts. Users need standardised and continuously harmonised taxonomic reference systems, as well as high-quality and complete taxonomic data sets, but these are generally lacking for non-specialists. The solution is in dynamic, expertly curated web-based taxonomic tools.The Pan-European Species-directories Infrastructure (PESI) worked to solve this key issue by providing a taxonomic e-infrastructure for Europe. It strengthened the relevant social (expertise) and information (standards, data and technical) capacities of five major community networks on taxonomic indexing in Europe, which is essential for proper biodiversity assessment and monitoring activities. The key objectives of PESI were: 1) standardisation in taxonomic reference systems, 2) enhancement of the quality and completeness of taxonomic data sets and 3) creation of integrated access to taxonomic information.This paper describes the results of PESI and its future prospects, including the involvement in major European biodiversity informatics initiatives and programs.
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| 7. |
- De Leo, D, et al.
(author)
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Attempted and completed suicide in older subjects : results from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study of Suicidal Behaviour.
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 16:3, s. 300-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stockholm (Sweden), Pontoise (France) and Oxford (UK) had the highest suicide attempts rates. In most centres, the majority of elderly who attempted suicide were widow(er)s, often living alone, who used predominantly voluntary drug ingestion. Non-fatal suicidal behaviour decreased with increasing age, whereas suicide rates rose. The ratio between fatal and non-fatal behaviours was 1:2, that for males/females almost 1:1. In the years considered, substantial stability in suicide and attempted suicide rates was observed. As their age increased, suicidal subjects displayed only a limited tendency to repeat self-destructive acts. Moreover, there was little correlation between attempted suicide and suicide rates, which carries different clinical implications for non-fatal suicidal behaviour in the elderly compared with younger subjects in the same WHO/EURO study.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- De Leo, D, et al.
(author)
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Repetition of suicidal behaviour in elderly Europeans : a prospective longitudinal study.
- 2002
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In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 72:3, s. 291-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess any predictive factors for repeated attempted suicide and completed suicide in a 1-year follow-up on a sample of elderly European suicide attempters (60 years and over). From 1990 to 1993, 63 subjects completed the first interview and were recontacted after 1 year. At follow-up, eight subjects (12.7%) had taken their lives and seven (11.1%) had repeated at least one suicide attempt. On comparison of repeaters and non-repeaters, differences emerged in terms of death of the father in childhood and for mean Suicidal Intent Score. At the end of follow-up period, repeaters reported a more frequent desire to repeat suicidal behaviour and judged their mental health and social assistance received to be worse. Suicides and non-repeaters differed especially in relation to death of father during childhood and number of contacts with General Practitioner. Interpretation of the results must take into account the smallness of the test sample, the difficulties in obtaining complete data for the follow-up interview, the lack of a control group and a diagnosis formulated in a hospital consultation setting. The study confirms, however, the high risk of repetition of suicidal behaviour in the elderly. In old age suicidal ideation is often sustained over long periods of time and requests for help are addressed to relatives and GPs. An interesting finding is the more frequent death of the father during childhood among repeaters.
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| 10. |
- Hawton, K, et al.
(author)
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Relation between attempted suicide and suicide rates among young people in Europe.
- 1998
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In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 52:3, s. 191-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the young covary. The recent increase in attempted suicide rates in young male subjects in several European countries could herald a further increase in suicide rates.
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| 11. |
- Hultén, A, et al.
(author)
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Recommended care for young people (15-19 years) after suicide attempts in certain European countries.
- 2000
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In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 9:2, s. 100-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data on recommended care for young people aged 15-19 years after attempted suicide from nine European research centres during the period 1989-1992 were analysed in terms of gender, history of previous suicide attempt and methods used. Altogether 438 suicide attempts made by 353 boys and 1,102 suicide attempts made by 941 girls were included. Analyses of the total data from all centres showed that young people with a history of previous suicide attempt and those using violent methods had significantly higher chance of being recommended aftercare than first-time attempters or those choosing self-poisoning. There were no significant differences of being recommended care between genders. Logistic regression analyses of the material were performed and the results were similar. Both having previous attempted suicide (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.53-2.61) and using "hard" methods (odds ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.49-1.96) were significantly associated with increased possibility of being recommended aftercare. When individual centres were analysed, large disparities of recommended care after suicide attempts were found and there were no uniform criteria of recommending care for young suicide attempters in Europe.
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| 12. |
- Jessen, G, et al.
(author)
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Attempted suicide and major public holidays in Europe : findings from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide.
- 1999
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 99:6, s. 412-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There appears to be a transposition of a significant number of suicide attempts from before (and during) a major public holiday until after it. The division of holidays into non-working and working days showed that a 'holiday effect' could only be found around major public holidays, particularly Christmas, Easter and Whitsun. These findings support the theory of the 'broken-promise effect' for major public holidays.
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| 13. |
- Lipsicas, Cendrine Bursztein, et al.
(author)
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Attempted suicide among immigrants in European countries : an international perspective
- 2012
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In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 47:2, s. 241-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study compares the frequencies of attempted suicide among immigrants and their hosts, between different immigrant groups, and between immigrants and their countries of origin. The material, 27,048 persons, including 4,160 immigrants, was obtained from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour, the largest available European database, and was collected in a standardised manner from 11 European centres in 1989-2003. Person-based suicide-attempt rates (SARs) were calculated for each group. The larger immigrant groups were studied at each centre and compared across centres. Completed-suicide rates of their countries of origin were compared to the SARs of the immigrant groups using rank correlations. 27 of 56 immigrant groups studied showed significantly higher, and only four groups significantly lower SARs than their hosts. Immigrant groups tended to have similar rates across different centres. Moreover, positive correlation between the immigrant SAR and the country-of-origin suicide rate was found. However, Chileans, Iranians, Moroccans, and Turks displayed high SARs as immigrants despite low suicide rates in the home countries. The similarity of most immigrant groups' SARs across centres, and the correlation with suicidality in the countries of origin suggest a strong continuity that can be interpreted in either cultural or genetic terms. However, the generally higher rates among immigrants compared to host populations and the similarity of the rates of foreign-born and those immigrants who retained the citizenship of their country of origin point to difficulties in the acculturation and integration process. The positive correlation found between attempted and completed suicide rates suggests that the two are related, a fact with strong implications for suicide prevention.
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| 14. |
- Lipsicas, Cendrine Bursztein, et al.
(author)
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Immigration and recommended care after a suicide attempt in Europe : equity or bias?
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 24:1, s. 63-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This report describes the investigation of care recommendations in the medical system across European countries to immigrants who attempted suicide. Data from seven European countries with 8865 local and 2921 immigrant person-cases were derived from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour and ensuing MONSUE (Monitoring Suicidal Behaviour in Europe) project. The relationship between immigrant status and type of aftercare recommended was analysed with binary logistic regression, adjusting for gender, age, method of attempt and the Centre collecting the data. Clear disparities were identified in the care recommendation practices toward immigrants, compared with hosts, over and above differing policies by the European Centres.
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| 15. |
- Lipsicas, Cendrine Bursztein, et al.
(author)
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Repetition of attempted suicide among immigrants in Europe
- 2014
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In: Canadian journal of psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0706-7437 .- 1497-0015. ; 59:10, s. 539-547
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare frequencies of suicide attempt repetition in immigrants and local European populations, and the timing of repetition in these groups.METHOD: Data from 7 European countries, comprising 10 574 local and 3032 immigrant subjects, were taken from the World Health Organization European Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour and the ensuing Monitoring Suicidal Behaviour in Europe (commonly referred to as MONSUE) project. The relation between immigrant status and repetition of suicide attempt within 12-months following first registered attempt was analyzed with binary logistic regression, controlling for sex, age, and method of attempt. Timing of repetition was controlled for sex, age, and the recommended type of aftercare.RESULTS: Lower odds of repeating a suicide attempt were found in Eastern European (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.61, P < 0.001) and non-European immigrants (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.90, P < 0.05), compared with the locals. Similar patterns were identified in the sex-specific analysis. Eastern European immigrants tended to repeat their attempt much later than locals (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.93, P < 0.05). In general, 32% of all repetition occurred within 30 days. Repetition tended to decrease with age and was more likely in females using harder methods in their index attempt (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.54, P < 0.01). Large variations in the general repetition frequency were identified between the collecting centres, thus influencing the results.CONCLUSIONS: The lower repetition frequencies in non-Western immigrants, compared with locals, in Europe stands in contrast to their markedly higher tendency to attempt suicide in general, possibly pointing to situational stress factors related to their suicidal crisis that are less persistent over time. Our findings also raise the possibility that suicide attempters and repeaters constitute only partially overlapping populations.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- McAuliffe, Carmel, et al.
(author)
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Problem-solving ability and repetition of deliberate self-harm : a multicentre study.
- 2006
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In: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 36:1, s. 45-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. While recent studies have found problem-solving impairments in individuals who engage in deliberate self-harm (DSH), few studies have examined repeaters and non-repeaters separately. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether specific types of problem-solving are associated with repeated DSH. Method. As part of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour, 836 medically treated DSH patients (59% repeaters) from 12 European regions were interviewed using the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule (EPSIS II) approximately 1 year after their index episode. The Utrecht Coping List (UCL) assessed habitual responses to problems. Results. Factor analysis identified five dimensions – Active Handling, Passive-Avoidance, Problem Sharing, Palliative Reactions and Negative Expression. Passive-Avoidance – characterized by a pre-occupation with problems, feeling unable to do anything, worrying about the past and taking a gloomy view of the situation, a greater likelihood of giving in so as to avoid difficult situations, the tendency to resign oneself to the situation, and to try to avoid problems – was the problem-solving dimension most strongly associated with repetition, although this association was attenuated by self-esteem. Conclusions. The outcomes of the study indicate that treatments for DSH patients with repeated episodes should include problem-solving interventions. The observed passivity and avoidance of problems (coupled with low self-esteem) associated with repetition suggests that intensive therapeutic input and follow-up are required for those with repeated DSH.
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| 18. |
- Michel, Bastien, et al.
(author)
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Adsorption characterization of various modified β-cyclodextrins onto TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril membranes and cryogels
- 2021
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In: Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5541. ; 24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- TEMPO-Oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (toCNF), in the form of highly entangled network such as membrane or cryogels, have proven to be of interest for various applications, including drug release or purification by pollutant adsorption. β-Cyclodextrins (β-CDs) have the ability to form inclusion complexes with large amount of hydrophobic molecules, and are considered as a promising way to bring new functionalities to these materials, by reducing drug burst release effect or improving the pollutant adsorption properties. The study of the adsorption β-CDs onto toCNF is then crucial to design toCNF/β-CDs materials, but is very complex due to the chemical proximity between these compounds. In this study, we develop toCNF cryogels containing various types of β-CDs derivatives by physical adsorption. Different protocols for analyzing the interactions between these compounds, such as Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), Quartz-Crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-d) and a Phenolphthalein-based protocol (PhP protocol) have been performed. Adsorption between β-CD and toCNF was proven at two different temperatures with ITC. QCM-d measurements allowed measuring adsorption of different β-CDs derivatives onto toCNF, with higher adsorption measured for the modified β-CDs, and with estimated binding capacity ranging from 13.4 to 47.6 μmol/g toCNF. PhP protocol allowed us to monitor the amount of β-CDs released in aqueous environment, highlighting a lower release for modified β-CDs onto toCNF, and the results were consistent with the estimated binding capacity. This quantification of the binding adsorption capacity of various β-CDs is key results for optimizing the design of toCNF/β-CDs materials.
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| 19. |
- Michel, Bastien, et al.
(author)
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Drug release and antimicrobial property of Cellulose Nanofibril/β-Cyclodextrin/Sulfadiazine films
- 2023
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In: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 30, s. 4387-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Active Principal Ingredient (API) encapsulation through adsorption and physical entrapment onto TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (toCNFs) is possible, but challenges such as burst release and use of low water-soluble API such as sulfadiazine (SD) are yet to be addressed. The objective of this study is to assess the release property and antibacterial activity of toCNF/β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD)/SD materials in the form of films. Release in sink conditions was achieved with result highlighting the importance of the toCNF network structure, which is tightened at acidic pH for toCNFs due to its carboxylic content, reducing the burst effect phenomena. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was assessed and the results showed a clear beneficial impact of using β-CDs. An antibacterial effect for toCNF/SD films is confirmed for 3 successive applications whereas an antibacterial effect for a toCNF/CMβCD/SD film is prolonged up to 7 successive applications. The improvement of the topical release of a prophylactic agent with these materials are making them promising for biomedical applications such as wound dressing. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s)
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| 20. |
- Michel, Bastien, et al.
(author)
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Inclusion complex formation between sulfadiazine and various modified β-cyclodextrins and characterization of the complexes
- 2022
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In: Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. - : Editions de Sante. - 1773-2247. ; 76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives are cyclic oligosaccharides which present the ability to form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic molecules and can bring new functionalities to a wide range of materials. As of today, the most used prophylactic drugs for wound dressing applications are sulfadiazine (SD) and its derivatives silver sulfadiazine (SSD). These drugs are used to prevent infections of the wounds; however, their low intrinsic water-solubility is a hindrance to their use. In this study, the inclusion complex formation between SD/SSD and the various β-CDs were assessed with various protocols. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) experiments led to the conclusion that the formation constants measured for SD and SSD are sufficiently similar meaning that SD can be considered as a satisfactory model molecule. Phase Solubility Diagram (PSD) were built for SD and the various β-CDs, highlighting a 1:1 stoichiometry of inclusion and a linear increase in solubility of SD with increasing concentration of β-CDs- The formation constant ranged from 197 M−1 to 245 M−1 for the different β-CDs. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments revealed the different physico-chemical properties affected by the formation of an inclusion complex. Finally, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments confirmed the depth of penetration of SD inside the β-CDs cavity as well as the orientation of SD, highlighting the fact that CM-β-CDs induce a deeper penetration than other β-CDs.
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| 21. |
- Michel, Bastien, et al.
(author)
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Production and mechanical characterisation of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils/β-cyclodextrin films and cryogels
- 2020
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In: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 25:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wood-based TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (toCNF) are promising materials for biomedical applications. Cyclodextrins have ability to form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic molecules and are considered as a method to bring new functionalities to these materials. Water sorption and mechanical properties are also key properties for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. In this work, we report the modification with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) of toCNF samples with different carboxyl contents viz. 756 ± 4 μmol/g and 1048 ± 32 μmol/g. The modification was carried out at neutral and acidic pH (2.5) to study the effect of dissociation of the carboxylic acid group. Films processed by casting/evaporation at 40 °C and cryogels processed by freeze-drying were prepared from βCD modified toCNF suspensions and compared with reference samples of unmodified toCNF. The impact of modification on water sorption and mechanical properties was assessed. It was shown that the water sorption behaviour for films is driven by adsorption, with a clear impact of the chemical makeup of the fibres (charge content, pH, and adsorption of cyclodextrin). Modified toCNF cryogels (acidic pH and addition of cyclodextrins) displayed lower mechanical properties linked to the modification of the cell wall porosity structure. Esterification between βCD and toCNF under acidic conditions was performed by freeze-drying, and such cryogels exhibited a lower decrease in mechanical properties in the swollen state. These results are promising for the development of scaffold and films with controlled mechanical properties and added value due to the ability of cyclodextrin to form an inclusion complex with active principle ingredient (API) or growth factor (GF) for biomedical applications. © 2020 by the authors.
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| 22. |
- Michel, K, et al.
(author)
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Methods used for parasuicide : results of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide.
- 2000
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In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 35:4, s. 156-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a need, especially for areas with high frequencies for certain methods, to understand the factors involved and to develop new and specific prevention projects and to monitor their effects. The WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide has proved to be a useful and reliable instrument for continuous monitoring of trends in parasuicide.
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| 23. |
- Schmidtke, A, et al.
(author)
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Attempted suicide in Europe : rates, trends and sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters during the period 1989-1992. Results of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide.
- 1996
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 93:5, s. 327-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The World Health Organization/EURO Multicentre Project on Parasuicide is part of the action to implement target 12 of the WHO programme, "Health for All by the Year 2000', for the European region. Sixteen centres in 13 European countries are participating in the monitoring aspect of the project, in which trends in the epidemiology of suicide attempts are assessed. The highest average male age-standardized rate of suicide attempts was found for Helsinki, Finland (314/100,000), and the lowest rate (45/100,000) was for Guipuzcoa, Spain, representing a sevenfold difference. The highest average female age-standardized rate was found for Cergy-Pontoise, France (462/100,000), and the lowest (69/100,000) again for Guipuzcoa, Spain. With only one exception (Helsinki), the person-based suicide attempt rates were higher among women than among men. In the majority of centres, the highest person-based rates were found in the younger age groups. The rates among people aged 55 years or over were generally the lowest. For the majority of the centres, the rates for individuals aged 15 years or over decreased between 1989 and 1992. The methods used were primarily "soft' (poisoning) or cutting. More than 50% of the suicide attempters made more than one attempt, and nearly 20% of the second attempts were made within 12 months after the first attempt. Compared with the general population, suicide attempters more often belong to the social categories associated with social destabilization and poverty.
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