| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 4. |
- Kebande, Victor R., et al.
(author)
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Botnet's Obfuscated C&C Infrastructure Take-down Approaches Based on Monitoring Centralized Zeus Bot Variant's Propagation Model
- 2019
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In: 2019 Ist-Africa Week Conference (Ist-Africa). - : IEEE.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While botnets still pose a big threat, they have also developed to be the most dangerous dark applications over the web. They are able to compromise a multitude of computers under the Command and Control (C&C) infrastructure, that is mainly controlled by a botherder/botmaster. Normally, a botnet uses malicious code to achieve its objectives and usually the motivation is based on either financial gain or Denial of Service (DoS) attack. The problem that is being addressed in this paper is structured to explore how a botnet's C&C infrastructure can be taken down based on how the botnet propagates itself within a network. The authors have used Zeus Botnet (ZBot) propagation model as a basis for this study. The main objective is to identify ZBot propagation patterns in order to be able to propose the take down approaches of the C&C infrastructure which acts as botnet control point. It is imperative to note that, even though ZBot was mainly resilient to attacks because of its Peer-to-Peer (P2P) nature, still other Zeus variants were controlled or acted as centralized bots. The study is more inclined to exploring the centralized Zeus variants like GameOver Zeus (GOZ) and ICE-IX for purposes of identifying the approaches. Based on the ZBot attack study, the C&C infrastructure can effectively be infiltrated hence averting unwarranted botnet attacks.
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